1

cfwf/e"t tyf k|fylds lzIff kl/of]hgf — bf];|f]sf]

n}lËs cWoog

g]kfn

rknf sf]O/fnf

lgnd j:g]t

h'lnP6 DofSofk|mL

lzIff tyf v]ns"b dGqfno

lzIff ljefu

;fgf]l7dL

tyf

o'/f]k]nL cfof]u, 8]lg; cGt/f{li6«o ljsf; lgof]u /

;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3Lo afnsf]if

@))@ d]

2

cfwf/e't tyf k|fylds lzIff kl/of]hgf

n}lËs cWoog M– efu @

ljifo ;'rL k]h

e"ldsf

wGojfb 1fkg

;+lIfKt ?kx?

;f/f+z

!=) kl/ro

!=! cfly{s, ;fdflhs / /fhg}lts kl/k|]Io

!=@ n}lËs cWoogsf p2]Zo tyf ;Gbe{ >f]tx?

!=# cWoogsf k4lt tyf k|lqmofx?

!=$ ljlw

!=% cfwf/e't tyf k|fylds lzIff kl/of]hgf

@=) n}lËs b[li6sf]0faf6 b:tfj]hx?sf] ljZn]if0f

@=! cGt/f{li6«o lgltx?

@=@ /fli6«o lgltx?

@=# /fli6«o ljsf; of]hgfx?

@=$ cfwf/e't tyf k|fylds lzIff kl/of]hgf

bf]>f]sf] kl/of]hgf sfof{Gjog of]hgf n}lËs cWoog

@=% cf=k|f=lz=k= jh]6sf] n}lËs ljZn]if0f

#=) Ifdtf clej[l4 M n}lËs b]li6sf]0faf6 pknAwLsf] ljZn]if0f

#=! ;+:yfx?sf] ;jnLs/0f

#=!=! lzIff ljefu / s]Gb|Lo txsf ;+:yfx?sf] ;jnLs/0f

#=!=!=! z}lIfs Joj:yfkgdf dlxnfx?

#=!=!=@ dlxnf lzIff zfvf

#=!=@ lhNnf :t/Lo of]hgf tyf sfof{Gjogsf]

;'b[l9s/0f / :yfgLo Ifdtfsf] clej[l4

#=@ clgjfo{ nufgL kl/of]hgf÷lzIff ljefusf] Joj:yfkg

$=) z}lIfs pknAwLx? M n}lËs b[li6sf]0faf6 pknAwLsf] b[li6sf]0f

$=! kf7\oqmd k'glg{df{0f tyf d'NofÍg

$=!=! kf7\oqmd tyf kf7\ok':tsx?

$=!=!=!kf7\ok':ts ljt/0f

$=!=!=@lg/Gt/ d'NofÍg

$=@ lzIfs tflnd / k]zfut ;xof]u

$=@=! lg/Gt/ k|lzIf0f / ;xof]u

$=@=@ k|df0fkqd'vL k|lzIf0f

$=# dlxnf lzIfsx?sf] lgo'lQm

$=$ k|fylds ljBfnox?df dlxnf k|=c= x?sf] lgo'lQm

3

%=) kx'Fr / wf/0f Mn}lËs b[li6sf]0faf6 pknAwLx?sf] b[li6sf]0f

%=! ljBfnosf ef}lts ;'ljwfx?

%=@ j}slNks lzIff

%=# jflnsfx?sf] lzIff

%=#=! jflnsfx?sf] nflu kf]if0f 5fqfjf;

%=#=@ 5fqj[lQ sfo{qmd

%=#=# ljBfno kf]iffs

%=#=$ kf}li6s cfxf/ sfo{qmd

%=$ ljz]if÷nlIft ;d'xsf] nflu lzIff

%=% ljz]if lzIff

%=^ k"j{ jfNofj:yf ljsf;

%=& ;d'bfo kl/rfng

%=* ;fIf/tf sfo{qmd

^=) lg:sif{ / l;kmfl/zx?

^=! pknAwLx?

^=@ r'gf}tLx?

^=@=! ljz]if pTk|]/s sfo{qmd

^=@=@ lzIfs k|lzIf0f

^=@=# dlxnf lzIfsx?

^=@=$ lzIffsf] u'0f:t/

^=@=% z}lIfs Joj:yfkgdf ;dtf

^=# l;kmfl/zx?

^=#=! 5f]6f cg';GwfgfTds cWoogx?

^=#=@ ;qj6f efux?sf] ;DjGwdf ul/Psf l;kmfl/x?sf] ;f/f+z

^=$ cf=k|f=lz=k= bf]>f] n}lËs ld>0f jf n}lËs ljefhg

^=% lzIff tyf v]ns'b dGqfno÷lzIff ljefusf] n}lËs cWoog

^=^ k'g/fjnf]sLt n}lËs sfo{c+u

^=& lzIff tyf v]ns'b dGqfno÷lzIff ljefudf

n}lËs Ps?ktf / ;dfgtf

^=&=! d'nk|jfx M z}lIfs ;+:yfx?sf] cGt/;DjGw

^=&=@ kl/jt{gsf ;+oGqx? tyf /0flgltx?

^=&=# P=P;=cfO=kL= @))@–)# sf k|:tfjgfx?

^=&=$ sfo{of]hgfx?

^=* /fhg}lts kl/j]z

;Gbe{ ;'rL

kl/lzi6x?

!= n}lËs cWoogsf ;Gbe{sf ;t{x?

@= /fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o k/fdz{bftfx?sf nflu ;Gbe{ ;t{x?

#= n}lËs cWoog /0flglt / sfo{ tflnsf

$= k/fdz{ lnOPsf JolQmx? tyf ;d'xx? cjnf]sg

ul/Psf ljBfnox?

%= cg';Gwfgsf ;fwgx?

4

^= n}lËs s]Gb|ljGb'÷n}lËs PsfOsf ;DefJo sfo{If]q

&= n}lËs cWoogsf] bf]>f] r/0fsf nflu ;'emfjx?

pkc+zx?

!= n}lËs cWoogsf l;kmfl/zx?

@=

#= gd'gf sfo{ of]hgfx?

!= k|yflds ljBfno ;DjGwL 5fqj[lQ sfo{qmd

@= dlxnf clws[tx?sf nflu ;+wf/0fLotf k|lzIf0f

#= kf7\ok':ts ljt/0f

$= dlxnf lzIfsx?sf] lgo'lQm

%= ;d'bfo kl/rfng

^= kf7\ok':tsx? / kf7\oqmdsf ;DjGwdf n}lËs ;r]tgf

&= ;/f]sf/ ;d'xx?sf nflu n}lËs hfu/0f

*= ljs]Gb|Ls/0f of]hgf k|lqmofdf n}lËs Ps?ktf

(= ljz]if lzIff

5

e"ldsf

cf=k|f=lz=k=–bf]>f]sf] n}lËs cWoogsf] cd'No k|ltj]bg k|:t't ug{ kfpg' d]/f] nflu v'zLsf] s'/f xf] .

of] nfdf] ;dob]lv k|ltIff/t cWoog xf] . of] cWoogsf nflu cf=k|f=lz=k=–bf]>f] ;+o'Qm k'g/fjnf]sg lgof]u

(Mission) gf]e]Da/ @))) n] l;kmfl/z u/]sf] lyof] . o; cWoogn] s]lGb|t u/]sf If]qx?dWo] cf=k|f=lz=k=–

bf]>f]sf ;Dk"0f{ tLgj6f p2]Zosf If]qx? kb{5g\ M kx'Fr tyf lg/Gt/tf, l;sfO{ pknAwL / Ifdtf clej[l4 5g\

.

lzIff ljefu, jflnsfx? tyf dlxnfx?sf] z}lIfs kl/l:yltk|lt ;r]t 5 / k"0f{ ?kdf lrlGtt 5 .

g]kfndf afnsx? tyf aflnsfx?jLrsf] hGdb/ lgs} 7"nf] leGgtf 5 . lzIff tyf v]ns'b dGqfnosf] ;g\

@))) sf] tYofÍ÷ljj/0f cg';f/ jflnsfx?sf] v'b egf{ b/ &$=^Ü / afnsx?sf] v'b egf{ b/ *^Ü b]lvg

cfpF5 . To;} u/L, $@Ü aflnsfx?n] dfq lzIff k"/f u5{g\ eg] o;sf] b/ afnsx?sf] ;Gbe{df ^%Ü b]lvg

cfpF5 . To:t}, aflnsfx? tyf dlxnfx?sf] ;fIf/tf b/ lhNnf cg';f/ **Ü b]lv @@Ü b]lvg cfpF5 .

æhf]d6]g bzsÆ e/L g} g]kfnn] dlxnfx?sf] kx'Frdf ;'wf/ Nofpgsf lgldQ w]/} k|of;x? u/]sf] 5,

h; cGtu{t pTk|]/0ff sfo{qmdx?, dfWoflds lzIff pTk|]/0ff sfo{qmdx? / g]kfnsf k|To]s ljBfnodf slDtdf

klg Ps hgf dlxnf lzIfs x'g} kg]{ lgod cfbL kb5{g\ .

clxn] 8fs/ ;Dd]ngsf] ;j}sf nflu lzIff eGg] k|:tfjx? sfof{Gjog eO/x]sf 5g\ / ;j}sf nflu

lzIff eGg] nIo k|fKtLsf nflu g]kfn k|ltj4 5 . >L % sf] ;/sf/n] æu'0f:t/Lo cfwf/e't lzIffdf

jfnjflnsfx?sf] k"0f{ tyf ;dfg kx'Fr tyf pknAwLsf] ;'lglZrttfsf] nflu s]lGb|t x'Fb} k|fylds tyf

dfWoflds lzIffdf ;g\ @))% leqdf n}lËs c;dfgtfx?nfO{ lgd'{n kfg]{, tyf ;g\ @)!% ;Dddf n}lËs

;dfgtf k|fKtL ug]{Æ lbzfdf x/;Dej k|of;/t /x]sf] 5 .

g]kfn ;/sf/sf] o:tf] k|ltj4tfsf] ;Gbe{df n}lËs cWoog k|ltj]bg Psbd} ;fGble{s tyf ;do

;fk]If 5 . o; k|ltj]bgdf lzIffdf n}lËs Ps?ktf tyf ;dfgtfsf nflu æbz sfo{x?Æ ;lxt cGo ulx/f

ljZn]if0fx? tyf ;fGble{s l;kmfl/zx? ;dfj]z 5g\ . ;Dk"0f{ z}lIfs If]qsf of]hgfljbx? tyf sfof{Gjog ug]{

;+:yfx?n] o;sf l;kmfl/zx?nfO{ l:jsf/ ug]{5g\ / ;f]xL cg'?k nfu' ug]{5g\ eGg] cfzf d}n] /fv]sf] 5' .

cGt/f{li6«o k/fdz{bftfx? >L h'lnP6 DofSofk|mL, rknf sf]O/fnf tyf gLnd j:g]tnfO{ pxfFx?n]

k'¥ofpg'ePsf] cd'No of]ubfgk|lt d}n] lzIff ljefusf] tkm{af6 wGojfb 6qm\ofpg rfxG5' .

n}lËs cWoog ;xfotf ;d'xnfO{ klg wGojfb lbg rfxG5', h;n] cWoog ;d'xnfO{ o;sf] sfof{cjlwdf

;xfotf u¥of] .

cGTodf, o; cWoognfO{ ;xof]u k'¥ofPsf]df o'/f]lkog cfof]u, 8flg8f / o'lg;]kmnfO{ xflb{s wGojfb

lbg rfxG5' .

wGojfb

d] @))@ r'dfg l;+x j:g]t

dxflgb]{zs

lzIff ljefu

6

wGojfb 1fkg

sfof{no kl/;/sf] Joj:yf tyf k|fljlws ;xfotf nufotsf cGo kIfx?df o; ;d'xnfO{

cWoog ;dofjlwel/ k'¥ofPsf] d4t tyf ;xof]usf nflu o; n}lËs cWoog ;d'x, lzIff tyf

v]ns'b dGqfno / lzIff ljefunfO{ wGojfb lbg rfxG5 .

o; ;d'xn] n}lËs cWoog ;xfotf ;d'xdf ;dj]z ePsf lzIff ljefusf] k|fylds lzIff

zfvf, dlxnf lzIff zfvf, o'/f]lkog cfof]u ;dGjo sfof{no, 8flg8f tyf o'lg;]kmsf k|ltlglwx?sf]

lg/Gt/ ;xof]u tyf ;'emfjsf nflu jxfFx?nfO{ wGojfb 6qmfpF5 .

xfdL cfzf ub{5f} ls of] cWoog k|ltj]bgn] lzIffdf n}lËs ;dtfsf] ;'lglZrttf u/L n}lËs

;dfgtfsf] k|lqmofdf of]ubfg k'¥ofpg]5 . o;n] g]kfndf dlxnfx?sf] k|lti7f tyf :yfg psf:g

of]ubfg k'¥ofpg]5 / pgLx?nfO{ cfˆgf ;d'bfox? tyf cfˆgf] b]zsf] ;fdflhs tyf cfly{s ljsf;df

k"0f{ ?kdf ;xefuL x'gsf nflu ;Ifd jgfpF5 .

h'lno6 DofsSofk|mL

gLnd a:g]t

rknf sf]O/fnf

d] @))@

7

;+lIfKt ?kx?

P=l8=la= — PlzofnL ljsf; j}+s

P=P;=cfO=lk= — jflif{s /0fg}lts sfof{Gjog of]hgf

P=8An"=lk= — jflif{s sfo{ of]hgf

lj=lk=O=l8=o"= — cfwf/e't tyf k|fylds lzIff ljsf; PsfO

lj=lk=O=lk= — cfwf/e't tyf k|fylds lzIff kl/of]hgf

l;=P=P;= — lg/Gt/ d'NofÍg k|0ffnL

l;=lj=cf]= — ;d'bfodf cfwfl/t ;+u7g

l;=l8=l;= — kf7\oqmd ljsf; s]Gb|

l;=O=cf/=cfO=l8= — z}lIfs kl/jt{g tyf ljsf; cg';Gwfg s]Gb|

l;=lh= — s]Gb|Lo ;/sf/

l;=cfO=lk= — clgjfo{ nufgL kl/of]hgf

8flg8f -l8=P=Pg=cfO=l8=P=_ — 8]lg; cGt/f{li6«o ljsf; ;xfotf

l8=l8=;L= — lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt

l8=O=;L= — lhNnf lzIff ;ldlt

l8=O=cf]= — lhNnf lzIff sfof{no

l8=O=lk= — lhNnf lzIff of]hgf

l8=Pkm=lk= — 8sf/ sfo{ of]hgf

l8=Pkm=cfO=l8= — cGt/f{li6«o ljsf; ljefu

l8=cf]=O= — lzIff ljefu

O=l;= — o'/f]lkog cfof]u

O=l;=l8= — k"j{ jfNofj:yf ljsf;

O=Pkm=P= — ;j}sf nflu lzIff

O=lh=8An"=Pg= — jflnsf tyf dlxnf lzIff

O=Pd=cfO=P;= — lzIff Joj:yfkg ;'rgf k|0ffnL

Pkm=lh=l8= — s]lGb|t ;d'x 5nkmn

Pkm=cfO=Pg=cf/=l8=P= — cGt/f{li6«o ljsf; ;xof]u ljefu, lkmgNof08

Pkm=cf]=O= — lzIffzf:q ;+sfo

Pkm=jfO — cfly{s jif{

lh=P=P;=lh= — n}lËs cWoog ;xfotf ;d'x

lh=P=6L= — n}lËs cWoog ;d'x

lh=l8=lk= — s'n u|fx:y pTkfbg

lh=O=cf/= — s'n egf{ cg'kft

Pr=Pd=lh= — >L % sf] ;/sf/

Pr=cf/=l8= — dfgj >f]t ljsf;

cfO=P= — ;+:yfut ljZn]if0f

cfO=l8=P= — cGt/f{li6«o ;xof]u ;+:yf÷;+u7g

cfO=Pn=lk= — :yfgLo ;DjGw sfo{qmd

hfOsf -h]=cfO=l;=P=_ — hfkfgLh cGt/f{li6«o ;xof]u ;+:yf

Pn=lh= — :yfgLo ;/sf/

Pn=P;=lk=P= — :yfgLo :jfoQ zf;g P]g

Pd=Pn=Pn= — Go"gtd l;sfO tx

Pd=cf]=O=P;= — lzIff tyf v]ns'b dGqfno

P=df]=Pkm= — cy{ dGqfno

Pd=l6=cf/= — dWofjlw d'NofÍg

Pg=l;=la= — /fli6«o

Pg=l;=O=l8= — z}lIfs ljsf;sf nflu /fli6«o s]Gb|

Pg=O=cf/= — v'b egf{ b/

8

Pg=Pkm=O=l;= — cgf}krfl/s lzIff s]Gb|

Pg=lh=cf]= — u}/;/sf/L ;+:yf

Pg=Pkm=O= — cgf}krfl/s lzIff

Pg=cf]=cf/=P=l8= — gj]{lhog ljsf; ;+:yf

Pg=lk=l;= — /fli6«o of]hgf cfof]u

Pg=cfO=O=lk=P= — z}lIfs of]hgf tyf k|zf;g /fli6«o s]Gb|

cf]=P;=lk= — ljBfno jflx/ sfo{qmd÷kl/of]hgf

lk=P=l6= — sfo{qmd ;'efj ;d'x

lk=O=lj= — kl/of]hgf sfo{sfl/0fL ;ldlt

lk=O=l8=lk= — k|fylds lzIff ljsf; kl/of]hgf

lk=O=lk= — k|fylds lzIff kl/of]hgf

lk=cfO=lk= — kl/of]hgf sfof{Gjog of]hgf

lk=Pd=cfO=P;= — kl/of]hgf Joj:yfkg ;'rgf k|0ffnL

lk=P;=l8= — of]hgf tyf ;xfotf ;d'x

lk=l6=l6=l;= — k|fylds lzIfs tflnd s]Gb|

cf/=l;= — >f]t s]Gb|

cf/=l8=o"= — cg';Gwfg tyf ljsf; OsfO

cf/=O=l8= — If]qLo lzIff lgb]{zgfno

cf/=lk= — >f]t JolQm

P;=O=l8=o"= — dfWolds lzIff ljsf; PsfO

P;=O=l8=lk= — dfWoflds lzIff ljsf; of]hgf

P;=cfO=lk= — ljBfno ;'wf/ of]hgf

P;=Pd=l;= — ljBfno Joj:yf ;ldlt

P;=P;=l8=lk= — dfWoflds lzIff ljsf; of]hgf

l6=P= — k|fljlws ;xfotf

l6=cf]=cf/= — >f]t ;t{x?

l6=lk=cf/= — t]>f] kIf d'NofÍg

l6=P;=P=hL= — k|fljlws ;xfotf ;'emfj ;d'x

l6=o"= — lqe'jg ljZjljBfno

o"=Pg=l8=lk= — ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3 ljsf; sfo{qmd

o"=Pg=cfO=l;=O=Pkm=-u"lg;]km_ — ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3 jfnjflnsfsf]if

o"=lk=O= — ;j{JofkL k|fylds lzIff

le=l8=l;= — ufpF ljsf; ;ldlt

le=O=l;= — ufpF lzIff ;ldlt

le=O=lk= — ufpF lzIff of]hgf

8An"=lj= — ljZj a}+s

8An"=O=lk= — dlxnf lzIff sfo{qmd

8An"=O=P;= — dlxnf lzIff sfo{qmd

lzIff tyf v]ns'b dGqfno, dlxnfx?sf] k|lti7f tyf :yfg psf:g / ;Dk"0f{ afnaflnsfx?nfO{

pgLx?sf] ;Dk|bfo, wd{, ;+:s[lt cyjf eflifs ;Dkbf cyjf c;dy{tfsf] cfwf/df e]befj gu/L

;j{JofkL k|fylds lzIff k|bfg ug{ k|ltj4 5 .

s'g} klg sd{rf/L jl~rt gxf];\ eGgsf nflu /f]huf/Lsf cj;/x?, lgo'lQm, tflnd tyf kbf]GgtL

n}lËs ;dfgtfdf cfwfl/t x'g]5 / v'nf tyf kf/bzL{ x'g]5 .

k|To]s ljefu, >]0fL, zfvf / sfof{Gjog lgsfosf x/]s JolQm -dlxnf tyf k'?if_ pgLx?sf] ;Dk"0f{

sfo{af6 afnaflnsfx? nfeflGjt eP eGg] ;'lglZrttfsf nflu lhDd]jf/ x'G5g\

9

cfwf/e't tyf k|fylds lzIff kl/of]hgf — bf]>f]

sf] n}lËs cWoog

sfo{sfl/0fL ;f/f+z

g]kfnsf dlxnfx?nfO{ /fi6«sf] ;fdflhs ;DklQsf] %)Ü c+zsf] ?kdf l:jsf/ ul/g kb{5 /

lzIffsf] clwsf/, ;fdflhs :yfg, jsfntsf] clwsf/, lg0f{o ug]{ clwsf/, >f]tx?df kx'Fr /

;fdflhs tyf /fhg}lts hutsf] cg'ej cfbL kIfx?df pgLx?sf] :jfldTj x'g'kb{5 .

lzIff ljsf;sf] s8L xf] eGg] s'/f ;j{dfGo 5 tyfkL g]kfnL ;dfhsf cGo kIfx?df h:t}

lzIffdf klg n}lËs c;dfgtf ljBdfg 5 . cfwf/e't tyf k|fylds lzIff kl/of]hgfn] >L % sf]

;/sf/nfO{ lzIff k|0ffnLsf] k|efjsf/Ltf tyf bIftf clej[l4 ug{ / ;j}sf nflu lzIff eGg] p2]Zo,

h;n] 5fq tyf 5fqfx?sf] lzIffdf hf]8 lbPsf] 5, sf] k|fKtLdf d2t ub{5 .

o;} cg'?k, cfwf/e't tyf k|fylds lzIff kl/of]hgfsf] bf]>f] cjlwnfO{ n}lËs

b[li6sf]0faf6÷kIfaf6 ljZn]if0f ug]{ k|of]hgsf lgldQ Pp6f n}lËs cWoog sfo{qmd ;~rfng ul/Psf]

lyof] . pQm kl/If0fdf cf=k|f=lz=k=— bf]>f]sf] ;Dk"0f{ ;kmntf / c;kmntfsf] d"NofÍg t ul/Pg t/

pQm kl/of]hgfdf afns tyf aflnsfx? b'j}sf lgldQ ;dfg ?kdf kmfObfhgs 5 ls 5}g eGg] tYo

kQf nufpgsf lgldQ ;Sbf] k|of; ul/of] .

!_ cfwf/e't tyf k|fylds lzIff kl/of]hgfsf] bf]>f] cjlw ;g\ !((( sf] h'nfO{ dlxgfdf nfu'

ul/ ;g\ @))$ df k"/f ug]{ nIo lglb{i6 ul/Psf] 5 . cf=k|f=lz=k=— klxnf]sf] pkof]uL

kIfx?nfO{ ;dfj]z tyf ;dfof]hg u/L / kl/of]hgfnfO{ lbuf] u/fpgsf lgldQ lzIff tyf

v]ns'b dGqfnosf] lgoldt ;+/rgf cGtu{t ;dfj]z ug]{ p2]Zosf ;fy cf=k|f=lz=k=— bf]>f]

cjlwsf] of]hgf th'{df ul/Psf] lyof] .

