Economic RelationshipsTotal, Average and Marginal RelationshipsOptimization AnalysisDifferential CalculusOptimization with CalculusNew Management Tools for Optimization

pp. 39-83Chapter 2 Optimization Techniques and New Management Tools

Hubungan EkonomiHubungan Total, Rata-rata dan Marginal Analisa OptimalisasiDifferential CalculusOptimalisasi dengan CalculusAlat Manajemen Baru utk Optimalisasi

Bab 2 Teknik Optimisasidan Peralatan Manajemen Baru

pp. 39-83

Menyatakan Hubungan Ekonomi TR = 100Q - 10Q2Tables:Graphs:p. 39Expressing Economic RelationshipsPersamaan:Equations:

Menyatakan Hubungan Ekonomi TR = 100Q - 10Q2Tabel:Grafik:p. 39Persamaan:

Total, Rata-rata, danBiaya Marginal AC = TC/QMC = TC/Qp. 41Total, Average, and Marginal Cost

Total, Rata-rata, danBiaya Marginal Q = outputTC = Biaya TotalAC = Biaya Rata-rataMC = Biaya Marginal

AC = TC/QMC = TC/Qp. 41Biaya Total, Rata-rata, dan Biaya Marginal

Total, Average, andMarginal CostTCACMC

Biaya Total, Rata-rata, danMarginal MCACTCFCFixed CostBiaya Tetap

Prepared by Robert F. Brooker, Ph.D. Copyright 2004 by South-Western, a division of Thomson Learning. All rights reserved.Slide *p.277MC = ATCBentuk U dari ATC, AVC, MC = $60Biaya TetapTotal Biaya Tdk Tetap.

Pemaksimuman LabaProfit Maximization

Pemaksimuman LabaPemaksimalan Laba

Profit Maximization is maximum at Q = 3 MC = MRTotal lossis greatestp.46Max TRMR = 0

Pemaksimalan Laba maksimum pada Q = 3 MC = MRKerugian Totalterbesarp.46Max TRMR = 0A

Optimization With CalculusFind X such that dY/dX = 0Second derivative rules:If d2Y/dX2 > 0, then X is a minimum.If d2Y/dX2 < 0, then X is a maximum.p.56p. 55

Optimalisai dengan CalculusDapatkan X dimana dY/dX = 0

Turunan kedua:Jika d2Y/dX2 > 0, maka X adalah minimum.Jika d2Y/dX2 < 0, maka X adalah maksimum.p.56p. 55

TR Function:TR = 9Q - Q2p. 77MR = TR/QMR = 0 = 9 - 2Q Q = 4.5 TR is maximum = 20.25(a) Total, Average, and Marginal Revenue

Q0123456TR081418202018AR0876543MR-86420-2

Fungsi TR :TR = 9Q - Q2p. 77MR = TR/QMR = 0 = 9 - 2Q Q = 4.5 TR maksimum = 20.25(a) Penerimaan Total, Rata-rata & Marginal

Q0123456TR081418202018AR0876543MR-86420-2

(b) The relationship among TR, AR and MR

(b) Hubungan antara TR, AR dan MR

Jarak terjauh

New Management ToolsBenchmarking finding out how other firms better p. 63Total Quality Management How can we do this cheaper, faster & better? Max quality & Min costsReengineering radical design of all firms process to achieve major gains in speed, quality, service and profitability p.66The Learning Organization continuing learning both individual & collective: New mental model; Personal mastery; System thinking; Shared vision; Team learningp. 63-69

Perangkat Manajemen BaruStudi Banding Penemuan bagaimana perusahaan lain lebih baik dengan langsung melihat ke lapangan p. 63Manajemen Mutu Total Bagaimana kita dapat menghasilkan lebih murah, cepat & lebih baik ? Kualitas maksimum & Biaya minimumRekayasa (Perobahan Total) rancangan yang radikal dari seluruh proses perusahaan untuk mencapai manfaat utama dalam kecepatan, kualitas, pelayanan dan keuntungan p.66Organisasi Pembelajaran pembelajaran berkelanjutan baik perorangan atau kelompok: model mental baru; kemampuan personal; System berfikir; memahami visi Team pembelajaranp. 63-69

Other Management ToolsBroadbanding eliminating multiple salary gradesDirect Business Model a firms consumersNetworking strategic alliances = virtual integrationPricing Power price costsSmall-World Model like a small firm: indiv well connectedVirtual Integration suppliers & customer = a company Virtual Management consumer behavior + computer models based on theory of complexity.p. 71

Peralatan Manajemen lainnyaPenyatuan penghapusan tingkat gaji yg banyakModel Bisnis Langsung perus. langsung berhubungan dg konsumen , menghapus distributorJaringan Kerja strategi bergabung = integrasi murniPenentu Harga harga karena biaya Model Dunia Kecil perus. besar beroperasi seperti perus. kecil : setiap level organisasi terhubung dengan baikIntegrasi Murni menghilangkan batasan perusahaan, suppliers & konsumen >> sebuah perusahaan Manajemen Murni simulasi perilaku konsumen + model komputer yang rumit/teoritisp. 71

Improved by Nurzaman BahtiarImproved by Nurzaman BahtiarJanuary 2012Managerial Economics, Ch. 2*Managerial Economics, Ch. 2Improved by Nurzaman BahtiarImproved by Nurzaman BahtiarJanuary 2012Managerial Economics, Ch. 2*Managerial Economics, Ch. 2Improved by Nurzaman BahtiarImproved by Nurzaman BahtiarJanuary 2012Managerial Economics, Ch. 2*

Managerial Economics, Ch. 2Improved by Nurzaman BahtiarImproved by Nurzaman BahtiarJanuary 2012Managerial Economics, Ch. 2*

Managerial Economics, Ch. 2Improved by Nurzaman BahtiarImproved by Nurzaman BahtiarJanuary 2012Managerial Economics, Ch. 2*Managerial Economics, Ch. 2