chap 2: organizations that help shape community health anita sego spring, 2005

Chap 2: Organizations That Help Shape Community Health

Anita Sego

Spring, 2005

Chap 2: Organizations

Chapter Objectives

• Explain the need for organizing to improve community health.

• Explain what a governmental health organization is and give examples.

• Explain the role of the World Health Organization (WHO) plays in community health


Chapter Objectives

• Briefly describe the structure and function of the United States Department of health and Human Services (HHS).

• State the core functions of public health.

• List the 10 essential public health services.

• Explain the relationship between a state and local health departments


Chapter Objectives

• Identify programs that should be provided by local health departments

• Explain what is meant by the term coordinated school health program.

• Define the term quasi-governmental and explain why some health organizations are classified under this term.


Chapter Objectives

• List three primary activities of most voluntary health organizations.

• Identify five major professional health organizations and three foundations that support community health efforts.

• Explain how philanthropic foundations contribute to community health.


Chapter Objectives

• Discuss the role that service, social, and religious organizations play in community health.

• Identify the major reason why corporations are involved in community health and describe some corporate activities that contribute to community health.


Introduction

• Today’s Communities– Highly developed and centralized resources in our

national institutions and organizations– Continued concentration of wealth and population in

the largest metropolitan areas– rapid movement of information, resources and

people– limited horizontal relationships between

organizations– Top-down funding for many community programs.


Governmental Health Agencies• GOVERNMENTAL HEALTH

AGENCIES – Funded primarily by tax dollars– Managed by governmental officials– Authority for some area of health

• LEVELS – International– National– State– Local


World Health Organization

• HISTORY – United Nations charter in 1945 established the need– Officially began April 7, 1948 - World Health Day

• ORGANIZATION – Open membership – Administered by director-general and 5 assistant

directors-general

• PURPOSE– Attainment by all peoples of the best possible level

of health


National Health Agencies

• Department of Health and Human Services– Principal agency for protecting the health of all

Americans and providing essential human services– Other agencies also contribute to our Nation’s health

• WIC• OSHA• EPA

• ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE– 12 Operating divisions


Organizational Chart

I n d ianH eal thSer v ice(I H S )

C en ter s fo rD isease C o n tr o lan d P r ev en tio n

(C D C )

A d m in istr atio nfo r C h i ld r enan d F am i l ies

(A C F )

N atio n alI n sti tu teso f H eal th

(N I H )

A g en cy fo r T o x icSu bstan ces an d

D isease R eg istr y(A T SD R )

A d m in istr atio no f

A g in g(A o A )

Su bstan ce A bu se an dM en tal H eal th Sv cs

A d m in istr atio n(SA M H SA )

F o o dan d D r u g

A d m in istr atio n(F D A )

H eal th C ar eF in an cin g

A d m in istr atio n(H C F A )

P r o g r amSu p p o r tC en ter(P SC )

H eal th R eso u r cesan d Ser v ices

A d m in istr atio n(H R SA )

A g en cy fo rH eal th car e

R esear ch & Q u al i ty(A H R Q )

T h e Secr etar yD ep u ty Secr etar y




(C D C )


(A C F )


(N I H )




A g in g(A o A )



F o o dan d D r u g











(A C F )

• Is responsible for providing direction and leadership for all federal programs for needy children and families (Administers Head Start program).




(C D C )


(A C F )


(N I H )




A g in g(A o A )



F o o dan d D r u g











A g in g(A o A )

• Supports a nationwide aging network, providing services to the elderly, especially to enable them to remain independent. Supports services and provides leadership on aging issues.


• Administers the Medicare and Medicaid Programs, which provide health care coverage to about 75 million Americans.

I n d ianH eal thSer v i ce

(I H S )


(C D C )

A d m in i str ati o nfo r C h i ld r enan d F am i l i es

(A C F )


(N I H )


D isease R eg i str y(A T SD R )

A d m in i str ati o no f

A g in g(A o A )

Su bstan ce A bu se an dM en ta l H eal th Sv cs

A d m in i str ati o n(SA M H S A )

F o o dan d D r u g

A d m in i str ati o n(F D A )


A d m in i str ati o n(H C F A )


H eal th R eso u r cesan d Ser v i ces

A d m in i str ati o n(H R SA )





A d m in i str atio n(H C F A )


• Is the lead agency charged with supporting research designed to improve the quality of healthcare, reduce its costs, improve patient safety, decrease medical errors, and broaden access

I n d ianH eal thSer v i ce(I H S )


(C D C )

A d m in i str atio nfo r C h i ld r enan d F am i l ies

(A C F )


(N I H )



A d m in i str atio no f

A g in g(A o A )


A d m in i str atio n(SA M H SA )

F o o dan d D r u g

A d m in i str atio n(F D A )





A d m in i str atio n(H R SA )







• Serves as the national focus for developing and applying disease prevention and control, environmental health, and health promotion and health education activities designed to improve the health of the people of the US.



(C D C )


(A C F )


(N I H )




A g in g(A o A )



F o o dan d D r u g











(C D C )


• Working with states and other federal agencies, ATSDR deal with the cleanup of hazardous substances in the environment.