@_ g]kfndf ^ jif{ tyf tyf To;eGbf dflysf hgtfsf] ;fIf/tf k|ltzt s]jn %$ 5 . o; dWo]

s]jn ^%Ü k'?ifx? tyf $@=%Ü dlxnfx? dfq ;fIf/ 5g\ eg] ljBfno egf{sf] ;jfndf *^Ü

5fqx? tyf &$=^Ü 5fqfx?sf] v'b egf{ b/ /xL Psftkm{ afns tyf aflnsfx?sf] v'b

egf{b/df c;dfgtf b]lvPsf] 5 eg] b'j}sf] v'b egf{ b/df j[l4 ug'{ cfjZos b]lvG5 . o;/L

afnsx? tyf aflnsfx? b'j}sf] z}lIfs cfjZostfx?sf] k"lt{sf] ;'lglZrt ug'{ cfjZos

b]lvPsf] 5 / oL kIfx?nfO{ o; kl/of]hgfåf/f ;Djf]wg ul/Psf] 5 . ;g\ @))@ sf] rf}yf]

;'kl/j]If0f ;ldlt l;kmfl/; ub{5 ls M

æaflnsfx?nfO{ tyf dlxnfx? k|fylds lzIffdf cem a9L ;xeflu u/fpgsf nflu pko'Qm

/0flgltx? klxrfg ug{sf lgldQ tyf o;sf] Joj:yfkgsf lgldQ kl/of]hgfsf] lj:t[t :j?k

cufl8 /flvPsf] xf] . Æ

#_ cWoogsf nflu sfo{ ;t{x? lzIff ljefusf] dlxnf lzIff zfvfaf6 tof/ kfl/Psf] lyof] /

o;df lzIff tyf v]ns'b dGqfnon] ;g\ @))! sf] ;]K6]Da/ dlxgdfdf ;xdlt hgfPsf] lyof] .

Ps hgf cGt/f{li6«o tyf b'O{ hgf /fli6«o k/fdz{bftfx? lgo'Qm ul/Psf] lyof] / ;g\ @))! sf]

l8;]Dj/ dlxgfdf sfo{ cf/De ul/Psf] of] cWoogsf p2]Zox? lgDglnlvt lyP M

s_ lzIffdf s]6L tyf aflnsfx?sf] kx'Fr tyf k|ltkmndf ;'wf/ ug{sf lgldQ ljBdfg

/0flgltx? tyf ltgLx?sf] sfof{Gjogsf] ljZn]if0f ug'{

v_ ;jn kIfx?, jfWotfx? / sdhf]/Lx?sf] klxrfg ug'{

u_ dWofjlw d"NofÍgnfO{ dWogh/ /fVb} cf=k|f=lz=k=—bf]>f] df ;dfj]z ul/g'kg]{ cem

lj:t[t /0flgltx?sf af/]df ;'emfj lbg' .

10

n}lËs cWoogk"j{ Ps /fli6«o k/fdz{bftfåf/f dWofjlw d"NofÍg ul/Psf] lyof] .

$_ cWoogsf] z'?df d'n'ssf] /fhg}lts kl/l:yt 5fqfx?sf] egf{, z]lIfs lg/Gt/tf / z}lIfs

pknAwLx?sf] clej[l4 b|'t ?kdf ug{sf nflu cg's'n lyof] . g]kfn clw/fHosf] ;+ljwfg,

@)$& df wd{, hft, ju{, lnË / l;4fGtsf] cfwf/df s;}nfO{ klg e]befj gul/g] s'/f pNn]v

ul/Psf] 5 . >L % sf] ;/sf/n] æ;j{JofkL k|fylds lzIffÆ tyf ;g\ !(() df yfOn]08sf]

hf]dt]g (Jomtein) df kfl/t ul/Psf] æ;j}sf nflu lzIffÆ / dlxnfx?sf] cj:yf tyf

:t/df ;'wf/sf nflu cGt/f{li6«o k|:tfjx? h:tf cGt/f{li6«o -k|ltj4tfx?df ;xdlt hgfPsf]

5_ k|ltj4tfx?sf] cg'df]bg u/]sf] 5 . g]kfnsf] bzf}F /fli6«o of]hgfn] 8fs/sf] sfo{of]hgfsf

p2]Zox? ;dfj]z u/]sf] 5 / cf=k|f=lz=k=— bf]>f], gjf}+ of]hgf -!((&–@))@_ df hf]8 lbOPsf]

bL3{sfnLg b[li6sf]0f / pk–If]q ljsf; of]hgf -!(((–@))#_ cGtu{t tof/ ul/Psf] xf] . o;

jfx]s dlxnf lzIffdf d2t ug{sf nflu 5fqj[lQ sfo{qmdx? tyf 5fqfjf; of]hgfx? h:tf

ljlzi6 of]hgfx? s]lx jif{ otf rfn' eO/x]sf 5g\ .

%_ ;/sf/L lgltdf dlxnf lzIffnfO{ dxTjsf ;fy ljz]if :yfg k|bfg ul/Psf] 5 t/ dfcf]jfbLåf/f

;~rflnt clxn]sf] lx+;fn] rfn' /x]sf of]hgf tyf /0flgltx?nfO{ r'gf}lt lbO/x]sf 5g\ .

pgLx?n] lzIff If]qdf / ljz]if u/L cgf}krfl/s lzIffdf b]vfPsf k|ltj4tfsf jfjh'b

lhNnf:t/Lo z}lIfs s]Gb|x?df cfqmd0fx? eO/x]sf 5g\, lzIfsx? lkl6Psf 5g\ / slxn]sfxLF

dfl/Psf klg 5g\ / ljBfnosf uf8Lx? hnfOPsf 5g\ . o:tf] s7Lg kl/l:ytLx?df z}lIfs

k|0ffnLsf lgoldt sfo{qmdx? ;~rfng ug{ Jojwfgx? cfOk/]sf 5g\ . xfdLn] oltv]/ of]

cfzf u/f}F ls lx+;f rfF8} cGTo x'g]5 / ;fdfGo kl/l:yltsf] ;[hgf x'g]5 . oBkL clxn]sf

sl7gfO{x?nfO{ x]nr]s|ofO{F ul/g' x'Fb}g .

^_ cWoogsf] l;nl;nfdf n}lËs cWoog ;d"xn] w]/} cg'';Gwfgsf ljlwx? tyf ;fwgx?sf] k|of]u

u¥of] . o; ;d"xn] n}lËs b[li6sf]0faf6 pkof]uL b:tfj]hx? h:t} M cf=k|f=lz=k=— bf]>f]

sfof{Gjog of]hgf, /fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o lgltut b:tfj]hxx?, lzIff tyf v]ns'b

dGqfnosf] ;+:yfut ljZn]if0f, ;g\ @)))–@))! sf] nflu P=P;=cfO{=kL= (ASIP) sf]

k|:tfjgf, k|fljlws ;d"xsf] k|ltj]bg, ;xof]usf ljj/0fx?, g]kfndf dlxnf lzIff ;DjGwL

clxn];Ddsf kltj]bg tyf k':tsx?sf] ljZn]if0ffTds cWoog u¥of] . o; ;d"xn] ;j} txsf

sd{rf/Lx?;+u ;fdfGo cGtjf{tf{ lnof] / lzIfsx?, Pg=l;=O=8L= (NCED) sf k|lzIfsx?,

>f]t JolQmx?, lzIff ljefu / lhNnf lzIff sfof{nosf dlxnf sd{rf/Lx?, cleefjsx?,

afnaflnsfx? / ljBfno Joj:yfkg ;ldltx?;+u k|fyldstf ;fy ;d"xx?sf ;DjGwdf

5nkmn u¥of] .

of] ;d"xn] k;f{, lrtjg, wg'iff, sfe|] / afFs] u/L kfFr lhNnfx?df :ynut cjnf]sg klg

u¥of] . o; qmddf o; ;d"xn] hDdf hDdL ( j6f k|fylds ljBfnox?sf] cjnf]sg u/]sf]

lyof] h; cGtu{t rf/j6f k|f=lj= x? lyP . o; ;d"xn] lzIfsx? tyf >f]t JolQmx?sf] tflnd

tyf ljBfno ;'wf/ of]hgfsf nflu k|bfg ul/Psf k|lzIf0fx?sf] cjnf]sg u/]sf] lyof] .

&_ of] ;d"xn] cf=k|f=lz=k=bf];|f]sf] tLgj6f d'Vo nIox?—Ifdtf clej[l4, l;sfO{sf pknAwL /

aflnsfx?sf] lzIff l;sfO{sf pknAwL dfkgsf lgldQ lzIffdf pgLx?sf] kxFr tyf lg/Gt/tf,

jfwf tyf cj/f]wx?– cGtu{tsf !& j6f tTjx?sf] k'g/fjnf]sg u¥of] . -v08– #, $ / %_ oL

!& j6f tTjx?nfO{ kfFrj6fdf uflePsf] 5 / of] ;d"x pQm JofVof;+u k"0f{ ?kdf ;xdt 5 .

*_ lzIff tyf v]ns'b dGqfno / lzIff ljefusf] k|of;sf jfjh'b ljBfnox?sf] ef}lts kl/j]z

tyf z}lIfs jftfj/0f bolgo tyf lzIf0fsf nflu cg'ko'Qm lyof] . w]/}h;f] ljBfno Joj:yfkg

;ldltx?sf] u7g ePsf] lyPg / cjnf]sg ul/Psf u|fdL0f ;d'bfox? ejgx?sf] Joj:yf ug{

c;Ifd lyP . cjnf]sg ul/Psf zx/L If]qsf ljBfnox?sf] ejgx? /fd|f lyP eg] ;d'bfosf]

;xeflutf klg lyof] . O6x/L If]qsf ljBfnox?df aflnsfx?sf] egf{b/ /fd|f] kfOof] . ;fy}

ljBfnox? vrfvr lyP eg] u|fdL0f If]qsf ljBfnox?df lzIfsx? tyf afnaflnsfx? b'j}sf]

pkl:ylt Go"g kfOof] . kf7\ok':tsx? tyf z}lIfs ;fdfu|Lx? k|foMh;f] l9n} k'Ug] tyf ljt/0fdf

11

;d:ofx? b]vf k/]tf klg ltgLx? cfsif{s g} kfOP . cleefjsx?nfO{ lzIffsf] dxTj

j'emfpgsf lgldQ lzIffsf] u'0f:t/df dxTjk"0f{ ;'wf/x? ug'{kg]{ cfjZostf b]lvg cfpF5 . of]

tYo blnt ju{sf tyf lgs} sd cfo>f]t x'g] hft / ;+:s[ltsf cfdfjfj'x?sf ;DjGwdf ;To

;fljt x'G5 . h;n] cfˆgf] kl/jf/sf] hLjgofkgdf k|ToIf jf ck|ToIf ?kdf of]ubfg k'¥ofpg ]

cfˆgf jfnjflnsfx?sf lgldQ lzIffdf s]lx k|of;x? ug{ ;Sb}gg \ . o:tf ;d"xx?df

aflnsfx? / ckfË aflnsfx?sf] pkl:ylt ;f]xL ;d"xsf afnsx?sf] eGbf pNn]vgLo ?kdf

Go"g kfOof] .

(_ o; ;d"xn] k|f]T;fxg sfo{qmdx?sf] k'g/fjnf]sg u¥of] . o; ;d"xn] aflnsfx?sf] egf{ tyf

z}lIfs lg/Gt/tfdf ;'wf/ Nofpgsf nflu leGbf leGb} sfo{qmdx?nfO{ j]Un} ?kdf cufl8

a9fpg'eGbf klg k|f]T;fxg ug]{ vfnsf sfo{qmdx?, 5fqj[lQx?, ljleGg cleofgx?sf]

kl/rfng, ef]hg 5fqfjf;sf ;fy} dlxnfx?sf] ;fIf/tf sfo{qmdx?nfO{ ;+o'Qm ?kdf ;~rfng

ug{ pko'Qm x'G5 / ef]hg 5fqfjf; (Feeder Hostels) ;~rfngdf lg/Gt/tf lbg' kb{5 .

!)_ of] ;d"x lzIfs k|lzIf0f sfo{qmdx?af6 k|efljt eof] / o:tf sfo{qmdx?nfO{ lzIfsx?n]

k|z+;f u/]sf] kfOof] t/ sIffsf]7fx?df gofF ljlwx?sf] k|of]u gePsf] klg b]lvof]] . sIff

d'NofÍgx?af6 z}lIfs pknAwLsf] txdf dxTjk"0f{ j[l4 gePsf] b]vfof] / afnsx? tyf

aflnsfx?sf] pknAwLdf ;fdfGo leGgtf b]lvof] .

!!_ o; ;d"xn] ljz]if k|fyldstf k|bfg ul/Psf ;d"xx?df aflnsfx?sf] egf{b/ Go"g kfof] / ckfË

aflnsfx?sf] lzIffdf Wofg gk'u]sf] kfof] . ;j} ;d"xx?sf ;dfhdf s]6f s]6Lx? b'j} ;dflji6

x'G5g\ / ;dfhsf aflnsfx? nfeflGjt geP;dd ;dfh k|efjsf/L x'g ;Sb}g .

!@_ k"j{jfNofj:yf ljsf; sfo{qmd ljBfno pd]/eGbf d'lgsf afnjRrfx?nfO{ ;xof]u ug{, sIff !

af6 @ df k|j]z ug]{ afnaflnsfx?sf] ;+Vofsf] cj:yfdf ;'wf/ ug{ / dflyNnf sIffsf s]6L

tyfaflnsfx?nfO{ efOjlxgLx?sf] x]/rfx ug'{kg]{ sfo{af6 d'Qm u/L pgLx?nfO{ ljBfno

hfgsf nflu ;Ifd jgfpg] p2]Zosf ;fy tof/ kfl/Psf] xf] . ck]Iff ul/P cg';f/ o;

sfo{qmdnfO{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] sfddf ;d'bfox?df ;d:ofx? /x]sf] kfOof] .

!#_ k|To]s k|fylds ljBfnodf slDtdf klg Pshgf dlxnf lzIfsnfO{ /f]huf/ k|bfg ug]{ lglt

sfof{Gjog gul/Psf] kl§ o; ;d'xsf] Wofg cfs[i6 eof] . *))) ljBfnox? clxn];Dd klg

dlxnf lzIfs ljlxg 5g\ . o; ;d'xn] tL kbx? k"lt{ ug{sf nflu ;Ifd / of]Uo dlxnfx?

5}gg\ eGg] ts{nfO{ l:jsf/ ub}{g . sf]k (COPE) kl/of]hgf h:tf cgf}krfl/s lzIff

kl/of]hgfx?n] kof{Kt dfqfdf of]Uo dlxnfx?sf] klxrfg u/]sf 5g\ . dlxnfx?nfO{ lgo'Qm

gul/g'df /fhg}lts / ;f+:s[lts sf/0fx? d'vo ?kdf lhDd]jf/ 5g\ . o; ;DjGwdf xfdLx?n]

s]lx lzIff clwsf/Lx?;+u 5nkmn rnfPsf lyof}F / pgLx? ;a}n] s] ljrf/ /fv]sf] kfOof] eg]

dlxnf lzlIfsfx?sf] ;+Vof j[l4n] -h;sf] ;+Vof clxn] k|f=lj= x?df s]jn @%=#Ü 5 . -lzIff

tyf v]ns'b dGqfno, @)))__ ;j} jfnjflnsfx? / ljz]if ul/ slnnf jfnjflnsfx?nfO{

kmfObf k'¥ofpF5 / cfdfjfj'x?df pgLx?sf jfnjflnsfx?nfO{ ljBfno k7fpgsf lgldQ

cfTdljZjf; k|bfg ub{5 . dlxnf lzIfsx? ;d'bfoleq gd"gf aGg ;S5g\ . vf;u/L sfo{ tyf

kl/rfnssf ?kdf e'ldsf lgjf{x ug{ ;Sb5g\ .

!$_ dlxnf k|lzIfsx? tyf >f]tJolQmx?sf] ;+Vof Hofb} sd /x]sf] kl§ o; ;d"xsf] Wofg s]lGb|t

ePsf] 5 . lhNnfx?df /x]sf Pg=l;=O=l8= (NCED) sf ^# k|lzIfsx?dWo] s]jn tLg hgf

dfq dlxnfx? 5g\ M cf7 ;o lqof;L >f]t JolQmx? dWo] s]jn aofln; hgf -$=&Ü_ dfq

dlxnfx? 5g\ / rf/ ;o ;tf;L -$*&_ lgl/Ifsx?dWo] s]jn 5lAa; hgf -%=#Ü_ dfq

dlxnfx? 5g\ . cGtjf{tf{ lnOPsf ;Dk"0f{ lzIfsx? dlxnf lzIfsx?n] ef]Ug'kg]{ ljz]if

;d:ofx?nfO{ ;xfg'e'ltk"j{s ;Daf]wg ug{sf nflu / lg/LIf0f tyf k|lzIf0fdf dlxnfsf

b[li6sf]0fx? ;dfj]z ug{sf lgldQ dlxnf lg/LIfsx? / k|lzIfsx?sf] cfjZostf kb{5 eGg]

s'/fdf ;xdt eP . o; kIfnfO{ clxn];Dd Wofg glbOPsf] kfOG5 .

!%_ z}lIfs Joj:yfkgdf dlxnfx?sf] ;xeflutf s]jn %=)Ü dfq 5 eg] /fhkqf+lst k|yd >]0fLdf

sf]lx klg dlxnf 5}gg\ . o;/L z}lIfs Joj:yfkgdf dlxnfx? lj/n} ?kdf k|ltlglwTj ub{5g\ .

12

o; kl/k|]Iodf o; ;d'xn] dfr{ @))@ df ;/sf/ tyf bft[kIf jLrsf] ;+o'Qm dWofjlw

k'g/fjnf]sgdf pNn]v ul/Psf] ;+:yfut ljZn]if0f ;DjGwL pknJwL / l;kmfl/;x?sf] ;dy{g

ub{5 M

æ dlxnfx?nfO{ sfof{Gjogstf{x?af6 lgltlgdf{tfx? jgfpgsf nflu lzIff tyf v]ns'b

dGqfnon] dlxnf g]t[Tj ljsf;df k"0f{ k|ltj4 x'g' kb{5 . Æ

æ ;a}sf nflu lzIff Æ eGg] nIo k|fKtLsf nflu lzIff k|0ffnLsf ;Dk"0f{ txx?df dlxnfx?sf

cg'e'ltx?, of]ubfg, l;kx? / 1fgsf] cfjZostf kb{5 .

!^_ lghfdlt ;]jf lgodfjnLsf] egf{, k|lzIf0f tyf kbf]GgtL ;DjGwL Joj:yf / kfl/jfl/s–d}lq sf

/f]huf/Lsf Joj:yf ;DjGwL zt{x?sf] k'g/fjnf]sg ul/g'kb{5 . g]t[Tj, lglt lgdf{0f /

/0flgltx?sf] of]hgfdf dlxnfx?sf] l;k ljsf;sf lgldQ k|lzIf0f k|bfg ul/g' kb{5 eGg] of]

;d'x l;kmfl/; ub{5 .

!&_ o; k|l/If0f ;d"xn] kQf nufPsf] d'Vo s'/f s] xf] eg] jfnjflnsfx? tyf dlxnfx?sf] lzIffdf

k|ltj4tfsf jfjh'b sfo{qmd k'?if s]lb|t 5 / o; sfo{qmdn] dlxnfx? tyf jfnjflnsfx?;+u

;DjlGwt s]lx d'Vo ;d:ofx?nfO{ ;d]6]sf] 5}g . jflnsfx?nfO{ k|f]T;fxg ug]{ vfnsf s]lx

sfo{qmdx? cToGt} /fd|f 5g\ . lk5l8Psf / cNk;+Vosx?nfO{ s]lGb|t ub}{ jflnsfx?sf]

lzIffnfO{ Pp6f ljz]if c+zsf] ?kdf :yflkt ul/Psf] 5 . ljBfno pd]/sf] hg;+VofdWo] %)Ü

jflnsfx? 5g\ / pgLx?sf ;fy;fy} jfnsx? klg sfo{qmdsf] s]Gb|df /xg'kb{5 .

!*_ jflnsfx?nfO{ afnsx? ;/x ;Ifd jgfpgsf nflu ljz]if kl/of]hgfx?sf] th'{df ug{sf nflu

cf=k|f=lz=k=bf];|f]sf] ;+/rgf tof/ kfl/Psf] xf] . dlxnf tyf aflnsfx?n] ;dfhsf lglh tyf

;fj{hlgs If]qx?df k'?if ;/x cfˆgf] clwsf/k'0f{ pkl:ylt bzf{pg eGgsf nflu æ n}lËs

;dtf tyf ;zlQms/0f gd'gf Æ eGbf æ ljsf; sNof0fsf gd'gfdf dlxnfx? Æ eGg]

kl/of]hgf ;~rfng ul/Psf] 5 . >L % sf] ;/sf/ aflnsfx?nfO{ lzIff k|bfg ug{ k"0f{ k|ltj4

5 t/ ;dfh tyf /fi6«sf] ljsf;df dlxnfx?sf] ;xeflutfsf nflu ckgfpg] ljleGg

/0flgltx?dWo] lzIff k|bfg ul/g'nfO{ Pp6f dflgg' kg]{df o;nfO{ PSnf] ?kdf cufl8 a9fOPsf]

5 . z}lIfs Joj:yfkgsf dflyNnf÷pRr txdf tyf lg0f{o / lglt lgdf{0f txdf dlxnfx?sf]

go"g ;xeflutf o;sf] Pp6f pbfx/0f xf] .

!(_ o; cWoog 6f]nLn] cf=k|f=lz=k=— bf]>f] nfO{ lgs} xb;Dd n}lËs ?kdf t6:y kfof] . sltko

p2]Zox? / lgltx? slxn]sfxLF n}lËs cfwf/df to ul/Psf eP tfkklg aflnsfx?sf nflu

tof/ ul/Psf ljlzi6 sfo{qmdx? jfx]s o;sf /0flgltx? ;fdfGotof n}lËs kIfnfO{

d"nk|jfxdf ;dfj]z ug{ hf]8 lbO/x]sf] kl/k|]Iodf of] sfo{ lg/fzfhgs 5 . s]xL p2]Zox? tyf

nIox? n}lËs cfwf/df ljlzi6Ls/0f ul/Psf 5g\ eg] w]/}h;f] tYofÍsf ljj/0fx? clxn];Dd

klg n}lËs ?kdf ljeflht 5}gg\ . slxn]sfxLF afnsx? tyf aflnsfx?n] k|fKt u/]sf

pknAwLx?sf] d'NofÍg ug{ ;fx|} sl7gfO{ pTkGg x'G5. pbfx/0fsf nflu k|lzIf0f k|bfg ul/Psf

dlxnf tyf k'?if lzIfsx?sf] ;+Vof leGg ?kdf lbOPsf] 5}g, g t k"j{ jfNofj:yf ljsf;

kl/of]hgfsf afnaflnsfx?sf] lnË g} 5'6\ofOPsf] 5 .

@)_ lzIfs, sd{rf/L / afnaflnsfx?nfO{ hgfpg] ;DjGwdf cf=k|f=lz=k=—bf]>f]sf] kl/of]hgf

sfof{Gjog of]hgfsf] (PIP) efiff ljz]if ul/ n}lËs ?kdf t6:y 5 . c+u|]hLdf oL zAbx?

;j}sf nflu b'j} lnËdf k|of]u x'g] ub{5g\ M Jojxf/df ljz]if >f]t / ;Djf]wgx? glbOPsf

;Gbe{df dlxnfx?k|lt k|fo h;f] Wofg lbOPsf] kfOFb}g . o;sf nflu cg'jfb ug]{ a]nfdf ljz]if

Wofg k'¥ofpg' kb{5 . n}lËs k"jf{u|x bzf{pg] efiff k|of]u ePsf pbfx/0fx? xfdL k|z:t} e]6\b5f}+

. æk|wfgfWofksÆ / ælzIfs k|lzIfsÆ h:tf zAbx?n] k'lnËnfO{ hgfpF5 . b'ef{Uoj; ;g\

@))@ sf] nflu AWP P=8Jn'=kL=df oxL efiffnfO{ b'?:t ptfl/Psf] 5 .

@!_ afnsflnsfx?nfO{ k|f]T;fxg ul/g] kl/of]hgfx? Pp6f leGb} zfvfaf6 ;~rfng ul/Psf] 5,

ef}lts tyf j}rfl/s ?kaf6 lzIff ljefusf] ejgaf6 leGg ul/Psf] 5 / o;sf] d"n

13

sfo{qmdaf6 leGg ul/Psf] 5 . t;y{ ljefu tyf zfvfx? 5fqfx?sf] cfjZostfx?sf] Wofg

lbg'kg]{ sfo{af6 d'Qm 5g\ / dlxnfx?sf lgldQ ljz]if sfo{qmdx? dlxnf lzIff zfvfaf6 ;~rflnt 5g\ .

