chapter 1 information systems: the big picture information systems today leonard jessup and joseph...
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Chapter 1
Information Systems:The Big Picture
Information Systems TodayInformation Systems TodayLeonard Jessup and Joseph ValacichLeonard Jessup and Joseph Valacich
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Textbook Overview Ch 1 – IS: The Big Picture Ch 1 – IS: The Big Picture Ch 2 – IS for Competitive AdvantageCh 2 – IS for Competitive Advantage Ch 3 – Database ManagementCh 3 – Database Management Ch 4 – Telecommunications and the InternetCh 4 – Telecommunications and the Internet Ch 5 – E-Commerce, Intranets, and ExtranetsCh 5 – E-Commerce, Intranets, and Extranets Ch 6 – Organizational Information SystemsCh 6 – Organizational Information Systems Ch 7 – Enterprise-Wide ISCh 7 – Enterprise-Wide IS Ch 8 – IS Development and AcquisitionCh 8 – IS Development and Acquisition Ch 9 – IS Ethics, Crime, and SecurityCh 9 – IS Ethics, Crime, and Security
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Textbook Overview
Appendix A – IS Hardware Appendix A – IS Hardware Appendix B – IS SoftwareAppendix B – IS Software Appendix C – Computer NetworkingAppendix C – Computer Networking
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Chapter 1 Objectives Understand the term information systems (IS)Understand the term information systems (IS) Understand IS components:Understand IS components:
Technology, people, organizationsTechnology, people, organizations
Understand IS career opportunitiesUnderstand IS career opportunities Understand types of information systemsUnderstand types of information systems Understand IS and organizational success or Understand IS and organizational success or
failurefailure Understand the future of IS managementUnderstand the future of IS management
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Case: IS at Washington State University
Automating educational processesAutomating educational processes Online AdministrationOnline Administration
RegistrationRegistration Financial aidFinancial aid GradesGrades
Online Course ManagementOnline Course Management SyllabiSyllabi AssignmentsAssignments Online class discussionsOnline class discussions
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Information Systems Defined
Combinations of hardware, software, and Combinations of hardware, software, and telecommunications networks that people telecommunications networks that people build and use to collect, create, and build and use to collect, create, and distribute useful data in organizationsdistribute useful data in organizations
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Key Elements of Information Systems
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Knowledge as a Business Resource
Knowledge WorkerKnowledge Worker A well-educated professional who creates, A well-educated professional who creates,
modifies, or synthesizes knowledge in one’s modifies, or synthesizes knowledge in one’s professionprofession
Knowledge SocietyKnowledge Society Also called digital society, new economyAlso called digital society, new economy Working with brains instead of handsWorking with brains instead of hands The importance of educationThe importance of education Digital divideDigital divide
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Data
DataData: raw material, unformatted information: raw material, unformatted information
InformationInformation: processed data (meaningful): processed data (meaningful) KnowledgeKnowledge: understanding relationships between : understanding relationships between
pieces of informationpieces of information
WisdomWisdom: knowledge accumulated and applied: knowledge accumulated and applied
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Technology and Information Systems
Computer-Based Information SystemsComputer-Based Information Systems One type of technologyOne type of technology TechnologyTechnology – any mechanical and/or electrical means – any mechanical and/or electrical means
to supplement, extend, or replace human activityto supplement, extend, or replace human activity Information Technology (IT)Information Technology (IT) – machine technology – machine technology
controlled by or using informationcontrolled by or using information
The goal of IS is to provide useful data to usersThe goal of IS is to provide useful data to users IS can be local or global, organizational or enterprise-IS can be local or global, organizational or enterprise-
widewide
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Careers: Operations Management
TrendsTrends Virtual CorporationsVirtual Corporations Network InfrastructureNetwork Infrastructure How wired is your firm?How wired is your firm?
