ch-8 transport and communication

7/29/2019 Ch-8 Transport and Communication

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By-prachi yadav


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Transport

Transport is a service or a facility forthe carriage of persons and goods from

one place to the other using differentkinds of vehicles.

Roads and Railways form part of landtransport ; while shipping andwaterways and airways are the two

other modes.


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Land transport


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land transport

Land transportation are pipelines , ropeways and

cableways. Liquids like mineral oil , water, sludge andsewers are transported by pipelines.

The great freight carriers are the railways , ocean

vessels ,barges , boats and motor trucks and pipelines .


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roads Unmetalled roads are those roads which are easy inconstruction and are not effective.

Metalled roads are hard to construct these areseriously handicapped during floods.

The worlds total motorable road length is only 15million km, of which north america accounts for33%.the hightest road density and the highest numberof vehicles are registered in this continentcompared towestern europe.


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highways Highways are metalled roads connecting distant places.

they are constructed in such a manner for unobstructedvehicular movement.

North america highway density is highabout 0.65kmper sqkm.

Europe has a large number of vehicles and a well developed

highway network.

In india there are many highways criss-cross the countryconnecting all major towns and cities ex-NH-7.


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border roads Roads laid along international boundries are calledborder roads.

They play an important role in integrating peopl inremote areas with major cities and providing defence.

Almost all countries hav such rods to transport goodsto border villages and military camps.


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railways Railways are a mode of land transport for bulky goodsand passengers over long distances.

The railway gauges vary in different countries and arerougly classified as broad more than 1.5m,standarad1.44m.

Computer trains are very popular in UK.,USA,Japan

and India. There are about 13 lakh km of railways open for traffic

in the world.


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Transcontinental

railways Transcontinental railways run across the continent

and link its two ends.

They were constructed for economic and politicalreasons to facilitate long runs in different directions.

The following are the most important of these:centreand Irkutsk,a fur centre.

There are connecting links to the south ,namely,toOdessa(Ukraine),Baku on the Caspian Coast, UlanBator(Mongolia),and Beijing in China.


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Trans-siberian railway It is the most important route in Asia and the

longest(9,332 km) double-tracked and electrifiedtranscontinental railway in the world .

It has helped in opening up its Asian region to WestEuropean markets.

It runs across the Ural Mountains and Yenisei riversChita is an important agro centre and Irkustsk,a furcentre.


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Trans-canadian railways This 7,050km long rail line in Canada runs from

Halifax in the east to Vancouver on the Pacific Coastpassing through Montreal,Ottawa,Winnipeg andCallary.

It was constructed in 1886 ,initially as a part of anagreement to make British Columbia on the west coastjoin the Federation of States.

Another major north-south line connects Adelaideand Alice Spring and to be joined further to theDarwin-Birdum line.


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the union pacific railway The rail line connects New york on the Atlantic Coast

passing through San Francisco on the Pacific Coastpassing through Cleveland, Chicago, Omaha, Evansand Ogden.

The most valuable exports of this route are ores ,grain, paper ,chemicals and machinery.


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Australian trans-

continental railway This rail line runs west east across the southern part

of the continent from Perthon the west coast to Sydneyon the east coast .

All that is needed is to provide port facilities at the twoends.

It is much cheaper because the friction of water is farless than that of land.


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The orient express This line runs from Paris to Istanbul passing through

Strasbourg , Munich ,Vienna , Budapest and Belgrade.

The chief exports from the rail -route are cheese ,bacon, oats , wine , fruits , and machinery.

There is a proposal to build a Trans-Asiatic Railwaylinking Istanbul with Bangkok via ,Iran ,Pakistan,India , Bangladesh and Myanmar.


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water transport


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WATER TRANSPORT One of the great advantages of water transport that it

does not require route construction.

The energy cost of the water transport are lower.watertransport is divided into sea routes and inlandwaterways.

Water transport is much cheaper because the friction

of the water is far less than that of land. The oceans are linked with each other and are

negotiable with ships of various sizes.


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sea route Its transformation into a route way by sea going vessels

ia an important development in human adaptation tothe physical environment.

Compared to land and air, ocean transport is acheaper means of haulage of bulky material over longdistances from one continent to another.

The use of containers has made cargo handling at theworlds major ports easier.

The oceans offer a smooth highway traversable in alldirections with no maintenance costs.


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North atlantic sea route The foreign trade over this route is greater than the

rest of the world combined .one fourth of the worldsforeign trade moves on this route.

It is therefore the busiest in the world and other wisecalled the Big Trunk Route.

Both the coasts have highly advanced ports and

harbour facilities. The links north southern USA and north western

Europe.


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Mediterranean-indian

ocean sea route

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