@@_ n}lËs ;dfgtf k|fKtLsf nflu ;g\ @))@ clk|nsf] Pd l6 cf/ (MTR) df p4[t ul/Psf]

k|fljlws ;d"xsf] ;g\ @))!, gf]e]Da/sf] k|:tfjgf cg';f/ dlxnf lzIff zfvfsf] e"ldsf /

sfo{If]q tf]lsg' kb{5 eGg] k|:tfj of] ;d"x /fVb5 M

æ lzIff ljefusf] pQ/bfloTjnfO{ lhNnf txsf sfo{qmdx?sf] of]hgf, Joj:yfkg, sof{Gjog /

lg/LIf0f ug]{ sfo{af6 lglt lgb]{zg ug]{, /0flgltx?sf] to ug]{, dfkgsf ljlzi6Ls/0fx? tof/

ug]{, ;xfotf lqmofsnfkx?sf] of]hgf ug]{ / k|ltkmnsf] lg/LIf0f ug]{ sfo{df :yfgfGt/0f ug]{ .

Æ

dlxnf lzIff zfvf k|fylds lzIff zfvf ljefusf] Pp6f zfvf ePsf]n] n}lËs ;dtfsf] k|j4{g

tyf sfof{Gjog ug{sf nflu o;n] klg To:t} e"ldsf lgjf{x ug'{kb{5 .

o;sf] -dlxnf lzIff zfvf_ lj:tfl/t sfo{If]q / n}lËs PsLs[t /0flgltsf nflu o;sf] gfd

kl/jt{g ug'{ ;fGble{s x'G5 – h:t} n}lËs PsfO (Gender Unit) cyjf n}lËs s]Gb|ljGb'

(Gender Focal Point),n}lËs s]Gb|ljGb' jf PsfOx?nfO{ sfo{;Dkfbgsf lgldQ kof{Kt

dfgjLo, cfly{s tyf ef}lts >f]tx? pknAw u/fOg' kb{5 .

k|:tfj ul/Psf] kl/jlt{t e"ldsfnfO{ d'Vo ?kdf lnP/ of] k'g{;+/rgfnfO{ cfTd;ft ug{sf nflu

lzIff ljefunfO{ ;'emfj / ;Nnfxsf] cfjZostf kg{ ;Sb5 .

@#_ k|ltj]bgdf Ifdtf clej[l4, l;sfO{ pknAwL / kx'Fr tyf z}lIfs lg/Gt/tf, tLg If]qsf !&

efux?nfO{ cufl8 a9fpgsf lgldQ ;'emfjx? lbOPsf 5g\ . o;nfO{ tn ;f/f+zsf] ?kdf

lbOPsf] 5 . oL ;'emfjx? hgj/L @))@ sf] n}lËs cwoog ;d"x cf=k|f=lz=k=— bf]>f] df

n}lËs Pstf, P=P;=cfO=lk= sf] nflu k|ltj]bgx? -efu @_ / dfr{ !$, @))@ df cfof]lht

;/f]sf/ jfnfsf] uf]i7Lsf ;'emfjx? ;d]tnfO{ ;dflji6 ul/Psf] 5 .

Ifdtf clej[l4 (Capacity Building)

!_ dlxnf lzIff zfvfsf] e"ldsf tyf sfo{IfqnfO{ sfof{Gjogsf] txaf6 lglt lgdf{0f ug]{

sfo{, ;'emfj, lg/LIf0f / d'NofÍgsf sfo{x?df s]lGb|t /xg] u/L :yfgfGt/0f ug]{ . o;f]

ubf{ o;sf] gfd kl/jt{g ul/ æn}lËs PsfOÆ jf æn}lËs s]Gb|ljGb'Æ /fVg] .

@_ lzIff ljefu tyf lzIff tyf v]ns'b dGqfno cGtu{tsf ;Dk"0f{ ljefux?, >]0fLx? /

zfvfx?df n}lËs ;dfgtf -Pstf_ sfod ug]{ . k|To]s JolQm pgLx?sf sfo{x?af6

afns tyf aflnsfx?n] pknAwL lng] ;S5g\ eGg] s'/fsf] ;'lglZrttfsf nflu

lhDd]jf/ x'g' kb{5 .

#_ n}lËs tyf /0flglts of]hgfsf nflu dlxnf tyf k'?if sd{rf/LnfO{ k|lzIf0f k|bfg ug'{

/ z}lIfs Joj:yfkg / k|zf;gdf n}lËs ;dtf k|fKtLsf nflu dlxnf sd{rf/Lx?nfO{

k]zfut Ifdtf ljsf;sf cj;/x? pknAw u/fpg' .

$_ dlxnf sd{rf/Lx?sf] egf{sf nflu ;xof]u k'¥ofpg lghfdlt ;]jf lgodfjnL / lgo'lQm

k|lqmofsf] k'g/fjnf]sg ug]{ / dlxnf tyf k'?if b'j}nfO{ kmfObf k'¥ofpgsf lgldQ

kfl/jfl/s d}qL lgltx? k|sfzdf Nofpg' .

%_ ljs]lGb|s/0f k|lqmofdf n}lËs Pstf sfod ug]{ .

14

l;sfO{ pknAwLx? (Learning Outcomes) !_ k|fylds ljBfnox?df dlxnf lzIfsx? /fVg] lgltsf] sfof{Gjog ug]{ / dlxnf

k|wfgfWofksx?sf] lgo'lQm ug]{ .

@_ dlxnf tyf k'?if Joj;flos tyf k|fljlws sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ n}lËs ;r]tgfsf ;DjGwdf

tflnd k|bfg ug'{ / dlxnf sd{rf/LnfO{ Joj;flos ljsf; ug]{ k|lzIf0fx? lbg] .

#_ k|fylds lzIffdf n}lËs ;r]tgf / hfu/0fsf] ;DaGwdf lzIfs tflndsf nflu PsfO

tyf zLif{sx?sf] ljsf; ug'{ .

$_ dlxnf k|lzIfsx? tyf >f]t JolQmx? egf{ ug'{ .

%_ k|fylds ljBfnox?df dlxnf k|wfgfWofksx? 5gf]6 ug'{ .

^_ lg/Gt/ d'NofÍgnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbg' .

kx'Fr tyf z}lIfs lg/Gt/tf

!_ k|f]T;fxg ug]{ vfnsf kl/of]hgfx? ;~rfng ug]{ / ef]hg 5fqfjf; / 5fqj[lQ

sfo{qmdx?sf] k'g/fjnf]sg ug'{

@_ afnsx? tyf aflnsfx?sf nflu k|bfg ul/Psf ljz]if lzIff kl/of]hgfx?sf k|efjsf

;DjGwdf 5'§f5'§} tYofÍx? ;+sng ug'{

#_ ljBfnosf 5fqfx? tyf dlxnf lzIfsx?sf cfjZostfnfO{ dWogh/ /fVb} ef}lts

;'ljwfx? ;'wf/ ug'{ . sIff sf]7fsf] jftfj/0f, kfgL / zf}rfnosf] ;'ljwf / cfjZos

kvf{nsf] lgdf{0f h:tf kIfx?df ljz]if Wofg lbg' .

$_ ;d'bfo kl/rfng kl/of]hgfx?nfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbg'

%_ dlxnf ;fIf/tf kl/of]hgfsf] k'g/fjnf]sg ug'{

@$= d'Vo l;kmfl/; eg]sf] g} dlxnf lzIffnfO{ kl/of]hgfsf] kl/lwdf dfq l;ldt gu/L s]Gb|ljGb'sf

?kdf lnOg' kb{5 eGg] g} xf] . o;sf] k|fKtLsf nflu >L % sf] ;/sf/ / cf=k|f=lz=k= bf];|f] n]

lgDglnlvt s'/fdf Wofg lbg' kb{5 .

@%_ lnËsf cfwf/df lk5l8Psf -n}lËs_ ;d'xnfO{ cufl8 a9fO{ d"n k|jfxdf Nofpgsf nflu lgDg

bz j'Fb] Jojxfl/s lqmofsnfkx? k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 M

bz sfo{x?

lzIffdf n}lËs Pstf / d"nk|jfx sfod /fVg ug'{kg]{ bzj6f sfo{x? M—

!= lzIff tyf v]ns'g dGqfno / lzIff ljefu Pd=cf]=O=P;÷l8=cf]=O= sf] nflu Pp6f n}lËs

lgltsf] ljsf;, ;xdlt / lj:tf/ ug]{ .

@= sfof{Gjog b]lv of]hgf tx;Dd lglt tyf d'NofÍgx?nfO{ dlxnf lzIff zfvfaf6 n}lËs OsfO

cyjf n}lËs s]Gb|ljGb'df ;dfj]z u/fO{ l;kmfl/; ul/P cg';f/ lzIff ljefudf :yfgfGt/0f

u/fO{ dlxnfx?sf] k|efj If]qnfO{ k"0f{ JofVof ug'{ .

#= ;j} ljefu, tx, If]q / lzIf0f ;+:yfx?df n}lËs Psfsf/ ug]{ .

$= ljlzi6 n}lËs s]lGb|t nIox? / p2]Zox? tof/ ug]{ / lg/LIf0f / sfo{ ;Dkfbg ;'rfÍx? klg

;f]xL nIo cg';f/sf] jgfO{ ;'lglZrt ug]{ .

%= ;Dk"0f{ tYox?sf] n}lËs ljefhg ug]{ .

^= dlxnf lzIfssf lgltx?sf] sfof{Gjog ug]{ .

&= kfFr jif{ leqdf x/]s txdf dlxnf Joj:yfksx?÷k|aGwsx?sf] ;+Vof a9fO #) k|ltzt ;Dd

k'¥ofpg] .

*= klt jf kTgL / cleefjssf] kmfObfsf] nflu ækfl/jfl/s ldqtfÆ jgfO{ lghfdtL ;]jf ;DjGwL

lzIffsf ;j} kIfx?df n}lËs Pstf sfod ug]{ tf ls x/]s ljefu, tx, zfvf / sfof{Gjog

lgsfosf k|To]s dlxnf tyf k'?if pgLx?sf ;Dk"0f{ sfo{x?af6 5fqfx? tyf 5fqx?n]

kmfObf lng ;s] eg] ;'lglZrttfsf nflu pQ/bfoL xf]pg\ .

15

lgodx?sf] ;+zf]wg ug]{ .

(= n}lËs b[li6sf]0fn] ;dfg e"ldsf k|:t't ug]{ / ;Dk"0f{ z}lIfs ;fdfu|Lx? k"jf{u|xo'Qm 5g\ eGg]

;'lglZrt ug]{ .

!)=;Dk"0f{ tflndx?df n}lËs d'2fx?nfO{ ;dfj]z ug]{ .

@^= n}lËstfnfO{ ljefu / k|fylds lzIff zfvdf k|j]z u/fpg, n}lËs c;dfgtfnfO{ Go"g u/fpg /

æ;a}sf nflu lzIffÆ sf] pknlAw xfl;n ug{sf nflu s]xL cfwf/e"t sbdx? rfNg' cfjZos 5

. n}lËs n]vfhf]vf sfo{ ;d"x (Gender Audit Task Group), lzIff tyf v]ns"b dGqfno÷lzIff

ljefudf k|To]s zfvfsf al/i7 k|ltlglwx? ;dfj]z ePsf] / /fhkqflÍt k|yd >]0fLsf] clws[tn]

cWoIftf u/]sf Pp6f n}lËs sfo{ ;d"x u7g ug{ k|:tfj ub{5 . o; ;d"xn] n}lËs gLlt lgdf{0f,

dlxnf lzIff zfvfsf] ;dLIff / n}lËs OsfO{ cyjf n}lËs s]Gb| (Gender Focal Point) sf]

:yfkgf tyf sd{rf/L lgo'lQm, tflnd / kbf]Gglt k|s[of h:tf If]qx?sf] kl/jt{gsf nflu

sfo{;"rL tof/ ug]{5 .

@&= k|fylds lzIff zfvfdf & j6f ljz]if sfo{x?sf] lhDd]jf/L ;DxfNg] u/L Pp6f n}lËs sfo{

;d"xsf] u7g ug{ k|:tfj ul/G5 . n}lËs n]vfhf]vf sfo{ ;d"xx? (Gender Audit Task Group)

nfO{ n}lËs d"NofÍgn] k|:t't u/]sf l;kmfl/zx?nfO{ cl3 a9fpg sfo{ ;Dkfbg ug]{ lhDd]jf/L

lbg k|:tfj ul/G5 . o;f] ubf{ ASIP k|:tfj -cg';"lr @_ / gd"gf sfo{ of]hgfx? -cg';"lr @_ df

pNn]lvt ljj/0fnfO{ cfwf/ dfGg' kg]{5 .

@*= n}lËs OsfO{÷n}lËs s]Gb| / n}lËs lhDd]jf/L axg ug{ v6fOPsf sd{rf/Lx?n] k|To]s zfvfdf

k]zfut ;xof]u pknAw u/fpg] 5g\ .

@(= n}lËs n]vfhf]vfsf] k|yd r/0f k'/f ePsf] 5 . 5f]6f] cg';GwfgfTds cWoogx?df cfwfl/t bf];|f]

r/0fsf] sNkgf ul/Psf] lyof] . n}lËs n]vfhf]vf ;d"xn] cfkm\gf] ;dLIffdf o:tf cg';Gwfg

klxn] g} k|z:t eO;s]sf / w]/} ;d:ofx?sf] 1ft klxn] g} eO;s]sf] kfPsf] 5 . To;}n] of]

;d"x cf=k|f=lz=k=bf];|f]n] sfo{d"ns cg';Gwfg ug'{kg]{ l;kmfl/z ub{5, h;n] gLlt tyf Jojxf/df

k|ToIf k|efj kfg]{5 .

#)= ;'wf/sf] k|d'v r'gf}lt eg]sf] sfof{Gjog kIf g} xf] . /fhgLlts OR5f zlQmnfO{ /fd|f];Fu

clen]vLs/0f ul/Psf] 5 / lzIff ljefusf dlxnf tyf k'?if, sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog ug]{ ;+:yfx?

/ dlxnfsf] ;+hfnx? cg';Gwfgsf glthf tyf l;kmfl/zx? sfof{Gjog gePaf6 lg/fz 5g\ .

n}lËs n]vfhf]vf sfo{ ;d"xn] Pp6f cu|ufdL ;Nnfx lbPsf] 5 .h; cg';f/ of] ;d"x n}lËs

n]vfhf]vfsf] bf];|f] r/0fsf] sfo{ If]q cGtu{t lzIff ljefunfO{ sfo{qmd sfo{fGjog k|0ffnLsf]

ljsf; ug]{ sfo{df ;xof]u ug{ s]Gb|Lt xf];\ eGg] k|:tfj ub{5 .

rknf sf]O/fnf

lgnd a:g]t

h'lnP6 Dofqmkm]/L

d] @))@

16

cfwf/e"t tyf k|fylds lzIff kl/of]hgfsf] n}lËs cWoog

!=! kl/ro

of] k|ltj]bgdf bf];|f] cfwf/e"t tyf k|fylds lzIff kl/of]hgfsf] n}lËs b[li6sf]0faf6 ;dLIff

ul/Psf] 5 . cf=k|f=lz=k=–bf];|f]sf] ;du| ;kmntf of c;kmntfsf] n]vfhf]vf ug'{ o;]sf] d"n p2]Zo

xf]Og, t/ n}lËs b[li6sf]0faf6 kl/of]hgfsf] n]vfhf]vfn] of] kl/of]hgf s]6f jf s]6L dlxnf b'j}

;d"xnfO{ nfek|b 5 jf 5}g / o;n] c+lusf/ u/]sf gLlt / /0fgLltx?n] aflnsfx?sf] lzIffdf

b]lvPsf c8\rgx?nfO{ k|efjsf/L ?kdf p7fp5g\ jf p7fpb}gg\ eg] h:tf ljifox?sf] n]vfhf]vf

rflx u/]sf] 5 . n}lËs n]vfhf]vf s]6L s]6f b'j} lnË ;d"xx?nfO{ ;dfg nfe k'uf];\ eGg] rfxG5

tfklg ;j{;'ne k|fylds lzIff ljsf; ug{ rfxg] w]/} b]zsf ;f:s[lts kl/j]zn] s]6Lx? eGbf

s]6fx?nfO{ a9L z}lIfs nfe k'¥ofPsf] kfOG5 . ljBfno egf{, z}lIfs lg/Gt/tf / pknlAw h:tf

If]qx?df s]6L / s]6fx? aLrdf b]lvPsf c;dfgtfnfO{ Go"g ug'{ g]kfn nufot w]/} b]zx?sf] Pp6f

k|d'v Wo]o xf] . ;g\ !(() df yfONof08sf] hf]d6]gdf ul/Psf] æ;a}sf] nflu lzIffÆ eGg] 3f]if0ff

kZrft k'g lt b]zsf k|ltlglwx? ljutdf s] slt k|ult eof] eGg] s'/fsf] n]vfhf]vf ug{sf nflu

clk|n @))) df ;]gundf Pp6f lzIff ;DaGwL uf]i7Lsf] cfof]hgfdf efu lnP. 8sf/df ePsf]

;xdlt cg';f/sf] sfo{of]hgf (Framework for Action) df n}lËs c;dfgtfsf] cGt ug{ cem a9L

sfd ul/g'kg]{ pNn]v ul/of] . ;fy} tn pNn]lvt ljifodf cem a9L Wofg lbg] s'/fdf hf]8 lbof] .

æ;g\ @))% ;Dddf k|fylds / dfWolds lzIffdf n}lËs c;dfgtfx?nfO{ cGTo ug]{ / ;g\ @)!%

;Dddf dlxnfx?nfO{ cfwf/e't lzIffdf ;dfg kx'Fr / pknlAwk"0f{ dfWodaf6 lzIffdf n}lËs

;dfgtf xfl;n ug]{Æ

>L % sf] ;/sf/n] o; k|lta4tfdf x:tfIf/ u/]sf] lyof] . gjf} lzIff of]hgfn] o; ;Demf}tfsf]

cnfjf n}lËs ;dfgtf nufot w]/} l;4fGtx? ;dfj]z u/]sf] 5 .

!=! cfly{s, ;fdflhs, ;f:s[lts / /fhgLlts e"ldsf

aflnsfx?s] lzIff Pp6f lglZrt cfly{s, ;fdflhs / /fhgLlts kl/j]zdf x'g] u5{ . g]kfndf

dlxnfx?sf] :t/ / cj:yfnfO{ ;+;f/sf w]/} d'n'sx?;Fu t'ngf t ug{ ;lsG5, t/ w]/} ;fldKo /

r'gf}tLx? ;dfg x'Fbf x'Fb} klg k|To]s b]zsf cfkm\g} ljlzi6 kl/l:ylt 5g\ . dlxnfx?sf] :t/ /

cj:yfnfO{ oxL ljlzi6 cfly{s, ;f:s[lts / ;fdflhs jftfj/0fleq /xL cufl8 a9fpg'kg]{ x'G5 .

!=!=! g]kfn ljZjdf pRr lzv/x?sf] b]zsf] ?kdf ;'kl/lrt 5 kmnt ;fdfGo cj:yfdf ko{6g

Pp6f km:6fpFbf] pBf]u x'g;S5, t/ csf]{tkm{ kxf8L e"–jgf]6 b]zsf] ;fdflhs / cfly{s

ljsf;sf] af6f]df r'gf}tLsf] ?kdf v8f ePsf] 5 . jf:tjdf g]kfn ljZjsf lgw{gtd d'n'x?

dWo]sf] Pp6f xf] . /fli6«o of]hgf cfof]usf] cg'dfgdf $@ Ü g]kfnL hgtf k"0f{ ul/aLsf]

cj:yfdf afFlr/x]sf 5g\ / xfn;fnsf k|ltj]bgx?n] %) nfv hgtf vfBfGg ;d:ofaf6 u|l;t

5g\ elgPsf] 5 . sl/a ()Ü ul/a hgtf u|fdL0f If]qdf j;f]jf; ub{5g\ / klZrdL If]qx?df

17

;a}eGbf a9L ul/aL b]lvG5 . dlxnfsf] ;|f]tx?df kx'Fr k'?ifx?sf] eGbf sd 5 . cf7f}+ of]hgfn]

-!((@–!((&_ jf:tljs s'n u|fx{:y pTkfbg jflif{s %=!Ü n] a[l4 ug]{ nIo /fv]]sf] lyof] .

w]/} ptf/r9fj x'Fb.xF'b} klg $=&Ü j[l4b/ eg] xfl;n eof] f tyflk hg;Vof j[l4n] of] j[l4sf

k|efjnfO{ Go"g kfg{ k'Uof], h;n] ubf{ k|ltAolQm cfodf yf]/} dfq j[l4 x'g k'Uof] kmnt of] jflif{s

sl/a @!) cd]l/sL 8n/ ePsf] cg'dfg ul/G5 . gjf} of]hgfsf] cjlwdf hg;+Vof j[l4b/ ;g\

!((! sf] hgu0fgfdf cg'dfg ul/P eGbf @=#^Ü n] a9L ePsf] cg'dfg ul/Psf] 5 oxL

;dodf o'jfx?sf] 7"nf] ;+Vof sfdsf nflu g]kfnaflx/ vf;u/L vf8L d'n'sx?df hfg] qmd

a9]sf] 5 .

!=!=@ ;fIf/tfsf] :t/ dfgj ljsf;sf] k|d'v ;"rs xf] . g]kfndf dfgj ljsf;sf] cj:yf Go"g 5 .

hLjg ofkg, 1fg / :jf:Yo If]qx?sf] :t/ dfkg ug]{ dfgj ljsf;sf] ;"rfÍ g]kfndf )=#&*

5 . ;g\ !((! sf] hgu0fgf cg';f/ ^ jif{ dflysf] ;du| hg;+Vofsf] ;fIf/tf b/ $)Ü lyof]

/ o;df dlxnf ;fIf/tf @%Ü dfq /x]sf] lyof] . s'n k|f}9 ;fIf/tf b/ $)Ü lyof] eg] dlxnf

k|f}9 ;fIf/tf b/ !*Ü /x]sf] lyof] . o;n] s] b]vfpF5 eg] olb g]kfnL hgtfnfO{ @! cf}+

ztflAbsf r'gf}tLx? ;fdgf ug{ tof/ ug]{ xf] eg] 7"n} k|of;x? ug'{kg]{ x'G5 . ;g\ !(() sf]

bzsdf dxTjk"0f{ k|ult xfl;n ePsf] 5, t/ ^ jif{ dflysf k'?ifsf] ^%Ü / dlxnfsf] $@=%Ü

n] ;fIf/tf b/df j[l4 x'Fbfx'Fb} klg oL b'O{ ;d"xx? aLrsf] n}lËs cGt/ eg]] gu0o ?kdf dfq

Go"g ePsf] 5 . ;Dk"0f{ z}lIfs ;+:yf / txx¿df b]lvPsf :jo+ egf{ ;+Vofn] dlxnf / k'?if

jLr 7'n} n}lËs c;dfgtf /x]sf] OlËut ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . ;g\ @))% ;Dddf n}lËs

c;dfgtfnfO{ lgd"{n ug]{ nIo k|fKt ug{ emg sl7g x'g]5 .

k'?if dlxnf

;fIf/tf b/ -^ jif{ eGbf dflysf] pd]/ ;d"x ^%Ü $@=%Ü

k|fylds txdf :jo+ egf{ b/ *^Ü &$=^Ü

lgDg dfWolds txdf :jo+ egf{ b/ #*=^Ü @&=(Ü

dfWolds txdf :jo+ egf{ b/ @$=!Ü !^Ü

k|fylds txsf] :jo+ egf{ b/df b]lvPsf] n}lËs cGt/ s]xL dfqfdf 36]sf] 5 . lgDg dfWolds

txdf b'j} lnËsf] egf{ ;+Vof Psbd} Go"g 5 / n}lËs cGt/ !)Ü 5 . dfWolds txdf 5fq

tyf 5fqfx? b'j} ;d"xsf] egf{df Jojxfl/s ?kn] cGt/ cfPsf] 5}g, t/ 5fqx?sf] egf{ s]xL

36]sf] 5 . o;sf] kl/0ffd :j?k yf]/} dfq 5fq cyjf 5fqfx?n] lzIfs ljz]ifu/L dfWolds

txsf] lzIfs aGg] kof{Kt lzIff k|fKt ug]{ 5g\ . of] s'/fdf Wofg lbg} k5{ ls b]zsf] ljleGg

efux?df leGg ;fIf/tf b/x? 5g\ . ef}uf]lns cj:yf km/s km/s 5g\ / kxf8L If]qx?df

;Dk"0f{ ;]jfsf] kx'Fr k'Ug s7Lg 5 . t/ kxf8L e"–jgf]6 dfq lg0ff{os ljifo xf]Og . t/fO{

If]qdf egf{ b/ sd 5 / lzIffdf kx'Fr ;lhnf] 5 . ;f:s[lts / wfld{s tTjx? egf{, z}lIfs

lg/Gt/tf / pknlAw If]qx?df lg0ff{os tTjx? x'g\ .

