Ch. 10: The Jefferson Era

Bell Work…

Review your notes from the last chapter to predict what some of the main issues in the Election of 1800 might have been.

Thoughts to Ponder…

From 1789-1828, America became more democratic. The Founding Fathers had not anticipated political parties, but different ideas about government divided leaders and the public. As president, Jefferson reduced the size of the federal government. After purchasing the LA Territory from the French, he named Lewis and Clark to lead an expedition of discovery. Differences between Great Britain and the United States prompted a renewal of hostilities in 1812. Although the war was short and inconclusive, a wave of patriotism washed over Americans when it ended.

The Election of 1800

1. Federalist John Adams and Pinckney vs. Republican Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr

2. Jefferson and Burr each received 73 Electoral Votes

3. House of Representatives chose Jefferson as President

4. 12th Amendment- requires electors to vote for the president and vice president on separate ballots

Your Task…

Update your Presidents Chart.

Your Assignment…

Read the article, The Election of 1800. Complete the Suggested Student Exercises.

Bell Work…

Copy and answer the following questions into your notebook:

Who were the candidates in the Election of 1800, and what party did each represent?

Why did the Election of 1800 lead to the Twelfth Amendment?

The Election of 1800

John Adams and the FederalistsThomas Jefferson and the

Democratic-Republicans

Rule by wealthy class

Strong federal government

Emphasis on manufacturing

Loose interpretation of the Constitution

British alliance

Rule by the people

Strong state governments

Emphasis on agriculture

Strict interpretation of the

Constitution

French alliance

Election Results

Adams receives 65 votes, and Pinckney

receives 64 votes

Jefferson and running mate Burr receive

73 votes each

Peaceful change of political power from one party to another

The tied race led to the Twelfth Amendment (1804), which created a separate ballot

for president and vice president

Jefferson’s Policies1. Stressed the need for a limited gov’t and the protection

of civil liberties

2. Cabinet choices included James Madison (Sec. of State) and Albert Gallatin (Sec. of the Treasury)

3. Congress allowed the Alien and Sedition Acts to expire

4. Lowered military spending and reduced the size of the army

5. Believed that the primary functions of the federal gov’t were to protect the nation from foreign threats, deliver the mail, and collect customs duties

6. Agreed to leave the Bank of the US in place

Marbury vs. Madison1. Judiciary Act of 1801- created 16 new federal judgeships

2. John Adams appointed hundreds of judges before his term was up

3. Jefferson blocked the appointments of the ‘midnight judges’

4. Judicial Review- the Supreme Court’s power to declare acts of Congress unconstitutional

5. Writ of mandamus- court order directing an individual or agency to do or not do something

6. Court ruled against Marbury

Your Task…

In your assigned groups, read either The Judiciary Act of 1789 and Excerpts from the Constitution or Majority Opinion of the Supreme Court. Then, answer the corresponding questions.

Bell Work…

Copy and answer the following questions into your notebook:

What was the Supreme Court’s ruling in Marbury vs. Madison?

How does the power of judicial review strengthen the role of the judicial branch?

Louisiana Purchase- purchase of French land between the Mississippi River and the Rocky Mountains that doubled the size of the US

THE LOUISIANA PURCHASE

1763 France gave Louisiana to Spain

March 1801

Spain returned Louisiana to France

Jefferson sent Robert R. Livingston, the US minister to France to

attempt to buy New Orleans

January 1803 US sent James Monroe to join Livingston to try to buy New

Orleans and West Florida from France

April 1803

The French offered Livingston and Monroe all of Louisiana

They signed a treaty acquiring 828,000 square miles for $15

million

October 1803 The Senate ratified the treaty and in December the US acquired

the Louisiana Purchase

The Corps of Discovery1. Lewis and Clark Expedition- expedition led by

Meriwether Lewis and William Clark that began in 1804 to explore the Louisiana Purchase

2. Left St. Louis in Spring of 1804, using the Missouri River as their pathway

3. Sacagawea- Shoshone woman who guided the expedition

4. Returned in September 1806

5. Collected information on people, plants, animals, and geography of the West

Your Task…Create a map of the LA Purchase and the Corps of Discovery. Include the following:

Title

Map with LA Purchase colored a brighter color, and Corps of Discovery route traced

Trace, color, and label all US states gray

Trace, color, and label all US territories blue

Draw and label the Mississippi River and the Missouri River

Locate and label the following cities: New Orleans, St. Louis

2-3 sentence explanation for how the US acquired the territory

2-3 sentence explanation about the purpose of the Corps of Discovery expedition

3-4 key people, each with picture and a brief biography (3-4 sentences, focus on their contribution to the expedition)

5 stops of the Corps of Discovery, each with a picture and a brief explanation of what the expedition did at that stop (1-2 sentences)

**All writing will be typed into one Word document, printed, and glued on poster**

Your Assignment…Read Alexander Hamilton’s Editorial, Purchase of Louisiana, and Letters by Federalists. Then, answer the questions prompted on the Louisiana Purchase Graphic Organizer.

On the back of the graphic organizer, write three sentences answering the following question:

Did Federalists oppose the Louisiana Purchase for practical or political reasons? (In other words, did the Federalists have real concerns, or did they just hate Jefferson?) Use text to support your answer.

Bell Work…

Copy and answer the following question into your notebook:

What are some possible results of expansion into the Louisiana Purchase?

USS Constitution- large warship

Impressment- forcing people to serve in the army or navy

Embargo- banning of trade with a country

Embargo Act- prohibited American merchants from trading with other countries

Non-Intercourse Act- replaced the Embargo Act and restored trade with all nations except Britain, France, and their colonies

Tecumseh- Shawnee chief who believed treaties with separate Native American nations were worthless

The Prophet- believed that Native Americans should return to the traditional ways of their ancestors

Battle of Tippecanoe- US victory over an Indian confederation that wanted to stop white settlement in the NW Territory

War Hawks- members of Congress who wanted to declare war against Britain after the Battle of Tippecanoe

Your Task…

Continue working on the Louisiana Purchase Maps.

Bell Work…

Copy and answer the following question into your notebook:

Why did Congress pass the Embargo Act?

Your Task…

Complete the War of 1812 Doodle Notes.

The War of 18121. War declared on Great Britain in June 1812

2. Andrew Jackson led military forces; massacred Creek women, children, and warriors at Battle of Horseshoe Bend

3. British bombed Fort McHenry

4. Treaty of Ghent- ended the War of 1812

5. Jackson beat the British at the Battle of New Orleansafter the Treaty of Ghent had been signed

ANALYZING THE WAR OF 1812

Causes of the War

Impressment of

American sailors

Interference with

American shipping

British military aid to

Native Americans

Effects of the War

Increased sense of

national pride

American

manufacturing boosted

Native American

resistance weakened

The Star Spangled BannerOn September 13-14, 1814, Francis Scott Key witnessed

the bombardment of Fort McHenry by the British.

Moved by what he saw, he wrote a poem that he entitled “The Star Spangled Banner.”

How do the words relate to the nighttime bombardment of Fort McHenry by British ships?

What is the main idea of the song?

Is it a good song to represent the US as its national anthem?

Your Assignment…

In your groups, discuss and list the main events, people, and issues of the War of 1812.

Rank the list by order of significance. Using the notecards provided, create trading cards for the 10 most significant people, events, battles, and issues of the war. On the front of each card, provide a name and an image for a person/event. On the back of each card, provide facts about the person or event on the front of the card.