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The People Side of IS
Despite economic ups and downs…Despite economic ups and downs… Labor shortages predictedLabor shortages predicted
U.S. Bureau of Labor StatisticsU.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics http://stats.bls.gov/emp/emptab3.htmhttp://stats.bls.gov/emp/emptab3.htm
Ranked among best jobs availableRanked among best jobs available
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Careers in IS
Systems AnalystSystems Analyst Systems ProgrammerSystems Programmer Systems ConsultantSystems Consultant Database AdministratorDatabase Administrator WebmasterWebmaster IS DirectorIS Director Chief Information OfficerChief Information Officer ProfessorProfessor Government scientistGovernment scientist
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IS Activities and Careers
DevelopDevelop Systems analystSystems analyst Systems Systems
programmerprogrammer Systems consultantSystems consultant
MaintainMaintain Database Database
administratoradministrator WebmasterWebmaster
ManageManage IS DirectorIS Director CIOCIO
StudyStudy University University
ProfessorProfessor Government Government
scientistscientist
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Chief Information Officer (CIO) Responsible for organization’s ISResponsible for organization’s IS Executive levelExecutive level Became prominent in 1980sBecame prominent in 1980s ChallengesChallenges
Tightening budgetsTightening budgets Expectation managementExpectation management
SubordinatesSubordinates Mid-level managersMid-level managers IS directorsIS directors Project managersProject managers
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IS Managerial Personnel
CIOCIOhighest ranking IS manager—responsible for strategic highest ranking IS manager—responsible for strategic directiondirection
IS DirectorIS Directorresponsible for managing all systems throughout the firm and responsible for managing all systems throughout the firm and day-to-day operationsday-to-day operations
Account ExecutiveAccount Executiveresponsible for managing the day-to-day operations of all responsible for managing the day-to-day operations of all aspects of IS within ONE particular division or functional areaaspects of IS within ONE particular division or functional area
Info Center ManagerInfo Center Managerresponsible for managing IS services such as help desks, responsible for managing IS services such as help desks, trainingtraining
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IS Managerial Personnel
Development ManagerDevelopment Managercoordinates and manages ALL new systems projectscoordinates and manages ALL new systems projects
Project ManagerProject Managerusually responsible for managing a particular new systems projectusually responsible for managing a particular new systems project
Maintenance ManagerMaintenance Managerresponsible for coordinating and managing all systems maintenance projectsresponsible for coordinating and managing all systems maintenance projects
Systems ManagerSystems Managerresponsible for managing a particular existing systemresponsible for managing a particular existing system
IS planning ManagerIS planning Managerplans for system growth and change in three main areas—hardware, software, plans for system growth and change in three main areas—hardware, software, and networkingand networking
Operations ManagerOperations Managersupervises the day to day operation of data/computer centersupervises the day to day operation of data/computer center
Programming ManagerProgramming Managercoordinates all programming effortscoordinates all programming efforts
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IS Managerial PersonnelSystems Programming ManagerSystems Programming Manager
coordinates support for maintenance of all systems softwarecoordinates support for maintenance of all systems softwareManager of Emerging TechnologiesManager of Emerging Technologies
forecasts technology trends—evaluates/experiments with new technologiesforecasts technology trends—evaluates/experiments with new technologiesTelecommunications ManagerTelecommunications Manager
coordinates and manages the entire voice and data networkcoordinates and manages the entire voice and data networkNetwork ManagerNetwork Manager
responsible for managing one piece of the enterprise-wide networkresponsible for managing one piece of the enterprise-wide networkDatabase AdministratorDatabase AdministratorAuditing or Computer Security ManagerAuditing or Computer Security Manager
responsible for managing ethical and legal use of information systems within the firmresponsible for managing ethical and legal use of information systems within the firmQuality Assurance ManagerQuality Assurance Manager
develops and monitors standards and procedures to ensure system accuracy and qualitydevelops and monitors standards and procedures to ensure system accuracy and qualityWebmasterWebmaster
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The High Value of IS Personnel
Supply and demandSupply and demand Aggressive recruitingAggressive recruiting High salariesHigh salaries Broad demandBroad demand
Large and small companiesLarge and small companiesUrban and ruralUrban and rural
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Integrating Skills and Knowledge
TechnologyTechnology hardware, software, networkinghardware, software, networking
BusinessBusiness business, management, social, business, management, social,
communicationscommunications SystemsSystems
Integration, development methods, Integration, development methods, critical thinking, problem solvingcritical thinking, problem solving
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Hot Skills in IS Workers Office / E-mailOffice / E-mail LanguagesLanguages ApplicationsApplications RDBS AdministrationRDBS Administration Development ToolsDevelopment Tools InternetworkingInternetworking Operating SystemsOperating Systems NOS LAN AdministrationNOS LAN Administration NetworkingNetworking
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Types of Information SystemsTransaction Processing SystemTransaction Processing System
processes day to day business event data at the operational level of processes day to day business event data at the operational level of the organization—ie a grocery story checkout cash registerthe organization—ie a grocery story checkout cash register
Management Information SystemManagement Information Systemproduces detailed information to help manage a firm or part of a produces detailed information to help manage a firm or part of a firm—ie. Inventory mgmt systemfirm—ie. Inventory mgmt system