!=!=# g]kfndf dlxnfx?sf] cj:yf / :t/ Go"g 5 . g]kfndf dft[ d[To"b/ k|lt !,))),)) df $&%

x'g' Pp6f cToGt} b'vbfoL tYofÍ xf] .

dlxnf ;f+;bx?n] k|ltlglw ;ef ;b:o;+Vofsf]] $=%Ü dfq k|ltlglwTj ub{5g\, t/ d+qL tyf

;xfos d+qL:t/df dlxnfx? 5Fb} 5}gg eGbf x'G5 . ()Ü dlxnfx? cy{tGqsf] k|d'v If]q

/x]sf] s[lif If]qdf ;+nUg 5g\ . pgLx? s"n 3/fo;L cfDbfgLsf] %)Ü cfh{g u5{g\ . t/fO{

If]qsf] sltko efux?df dlxnfsf] :t/ ;a}eGbf Go"g 5 . k"jL{ g]kfnsf ltDatL ad{g kxf8L

;d'bfox?sf dlxnfx?sf] :t/ s]xL dfly 5 .

18

lxGb" wd{ g]kfnsf] k|d'v wd{ xf] . s"n hg;+Vofsf] !)=&$Ü hgtf a'4 wd{, $=@Ü d':lnd,

#=^Ü ls/fFt / )=$%Ü lqmlZrog wd{ dfG5g\ . wfld{s ljZjf; / ;+f:s[lts k/Dk/fx? k|foM

h]lnPsf 5g\, t/ ;a} k|d'v wd{x?n] dlxnf eGbf k'?ifnfO{ pRr :yfgdf /fVb5g\ / ;a}sf cf

cfkmg} / jGwgx? 5g\ . ;+;f/sf w]/} b]zx?df b]lvP em} g]kfndf klg k/Dk/f / ?9LjfbL

ljZjf; / Aojxf/n] dlxnf / tNnf] hftsf dflg;x?nfO{ lzIffaf6 al~rt u/]sf] 5 . g]kfn

clxn] klg Pp6f s7f]/ lkt[;QfTds ;dfh xf], hxfF dlxnfx?n] cfdf, >LdtL / u[lx0fLsf]

k/D/fut e"ldsf axg ug'{ kb{5 .

k|foM sd cflsPtfklg dlxnfx?sf] e"ldsf Psbd} dxTjk"0f{ /xFb} cfPsf] 5 . /f]huf/ ahf/df

dlxnfx?sf] ;+Vof al9/x] tfklg pgLx? jl/i7 / lg0f{o ug]{ kbx?df Psbd} sd k'u]sf 5g\ .

:jf:Yo nufot ;fj{hlgs ;]jfdf dlxnfx?sf] k|ltlglwTj &=%Ü dfq 5 . sfdsfhL

dlxnfx?sf] k|hgg\ / 3/ Aoj:yfkg tyf tnaL sfo{ ;DaGwL bf]xf]/f] e"ldsfdf s'g} 5'6

lbOPsf] 5}g . of] n}lË+s n]vfhf]vf ;d'xn] lzIff If]qsf] leGg txdf sfd ug]{ dlxnfx?;Fu

lnPsf] cGt/jftf{df ;a}n] sfo{fnosf] sfd / 3/of;L lhDd]jf/LnfO{ ;dfof]hg ug{ ufx|f]

ePsf] atfP . cGt/jftf{ lnOPsf dlxnfx?n] atfP cg';f/ kfl/jfl/s ;xof]u dxTjk"0f{ x'G5

t/ o;sf] cefj lyof]. hxfF w]/} sl7gfO{x? ljr dlxnfn]cfkm\gf] e"ldsf k'/f u/]sf5g\ .

cGt/jftf{ lnOPsf k'?ifx?sf] ljrf/df 3/fo;L lhDd]jf/Lx?n] dlxnfsf] k]zfut k|lta4tf /

pRr txdf k'Ug] Ifdtfdf c8\rg v8f u/]sf] 5 . cGt/jftf{ lnOPsf k'?ifx?n] 3/fof;L

lhDd]jf/L afF8\g] cyjf kl/jf/d'vL sfo{ / Jojxf/ ljefhg ug]{ s'/f atfPgg\ . dlxnf k'?if

b'j}n] :jLsf/ u/]sf] of] s7f]/ lkt[ ;QfTds ;+/rgfn] dlxnf tyf aflnsfx?sf] lzIff dflysf]

kx'FrnfO{ emg r'gf}tLk"0f{ agfPsf] 5 .

!=!=$ >L % sf] ;/sf/n] k"0f{?kdf dfGotf lbPsf] aflnsfx?sf] nflu lzIffsf] dxTjn] ;d]t

dlxnfx? b]zsf] dfgj ;|f]]]t / ;fdflhs k"FhLsf] %)Ü efu cf]u6\5g\ / pgLx?sf] ljsf;

kl/jf/, ;d'bfo / b]zsf nflu ckl/xf{o 5 eGg] tYox?;Fu ;DalGwt geP h:tf] b]lvG5 .

b]zsf] ;fdflhs / cfly{s ljsf;df dlxnfx?sf] of]ubfg af/] r]tgf a9fpg o; ;DjGwL

5nkmn / ax;sf] h?/t 5 .

!=!=% xfd|f] ;dfh lkt[;QfTds ;fdflhs ;+u7gsf] :j?k xf], tyfkL g]kfn cl4tLo ?kn]

;f+:s[lts / hftLo ?kdf ljljw 5 . ;g\ !((! sf] hgu0fgf tyf To; kl5sf cg';Gwfgsf]

ljZn]if0f ubf{ g]kfndf nueu ^) hftL tyf hghftL ;d"x / ltgsf !( j6f hLljt efiffx?

e]l6Psf 5g\ . hghftL ;d"xx?nfO{ hft, hftL dft[efiff af]nrfnsf] efiff tyf wd{ /

ljZjf;sf dfWodaf6 5'6\ofOG5 .

o; lsl;dsf] ljljwtf t/fO{ / kxf8L If]qdf cToGt} 68\sf/f] ?kdf b]lvG5, hxFf b'j} If]]qx?df

nueu #) j6fsf b/n] hftL hghftL ;d"xx? 5g\ eg] lxdfnL If]qdf logsf] ;+Vof s]jn @

dfq 5 . g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfgn] of] ljljwtfnfO{ l:jsf/ u/]sf] 5 / hft, ljZjf;, lnË jf wd{sf

cfwf/df s'g} klg e]befj ug{ gkfOg] Aoj:yf u/]sf] 5 . g]kfnL /fHo cNk;+Vos ;d"xx?sf]

efiff / ;+:s[lt ;Daw{g ug{ k|ltj4 5 . tfklg k'/ftg rng rNtLx? lj:tf/} dfq x/fpF5g\ /

k|i6 ?kdf n}lËs ;+/rgfdf s]Gb|Lt geP;Dd of] ;d"xx?sf] aflnsf / dlxnfx?sf] :t/ jf

cj:yfdf ;'wf/ cfpg] sfo{ Psbd} ;':t ultdf x'g]5 . cfly{s / ;fdflhs k5\of}6]kg log}

;d'xx?df s]Gb|Lt 5 . n}lËs / hft hftLsf] bf]xf]/f] rk]6fdf k/]sf] hghftL dlxnfx?sf]

;d:ofnfO{ cdm a9L l:jsf/ ul/g' cfjZos 5 . k|To]s % hgfdf ! hgf dlxnf dfq ;fIf/

5g\ eg] ljBfno egf{ / lzIff k|flKtsf If]qx?df oL hghftL ;d'x dlxnf tyf aflnsfx? emg}{

k5fl8 5g\.

19

!=!=^ of] n}lËs n]vf]hf]vfsf] sfd z'? xF'bf g]kfnsf] /fhgLlts kl/j]z aflnsfx?sf] lzIffsf nflu

dfq pko'Qm lyof] . ;g\ !(() df jx'bnLo Aoj:yfsf] k'g:yf{+kgf eof] / k|z:t ;'wf/sf

sbdX? rflnP . s]6f / s]6L b'j}sf nflu cyf{t ;a}sf] nflu k|fylds lzIffsf] dfGotfk|lt b[9

k|ltj4tf b]lvPsf] 5 . gLltx? tof/ 5g\ t/ gLltnfO{ Aojxf/df ptf{g sl7g ePsf] k|tLt

x'G5 . k|fylds lzIff k|0ffnLsf] k|efjsfl/tfnfO{ ;Lldt kfg]{ k|z:t cj/f]wx?af6 u|l;t 5 .

s= ckof{Kt kx'Fr / Go"g ;xeflutf

v= ljBfnox?df ljBfyL{sf] Go"g lg/Gt/tf

u= sdhf]/ z}lIfs u'0f:t/

3= ljljw If]qx? / ;fdflhs ;d"xx? aLr c;dfgtf

ª= ckof{Kt nufgL

r= ;Lldt Aoj:yfkg Ifdtf / ckof{Kt ;+:yfut ;xof]u .

oL r'gf}tLx? dgg ug{ nfos 5g\ t/ !)$ jif]{ /f0ff zf;gsf] ;g !(%) df cGt ePb]lv >L

% sf] ;/sf/n] c;fwf/0f k|ult xfl;n u/]sf] 5 . ;g\ !(%) sf] bzssf] ;'?df /fli6«o

;fIf/tf sl/a $Ü / dlxnf ;fIf/tf )=&Ü lyof] . b]zsf #%! ljBfnodf ())) 5fqx? lyP

. sl/a %) jif{kl5 cf=k|f=lz=k=bf];|f] efu z'? x'Fbf ;Dd g]kfndf @@,@!* ljBfnox?sf] ;+Vof

b]lvof] .

!=!=& z}lIfs sfo{df ;'wf/ ug]{ Pp6f k|d'v /0fgLlt lg0f{o Ifdtf / clwsf/ / pQ/bfloTj lhNnf

/ ljBfnox?df x:tfGgt/0f ug]{ / a[xt ;fd'bflos ;xeflutfnfO{ k|f]T;fxg ug'{ xf] .

ljs]Gb|Ls/0f / :yfgLo :jfot zf;g P]gx? ;g\ !((( df kfl/t eO ;s]sf] 5g\ . tyflk

km]j|'j/L @))@ df kfl/t lzIff P]gsf] ;ftf} ;+zf]wgdf oL b'O{ P]gdf pNn]lvt ljs]Gb|Ls/0f

k|s[ofx? k"0f{ ?kdf k|ltljlDjt x'g g;s]sf] s]xL d'2fx?sf] l5gf]kmfgf] x'g afFsL g} 5 .

!=!=* xfn hf/L dfcf]jfbL ljb|f]xn] sfo{s|d sfo{Gjfogdf k|z:t cj/f]wx? v8f u/]sf] 5 .

dfcf]jfbLx? lzIff lj/f]wL h:tf b]lvb}gg\ / ljz]if u/]/ cgf}krfl/s lzIffsf] dfWodaf6

aflnsf / dlxnfx?sf] nflu lzIff sfo{qmdx?sf] ;d{yg u/]sf] h:tf] b]lvG5 -dfn], @))@ .

tyflk lzIfsx?nfO{ wDsL lbg]], s'6lk6 ug]{ / dfg]{;Dd ul/Psf] 5 / ljBfno / lhNnf lzIff

sfo{nox?nfO{ cfqmd0f ug]{ / hnfpg] ul/Psf] 5 . u|fdL0f If]qx?sf] jf:tljs l:ylt / lzIff

;]jf s'g xb;Dd cj?4 kfl/Psf] 5 eGg] n]vfhf]vf ug{ afFls g} 5 .

!=!=( of] n}lËs n]vfhf]vfsf] sfo{If]q vf; u/L dlxnf lzIffsf] If]qdf b]lvPsf] afwf c8\rgx?sf]

klxrfg ug{' / aflnsfx?sf] lzIffdf ;'wf/ ug{ l;kmfl/; ug{' xf] . o; d"NofÍgdf k|:t't

ul/Psf ;dfnf]rgf / ;'emfjx? jt{dfg ;fdflhs / cfly{s kl/j]z Tfyf dlxnfx?sf] xfn

ljBdfg sdhf]/ cj:yfnfO{ dgg u/]/ ul/Psf]

5 . o;sf ;fy} t'nfgfTds ?kn] 5f]6f] cjlw d}+ /fi6«AofkL ?kdf lzIff k|0ffnLdf ul/Psf]

pNn]Vo pknlAw / >L % sf] ;/sf/sf] lzIffdf ;dfgtf Nofpg] k|lta4tfnfO{ ;d]t ljrf/

ul/Psf] 5 .

!=@ n}lËs cWoogsf]] cf}lrTo / sfo{zt{x? (TOR)

cf=k|f=lz=k=efu b'O{ sf] gfdn] kl/lrt dxTjsfFIfL sfo{qmd ;g\ !((( sf] dWo h'nfO{df

sfo{fGjog ul/Psf] lyof] / of] ;g\ @))$ df cGt x'g]5 . lbuf]kg ;'lglZrt ug]{ p2]Zon]

cf=k|f=lz=k= bf];|f] sf] 9fFrfdf klxnf] r/0fsf ;kmn kIfx?nfO{ ;dfj]z ul/Psf] tyf cem} 7f];

t'NofPsf] 5 . ;fy} sfo{qmd ultljlwx?nfO{ lzIff d+qfnosf lgoldt ;+/rgfdf PsLst

20

ul/Psf] 5 . aflnsfx?sf] kx'FrnfO{ k|f]T;fxg k'Ug] y'k|} ljz]if gLltx? k|of]udf NofOPsf 5g\,

t/ To;f] ul/P klg aflnsfx?sf] egf{ j[l4 ug]{ If]qdf cf;tLt k|ult x'g ;s]sf] 5}g .

5fqx?sf] eGbf 5fqfx?sf] egf{ x'g] b/ cem} klg sd ePsf] n}lËs c;dfgtf sd ug]{ sfo{

ck]Iffs[t lta| x'g g;s]sf] ;Gbe{df cf=k|f=lz=k= bf];|f]= n]vfhf]vf ubf{ n}lËs b[li6sf]0faf6

ug'{kg]{ lg0f{o ul/of] . ;g\ @))) sf] gf]e]Da/df rf}yf] ;+o'Qm bft[;+:yf lg/LIf0f 6f]nL (Fourth

Joint Donor Supervision Mission) n] lgDg ;'emfj k|:t't u¥of] M

ædlxnfx?nfO{ k|fylds lzIff / o;sf] Joj:yfkgdf k"0f{ ?kdf ;xefuL u/fpg] /0fgLltx?sf]

klxrfg ug{ Pp6f a[xt n}lËs hfFr sfo{qmd ;+rfng ul/of];\Æ -cg'R5]b @$_

clen]vx?sf] k'g/fjnf]sg ug{sf] nflu Pshgf k/fdz{bftfnfO{ lgo'Qm ul/of] . cGo zfvf

tyf ;+u7gsf dlxnfx?sf] ;xof]udf lzIff dGqfnosf] dlxnf lzIff zfvfn] n}lËs

n]vfhf]vfsf nflu sfo{ zt{gfdfx? tof/ u¥of] . sfo{ zt{gfdfsf] k"0f{ kf7 cg';'lr ! df

k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 . cf=k|f=lz=k=efu b'O{ sf] d"NofÍgsf] p2]Zox? lgDgfg';f/ lyPM

~ ljBdfg /0fgLltx? / ltgsf] sfof{Gjog kIfsf] ljZn]if0f u/L cfwf/e"t lzIffdf dlxnfsf] kx'Fr

/ k|flKtdf ;'wf/ Nofpg] .

~ ;jntf, cj/f]w / sdhf]/Lx?sf] klxrgf ug]{ .

~ dWofjlw d"NofÍgsf] lgldQ cf=k|f=lz=k=bf];|f]df ;dfj]z ul/g] Jofks /0fgLltx? af/] ;'emfj

lbg] .

n}lËs d"NofÍgsf kl/0ffdx? lgDg cg';f/ x'g]5g\ M

!= cf=k|f=lz=k= bf];|f]df ljBdfg /0fgLltx?, sdhf]/Lx? / pT;fxhgs kIfx?sf] ljZn]if0f ul/Psf]

Pp6f k|ltj]bg

@= sfo{qmdsf p2]Zox? cyf{t aflnsf / dlxnfx?sf] kx'Fr, z}lIfs lg/Gt/tf / pknlAwsf]

If]qx?df ;'wf/ Nofpg] tyf kl/of]hgf Joj:yfkgdf ;'wf/ Nofpg] -dlxnfx?nfO{ d"nk|jfxdf

n}hfg, gLltx? / ltgsf] kl/0ffdx?nfO{ cg'z/0f ug{] cflb ljifox?df ;'emfj_ ;DalGwt

lglZrt tyf Jojxfl/s ;'emfjx?÷/0fgLltx?

#= z}lIfs Joj:yfkgsf ;a} txx? -lgo'lQm, ;sf/fTds sfo{ lgodx?, a9'jf, tflnd / ultljlw

/ gLltx?sf] ;'wf/_ df dlxnfx?sf] e"ldsfdf ;'wf/ Nofpgsf nflu ;'emfjx?÷/0fgLltx?

z'?df o; sfo{nfO{ b'O{ r/0fdf ;DkGg ug]{ of]hgf agfOPsf] lyof] . cS6f]a/–l8;]Da/ @))! df

;DkGg x'g] klxnf] r/0fsf p2]Zox? lgDg cg';f/ lyP M

~ dlxnfx? ;s[o sfo{stf{sf] -z}lIfs Joj:yfkg_, aflnsf / dlxnfx/nfO{ nfeflGjt x'g] ;d"x

tyf ;xefuLsf] b[li6sf]0faf6 dlxnf tyf aflnsfx?sf] cf=k|f=lz=k=bf];|f]sf ;Dk"0f{ !& j6}

efux?df ;xeflutfsf] ljZn]if0f ug]{ .

~ aflnsf tyf dlxnfx?sf] ;xeflutf a[l4 ug{ ljz]if s[ofsnfkx?sf] nflu 5'6\ofOPsf] dfgjLo

tyf ljlQo ;|f]tx?sf] ljZn]if0f ug]{ .

~ gofF /0fgLltx?sf] ljsf; ug{sf nflu u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx? tyf cGo lgsfox? åf/f ul/Psf]

k|of; / k|of]u dWo] k|of]u ul/Psf /f]rs tyf pT;fxhgs cg'ejx?nfO{ plrt ljrf/ ug]{ .

21

~ of] r/0fs]f glthfnfO{ efjL ljZn]if0ffTds÷cg';GwfgfTds sfo{sf lbzfdf sfd ug{ ;'emfj

lbg] .

y'k|} c8\rgx?sf jfjh'b sfo{x? ug]{ u/L ;g\ @))@ sf] hgj/L–km]a'|c/L cjlwdf bf];|f] r/0f

;DkGg ug]{ nIo /flvPsf] lyof] . ;+efJo If]qx?, lgDg cg'';f/ klxrfg ul/Psf lyP M

~ O=Pkm=P= (EFA) d"NofÍg @))) n] klxrfg u/] cg';f/ 5fqx?sf] t'nggfdf 5fqfx?n] k|fKt

u/]sf] Go"g pknlAw ;DaGwL lzIffsf] u'0f:t/

~ sIff # b]lv % ;Dd cWoog/t 5fqfx?nfO{ z}lIfs tyf clt/LQm s[ofsnfkx?df efu lng

s'g xb;Dd k|f]T;fxg ul/Psf] 5

~ 5fqfd'vL ljBfno jftfj/0fnfO{ kl/eflift ug{ aflnsf / dlxnfx?NffO{ ;+nUg u/fpg] .

~ dlxnf Joj:yfksx?sf] k]zfut ljsf;df kx'Fr / ;xeflutf a[l4 ug]{ /0fgLltx?

!=@=!of] d"NofÍgsf] kl/0ffd :j?k bftfx? / >L % sf] ;/sf/n] cfwf/e"t lzIffdf n}lËs ;dfgtf

sfod ug]{ /0fgLltx?nfO{ k'g/fjnf]sg ug]{ 5g\ . z}lIfs Joj:yfkgsf ;a} txx?df

dlxnfx?sf] e"ldsf ;'wf/ ug]{ of]hgf agfpg] 5g\ . n}lËs ;dfgtfsf lgdf{0f ug]{ /0fgLltx?sf]

ljsf; ug]{ 5g\ ;fy} of] d"NofÍg / dWofjlw ;dLIffaf6 k|fKt ;'emfjx?sf] sfof{Gjog ug]{ 5g\ .

!=@=@ b'ef{Uojz of] n}lËs d"NofÍgsf nflu lgwf{l/t ;do tflnsfdf k|z:t tndfly x'g k'Uof] .

klxnf] r/0fnfO{ ;]K6]Da/ @))! df ;DkGg ug]{ u/L k'gM sfo{ tflnsfdf t /flvof] t/

cfjZos clen]vLs/0f gx'Fbf o;nfO{ k'g kl5 ;fl/of] . n}lËs d"NofÍg sfo{ cufl8 a9fpg

>L % sf] ;/sf/n] ;]K6Da/ @))! sf] clGtd ;ftfdf l:js[lt lbof] .

!=# d"NofÍg sfo{ljlw / k|s[ofx?

!=#=! o"/f]k]nL cfof]u;Fu 5f]6f] cjlwsf] ;Ddmf}tfåf/f n}lËs d"n k|jfx k|s[of, n}lËs ;dfgtf /

n}lËs of]hgf k|s[of h:tf If]qdf cg'ej k|fKt Pshgf cGt/fli6«o k/fdz{bftf lgo"Qm ul/P .

!=#=@ of] d"NofÍgnfO{ o"/f]k]nL cfof]u, 8flg8f, o"lg;]km, lzIff ljefu / dlxnf lzIff zfvfsf

k|ltlglwx? ;lDdlnt n}lËs d"NoÍg ;xof]u ;d"xn] k'/f cjlw ;xof]u u/]sf] lyof] .

n}=d"=;=;=n] k|ultsf] cg'udg ug]{ / sfo{ ;DkfbgnfO{ ;xof]u ug{ o; cjlwdf Aojfxl/s /

ef}lts ;fdu|L Aoj:yfkg ;xof]u / l6kf]6 /flvg] lgoldt j}7sx?sf] cfof]hgf u¥of] .

!=#=# o"lg;]km / 8flg8f;Fu 5f]6f] cjlwsf] ;Demf}}tf tyf cGt/fli6«o k/fdz{bftfsf] ;Nnfx cg';f/

n}=d"=;=;=n] ;g\ @))! sf] l8;]Da/ # df cGt/jf{tfsf] dfWodaf6 # hgf /fli6«o

k/fdz{bftfx? lgo'Qm u¥of] . b'ef{Uojz lgo'lQm lnPsf] Ps xKtfkl5 Ps hgf k/fdz{bftfn]

/flhgfdf u/] . cem l9nf] gxf]; eGg] p2]Zon] k/fdz{bftf ;d"xn] gofF lgo'lQm gu/L t];|f]

k/fdz{bftfsf] lhDdfsf] sfd cfkm}n] jxg ug]{ l:jsf/ u¥of] .