(C D C )


(A C F )


(N I H )




A g in g(A o A )



F o o dan d D r u g













• Mission is to promote and protect public health by helping safe and effective products reach the market in a timely way, and monitoring products for continued safety after they are in use.



(C D C )


(A C F )


(N I H )




A g in g(A o A )



F o o dan d D r u g










F o o dan d D r u g



• Helps provide health resources for medically underserved populations. Works to build the health care workforce.



(C D C )


(A C F )


(N I H )




A g in g(A o A )



F o o dan d D r u g








R esear ch & Q u al i ty(A H C P R )





• Provides comprehensive health service delivery system to American Indians and Alaska Natives.

I n d ianH eal thSer v i ce

(I H S )


(C D C )

A d m in i str atio nfo r C h i ld r enan d F am i l i es

(A C F )


(N I H )




A g in g(A o A )


A d m in i str atio n(SA M H S A )

F o o dan d D r u g












• The world’s premier medical research organization, supporting research projects nationwide.



(C D C )


(A C F )


(N I H )




A g in g(A o A )



F o o dan d D r u g











(N I H )


• Ensures up-to-date information and state-of-the-art practice is effectively used for the prevention and treatment of addictive and mental disorders.



(C D C )


(A C F )


(N I H )




A g in g(A o A )



F o o dan d D r u g











A d m in i str atio n(SA M H SA )


• Provides qualitative and responsive administrative support services on a cost-effective, competitive, fee-for-service basis to HHS components and other federal agencies.



(C D C )

A d m in i str atio nfo r C h i ld r enan d F am i l i es

(A C F )


(N I H )




A g in g(A o A )


A d m in i str atio n(SA M H S A )

F o o dan d D r u g












State Health Agencies

• Purpose:

• To promote, protect, and maintain the health and welfare of their citizens.

• CORE FUNCTIONS

• Assessment

• Policy development

• Assurance



Develop Policies

Link to/ Provide Care

Enforce Laws Mobilize ommunity Partnerships

Inform, Educate, Empower

Diagnose & Investigate

Monitor HealthEvaluate

Assure Competent Workforce

Research

System

Management

AssuranceAssessment

PolicyDevelopment



• DIVISIONS OR BUREAUS– Administration– Communicable and chronic disease prevention and

control– Vital and health statistics– Public health nursing– Environmental health– Health education or promotion– Maternal and child health– Mental health– Occupational and industrial health– Laboratory services– Health services– Veterinary public health


Organizational of Local Health Departments

E n v i r o n m en talH eal th

H eal thE d u catio n

N u r sin g V i ta lS tati sti cs

C h r o n icD isease

C o m m u n icab leD isease

H eal thC o m m isso n er

H eal th O ffi cer(P h y sician )

B o ar d


Local Health Agencies

FUNDINGMajor portion comes comes from local property

taxesSome state and federal dollarsSome programs “fee-for-service” basis

COORDINATED SCHOOL HEALTH PROGRAM Health educationHealthful school environment Health services


Coordinated School Health Program• An organized set of policies, procedures,

and activities designed to protect, promote, and improve the health and well-being of students and staff, thus improving the student’s ability to learn.

• Components– school health education - physical education– health services - school nutrition– school environment - family and community– counseling - health promotion– psychological and social services


Quasi-governmental Organizations

• QUASI-GOVERNMENTAL HEALTH AGENCIES – Some responsibilities

assigned by government but operate more like voluntary agencies

– Funded by tax dollars and private sources

– Operate independently of government supervision

• AMERICAN RED CROSS

• NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION

• NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES


Non-governmental Health Agencies • NONGOVERNMENTAL HEALTH AGENCIES

– Funded by private donations

• VOLUNATARY HEALTH AGENCIES – Created by concerned citizens to deal with a health

need not met by governmental health agencies

• ORGANIZATION– National– State– Local


Voluntary Health Agencies

• PURPOSE – Raise money to fund programs– Provide education both to professionals and to the

public– Provide service to those individuals and families that

are afflicted with the health problem

• LARGEST VOLUNATARY HEALTH AGENCIES – American Cancer Society– American Heart Association– American Lung Association


Non-governmental Health Agencies • PROFESSIONAL HEALTH

ORGANIZATIONS/ASSOCIATIONS – Mission - promote high standards of

professional practice for their specific profession.

– American Public Health Association– American Medical Association– American Nursing Association– American Dental Association– Society of Public Health Education, Inc.


Non-governmental Health Agencies• PHILANTROPIC FOUNDATIONS

• Provide funding for research and programming– Rockefeller Foundation– Robert Wood Johnson Foundation– Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation– W. K. Kellogg Foundation


Non-governmental Health Agencies

• SERVICE, SOCIAL, AND RELIGIOUS ORGANIZATIONS – Jaycees– Kiwanis Club– Rotary Club– Shriners– American Legion

• CORPORATE INVOLVEMENT – Worksite programs– Sponsorship of health-

enhancing activities in the community


Chapter 2Chapter 2

OORANIZATIONSRANIZATIONS T THATHAT H HELPELP SSHAPEHAPE C COMMUNITYOMMUNITY

HHEALTHEALTH

chap 2: organizations that help shape community health anita sego spring, 2005

Documents

community health slide

voluntary health organizations

community health efforts

local health departments

school health program

religious organizations

community programs

essential human services