Executive Information SystemExecutive Information Systemprovides very high level aggregate information to support provides very high level aggregate information to support executive level decision making—ie news retrieval or stock updateexecutive level decision making—ie news retrieval or stock update
Decision Support SystemDecision Support Systemprovides analysis tools and access to databases in order to support provides analysis tools and access to databases in order to support quantitative decision making—ie demand forecasting systemquantitative decision making—ie demand forecasting system
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Types of Information Systems
Expert SystemExpert Systemmimic human expert in a particular area and provides answers or mimic human expert in a particular area and provides answers or advice—ie automated system for analyzing bank loan applicationsadvice—ie automated system for analyzing bank loan applications
Functional Area Information SystemFunctional Area Information Systemsupports the activities within a specific functional area in the firm—supports the activities within a specific functional area in the firm—system for planning and personnel trainingsystem for planning and personnel training
Office Automation System (a.k.a. Personal Productivity Software)Office Automation System (a.k.a. Personal Productivity Software)supports a wide range of predefined, day to day work activities—word supports a wide range of predefined, day to day work activities—word processorprocessor
Collaboration SystemCollaboration Systemenables people to communicate, collaborate, and coordinate with each enables people to communicate, collaborate, and coordinate with each other—email, shared calendarother—email, shared calendar
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Types of Information Systems
Customer Relationship Management SystemCustomer Relationship Management Systemsupport interaction between the firms and its support interaction between the firms and its customers—siebel suite of e-businesscustomers—siebel suite of e-business
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Types of Information Systems
Electronic Commerce SystemElectronic Commerce Systemenables customers to buy goods and enables customers to buy goods and services from a firm’s websiteservices from a firm’s website
Enterprise Resource Planning SystemEnterprise Resource Planning SystemSupport and integrate all facets of the Support and integrate all facets of the business, including planning, business, including planning, manufacturing, and sales--SAPmanufacturing, and sales--SAP
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Disaster Plans for IS
That IS is crucial to corporate success is That IS is crucial to corporate success is illustrated by the need for disaster planningillustrated by the need for disaster planning
Are companies prepared now?Are companies prepared now? What’s at stakeWhat’s at stake The consequences of failing to planThe consequences of failing to plan
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The Dual Nature of IS
Systems can dictate success or failureSystems can dictate success or failure Case 1: Denver International AirportCase 1: Denver International Airport Case 2: Federal ExpressCase 2: Federal Express Factors affecting success/failure:Factors affecting success/failure:
Size and complexity of projectSize and complexity of project Size and nature of organizationSize and nature of organization
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IS for Competitive Advantage
Strategic SystemsStrategic Systems Competition: doing things faster, better, Competition: doing things faster, better,
cheapercheaper How can systems gain one’s organization a How can systems gain one’s organization a
competitive advantage?competitive advantage?
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International Outsourcing
Round-the-clock productivityRound-the-clock productivity Cost savingsCost savings
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IS Within the Firm
Traditionally a love/hate relationshipTraditionally a love/hate relationship ““Techies” vs. mere “users” (us vs. them)Techies” vs. mere “users” (us vs. them) Poor service, lousy attitudesPoor service, lousy attitudes
Now: progress toward better customer serviceNow: progress toward better customer service Better relationships within the companyBetter relationships within the company Cooperation, not rivalryCooperation, not rivalry
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Staying Current with IS News
Great sources for IS current info:Great sources for IS current info: informationweek.cominformationweek.com computerworld.comcomputerworld.com cio.comcio.com
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The Spread of Technology in Organizations
Technology infiltrates business unitsTechnology infiltrates business units Dual role for IS workers:Dual role for IS workers:
Work with IS technical groupWork with IS technical group Work with business unit (marketing, finance, etc.)Work with business unit (marketing, finance, etc.)
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The Spread of Technology in Organizations
Benefits of centralized IS functionBenefits of centralized IS function Coordinated planningCoordinated planning Consistent managementConsistent management Systems compatibility and connectivitySystems compatibility and connectivity
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Human Resource Planning for IS
The human resource challenge:The human resource challenge: Tech workers need to understand businessTech workers need to understand business Business workers must understand technologyBusiness workers must understand technology
Fluctuations in hiring tech workersFluctuations in hiring tech workers Downsizing issuesDownsizing issues Recruiting issuesRecruiting issues
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Career Prospects and Opportunities
IS applies to nearly every functional area IS applies to nearly every functional area within a firmwithin a firm
One may become indispensable in a firm One may become indispensable in a firm through mastering tech skillsthrough mastering tech skills
Anticipated growth in tech hiringAnticipated growth in tech hiring
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Coming Attractions:
Is it a phone or computer? Wireless Pocket PCWireless Pocket PC
Merging mobile phones with personal Merging mobile phones with personal digital assistant (PDA) technology digital assistant (PDA) technology
Communicate, collaborate, and coordinateCommunicate, collaborate, and coordinate