!=#=$ of] d"Nof°gnfO{ ;xeflud"ns ljlwaf6 ;+rfng ug'{ lyof] . d=lz=zf sf sd{rf/Lx?n] n}lËs

d"Nof+°g ;d"x;F+u ;xsfo{ ug]{ / of] cf=k|f=lz=k=bf];|f] sf] d"Nof°g k|s[ofn] d=lz=zf sf] Ifdtf

ljsfz / j[l4 ug'{kg]{ rfxgf /fv]sf] lyof] . To;}n] of] ;d"x d=lz=zf= sf] ;fgf] l7dLl:yt

22

sfo{fnodf /xg] ;xdlt eof] . of] sfo{fno lzIff ljefu;+Fu glhs} t/ 5'§} ejgdf /x]sf] 5 .

h'g clkm; ;+rfng ug{ Pp6f sDKo"6/ kmlg{r/ / cfjZos Aoj:yf ul/of] .

!=#=% cGt/f{li6«o k/fdz{bftfn] cS6f]j/ @))! b]lv d] @))@ aLrsf] cjlwdf $ kN6 g]kfnsf]

e|d0f u/] . oL e|d0fsf pknlAwx? ;dfj]z ePsf k|ltj]bgx? o"/f]k]nL ;d'bfo lzIff sfof{no

/ d=lz=zf= af6 k|fKt ug{ ;lsG5 .

!=#=^ d"NofÍg sfo{ z'? ug{ ePsf] l9nfOsf] sf/0fn] ^ dlxgfdf ;DkGg ul/g] nIo /flvPsf] b'O{

r/0fsf]] sfo{qmdnfO{ Plss[t ul/of] . ASIP sf] clGtd ltly ;g\ @))@ sf] hgj/L !* /

AWP / MTR sf nflu tf]lsPsf] clGtd ltly dfr{sf] ;'? x'g cufj} cfwf ;dod} sfd k"/f

ul/of] . o;n] k/fdz{bftfx?df lgs} bjfa ;[hgf u¥of]+ .

!#=& cfbz{ ?kn] eGg' kbf{ n}lËs d"NofÍgn] lzIffsf ;Dk"0f{ r/0fx?df ;dfj]z ul/g' kb{5 . ug{'

kb{{5 . k|fwlds lzIffdf b]lvPsf] lzlIfsfx?sf] sdLnfO{ ;dodf g} Wofg lbg' kb{5 .

dfWolds / lgDg dfWolds txdf ePsf] 5fqfx?sf] sd egf{ ;+Vofn] ;DefJo lzlIfsf k"lt{nfO{

;Lldt ul/lbPsf] 5 . 5fqfx?sf] k|fylds txaf6 dfWolds txdf km8\sf] dfg]{ k|lqmofdf s]xL

dxTjk"0f{ d'2fx? cufl8 cfPsf 5g\, h;sf] ljZn]z0f h?/L 5 . l;4fGttM n}+uLs d"Nof+sg

;d"x dfWolds lzIffnfO{ ;d]t n}+uLs b[li6sf]0faf6 cWoog ug{ OR5's x'g ;SYof] t/ cl3 g}

elgPem} ;do ;Lldt lyof] / o; d"Nof+sgdf dfWolds / ljZjljwfno lzIffsf] n}ËLs

b[li6sf]0f ;dfj]z ug{ ;Dej lyPg . of] Pp6f 5'§} cWoogsf] ljifo aGg' kb{5 .

!=$ sfo{ljlw

of] d"NofÍg ;DkGg ug{ Pp6f /0fgLlt / ;do tflnsf k]z ul/of], h;nfO{ n}=d"=;=; (ASG) n]

l8;]Da/ !& @))! df :jLs[t u¥of] . -cg';"lr #_

!= clen]lvs/0fsf] ljZn]if0f

@= pknlAw, cj/f]w / jfWotfx?sf] d"NofÍg

#= /0fgLlt / sfo{of]hgfx?sf] ljsf;

$= d"NofÍg k|ltj]bgx?sf] k|:t'tLs/0f / ;dfkg

/0fgLlt / ;do tflnsfsf] kfngf ul/of] / ASIP k|:tfjx? ;dod} k]z ul/P, t/ k|fljlws

sf/0fx?n] ubf{ clGtd k|ltj]bg s]xL l9nf] eof] .

!=$=! n}lËs d"NofÍg ;xof]u ;d"xsf] cg'/f]wdf / ;/sf/jfnfx?nfO{ ;xefuL u/fpg] gLlt

cg';f/ of] d"NofÍgsf] k|f/lDes glthfx? ;dfj]z ePsf] k|ltj]bg dlxnfx?sf] ;~hfn ;dIf

;g\ @))@ sf] hgj/L @@ df k|:t't ul/of] . o;kl5 dfr{ !$ df Pp6f ;kmn sfo{zfnfsf]

cfof]hgf ul/of], h;df aflnsfx?sf] lzIff If]q ;'wf/ ug]{ lbzfdf b]lvPsf] tuf/f]x?nfO{

lrlqt ub}{ /fli6«o k/fdz{bftfx?n] Pp6f jx; kq k|:t't u/] . oL tuf/f]x? x6fpg]

/0fgLltx?sf] ;'emfj lbg ;xefuLx?nfO{ cfdGq0f ul/Psf] lyof] . of] sfo{zfnfaf6 k|fKt

;'emfjx?nfO{ n}=d"= ;= n] dgg ub}{ cfkm\gf] clGtd ;'emfjx?df ;dfj]z u¥of] . @))@ To:t}

u/L MTR ;d]t pQm d"Nof+sgsf] lzIff tyf v]ns'b d+qL, lzIff ljefusf dxf lgb]{zs /

/fli6«o dlxnf cfof]usf] cWoIf nufotsf k|d'v JolQmx? ;dIf ;d]t d"NofÍgsf] cGtdf dfr{

@!, @))@ df d"Nof+sg k|ltj]bg k|:t't ul/of] .

23

!=$=@ of] klg eGg} k5{ ls of] k|ltj]bgn] cf=k|f=lz=k= bf];|f]sf] ;kmntf / c;kmntfx?sf]

d"NofÍg ub}{g . n}lËs d'2fx? / n}lËs of]hgf k|s[of ;Dk"0f{ sfo{qmd sfof{Gjogsf] cleGg cË

x'g' kb{5, t/ xfdLn] To:tf If]qx?sf] dfq klxrfg u/]sf 5f}+, hxfF xfd|f] b[li6sf]0fdf n}lËs

PsLs/0fsf] cefjn] ck]lIft kl/0ffddf gs/fTds k|efj kf/]sf] 5 . xfdLn] klxn] ;DkGg

eO;s]sf sfd gbf]xf]¥ofpg] cyjf ltgsf] l6sfl6Kk0fL gug]{ k|of; u/]sf 5f}+, t/ k"j{ cWoog

cg';Gwfgsf glthf / d"NofÍgx?nfO{ xfd|f] ljZn]if0fsf] cfwf/ agfPsf 5f}+ .

!=$=# of] kl/of]hgf aflnsfx?sf] nflu lzIff ;DaGwL /fli6«o / cGt/fli6«o gLltx? cg'?k eP

gePsf] n]vfhf]vf ug{sf nflu /fli6«o / cGt/f{li6«o k|lta4tfx?sf] ljZn]if0f ul/Psf] lyof] .

cf=k|f=lz=k=bf];|f] II sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog of]hgf / ts{ cg'?k n}lËs b[li6sf]0faf6 ljZn]if0f

ul/Psf] lyof] . o;}u/L Aide Memories, jt{dfg cj:yf emNsfpg] k|ltj]bg, ;+:yfut ljZn]if0f,

t];|f] kIfsf] ;dLIff / k|fljlws ;d"xsf] k|ltj]bgx? ;d]t cWoogsf] ;dodf klg ljZn]if0f

ul/P . d"NofÍg ;d"x w]/} xb;Dd oL b:tfj]hx?df e/ k/]sf] 5 . h;sf glthf /

;'emfjx?nfO{ ;fwf/0ftof of] ;d"x ;dy{g ub{5 . k|z:t dfqfdf k|sflzt ;fdu|L, k|ult

k|ltj]bg / lglZrt /0fgLltx? / ;DalGwt of]hgfx?sf] ljZn]if0f h:tf ;fdu|Lx?sf] ljZn]if0f

ul/Psf] lyof] . o;}u/L aflnsfx?sf] lzIff;Fu ;/f]sf/ /fVg] y'k|} k|ltj]bgx?sf] k'g/fjnf]sg /

dgg ul/Psf] lyof] . ;DalGwt b:tfj]hx?sf] ;"rL ;Gbe{ ;fdu|Ldf /flvPsf] 5 .

!=$=$ k|z:t sfo{ljlw, cg';Gwfg dfWodsf tf}/ tl/sfx? of] ljifoj:t'sf] cWoog ubf{ k|of]udf

NofOPsf lyP . lzIfs, k|lzIffyL{, cfdfa'af tyf ljBfno Joj:yfkg ;ldltx?;Fu ;d"x

s]Gb|Lt 5nkmn, lhNnf lzIff clwsf/L, k|wfgcWofks / ;|f]t JolQmx?;Fusf] cGt/jftf{, lzIf0f

tyf tflndsf] cjnf]sg, k|lzIffyL{ tyf ljBfyL{x?;Fusf] 5nkmn / sIff % sf ljBfyL{x?;Fu

;xeflutd"ns cg';Gwfg ljlw gS;f agfpg] cEof; h:tf tl/sfx? cg';Gwfgsf] qmddf

k|of]u ul/Psf lyP . of] ;d"x ;Dk"0f{ ;xefuLx?sf] ;do / b[li6sf]0fk|lt cfef/L 5 . vf; u/L

pxfx? h; h;sf] xfd|f] lg0f{o / ;'emfjdf of]ubfg /x]sf] 5 . ;Dks{ ul/Psf] JolQmx?sf] ;"rL,

cg';"lr $ df ;dfj]z ul/Psf] 5 .

lzIffsf] jf:tljstf / lhNNff lzIff sfof{nox?n] ef]Ug' k/]sf r'gf}tlx?sf] cjnf]sg ug{ ;DalGwt

:yfgx/sf] e|d0f ul/Psf] lyof] . % j6f :ynut e|d0f ;DkGg ul/Psf lyP .

:yfg If]q p2]Zo sfo{qmdsf] glthf glthfx?

k;f{

lhNnf

lrtjg

lhNNff

t/fO{ ;]l/8sf]

ædlxnfx?

kl/jt{gsf]

jfxs kf7sf]

cjnf]sgÆ

kf7sf] cjnf]sg ul/of],

;Dk"0f{ zx/L / cw{ zx/L

k|fylds ljBfnox?sf] e|d0f M

cw{ lgolGqt cGt/jftf{

-lhlzc / k|c;Fu}_ tflnd

;xefuL, lzIfs / ljBfno

Joj:yfkg ;d"xx?;Fu ;d"x

s]Gb|Lt 5nkmn

zx/L / cw{ zx/L

ljBfnox? aLr

c;dfgtf, u|fdL0f

ljBfnox?df v/fa

jftfj/0f, ;d'bfosf]

;+nUgtfsf] :t/df

km/skgf

t/fO{ SIP sf] cu'jf

tflndsf]

cjnf]sg

SIP / tflnd cyjf !^

lhNnfsf ;|f]t JolQmx? ;+nUg

tflndsf] cjnf]sg, ;fy}

pknJw jl/i7 lhNnf lzIff

clwsf/Lx?;Fu cgf}krfl/s

5nkmn ;DkGg

SIP sf] z'? ug]{ l;4fGt /

k|s[ofx?, dlxnf ;|f]t

JolQmx?n] ef]Ug' k/]sf

sl7gfO{x?

24

wg'iff

lhNnf

sfe|]

lhNnf

afFs]

lhNnf

t/fO{ k|fylds

ljBfnox?sf]

e|d0fsf ;fy}

lzIfs / ;|f]t

JolQmnfO{

tflnd

cjlwdf

cjnf]sg ug'{

;Dk"0f{ zx/L / b'Oj6f u|fdL0f

k|fylds ljBfnox?sf] e|d0f

;DkGg, sIffx?sf] cjnf]sg

;DkGg, k|lzIfs, lzIfs,

ljBfyL{ / cleefjs;Fu ;d"x

s]Gb|Lt 5nkmn ;DkGg

u|fdL0f / zx/L ljBfnox?

aLrdf c;dfgtf,

aflnsfx?åf/f sIffdf

lzIffsf] dfu, u|fdL0f

ljBfnox? ejgx?sf]

gfh's cj:yf, lzIfs /

ljBfyL{x?sf] Go"g

pkl:ylt, u|fdL0f If]qsf

cleefjsx?åf/f cem

u'0f:tl/o lzIffsf] rfxgf

JoQm

kxf8 k|fylds

ljBfnox?sf]

e|d0f ug'{

lhlzc;Fu cGt/jftf{ / lhNNf

lzIff sfof{nosf] e|d0f ;DkGg,

b'O{j6f u|fdL0f ljBfnox?sf]

e|d0f, lzIfsx?;Fu ;d"x

s]Gb|Lt 5nkmn, ljBfno

Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf cWoIf;Fu

5nkmn ;DkGg

t/fO{ / kxf8L If]qsf

gd"gf ljBfnox? aLr

cGt/, gfh's ljBfno

ejgsf] k"0f{ pkof]u, egf{

tyf ljBfno ejgsf]

u'0f:t/ ;'wf/ ug]{ sfo{df

dxTjk"0f{ ;fd'bflos

;xeflutf

t/fO{ d=lz=sf=÷

lh=lz=sf= sf

lzIfsx?nfO{

n}lËs tflnd,

uflj;cWoIfx?

;+u 5nkmn

ug'{, ljz]if

lzIffsf]

cjnf]sg ug'{

n}lËs tflndsf] cjnf]sg

ul/of] / 5nkmnx? ;DkGg,

ljz]if lzIff;+u ;DjlGwt

lzIfsx?;Fu 5nkmn ;DkGg

ckfË afnaflnsfx? nfO{

lzIffsf] d"nwf/df

;+of]hg ug{ ljBfnox?

;kmn t/ ;xof]uL

sd{rf/L tyf lzIfs

lzlIfsfnfO{ ckfË

aflnsfx?;+u ul/g]

Jojxf/ / lzIff;DjGwL

cfjZos tfnLdsf] cefj

.

n}lËs d"NofÍg ;d"xnfO{ k|fylds ljBfnox?sf] cj:yfsf] jf:tljstf d"NofÍg ug{ /

cf=k|f=lz=k=bf];|f]sf]] ;d'bfo / lhNnf txdf k/]sf] k|efjsf] k|ToIf cg'ej ug{ oL cjnf]sg e|d0fx?

w]/} dxTjk"0f{ ;fljt eP . e|d0fs]f cfof]hgf u/L æpTs[i6Æ dfq geP/ ;Dk"0f{ z}lIfs Joj:yfkgsf]

cjnf]sg u/fpg] lh=lz=sf=x? k|lt n}=d"=;= wGojfb JoQm ub{5f} . ;fy} ;/f]sf/jfnfx?sf] a'emfO{ /

ljrf/ Wofgk"j{s ;'Gg / k|fylds lzIffdf aflnsfx?sf] egf{ / pknlAwdf ;'wf/ ug]{ gLltx?

sfof{Gjog ubf{ jfwssf] ?kdf b]lvg] cK7\/fx? klxrfg ug{ ;d]t of] ;d"x ;kmn ePsf] 5 .

dfcf]jfbL ljb|f]xsf] sf/0fn] ubf{ ePsf] ;'/Iff ;d:ofn] ubf{ cToGt} b'u{d / kxf8L e"–efusf] cjnf]sg

e|d0f ug{ b'ef{Uoj; o; d"NofÍg ;d"xnfO{ ;Dej lyPg .

e|d0f ul/Psf lhNnf / ljBfnox? tyf ;Dk{s ul/Psf ;/f]sf/jfnfx?sf] ;"rL kl/lzi6 $ df

b]vfOPsf] 5 .

25

!=% cfwf/e"t tyf k|fylds lzIff kl/of]hgf efu b'O{

cfwf/e"t tyf k|fylds lzIff kl/of]hgf -cf=k|||f=lz=k=_ ;+o'Qmbftf sf]ifsf] ;xof]uaf6 ;g\ !((@ b]lv

z'? eof] . klxnf] r/0f cyf{t cf=k|f=lz=k=klxnf] efu cf7f} of]hgf cjlw !((@–(^ df sfof{Gjog

ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmdsf] cfwf/e"t tyf k|fylds lzIffdf kx'Fr lj:tf/, k|fylds lzIffsf] u'0f:t/df

;'wf/ / Aoj:yfksLo sfo{ bIftfsf] ;'b[9Ls/0f u/L # j6f p2]Zo lyP .

klxnf] r/0fsf] cGtkl5 >L % sf] ;/sf/n] gjf}+ of]hgfsf] pNn]lvt pk–If]qLo sfo{qmd cg';f/ bf];|f]

r/0f sfo{fGjog ug]{ lgwf] u¥of] . cfwf/e"t tyf k|fylds lzIff kl/of]hgf ;g\ !((( sf] h'nfO{df

z'? eof] / of] ;g\ @))$ df cGt x'g] 5 . cf=k|f=lz=k=bf];|f] sf] k|f?k klxnf] r/0fsf ;kmn kIfx?nfO{

;dfj]z ug]{ tyf cem ;'b[9 t'Nofpg] / lbuf]kg ;'lglZrt ug{ kl/of]hgfsf ultljlwx?nfO{ lzIff

ljefusf] lgoldt ;+/rgfdf PsLs[t ug]{ u/L tof/ ul/Psf] lyof] . >L % sf] ;/sf/sf] lzIff jh]6df

PsLs[t x'g] u/L cf=lz=k=bf];|f] If]q AofkL sfo{qmdsf] ?kdf bft[ ;+:yfx?af6 cfly{s ;xof]u ul/Psf]

lyof] . of] 8fnf] ( Basket Fund) sf]ifdf ;xof]u ug]{x?df 8]gdfs{, o"/f]k]nL cfof]u, lkmgNof08,

cGt/fli6«o ljsf; lgof]u / gj]{ cflb /fi6«n] o;sf] d'Vo nufgLsf sfo{qmd ?kdf lnPsf 5g\ eg]

To;}u/L d"=n=sf= jfx]s ;xfos–8fnf] sf]if (sub-Basket Fund) eg]/ hflgg] 8]gdfs{, o"/f]k]nL cfof]u,

lkmgNof08, gj]{ / o'lg;]kmaf6 k|fKt k|fljlws ;xof]u klg kl/of]hgfdf ;dfj]z 5 . hfOsf (JICA)

/ PlzofnL ljsf; a}+sn] 5'§} Aoj:yf cGt{ut ;xof]u k|bfg ub+{5g\ .

cf=k|f=lz k|=bf];|f] sf] dWofjlw ljsf; p2]Zo o:tf] 5M

æs'zn tyf u'0f:tl/o cfwf/e"t / k|fylds lzIffsf] of]hgf ug{ tyf hgtf dfem k'¥ofpg /fli6«o /

;fd'bflos ;+:yfx?nfO{ ;'b[9 t'NofOg] 5, h;n] ubf{ z}lIfs pknlAwdf a[l4 x'g]5 / vf;u/L aflnsf

/ ;'ljwfaf6 al~rt ;d'bfox? dfem lzIffsf] Gofof]lrt kx'Fr k'Ug]5 .Æ

sfo{qmd sfo{fGjog of]hgfdf j0f{g ul/P cg';f/ cf=k|f=lz=k=bf];|f]sf] k|f?k Psbd} hl6n 5 .

sf=sf=of]=sf] cg';"lr ! df gLlt k|f?k / bL3{sflng nIox? ;dfj]z 5g\ h;n] eGb5 M æljBfno

hfg ;Sg] pd]/ ;d"x, ;d"xsf jx';+Vos afnaflnsfx?n] u'0f:t/o"Qm % jif]{ k|fylds ljBfno lzIff

k"/f ug]{ 5g\, h;nfO{ ;fd'bflos, lhNnf:tl/o / /fli6«o ;+:yfx?af6 ;xof]u k|fKt x'g]5 .Æ

o;n] $ j6f k|d'v sfo{ ;Dkfbg ;"rsx? / p2]Zox? af/] k|i6 kf/]sf] 5 M

p2]Zo !

æcem lgk"0f{ cfwf/e"t tyf k|fylds lzIff ;]jf k'¥ofpg /fli6«o lhNnf / ;fd'bflos txdf ;+:yfut

IfdtfnfO{ ;'b[9 t'Nofpg]Æ

p2]Zo @

ævf; u/L sIff ! b]lv # ;Ddsf ljBfyL{x?sf] z}lIfs :t/ a[l4 ug]{ .Æ

p2]Zo #

æljz]if u/L aflnsf / ;'ljwfaf6 j+lrt ;d'bfosf afnaflnsfx? dfem cfwf/e"t / k|fylds lzIffdf

Gofof]lrt kx'Fr lj:tf/ ug]{ .Æ

p2]Zo $

æ;fd'bflos Aoj:yfkgsf] dfWodaf6 ljBfnox?sf] ef}lts jftfj/0fsf] u'0f:t/df ;'wf/ Nofpg]Æ

26

oL $ j6f p2]Zox?;Fu ;DalGwt tLg k|d'v If]qx?df !& v08x?sf] Aoj:yf cf=k|f=l;=k=bf];|f]df

ul/Psf] 5 .

qm; kx'Fr / lg/Gt/tf

! ljBfnosf] ef}lts ;'ljwfx?

@ j}slNks lzIf0f

# aflnsfx?sf] nflu lzIff

$ nlIot ;d"xx?sf] nflu lzIff

% ljz]if lzIff

^ lszf]/ lszf]/Lx?sf] nflu ljsf; sfo{qmd

& ;d'bfo kl/rfng

* ;fIf/tf sfo{qmd

z}lIfs pknlAw

( kf7\oqmd / kf7\ok':ts

!) lg/Gt/ d"NofÍg

!! ;d"xdf cfwfl/t lgoldt tflnd

!@ k|df0fkq tflnd

Ifdtf clea[l4

!# lzIff ljefusf] ;'b[l9s/0f

!$ lhNnf of]hgf k|s[ofsf] ;'b[l9s/0f

!% :yfgLo Ifdtf clea[l4

!^ d"=n=of]= d"Vo nufgL of]hgf

!& k|fljlws ;xof]u ;Nnfxsf/ ;d"x

s"n ljsf; jh]6 !$&=$$& ldlnog cd]l/sL 8n/dWo] !!!=^^$ ldlnog cd]l/sL 8n/ d"=n=

cGtu{t /flvPsf] 5 . k|efjsfl/tf / sfo{ bIftfdf ;'wf/ Nofpg] p2]Zon] ;g\ !((( sf] h'nfOdf

lzIff tyf v]ns'b dGqfno cGtu{t lzIff ljefusf] :yfkgf ul/of] .

@= clen]vLs/0fsf] n}lËs b[li6sf]0faf6 ljZn]if0f

n}lËs d"NofÍg ;d"xn] cf=k|f=lz=k= bf];|f]sf] k|f?k;Fu ;/f]sf/ /fVg] /fli6«o / cGt/f{li6«o clen]vLs/0f

tyf cf=k|f=lz=k=bf];|f]sf] sfo{qmd sfo{Gjfog of]hgfsf] ljZn]if0f u/]sf] lyof] . o;sf] p2]Zo lgDg

ljifox?sf] n]vfhf]vf ug'{ lyof] M

>L % sf] ;/sf/sf] aflnsfx?sf] nflu lzIff ;DaGwL gLltx? cGt/f{li6«o k|lta4tf cg'?k 5g

jf 5}gg\ .

/fli6«o gLltn] s'g xb;Dd aflnsfx?sf] nflu lzIffnfO{ nlIft u/]sf] 5 .

cf=k|f=lz=k= sf] sfo{Gjfog of]hgf, Wo]o, p2]Zo, nIox? tyf cg'udg / sfo{;Dkfbg ;"rsx?

n}lËs b[i6Lsf]0faf6 PsLs[t, nlIft, t6:y, ;Dj]bglxg jf k"jf{u|xL s] s:tf 5g\ .

@=! cGt/{fli6«o gLltx?

xfn aflnsfx?sf] nflu lzIffsf] dxTjnfO{ cGt/f{li6«o ?kdf Wofg lbOPsf] 5 . yfONof0+8sf] hf]d6]gdf

;g\ !(() df ;DkGg ePsf] ;j}sf] nflu lzIff ;Dd]ng tyf o;n] hf/L u/]sf] 3f]if0ffdf dlxnf tyf

27

k'?if b'j} ;d"xdf lg/If/tf 36fpg] sfo{x? ug{ ljleGg b]zx?nfO{ cfu|x u/]sf] 5 . o;n] ;a}sf] nflu

lzIff cyf{t s]6f tyf s]6L b'a} ;d"xx?sf] nflu lzIffdf hf]8 lbPsf] 5 . cGt/f{li6«o ;xdlt k|fKt

gLltx?n] /fli6«o ;/sf/x?nfO{ cfkm\gf ljlzi6 kl/l:ylt cg'?k dlxnfx?sf] cj:yf / :t/df ;'wf/

Nofpg] / dlxnf tyf aflnsfx?sf] lzIffdf hf]8 lbg] gLltx? lgdf{0f ug{ cfwf/ k|bfg ub{5 .

@=!=!= ;g\ !((# df hf/L ul/Psf] dfgj clwsf/ ;DalGwt leogf 3f]if0ffkqdf klxnf]kN6 dlxnf

tyf aflnsfx?sf] dfgj clwsf/ af/] o;/L elgPsf] 5 M

æoL ljZjAofkL dfgj clwsf/sf] cb]o, ;dli6ut / cljefHo cËx? x'g\ .Æ

cGo cGt/f{li6«o 3f]if0ffkqx? lgDg k|sf/sf 5g\ M

dlxnf ;DaGwL ;a} k|sf/sf e]befjx? cGt ug]{ af/] ;Demf}tf l;8 (CEDAW) !(*!

æ;a}sf] nflu lzIffÆ ;DaGwL hf]d6]g yfO{Nof08 3f]if0ffkq !(()

dfgj clwsf/ ;DaGwL leogf 3f]if0ffkq, !((#

rLgsf] j]OlhËdf ;DkGg dlxnf ;DaGwL rf}yf} /fi6«;+3Lo ;Dd]ngdf ;xdlt ePsf] æsfo{dGrÆ

!((%

;]g]unsf] 8sf/df c+lusf/ ul/Psf] æ8sf/ sfo{Æ k|f?k @))@

@=!=@ l;8 / CEDAW df dlxnfx?nfO{ lzIff tyf tflnd k|bfg ug{ k|lta4tf AoQm u/]sf

;/sf/x?n] dlxnfx? lj?4sf lje]bnfO{ lgd"{n kfg{ ;Dk"0f{ pko'Qm pkfox?sf] cjnDjg ug'{kg]{ x'G5

. oL pkfox?n] dlxnfnfO{ lzIff, z}lIfs lg/Gt/tf, ;fIf/tf sfo{qmd, k]zf / k]zfut k/fdz{ tyf

Pp6} kf7\oqmdsf] If]qx?df k'?if ;/xsf] clwsf/nfO{ ;'lglZrt ug'{kg]{ x'G5 . To;}u/L oL pkfox?n]

dlxnf tyf k'?if ;DaGwL ljBdfg unt wf/0ffx?sf] cGt ug]{, 5fqj[lQ / cfly{s cg'bfgsf I]fqx?df

;dfg kx'Fr :yflkt ug]{, v]ns'bsf] I]fqdf tyf :jf:Yo, cf/f]Uo tyf kl/jf/ lgof]hg ;DaGwL

;"rgfx? k|fKt ug]{ If]qx?df dlxnfx?nfO{ k'?if ;/xsf] clwsf/nfO{ ;'lglZrt ug'{kg]{ pNn]v

ul/Psf]5 . h'g >L % sf] ;/sf/n] ;Demf}tfdf x:tfIf/ u/]sf] 5 .

@=!=#= æ;a}sf] nflu lzIffÆ hf]d6]g -yfOn}08 !(()_ 3f]if0ffkqn] dlxnf tyf k'?if b'j} ;d"xsf]

lg/If/tf 36fpg] tyf ;a}sf] nflu lzIff gLltnfO{ canDjg ug{ ;/sf/nfO{ cfu|x u/]sf] 5 . ljBfno

ghfg] k|To]s bz nfv afnaflnsfx? dWo] b'O ltxfO{ aflnsfx? g} x'g] x'gfn] of] 3f]if0ffkqn]

aflnsfx?nfO{ ljBfno hfgsf] nflu ;Ifd agfpg] tyf k|f]T;fxg ug]{ vfnsf /0fgLltx? lgdf{0f ug]{

sfo{df ljz]if dxTj /fVb5 .

@=!=$= a]OlhËdf ;xdlt ePsf] æsfo{ dGrÆ n] !@ j6f cToGt dxTjk"0f{ If]qx?sf] klxrfg u/]sf] 5

/ ;/sf/L, u}/;/sf/L tyf lghL If]qx?n] dlxnfsf] ljsf; tyf ;dfgtfsf] nflu lgdf{0f ug'{kg]{

/0fgLlts p2]Zo tyf sfo{x?sf] ;"lr kl/eflift u/]sf] 5 . o;sf] cfwf/df dlxnf, afnaflnsf tyf

;dfh sNof0f d+qfnon] g]kfndf dlxnf ljsf; ;DaGwL sfo{ of]hgf tof/ ug]{ sfo{sf] g]t[Tj u/]sf]

5 . tTsfnLg /fHodGqLsf] g]t[Tjdf Pp6f dlxnf sfo{ bn / ;DjlGwt dGqfnox?, u}/;/sf/L

;+:yfx? tyf cGo lgsfosf k|ltlglwx? ;lDdlnt !@ j6f pk ;ldltx? u7g ul/Psf] lyof] . n}lËs

ljifox? ;d]l6P/ lzIff ;DaGwL Pp6f /fli6«o sfo{ of]ghf tof/ ul/of] . h;df kx'Fr, tflnd tyf

Ifdtf clea[l4 h:tf If]qx?;F+u ;DalGwt /0fgLlts p2]Zox? ;d]l6Psf lyP . /fd|f];+Fu ljifo s]Gb|Lt

eP tfklg of] sfo{ of]hgf jf:tljs eGbf klg pT;fxhgs dfq lyof] eGg ;lsG5 . tfklg lzIffsf]

If]qdf n}lËs d'2fx?nfO{ p7fpg o;sf] dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf /x]sf] 5 .

28

@=!=%= hf]d6]g ;Dd]ng tyf ;a}sf] nflu lzIff 3f]if0ffkq hf/L ePsf] !) jif{kl5 o;sf] k|ult

d"NofÍg ug{ clk|n @))) df 8sf/df Pp6f ;Dd]ng cfof]hgf ul/of] . of] ;Dd]ngn] 8sf/ sfo{

k|f?knfO{ c+uLsf/ u¥of] . of] ;Dd]ng ^ j6f d'Vo If]qx?df s]Gb|Lt lyof] M

!= sdhf]/ tyf ;'ljwfaf6 a+lrt ;d"xx?sf afnaflnsfx?nfO{ ljz]if nIo u/]/ lzz' :ofxf/ tyf

lzIff ;DjGwL j[xt sfo{qmdsf] lj:tf/ ty ;'wf/ ug]{ .

@= ;g\ @)!% ;Dddf ;Dk"0f{ afnaflnsfx?sf] pRr u'0f :t/o'Qm, lgz'Ns / clgjf{o lzIffdf kx'Fr

k'¥ofpg] .

#= pko'Qm z}lIfs tyf ;Lkd"ns sfo{qmdx?df Gofolrt kx'Fr lj:tf/ u/]/ ;Dk"0f{

afnaflnsfx?sf] z}lIfs cfjZostfx?sf] k"lt{ ug]{ .

$= ;g\ @)!% ;Dddf k|f}9 ;fIf/tf / ljz]ifu/L dlxnf ;fIf/tfsf] If]qdf %)Ü k|ult xfl;n ug]{

tyf ;Dk"0f{ k|f}9x? dfem lzIff tyf cfwf/e"t lzIff If]qx?df Gofof]lrt kx'Fr lj:tf/ ug]{ .

%= ;g\ @))% ;Dddf k|fylds tyf dfWolds lzIff If]qx?df b]lvPsf] n}lËs c;dfgtfx?nfO{

lgd"{n kfg]{ / aflnsfx?sf] u'0f:tl/o cfwf/e"t lzIffdf k"0f{ / ;dfg kx'Frsf] ;'lglZrttf k|bfg

ug]{ .

^= z}lIfs u'0f:t/sf] ;Dk"0f{ If]qx?df ;'wf/ ug]{ tyf ;a}sf] >]i7tf ;'lglZrt ug]{ h;n] ubf{

ljz]ifu/L ;fIf/tf, cfwf/e"t ul0ft tyf hLjgkof]uL ;Lksf If]qx?df dfGo tyf dfkg of]Uo

z}lIfs pknlAwx? xfl;n ug{ ;lsof];\ .

@+=!=^= >L %sf] ;/sf/n] oL nIox?nfO{ d"NofÍg tyf cfTd;ft ub}{ / ;a}sf] nflu k|fylds lzIffsf]

dfGotfaf6 k|efljt eP/ cfkm\gf gLlt tyf sfo{qmdx?sf] lgdf{0f u/]sf] 5 .

bzf} of]hgf w]/} xb;Dd 8sf/ sfo{ k|f?kdf cfwfl/t 5 . To;}u/L oL nIox?nfO{ cf=k|f=lz=k=bf];|f]df

;dflxt ul/Psf] 5 . dWofjlw d"NofÍgn] >L % sf] ;/sf/ / cf=k|f=lz=k=bf];|f] sf] z}lIfs ;"rsx?nfO{

;a}sf] nflu lzIff sfo{qmdsf] dfGotfx?;F+u ldNbf] agfpg l;kmfl/; u/]sf] 5 .

>L % sf] ;/sf/n] dlxnf tyf afnaflnsfx?sf] lzIff nufotsf If]qx?df ul/Psf cGt/f{li6«o

k|lta2tf / 3f]if0ffx?nfO{ ;fwf/0ftof kfngf u/]sf] 5 / oL d'2fx?nfO{ cfkm\gf] /fli6«o gLltsf]

vfsfx?df ;dfj]z u/]sf] 5 .

@=@ /fli6«o gLlt

;g\ !(%) df g]kfndf #@! ljBfno / ())) ljBfyL{x? dfq lyP . To;a]nf b]lv g} >L % sf] ;/sf/

Jofks / pRr u'0f:t/o'Qm lzIff k|0ffnL ljsf; ug{ k|lta4 /xb} cfPsf] 5 . k|hftflGqs ;/sf/

:yfkgf eP kZrft\ lzIffsf cj;/x? lj:tf/ ug{ w]/} k|of;x? ul/Psf lyP . ;g\ !(%# df ul7t

/fli6«o lzIff of]hgf cfof]udf lzIffsf] Jojl:yt ljsf; ug]{ sfo{sf] z''?jft lyof] . lzIff P]g

NofOPsf] @ jif{kl5 ;g\ !(&# df k|fylds lzIffnfO{ lgz'Ns 3f]if0ff ul/of] . ;g\ !(&!–&^ cjlwdf

sfo{fGjog ePsf] /fli6«o lzIff Joj:yf of]hgfn] k|fylds lzIff lj:tf/ ug]{ sfo{df dxTjk"0f{

pknlAwx? xfl;n u¥of] . tyflk :yfgLo ljBfno Joj:yfkg ;ldltx?sf] clwsf/x?nfO{ lg:s[o kf/]/

lzIff k|0ffnLsf] ;Dk"0f{ Joj:yfkgsf] lhDdf ;/sf/ cfkm}n] lnPsf] sf/0fn] ubf{ o; of]hgfn] lzIffdf

:yfgLo hgtfsf] e"ldsfnfO{ lg?T;flxt kfg{ k'Uof] .

;g\ !(*) sf] bzsdf ;/sf/n] jfx\o cg'bfg ;xof]udf @ j6f gjLg cu'jf kl/of]hgfx? z'? u¥of] .

k|fylds lzIffnfO{ u|fdL0f ljsf;sf] ;+jfxs agfpg' tyf ljz]ift ljBfno hfg c;dy{ aflnsfx?nfO{

cgf}krfl/s lzIff k|bfg ug'{ oL kl/of]hgfx?sf] nIo lyP . ;g\ !(($ df cGt/f{li6«o ljsf; lgof]u

/ o'lg;]kmsf] cfly{s ;xof]udf ^ j6f lhNnfx?df k|fylds lzIff kl/of]hgf z'? ul/of] . ;g\ !(*)

29

sf] bzssf] pQ/fw{df k|fylds ljBfno tyf ljBfyL{x?sf] ;Vofdf tLa| a[l4 eof] . k|hftGqsf]

k'g:yfkgf kZrft ;g\ !((@ df ;/sf/n] lzIff Joj:yfsf] k'g{;+/rgf ug]{ p2]Zon] /fli6«o lzIff

cfof]u u7g u¥of] .

@+=@=!= ljZjsf cGo efux?df h:t} g]kfndf klg 5fqfx? eGbf 5fqx?sf] lzIff cufl8 b]lvof]] .

cGt/f{li6«o jx;x?df ;xefuL x'Fb} tyf aflnsfx?sf] nflu lzIffsf] dxTjnfO{ cfTdf;ft\ ub}{ >L % sf]

;/sf/n] aflnsfx?sf] ljBfno egf{ ;+Vof a9fpg,ljut tLg bzsdf ljleGg /0fgLltx?sf] ljsf;,

c+uLsf/ tyf sfo{fGjog u/]sf] 5 .

@=@=@ g]kfn clw/fHosf] ;+ljwfg @)$& n] s'g} klg wd{, hft, ljZjf;, lnË tyf dfGotfsf] cfwf/df

s;}nfO{ e]befj gul/g] s'/fsf] ;'lglZrttf k|bfg u/]sf] 5 . tyflk ;+ljwfgn] dlxnf, a[4, dflgl;s

tyf zf/Ll/s ?kn] czQm AolQm, ;fdflhs ?kn] cj;/x?af6 jlGrt tyf lzIffsf] If]qdf lk5l8Psf]

;d"xx?nfO{ sfg'g4f/f ljz]if Joj:yf ug{ ;lsg] s'/f atfPsf] 5 . dlxnfx?nfO{ lzIffsf] d"n wf/df

Nofpg ljz]if Wofg lbg' ;/sf/sf] st{Ao klg xf] .

@=@=#= klxnf] lzIff P]g, ;g\ !(&! df kfl/t ul/Psf] lyof] / o;nfO{ ;g\ !((@ sf] cS6f]a/df

;+zf]wg ul/of] . P]gsf] e"ldsfn] /fli6«o ljsf;df lzIffsf] dxTjnfO{ o;/L emNsfPsf] 5 M

æ/fi6« ljsf;sf nflu hgzlQm ljsf; ug{ tyf jx'bnLo k|hftflGqs Aoj:yf cg'?ksf] cfr/0f,

zfnLgtf / g}ltstf hgtfdf ljsf; ug{sf] nflu g]kfn clw/fHodf xfn ljBdfg ljBfnox?sf]

Aoj:yfkgdf ;'wf/ NofO{ u'0f:t/o"Qm lzIffsf] ;Djw{{g ug{ cToGt h?/L 5 .Æ

o;f] eGg ;lsG5 ls of] sfg'gn] s]6f tyf s]6L b'j} ;d"xx?sf] lzIffsf] s'/f u5{ / /fli6«o ljsf;df

dlxnf / k'?if b'j} ;d"xx?sf] tof/Ldf hf]8 lbG5 . t/ o;f] gx'g ;S5 . lsgls j]tgef]uL (Waged)

cy{ Aoj:yf / jx'bnLo Aoj:yfnfO{ ;+rfng ug{ cfjZos ;Lkx?sf] cfjZostfsf] s'/f ubf{ oL

k'?ifsf] sfo{ If]qx? x'g eGg ;lsG5 . To;}n] s]6LnfO{ s]6f ;/x lzIff lbg'sf] cf}lrTo g} b]lvb}g lyof]

. o:t} sfg"gL c8rg x6fpg ;g\ !((* ;Ddsf] sfg'gdf ^ j6f ;+zf]wg ul/;lsPsf] 5 . ;g\ @))@

sf] km]j|j/L & b]lv ;ftf}+ ;+zf]wg ;lxtsf] sfg'g nfu" 5 .

@=@=$ c+u|]hLdf cg'jfb ubf{ of] sfg'gel/ g} k'?if k|wfg gfdx? h:t} MÆk'?ifzlQmÆ, ÆpxfF÷pmÆ,

Æk|wfgcWofksÆ, Æ;efkltÆ, Æ;efkltTjÆ cflb k|of]u ul/Psf] kfOPsf] 5 . of] sfg'gn] dlxnfx?sf]

cj:yf pRr kfg]{ s'/f ub}{g . of] sfg'g k'?if s]Gb«Lt / n}lËs ?kdf kIfkftL 5 . ;g\ !((@ sf] lzIff

lgodfjnLdf eg] dlxnf ;/f]sf/ ;DaGwL s]xL bkmfx? ;dfj]z ul/Psf lyP .

of] sfg'g sf] bkmf b'O{df lhNnf lzIff ;ldltdf ! hgf dlxnf k|ltlglwsf] Aoj:yf ul/Psf]

5 . of] ;ldltdf pRr dfWolds, dfWolds, lgDg dfWolds / k|fYflds ljBfnox?af6 $ hgfsf]

k|ltlglwTj x'g] Aoj:yf 5 . ;a} ;b:ox? !) jif{sf] cg'ej k|fKt x'g' kb{5 .

tyflk lzIff ;]jf cfof]udf dlxnf ;b:osf] clgjfo{ Aoj:yf 5}g . of] cfof]un] l/Qm tyf ;/sf/4f/f

gofF l;lh{t kbx?sf] kbk"lt{ ug{'sf ;fy} j9'jfsf nflu ;d]t l;kmfl/z ub{5 .

bkmf b'O{df lhNnf lzIff clwsf/Ln] lhNnf lzIff ;ldltdf @ hgf ;b:ox? dgf]gog ug{ Aoj:yf

ul/Psf] 5 . oL b'O{ dWo]df ! hgf dlxnf x'g' kb{5 .

bkmf b'O{sf] v08 v df ufpF lzIff ;ldltdf ;dfh;]jL cyjf lzIffljb\ dWo]af6 ! hgf dlxnf

;b:o x'g'kg]{ Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 .

30

bkmf !@ -v_ df ljBfno Aoj:yfkg ;ldltdf cleefjsdWo]af6 pgLx? cfkm}+n] 5fg]sf] ! hgf

dlxnf ;b:o x'g'kg]{ Aoj:yf 5 .

æk|wfgfWofksÆ zAbsf] k|of]u ePaf6 sfg'gn] k'?if g} ljBfnosf] k|d'v x'g] s'/f l:jsf/ u/]sf]

b]lvG5 .

bkmf !^ 3 -@_ df aflnsf tyf ul/aLsf] /]vfd'lg afFlr/x]sf blnt tyf hghftL ;d"xsf

ljByL{x?nfO{ ljz]if Aoj:yfkg ul/g] s'/f pNn]v 5 .

ljBfno Aoj:yfkg ;ldltdf lg/LIfsx? tyf ;|f]]t AolQmx?nfO{ cfdGq0f ug]{ Aoj:yf 5, t/ dlxnf

k|ltlglwTjsf] s'g} k|;+u pNn]v 5}g . ælg/LIfs tyf ;|f]]t JolQmx?Æ k'?if g} x'g\ eg] h:tf] b]lvG5 .

;g\ !((@ sf] lgodfjnLdf k|fylds txdf slDtdf ! hgf dlxnf lzIfs x'g'kg]{ Aoj:yf 5 . of]

sfg'gn] :yfoL kbx?df cfjZos of]Uotfsf] lgwf{/0f ;d]t u/]sf] 5, h; cg';f/ k|fylds txsf nflu

k|j]lzsf jf ;f] ;/x k/LIff ptL0f{ u/L !) dlxg] lzIfs tflnd lnPsf] x'g'

kb{5 . lgDg dfWolds txsf nflu d'Vo ljifo lzIff lnO{ cyjf !) dlxg] tflnd lnO{ lzIff ljifodf

k|df0fkq tx ptL0f{ x'g' kb{5 .

@=@=% dlxnfnfO{ s]Gb«Lt u/L agfOPsf oL lgodfjnLx? ;a} 7fpFdf k"0f{?kn] nfu" ePsf t 5}gg\,

t/ logLx?n] lg0f{o lng] cËx?df dlxnfx?sf] 7"nf] dxTj ePsf] s'/fnfO{ eg] emNsfpF5g\ .

dlxnfx?sf] lzIf0f k]zfdf dxTj b]vfpg] sfg'gL Aoj:yf klg Pp6f k|d'v cu|ufdL sbd xf] .

@=# /fli6«o ljsf; of]hgfx?

/fli6«o of]hgfx?n] ;/sf/L sfo{;"rLx?sf] k|f?k k|i6\ofp5g\ / logLx? /0fgLlts ljsf;sf nflu sfd

ug{ dfWod x'g\ eGg] k|i6 kfb{5 . oL of]hgfx?n] dlxnfsf] ljsf; tyf aflnsfx?nfO{ lzIff If]qdf

k|f]T;fxg lbOg'kg]{ cfjZostfnfO{{ l9nf] eP klg a9\bf] ultdf l:jsf/ u/]sf 5g\ .

@=#=! ;/sf/n] dlxnfx?sf] ljsf; ;DaGwL d'2fx?nfO{ cfkmgf] kfFrf}+ of]hgf -!(&%–*)_ b]lv

;dfj]z ug{ yfn]sf] xf] . of] of]hgfdf k|f}9 ;fIf/tf / u[x lj1fgdf ;+nUg dlxnfx?nfO{ ;Lkd"ns

tflnd h:tf ljifox? ;dfj]z ul/Psf lyP . kfFrf} of]hgfdf aflnsfx?sf] egf{ ;+Vof a9fpg] p2]Zon]

k|fylds ljBfnox?df dlxnf lzIfssf] Aoj:yf ul/g] s'/fsf] ls6fg ul/Psf] lyof] .

@=#=@ 5}7f} of]hgf -!(*)–*%_ dlxnf ;DaGwL Pp6f k|d'v pknlAw lyof] . of] of]hgfdf dlxnf

ljsf; ;DaGwL Pp6f 5'6\6} cWofosf] Joj:yf lyof] . of] of]hgfn] z}lIfs nfeaf6 dlxnfx?n] alGrt

x'g' k/]sf] ljleGg If]qx?df ljz]if sfo{qmdåf/f pgLx?nfO{ z}lIfs cj;/ k|bfg ug{ ;lsg] s'/f

p7fPsf] lyof] .

@=#=# ;ftf} / cf7f}+ of]hgfx? dlxnf ;DaGwL d'2fx?df cem a9\bf s]lGbt lyP . ;ftf} of]hgfdf b'u{d

If]qx?sf hgtfsf nflu lzIffdf kx'Fr a9fpg ljz]if Joj:yf ug]{ aflnsfx?nfO{ 5fqj[lQsf] Joj:yf

ug]{ tyf 5fqfjf; / cGo ;'ljwfx?sf] k|jGw ul/g] h:tf ljifox?df s]lGb|t lyof] .

@=#=$ cf7f}+ of]hgfn] k|fylds ljBfnox?df dlxnf lzIfsx?sf] ;+Vof tyf cgf}krfl/s If]qx?df

dlxnfx?sf] ;xeflutf a[l4 u/]/ lzIff If]]qdf dlxnfsf] ;xeflutf a9fpg] s'/fdf ljz]if hf]8 lbOof] .

o; afx]s, of] of]hgfdf ljsf;df dlxnfsf] sNof0fsf/L cjwf/0ff

-h;df dlxnfnfO{ k'?if s]lGb|t d"n k|jfxdf k'¥ofpg pgLx?s]f cj:yf ;'wfg{ ;xof]u ul/g]_ af6

PsLs[t n}lËs cjwf/0fftkm{ km8\sf] dfg]{ k|of; eof] . oL k|s[ofnfO{ h]08/ / ljsf; cjwf/0ff eGg]

ul/G5 . h;df s]6L / s]6f tyf dlxnf / k'?ifx?sf ljlzi6 cfjZostfx?nfO{ Pp6} s]lGb|o sfo{qmd

31

cGtu{t k"lt{ ul/G5 . -df]h/, !(*(_ . o:tf of]hgfx?df /0fgLlt tyf p2]Zox?nfO{ n}lËs

b[li6sf]0faf6 x]l/g'sf ;fy} tYofÍx?nfO{ n}lËs b[li6sf]0faf6 ljefhg ul/G5 / cg'z/0f tyf d"NofÍg

sfo{x?df b'j} lnËsf ;xefuLx? s] slt nfeflGjt x'g ;s] eGg] ljifodf Wofg lbOG5 .

@=#=% c;n lgot x'Fbfx'Fb} klg gLlt tyf sfof{Gjog If]qaLrdf d]n gvfPsf w]/} pbfx/0fx? e]l6G5g\

. ljBfnodf dlxnf lzlIfsfsf] Joj:yf o:tf pbfx/0fx?dWo] Ps xf] . h'g xfn;Dd sfod} 5 .

dlxnfnfO{ lzIfssf] ?kdf tof/ kfg]{ sfo{qmd t NofOof] t/ pgLx?sf] lgo'lQmnfO{ ;'lglZrttf k|bfg

ug]{ sfo{ eg] s7Lg 5 . ;g\ !((@ df k|fylds ljBfnox?df slDtdf ! hgf dlxnf lzIfs clgjfo{

/fVg' kg]{ gLlt lgdf0f{ ug{' k"j{ oL lzIfsx?sf] lgo'lQm af/] 7f]; gLlt NofOPsf] lyPg . klxn]g} elgP

em}+ of] gLlt sfo{fGjog ug{ k|z:t sl7gfOx? 5g\ .

@=#=^ gjf}+ of]hgf -!((^–@))@_ / df=lz=lj=k= SSDP -!(((–@))@_ df bL3{sfnLg sfo{qmd /

b[li6sf]0fdf hf]8 lbOPsf] 5 . ;/sf/n] of] bz jif]{ of]hgfsf] cGt;Dd xfnsf] % jif]{ cfwf/e"t

lzIffsf] cjlwnfO{ a9fP/ * jif{ k'¥ofpg] of]hgf u/]sf] 5 . o:tf] Aoj:yfnfO{ ;a} afnaflnsfx?

ljBfno hfg] jftfj/0f tyf clgjfo{ ?kn] ljBfno egf{ x'g'kg]{ sfg'gL Aoj:yfnfO{ ;'lglZrttf k|bfg

ug]{ ;/sf/sf] ljZjf; 5 . gjf}+ of]hgfn] ljz]if u/L lzIff If]qdf h]08/ / ljsf; sf] cjwf/0ffnfO{

klxnf] kN6 clËsf/ u¥of] . of] of]hgfn] dlxnfx?nfO{ lzIffdf cj;/x? j[l4 u/]/ tyf kx'Frsf] lj:tf/

u/]/ n}lËs ;dfgtf xfl;n ug]{ nIo lnPsf] 5 . n}lËu b[li6sf]0faf6 dxTjk"0f{ Pp6f p2]Zo o:tf] 5 M

æn}lËs ;dfgtf j[l4 ug{ dlxnf lzIffsf cj;/x? pknAw u/fpg' tyf kx'Fr lj:tf/ ug'{ .Æ -gjf}

of]hgf, k[= ^!$ _

b'O{ j6f /0fgLltx? k|i6 ?kd} s]lGb|t 5g\–klxnf], n}lËs ;dfgtf k|flKtsf] nflu cfwf/e"t tyf

k|fylds lzIff pknAw u/fP/ / bf];|f], lzIffdf n}lËs ;xeflutf j[l4 ug{ k|efjsf/L gLltx?sf]

Aoj:yf u/L dlxnfsf] lzIffdf kx'Frsf] lj:tf/ u/]/ .

æn}lËs ;dfgtfsf] b[li6sf]0faf6 cfjZostf dx;'; ul/Psf sdhf]/ ju{, hghftL tyf z}lIfs

cj;/af6 alGrt ;d'bfox?nfO{ cfwf/e"t tyf k|fylds lzIff pknAw u/fOg] 5 . h;n] lzIffdf

u'0f:t/sf] kIfnfO{ ljsf; ug{ ljz]if hf]8 lbOg] 5 .Æ -gjf}+ of]hgf, k[i7 ^!%_

@=#=^=! of]hgfdf JoQm cGo ljj/0fx? ;fdfGo k|sf/sf / n}lËs b[li6sf]0faf6 t6:y 5g\ .

pbfx/0fsf nflu kx'Frsf] If]qdf elgPsf] 5 M

æk|fylds lzIffdf hgtfsf] kx'Fr ;lhnf] agfpgsf nflu k|fylds lzIff lj:tf/} clgjfo{ agfOb}

nlug]5 .Æ -gjf}+ of]hgf, !((&, k[= ^!#_

ælzIffsf cj;/x? ;lhn} pknAw u/fOg] 5g\ / lk5l8Psf hghftL tyf zf]lift ju{sf

s]6fs]6Lx?nfO{ 5fqj[lQ k|bfg ul/g]5 .Æ -pxL, k[= ^!$_

@=^=^=@ Pp6f p2]Zo n}lËs b[li6sf]0faf6 k"jf{u|xL 5 M

æpRrtxdf k|fljlws hgzlQm k"lt{ ug{sf nflu pRr k|fljlws lzIff lj:tf/ ul/g] 5 .Æ –pxL, k[=

^!$_

o;n] k|fljlws lzIff dlxnfx?;Fu ;DalGwt 5}g eGg] s'/f k|i6 ?kdf b]vfpF5 .

@=#=^=# s]xL sfof{Gjog ul/Psf /0fgLltx? n}lËs b[li6sf]0faf6 t6:y 5g\ M

32

æcj;/x?af6 jlGrt b'u{d If]qdf j;f]jf; ug]{ / lk5l8Psf ;d'bfox?nfO{ lzIffdf lgz'Ns kx'Fr lbO{

;dfg ;xeflutf j[l4 ug{ hf]8 lbOg]5 .Æ -pxL k[=^!%_

@=#=^=$ gjf}+ of]hgfn] lzIffnfO{ dfgj ljsf;sf] k|efjsf/L dfWodsf] ?kdf ljsf; ug]{ nIo lnPsf]

5 . t/ lzIffdf pknlAw k|flKtsf] ;Gbe{df o;sf p2]Zox? n}lËs b[li6sf]0faf6 t6:y 5g\ . h:t} M

æ;fIf/tf sfo{qmdnfO{ ;Lk, 1fg tyf ;"rgfsf If]qx?tkm{ pGd"v u/fP/ o:tf sfo{qmdx?nfO{ /fli6«o

cleofgsf] ?kdf ;+rfng ug]{Æ -pxL k[= ^!$_

o;sf /0fgLltx? lzIffdf u'0f:t/ ljsf; ug]{ ljifodf s]lGb|t 5g\, h'g n}lËs ;dfgtf sfod ug{

cfjZos sdhf]/ ju{, hghftL / lzIffsf] cj;/af6 jlGrt ;d'bfox? dfem k'¥ofOg]5 . k|fylds

lzIff dft[efiff tyf /fi6«efiff k|bfg u/L pknlAwsf] :t/df ;'wf/ Nofpg] /0fgLlt t 5, t/ of] n}lËs

ljifodf df}g 5 . o;sf /0fgLltx? kf7\oqmd, kf7\ok':ts tyf lzIffdf ;dfof]lrt tyf pko'Qm ;'wf/

ug'{kg]{ ljifodf s]lGb|t 5g\ . t/ ToxfF klg n}lËs ;dfgtfsf] dxTj af/] af]lnPsf] 5}g .

@=#=^=% gjf}+ of]hgfdf ;d'bfosf] ;s[o ;xeflutfsf] dfWodaf6 ef}lts, dfgjLO tyf z}lIfs

;+/rgfx?nfO{ cem ;'b[9 agfpg] /0fgLlt agfOPsf] 5 . o;n] lzIfs, lzlIfsfx?sf] lgo'lQm d"NofÍg,

a9'jf / k]zfut ljsf;, lzIf0f tflnd tyf k|jw{g / pTk]|/s sfo{qmdx?sf] ;'wf/ ub}{ lzIf0f k]zfsf]

bIftf j[l4 ug]{ of]hgfx?sf] rrf{ u/]sf] 5 . Pp6f pbfx/0f oxfF pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 M

ælzIf0f k]zfnfO{ cem a9L ;Ddflgt / pQ/bfoL agfpg lzIfsx?sf] lgo'lQm d"NofÍg, a9'jf /

k]zfut ljsf; h:tf If]qx?df ;'wf/ ul/g]5 . lzIffsf] k]zfut kIfnfO{ tflndsf] dfWodaf6 cem

;'b[9 t'NofOg]5 M k]zfut pTk|]/0ff, k|lta4tf / cfTdljZjf; ljsf; ug{ k|]/0ffbfoL sfo{qmdx?

;+rfng ul/g] 5g\ -pxL k[= ^!^_

dlxnf lzIfsx?sf] ;+Vofdf a[l4 ug{ ljz]if c8\rgsf] ?kdf /x]sf] tflnd tyf kbf]Ggltsf] dfWodaf6

pgLx?sf] Ifdtf a[l4 ug'{kg]{ ljifo st} pNn]v 5}g / of] k|;+unfO{ o;kl5 Jojf:tf ul/Psf] 5 .

b"\/ lzIff tyf cGo pko'Qm dfWodx?af6 / 5f]6f tyf k'gtf{huL tflndsf dfWodaf6 slDtdf

k|fylds txsf lzIfsx?nfO{ cfwf/e"t lzIf0f tflnd k|bfg ul/g] s'/fdf /0fgLlt s]lGb|t 5 . t/ oxfF

klg dlxnf lzIfsx?sf] k|;+u p7fOPsf] 5}g .

@=#=^=^ gjf}+ of]hgfn] :yfgLo ;xeflutfdf a[l4 ug]{ p2]Zon] lzIffsf] Aoj:yfkgnfO{ ljs]lGb|t ug{

k|efjsf/L gLlt NofOg] rrf{ u/]sf] 5 . t/ ljs]lGb|t Aoj:yfdf dlxnfsf] ;xeflutfnfO{ ;'lglZrttf

k|bfg ug]{ pkfox? af/] pNn]v u/]sf] 5}g . lzIffsf] u'0f:t/ tyf lzIff d+qfnosf] ;Ë7gfTds

;'wf/sf] dfWodaf6 o;sf] Ifdtf a[l4 ug{ gjf}+ of]hgfn] lzIff dGqfno cGtu{t ;+rflnt of]hgfx?

PsLs[t ug'{kg]{ sfo{sf] dxTj af/]d rrf{ u/]sf] 5 .

/fli6«o cfjZostf tyf /fli6«o / cGt/f{li6«o kl/l:yltx? ;d]tnfO{ dWogh/ /fVb} kf7\qmdnfO{

;+zf]wg ul/g'kg]{ cfjZostfnfO{ gjf}+ of]hgfn] jf]w u/]sf] 5 . o;df kf7\ok':ts ljt/0f k|0ffnLnfO{

;/n agfpg] sfo{qmdx? ;dfj]z 5g\ .

@=#=^=& bzf}+ of]hgfsf] d:of}bf k|ltj]bg k|fylds lzIff clgjfo{ agfpg'kg]{ cfjZostfdf s]lGb|t 5

/ o;n] aflnsfx? tyf cNk;+Vos / ;'ljwfaf6 alGrt ;d'bfox?sf] ;xeflutf a9fOg'kg]{ ljifonfO{

dxTjsf ;fy p7fPsf] 5 .

33

o;sf /0fgLltn] k|f}9 lzIff tyf ;'ljwfaf6 alGrt ;d'bfox?df n}lËs ;+t'ngdf hf]8 lbPsf 5g\ /

oL /0fgLltx?n] aflnsfx?nfO{ 5fqj[lQ k|bfg ug'{kg]{ cfjZostfsf] jf]w u/]sf 5g\ . dlxnf lzlIfsx?

af/]df of] of]hgfn] ls6]/ eg]sf] 5 M

æk|fylds txdf dlxnf lzlIfsfnfO{ clgjfo{ lgo'lQm ug'{kg]{ gLltnfO{ k|efjsf/L kfl/g] 5Æ

tfklg cGo /0fgLltx? vf;u/L Ifdtf clej[l4;Fu ;DalGwt ljifox? n}lËs ?kdf t6:y 5g\ /

ltgLx?n] lzIffsf] Joj:yfkgdf dlxnfsf] ;xeflutf a9fpg'kg]]{ cfjZostfsf] rrf{ u/]sf 5}gg\ .

@=$ cf=k|f=lz+=k= bf];|f] sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog of]hgfsf] n}lËs ljZn]if0f

cf=k|f=lz+=k= bf];|f] ;a}sf nflu lzIff lj:tf/ ul/g'kg]{ cGt/f{li6«o k|lta4tf cg'?k cfPsf] 5 / o;nfO{

gjf}+ of]hgf -!((&–@))@_ / df=lz=lj=k=/SSDP -!(((–@))$_ df hf]8 lbOPsf] bL3{sfnLg

b[li6sf]0f cg';f/ ljsf; ul/Psf] 5 . sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog of]hgf n] gLltx?nfO{ /0fgLlts

sfo{qmdx?sf] ?kdf k|i6fpFb5 .

@=$=! sfo{fGjog of]hgfnfO{ cfwf/ agfP/ k"0f{ sfo{qmdnfO{ cg'z/0f / d"NofÍg ug'{ ufxf/f] sfd xf] .

lsgeg] w]/}h;f] cg'z/0f tyf d"NofÍg ;"rsx? ls6fg ul/Psf 5}gg . nIox? k|ltzt a[l4sf] pNn]v

gul/sg k|fo k|ltztdf JoQm ul/Psf 5g\ h:t} M

æÜ lzlIfsfnfO{ lgoldt tflnd sfo{qmd cGtu{t CAS tflnd k|bfg ul/of] .Æ

-cf=k|f=lz+=k= bf];|f] sfo{ of]hgf cg';"lr # sfo{;Dkfbg ;"rsx?, p2]Zo !, $.#*_

o; afx]s, cg';"lr–! / # aLrdf tf/tDo e]6fpg / sfo{qmdsf ljleGg efux?nfO{ p2]Zo /

pkfox?;Fu tfnd]n :yflkt ug{ sl7g 5 . o;sf ;fy} n}lËs ?kn] ls6fg ul/Psf nIox?sf]

cefjdf sfo{qmdsf] s]6f tyf s]6Lx?df k/]sf] k|efj af/] n}lËs b[li6sf]0faf6 d"NofÍg ug{ ufxf/f] 5 .

@=$=@ bL3{sfnLg nIo

æljBfno hfg;Sg] pd]/ ;d"xsf jx';+Vos afnaflnsfx?n] u'0f:t/Lo -% jif]{_ k|fylds ljBfno

lzIff k'/f ug]{ 5g\, h;nfO{ ;fd'bflos, lhNnf:tl/o / /fli6«o ;+:yfx?af6 ;xof]u k|fKt x'g]5 .Æ -

cg';"lr ! k[= != sf of] !(((–@))@_

oxfF nIonfO{ n}lËs ?kdf ls6fg ul/Psf] 5}g / o;n] afns / aflnsf b'j} ;d"xnfO{ hgfpF5 eGg t

;lsG5 tfklg ;d'bfojfrs æafnaflnsfx?Æ eGbf b'O{ b'O{j6f 5'6\6} gfd k|of]u ePsf] eP of] cem

k|i6 x'g] lyof] .

@=$=# ljsf;sf dWosfnLg p2]Zox?df rfxL aflnsfx? af/] ls6fg ul/Psf] 5 M

æs'zn / u'0f:tl/o cfwf/e"t / k|fylds lzIffsf] of]hgf ug{ tyf hgtf dfem k'¥ofpg /fli6«o /

;fd'bflos ;+:yfx?nfO{ ;'b[9 kfl/g] 5, h;n] ubf{ z}lIfs pknlAwdf a[l4 x'g]5 / vf;u/L aflnsf /

;'ljwfaf6 a+lrt ;d'bfox? dfem lzIffsf] Gofof]lrt kx'Fr k'Ug]5 .Æ

-cg';"lr !, k[=, sf= sf= of]=!(((–@))@_

34

@=$=$ sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog of]hgfdf n}lËs b[li6sf]0fsf] ;du| sfo{qmddf dxTj /x]sf] s'/f bzf{OPsf]

5 .

æn}lËs d'2fx? sfo{qmdsf] ;Dk"0f{ efux?;Fu ufl;Psf 5g\ . kf7\oqmd tyf kf7\o ;fdu|Lx?af6 n}lËs

k"jf{u|xnfO{ x6fOg] 5 . aflnsfx?sf] nflu n}lËs b[li6sf]0f t6:y /x]sf ;+b]zx? / ;sf/fTds ;Gb]z

lbg] cg's/0fLo JolQmTjx? kf7\o k':tsdf ;dfj]z ul/g] 5g\ . lzIfsx?sf] tflnddf n}lËs

;r]tgfnfO{ ;dfj]z ul/g]5, h;n] ubf{ k"jf{u|xL ;Gb]zx? k|s6 k|ToIf jf ck|ToIf ?kn] k|jflxt x'g]

5}gg\ . k|zf;sx?nfO{ ;d]t n}lËs b[li6sf]0faf6 ;Dj]bgzLn kfl/g] 5 . lgoldt lzIfs tflnd

sfo{qmdx?df n}lËs hfu/0f ;DaGwL ljifox? ;dfj]z ul/g] 5g\ . -cf=k|f=lz=k= bf];|f] sf= sf=of= cg'=

@=#=$&, k[@$_

dflysf] egfO{n] jf:tjd} n}lËs cfodnfO{ sfo{qmdsf ;Dk"0f{ If]qx?df PsLs[t ul/g'kg]{ ljifosf]

dxTjnfO{ emNsfpF5, t/ of] efjgfnfO{ o;kl5 of]hgfdf lg/Gt/tf lbOPsf] 5}g .

@=$=% n}lËs ?kdf lsl6Psf gLltx?n] aflnsfx?sf] kx'Fr, z}lIfs lg/Gt/tf / pknlAw a[l4 ug{

k|fyldsb]lv ljlzi6 pkfox?sf] rrf{ u/]sf 5g\ . logLx?n] gLltut p2]Zo / k|flKtdf ;xof]u ub{5g\

M

æaflnsf tyf ;'ljwfaf6 a+lrt ;d"xsf afnaflnsfx?sf] cfwf/e"t tyf k|fylds lzIffdf Gofof]lrt

kx'Frsf] a[l4 ug'{Æ

To;}n] kx'Fr / lg/Gt/tfsf] t];|f] efu æaflnsfx?sf nflu lzIffÆ df pNn]lvt pkfox? n}lËs

b[li6sf]0fo'Qm 5g\ . 5fqj[lQ tyf 5fqfjf; sfo{qmd o;sf pbfx/0fx? x'g\ .

cg';"lr ! df gelgP klg cg';"lr # sf] p2]Zo ^ n] :ki6 ?kn] k|f}9 ;fIf/tfsf] pkfox?sf] rrf{ u5{

M

æljz]ifu/L dlxnf lzIff sfo{qmddf dlxnfx?sf] kx'Fr a9fOg' k5{ / k|f}9x?af6 o;sf] dfudf a[l4 x'g'

k5{ .Æ - cf=k|f=lz+=k= bf];|f], sf= sf= of]= cg';"lr #, p2]Zo ^, k[= $_ p2]Zo $ n] eG5 M

æ;fd'bflos Joj:yfkgsf] dfWodaf6 ljBfnosf] ef}lts jftfj/0fsf] u'0f:t/df ;'wf/ NofOg' k5{Æ

of] p2]Zon] aflnsfx?sf] rrf{ gu/] tfklg sf=sf=of]= sf] cg';"lr ! df pNn]lvt /0fgLltx?n]

k|fyldstf k|fKt lhNnfx?sf] 5gf}6 ug]{ k|s[ofdf pgLx?sf] rrf{ ub{5g\ . lhNnfx?sf] 5gf}6 ubf{

aflnsf / ;'ljwfaf6 alGrt afnaflnsfx?sf] ;a}eGbf Go"g s"=e=b= (GER) ePsf lhNnfx? 5fGg'kg]{

pNn]v 5 . s"n egf{ b/ (GER) / aflnsfx?sf] s"=e=b= qmd;M !)) / ^) eGbf sd ePsf lhNnfx?

5fGg'kg]{ dfkb08 lgwf{/0f ul/Psf] 5 .

@=$=^ z}lIfs pknlAw a[l4 ug{ ;Dk"0f{ 5fqf tyf sIff ! b]lv # ;Ddsf 5fqfx?nfO{ lgz'Ns

kf7\ok':ts ljt/0f ug'{ n}lËs ?kdf ls6]/ NofOPsf] Ps dfq gLlt xf] .

Ifdtf clea[l4sf nflu n}lËs b[li6sf]0f s]lGb|t ul/Psf] Psdfq gLlt cyjf /0fgLlt o:tf]

5 M

æl/Qm kbx?df egf{ ul/g] lzIfsx?dWo] %)Ü dlxnf x'g'kg]{ 5 .Æ -cf=k|f=lz+=k= bf];|f], sf=sf=of]=

cg';"lr !, k[=#_

lzIff ljefusf] :yfkgf ug{ sfof{Gjog ul/g] gLlt cGtu{tsf] /0fgLltn] eG5 M

35

æk|fljlws ?kn] ;Ifd dlxnf / k'?if b'j}nfO{ ;d"xaf6 lgo'lQm lbg'kg]{ 5Æ

-cf=k|f=lz+=k= bf];|f],sf=sf=of]= cg';"lr !, k[ bf];|f]_

@=$=&= n}lËs b[li6sf]0faf6 ls6]/ NofOPsf] gLlt tyf /0fgLltx?n] n}lËs d'2f / aflnsfx?sf] lzIff

sfo{qmdx?nfO{ sfo{qmdsf] d"nk|jfxdf Nofpg d2t u5{g\ . n}lËs b[li6sf]0f gx'Fbf gLltx? of t n}lËs

?kdf ;Dj]bglxg 5g\ of t t6:y 5g\ . ljz]ift Ifdtf clej[l4 / z}lIfs pknlAwsf If]qx?df o:tf]

ePsf] k|i6} b]Vg ;lsG5 . h:t} M

æ;/sf/L k|fylds ljBfnosf lzIfsx?sf] ;+Vof ;g\ !((( s} ;Ldfdf cyf{t *#,))) /xg'kg]{Æ -

cf=k|f=lz+=k= bf];|f] sf=sf=of]=, cg';"lr !, k[=#_ s"n lzIfsx?dWo] dlxnf / k'?if lzIfsx?sf] ;+Vof

ls6]/ atfOg' kYof]{ .

@=$=*= lzIffnfO{ ljs]lGb|t ug]{ gLlt n}lËs ?kdf ;Djbglxg 5 lsgeg] g t o;n] lhNnf /

;d'bfodf dlxnfx?sf] Ifdtf clej[l4 u/L pgLx?sf] of] k|lqmofdf k|efjsf/L ;xeflutf ljsf; ug]{

s'/f u/]sf] 5 g t k|ltlglwd"ns ;ldltx?df pgLx?sf] 7"n} ;xeflutf /xg] pNn]v u/]sf] 5 .

@=$=( lzIfsx?sf] tflnd / kbf]Gglt ;DaGwL gLlt / /0fgLltx? n}lËs ?kdf lsl6Psf eP

logLx?sf] k|efjsfl/tf cem a9\g] lyof] / tflnd k|fKt ug'{kg]{ dlxnf / k'?if lzIfsx?sf] ;+Vof

5'6\6f5'6\6} /fVg] Joj:yfn] sfo{qmdnfO{ dlxnf / k'?if b'j} ;d"xsf lzIfsx?n] k|fKt u/]sf pknlAw

d"NofÍg ug{ ;lhnf] x'g] lyof] . o:tf nIo gePsf] sf/0fn] dlxnf eGbf k'?if lzIfsx?nfO{ tflnddf

k|fyldstf lbg] ;j{JofkL k|rng 5 . dlxnf lzIfsx?;Fusf] 5nkmnaf6 s] b]lvof] eg] pgLx?

tflnddf ;xefuL eP tfklg k'?if lzIfsx?n] g} k|fyldstf kfpg] u/]sf 5g\ .

@=$=!) n}lËs ljZn]if0fn] s] b]vfpF5 eg] sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog of]hgf k'?if s]lGb|t 5, o;n] n}lËs

d'2fx?nfO{ lzIffsf] d"nk|jfxdf PsLs[t u/]sf] 5}g / o;n] aflnsfx?sf] nflu NofOPsf ljz]if

pkfox? / cNk;+Vos ;d"xx?sf nflu NofOPsf pkfox?nfO{ l;4fGttM hf]8]/ x]/]sf] 5 .

@=$=!! bft[;+:yfx?åf/f cfly{s ;xof]u k|fKt of] kl/of]hgfdf k|i6 / s]lGb|t n}lËs b[li6sf]0fsf] cefj

lg/fzhgs 5 lsgeg] n}lËs d'2fx?nfO{ sfo{qmd / of]hgfdf PsLs[t ug'{ o"/f]k]nL cfof]u / ljZj

a}+ssf] k|fyldstfleq kb{5g\ . o"/f]k]nL cfof]un] dxf lgb]{zssf nflu ljz]if ?kn] tof/ kfl/Psf]

k|ltj]bg ædlxnf / ljsf;sf nflu /fli6«o pkfox?Æ -lag{ cflb, !((^_ a'emfPsf] lyof], h;df cGo

b]zsf cg'ejx? ;dfj]z ul/Psf lyP . of] k|ltj]bgn] ljsf;sf /fli6«o of]hgf / ah]6df n}lËs

d'2fx? ;dfj]z ug{ k|i6;+u ljz]if /0fgLlt / dfWodx? af/] atfPsf] 5 .

bft[;+:yfx?n] ;fjwfgL ckgfpg'kg]{ s'/f s] klg xf] eg] M

æljsf; p2]Zo / ltgnfO{ k|fKt ug{ k|of]u ul/g] dfWodx?df dlxnfsf b[li6sf]0fx?nfO{ lg/Gt/ ?kn]

kfvf nufOPsf] 5 .Æ -uf]h, !((&_

@=% cf=k|f=lz=k= bf];|f] ah]6sf] n}lËs ljZn]if0f

t];|f] v08 æaflnsfx?sf] nflu lzIff Æ zLif{sdf d'Vo nufgL of]hgfsf] !Ü ah]6 ljlgof]hg ul/Psf]

5 . olb bf];|f] v08 æj}slNks lzIf0fÆ zLif{sdf 5'6\ofOPsf] #=%#^ ldlnog cd]l/sL 8n/nfO{ ;d]t

hf]8\g] xf] eg] of] $=Ü x'g cfpF5 . sfo{qmdsf] dWofjlw nIodf æljz]if u/L aflnsfx?sf] nfluÆ

pknlAw / kx'Fr a[l4 ul/g] k|;ËnfO{ ljrf/ ubf{ of] k|ltzt jf:tj d} sd ePsf] dx;'; x'G5 . lzIff

If]qdf n}lËs d"Nof°gsf] k|ltj]bgn] ;g\ @))!÷)@ sf] s"n lzIff ah]6sf] !Ü ah]6 aflnsf /

dlxnfsf] ljz]if sfo{qmdsf nflu ljlgof]hg ul/Psf] s'/f n]v]sf] 5 . -Go" P/f, h'g @))! _

36

@=%=!= n}lËs b[li6sf]0faf6 eGg' kbf{ b'O{vfn] sfo{qmdx? b]lvG5g\ klxnf], dlxnf / k'?if b'j}sf] nflu

;fdfGo sfo{qmd / bf];|f], dlxnfx?sf] nflu dfq–aflnsf / dlxnfx?sf] nflu ljz]if sfo{qmdx? hxfF

bf];|f] k|sf/sf] sfo{qmdx? dfq 5'6\ofOPsf] ah]6leq kb{5g\ .

;g\ @))@÷)! sf] ah]6df ;dfj]z ljleGg sfo{qmdx?df ah]6 ljlgof]hg M

sfo{qmd ljlgof]lht /sd –bz nfvdf_ k|ltzt

aflnsf / dlxnf ljz]if -k|yd / bf];|f]

k|sf/_

dlxnf tyf k'?ifb'j} ;d"xnfO{ nfe k'Ug]

sfo{qmdx? -k|yd k|sf/_

!!^=#

!!,^##=@

!=)

((

s"n !!,&$(=% !))

;|f]tM Go" P/f, @))!

@=%=@= Go" P]/fåf/f tof/ ul/Psf] k|ltj]bg cg';f/ ;g\ @)))÷)! sf] ah]6dWo] ? $$)$=@ ldlnog

;fj{hlgs k|fylds ljBfnotkm{ / ? @@*% ldlnog ;fj{hlgs lgDg dfWolds / dfWolds

ljBfnox? tkm{ ljlgof]hg ul/Psf] lyof] . ;fj{hlgs ljBfnox?nfO{ k|bfg ul/g] ;/sf/L cg'bfgs]f

7"nf] c+z dfq z}lIfs / k|zf;lgs If]qx?sf] nflu pknAw x'G5 . lzIff ljefusf] ;g\ !((( sf]

tYofÍdf pNn]v eP cg';f/ dlxnf lzIfsx?sf] ;+Vof @#=*Ü lyof], To;n] Tolt g} cyf{t @#Ü ah]6

pgLx?sf] nflu vr{ ePsf] x'g' kb{5 eGg] lgisif{ lgsfNg ;lsG5 .

sfo{qmd sfo{fGjog of]hgfdf ;g\ !(((–@))@ cjlwsf]] nflu ljlgof]lht ah]6

sfo{qmd ? bz nfvdf cd]l/sL 8n/ bz

nfvdf

hDdf d"=n=of]= hDdf d"=n=of]=

kx'Fr / z}lIfs lg/Gt/tf #*$^ @*&$ %^=%** $@=@&(

!= ljBfno ef}lts ;'ljwfx? @!%! !%$! #!=^$) @@=^^!

@ j}slNks lzIf0f @$) @$) #=%#^ #=%#^

# aflnsfx?sf] lzIff %^ %^ )=*#) )=*#)

$ nlIot ;d"xx?sf] nflu lzIff @$ @$ )=#^) )=#^)

% ljz]if lzIff #*@ #*@ %=^@) %=^@)

^ z}zjsfn ljsf; @#@ @#@ #=$)% #=$)%

& ;d'bfo kl/rfng *# *# !=@!( !=@!(

* ;fIf/tf sfo{qmd ^&* #!^ (=(&* $=^$&

lzIf0f pknlAw #^#* @!&( %#=%)^ #@=)$^

( kf7\oqmd / kf7\o k':ts !@)^ !#( !&=&#$ @=)@$

!) lg/Gt/ d"NofÍg (@# (@# !#=%&@ !#=%&@

!! ;d"xdf cfwfl/t lgoldt tflnd !!!& !!!& !^=$#& !^=$&@

!@ k|df0fkq lzIfs tflnd k|0ffnL #(& – %=&^* –

Ifdtf clea[l4 @%$) @%#( #&=#%# #&=##(

!# lzIff ljefusf] ;'b[9Ls/0f $^% $^$ ^=*#! ^=*!&

!$ lhNNff of]hgf k|s[ofsf] ;'b[9Ls/0f (*& (*& !$=%!# !$=%!#

!% :yfgLo Ifdtf clea[l4 ^&* ^&* (=(&@ (=(&@

!^ d"=n=of]= sfo{qmd Joj:yfkg @%* @%* #=&(& #=&(&

37

-lzIff ljefu_

!& k|fljlws ;xof]u ;Nnfxsf/ ;d"x

-k|f=;=;=;=_

!%@ !%@ @=@$) @=@$)

s"n ljsf; ah]6 !))@$ &%(@ !$&=$$& !!!=^^$

lgoldt ah]6 !())^ – @&(=%)% –

s"n sfo{qmd vr{ @()#) &%(@ $@^=(%@ !!!=^^$

;|f]t M cf=k|f=lz=k=sf=sf=of]= !(((

@=%=# s"n vr{dWo] s]lGb|o nufgL of]hgfdf (CIP) pNn]lvt /fli6«o:t/sf sfo{qmdx?sf nflu %%=*

ldlnog cd]l/sL 8n/ 5'6\ofOPsf] 5, h'g s"n vr{sf] %)Ü x'g cfpF5 . afFsL %)Ü lhNnf /

ljBfno:tl/o sfo{qmdx?sf] nflu 5'6\ofPsf] 5 . kx'Fr / z}lIfs lg/Gt/tf zLif{sdf ljlgof]hg

ul/Psf] /sd s"n ljsf; ah]6sf] #*Ü x'g cfpF5 .

æaflnsfx?sf] nflu lzIffÆ zLif{sdf dlxnfnfO{ ljlgof]hg ul/Psf] /sdleq ljBfno ;'ljwf, dlxnf

lzIfs, cltl/Qm s[ofsnfk / v'nf lzIf0f k4ltx? kb{5g\ . cj;/af6 alGrt If]qsf aflnsfx?sf]

nflu ljBfno sfo{qmd zLif{saf6 %^ ldlnog cd]l/sL 8n/ 5'§fPsf] 5 . of] /sd s"n sfo{qmd

vr{sf] )=!(Ü x'G5 eg] kx'Fr / z}lIfs lg/Gt/tf zLif{ssf] !=$%Ü x'g cfpF5 .

@=%=$ k|fylds ljBfnodf egf{ ePsf aflnsfx?sf] cg'kft s"n ;+Vof -lghL ljBfnox?df ;d]t

u/L_ sf] $=^Ü x'g cfpF5 . To;}n] aflnsfx?sf] nflu ul/Psf] vr{ s"n /sdsf] $=^Ü df lghL

If]qsf] nufgL 36fpFbf k|fKt x'g] /sd xf] eGg ;lsG5 . t/ yf]/} dfq dlxnfx?sf] ;xeflutf /xg]

;d"xsf] lzIff, ljz]if lzIff / z}zjsfn ljsf; cflb If]qdf ah]6sf] n}lËs ljefhg yfxf kfpg' plQs}

h?/L 5 . t/ oL sfo{qmdx?df nIo tyf tYof°x?sf] n}lËs :j?k gv'nfOPsf]n] dlxnfx?sf nflu

vr{ ePsf] ah]6sf] k|ltzt lgZro ug{ sl7g 5 . dlxnf tyf k'?if b'j} ;d"xx? ;xefuL ePsf

;fIf/tf sfo{qmdx?df dlxnfsf] pkl:ylt 7"n} x'g;S5, t/ o:tf ;"rgf tof/ ug{ nfdf] ;do nfUg]

x'gfn] oL ljifox?nfO{ of] cWoogn] ;d]6]sf] 5}g . o;sf nflu Pp6f 5'§} cWoogsf] cfjZostf

kg{;S5 . t/, Go" P]/f -@))!_ n] aflnsf tyf dlxnfx? ;DalGwt pk–If]qLo sfo{qmdx?df ;xefuL

ePsf] cfwf/df ;g\ @)))–@))! cjlwdf pgLx?nfO{ 5'§fofOPsf] ah]6sf] lx;fa lgsfn]sf] 5, h'g

tnsf] tflnsfdf b]vfOPsf] 5 M

pk–If]qLo sfo{qmdx? s"n pk–If]qLo

ah]6

aflnsf tyf

dlxnfsf] c+z

s"n pk–If]qLo ah]6df

aflnsf tyf dlxnfsf]

c+z -k|ltztdf_

s_ cgf}krfl/s lzIff (@=$ ^(=# &%=)

v_ ;fIf/tf cleofgx? %@=^ $@=! *)=)

u_ dlxnfx?sf nflu lzIff @&=) @*=) !))=)

-lzIff If]qdf n}lËs d"NofÍg, k[= ^$, Go" P]/f, h'g @))! af6 ;fef/_ cf=k|=lz=k= bf];|f]s]f cf=a=

@)))÷)! sf] nflu If]qut ah]6 ljlgof]hg

-? !) nfvdf_

If]q lhNNff s]Gb| s"n lhNNffsf]

k|ltzt

kx'Fr / z}lIfs lg/Gt/tf $@^ ^^=^ $(@=^ *^=%

!= ljBfno ef}lts ;'ljwfx? @$%=( @%=# @&!=@ ()=&

@ j}slNks lzIf0f @@=% %=# @&=* *)=*

38

# aflnsfx?sf] lzIff !#=! #=@ !^=# *)=%

$ nlIot ;d"xx?sf] nflu lzIff ^=$ !=% &=( *)=^

% ljz]if lzIff %$=@ !$=$ ^*=^ &(=)

^ z}zjsfn ljsf; #!=# #=% #$=* ()=)

& ;d'bfo kl/rfng !$=# #=^ !&=( *)=)

* ;fIf/tf sfo{qmd #*=# (=* $*=! &(=&

z}lIfsf pknlAw !^^=^ !&*=% #$%=! $*=#

( kf7\oqmd / kf7\o k':ts @(=$ @(=$ )=)

!) lg/Gt/ d"NofÍg @%=) ^*=! (#=! @^=(

!! ;d"xdf cfwfl/t lgoldt tflnd !)!=( #@=! !#$=! &^=+)

!@ k|df0fkq lzIfs tflnd k|0ffnL #(=^ $*=( **=^ $$=*

Ifdtf clea[l4 @^)=* !^^=# $@&=! ^!=!

!# lzIff ljefusf] ;'b[9Ls/0f @#=% @#=% )=)

!$ lhNNf of]hgf k|s[ofsf] ;'b[9Ls/0f ^&=* &=* &%=^ *(=&

!% :yfgLo Ifdtf clea[l4 *@=# ^=* *(=) (@=$

!^ d"=n=of]= sfo{qmd Joj:yfkg

-lzIff ljefu_

!!!)=* !!^=! @@^=( $*=*

!& k|fljlws ;xof]u ;Nnfxsf/ ;d"x

-k|f=;=;=;=_

– !@=! !@=! )=)

s"n *%#=$ $!!=$ !@^$=* ^&=%

;|f]t M lzIff ljefu, cf=k|f=lz=k= bf];|f], ASIP, @))!÷)!

æaflnsfx?sf nflu lzIffÆ v08df ?=!^=# ldlnog ljlgof]hg ul/Psf] dflysf] tflnsfn] b]vfpbF5 .

of] v08 s"n cf=k|=lz=k= bf];|f] af:s]6 ah]6sf] !=@(Ü x''g cfpF5, t/ jf:tjdf s"n ah]6sf] !=)#Ü

dfq aflnsfx? dfem k'U5, lsgeg] )=@%Ü s]Gb|df vr{ ug]{ u/L ah]6 ljlgof]hg ul/Psf] 5 .

@=%=% cl3Nnf] tflnsfdf b]vfOP em} dlxnf lzIff sfo{qmd -d=lz=sf=k|yd / bf];|f] -

cf=k|=lz=k= bf];|f]_ ;d]t ;dfj]z ePsf] ;fIf/tf sfo{qmddf ah]6sf] 5'6\6} Joj:yf ePsf] 5}g,

To;sf/0f ulx/f] cWoog lagf d=lz=sf= df slt /sd vr{ x'g]5 eg]/ cg'dfg ug{ ;lsb}g .

cf=k|f=lz=k= n] !% b]lv $% jif{ pd]/ ;d"xsf dlxnfnfO{ hLjgf]kof]uL ;Lk lzIff sfo{qmd ;+rfng

ug]{ k|:tfj u/]sf] 5 . s"n /fli6«o ;fIf/tf &)Ü k'¥ofpg] nIo xfl;n ug{ k'?if ;fIf/tf *)Ü /

dlxnf ;fIf/tf ^)Ü k'¥ofpg'kg]{ x'G5 h;sf nflu cf=k|=lz=k=.. sf=sf=of]=n] @=$ ldlnog dlxnf;lxt

#=@ ldlnog jo:sx? dfem cfkm\gf] sfo{qmd k'¥ofpg'kg]{ cg'dfg u/]sf] 5 . sf=sf=of]= n] dlxnf

;xefuLx?sf] ef}lts nIo tf]s]sf] 5, t/ o;n] cfly{s nIo nIo tf]s]sf] 5}g . ;g\ @)))÷)! sf]

sfo{qmdn] !^)) d=lz=sf= k|yd / !^)) d=lz=sf bf];|f]sf sIffx? ;+rfng ug]{ nIo lnPsf] lyof] .

-Go" P]/f, @))!_

;g\ @))@–@))# cjlwsf] nflu tof/ ul/Psf] ASIP df sfo{qmdsf] s"n ah]6 (CIP) ? @%@^$(

xhf/ / aflnsfx?sf nflu lzIff / dlxnf ;fIf/tf sfo{qmdx?sf nflu qmd;M ? #%@* / ? *&^#

xhf/ ah]6 ljlgof]hg ul/Psf] 5 . aflnsf / dlxnfx?sf nflu dfq ? !@,@(! xhf/ ljlgof]hg

ul/Psf] 5, h'g s"n (CIP) ah]6sf] $=(Ü x'g cfpF5 . aflnsf / dlxnfx? tyf afns / k'?ifx?sf

nflu vr{ x'g] ah]6sf] cg'kft ljZn]if0f ug{ 5'6\6f 5'6\6} nIox?sf] cfjZostf x'G5, t/ clxn] g}

o:tf] Joj:yf pknAw 5}g .

@=%=^ sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog of]hgfdf n}lËs ljz]iftfsf] cefjn] >L % sf] ;/sf/ tyf cf=k|=lz=k=

bf];|f]n] aflnsfx?sf] nflu lzIff ;DaGwL sfo{ Jojxf/sf] kl/ro lbG5 . b'j} aflnsfx?sf] nflu lzIff

39

sfo{qmddf k|lta4 5g\ / w]/} ljz]if sfo{qmdx? b"/ufdL dxTjsf 5g\ t/ oL sfo{qmdx?sf nflu

5'6\ofOPsf] ah]6 eg] jf:tj d} sd 5 .

#=) Ifdtf ljsf;M

n}lËs b[li6sf]0faf6 pknlAwx?sf] ljZn]if0f

o; n}lËs d"NofÍg 6f]nL (GAT) n] d'Vo u/]/ Ifdtf ljsf;, l;sfO{ ;DjGwL pknlJwx? / kx'Fr tyf

lg/Gt/tf u/L tLgj6f ljifox?sf] sfof{Gjog / To;sf] k|efjsf] s|ddf ePsf n}lËs c;dfgtfx?sf]

klxrfg ug]{ k|of; u/]sf] 5 . of] sfo{qmd k"0f{tof n}lËs?kn] PsLs[t 5}g tyf o;df s]6Lx?nfO{

s]6fx?sf] :t/;Dd k'Ug ;xof]u k'¥ofpgsf] nflu s]xL ljz]if kIfx? ;dfj]z ul/Psf] 5 eGg] s'/f t

klxn] g} yfxf eO;s]sf] 5 . sfo{qmdsf] cleGg cËsf] ?kdf s]6f tyf s]6Lx?sf ;dfg / km/s

cfjZostfx?nfO{ ;Djf]wg ug'{sf] ;f6f] s]6Lx?sf] lzIffsf] nflu sNof0fsf/L z}nL ckgfpg' Pp6f

q'l6k"0f{ ;+s]t xf] .

o; n}lËs d"NofÍg 6f]nLn] cfwf/e"t lzIff kl/of]hgf – bf];|f]sf] cg';"rL ! df pNn]lvt p2]Zox?nfO{

;Djf]wg u/]sf] 5 / oL tLgj6f p2]Zo cGtu{tsf 5'§f5'§} kIfx?nfO{ ;Djf]wg ug]{ k|of; u/]sf] 5 .

cg';"rL ! sf] p2]Zo $ æ;fd'bflos Joj:yfkg dfk{mt ljBfnosf] ef}lts jftfj/0fsf] u'0f:t/df a[l4

ug]{Æ nfO{ p2]Zo # ækx'Fr / lg/Gt/tfÆ cGtu{t ;dfj]z ul/Psf] 5 lsgeg] sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog

of]hgfdf cGoq o;nfO{ ;f]xL 7fpFdf /flvPsf] 5 .

k|To]s kIf;+u ;DjlGwt p2]Zox? pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 / To;kl5 qmdzM Pp6f 5f]6f] kl/ro pknlJwx?

/ jfwfx?sf] ;+lIfKt ljj/0f, / n}lËs PsLs/0fnfO{ ;'wf/ ug{sf] nflu of] cWoogbnn] lbPsf

;'emfjx? pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . dfr{ !#, @))@ df ;DkGg ePsf] ;/f]sf/jfnfx?sf] sfo{zfnf uf]i7Ldf

tof/ ul/Psf k|:tfjx?nfO{ klg ;dfj]z ul/Psf] 5 .

cfwf/e"t k|fylds lzIff kl/of]hgf – bf];|f]sf] Ifdtf ljsf;;DjGwL nIf k|fKtLsf] p2]Zo o;k|sf/ 5M

æcfwf/e"t / k|fylds lzIffsf] ;]jfnfO{ cem j9L k|efjsf/L ?kdf k|bfg ug{sf] nflu /fli6«o, lhNnf /

;d'bfo :t/df ;+:yfut Ifdtf ;'b[9 ug]{ .Æ -p2]Zo ! cg';"rL ! cf=k|f=lz=k|=– bf];|f] sf=sf=of]=_

lgDglnlvt v08x? / ltgLx?;+u ;DjlGwt pk–v08x? o;k|sf/ 5g\M

v08 &M ;+:yfx?sf] ;'b[9Ls/0fM

&=! s]Gb|Lo txsf ;+:yfx?sf lzIff ljefunfO{ ;'b[9 kfg]{ -!#_

&=@ lhNnf :t/Lo of]hgf th'{df / sfof{GjognfO{ ;'b[9 kfg]{ -!$_

&=# :yfgLo Ifdtf ljsf; -!%_

a'Fbf *M df s]Gb|Lo nufgL sfo{qmdsf] Joj:yfkg÷lzIff ljefuM

*=! sfo{qmd Joj:yfkg -!^_

*=@ k|fljlws ;xof]uL ;Nnfxsf/ ;d"x -!&_

ælzIffsf] Joj:yfkgdf dlxnfsf] e"ldsfÆ / ædlxnf lzIff zfvfÆ nfO{ ;xfos a'Fbf ælzIff ljefu /

s]Gb|Lo txsf ;+:yfx?sf] ;'b[9Ls/0fÆ cGtu{t ;Djf]wg ul/Psf] 5 .

40

;+:yfx?sf] ;'b[9Ls/0fsf] nflu dfgj ;+zf]wg ljsf; / ;+:yfut Ifdtf ljsf; b'j} ckl/xfo{ x'G5g\ .

z}lIfs ;+:yfx? n}lËs ?kn] PsLs[t 5}gg\ . Pp6f k|jn lkt[;QfTds ;+:sf/sf] sf/0fn] ubf{ s]jn

$(Ü k'?if hg;+VofnfO{ dfq geO{ pknJw ;Dk":0f{ dfgjLo ;|f]tnfO{ kl/rfng ug'{ kg]{ cfjZoQmf 5

eGg] r]tgfsf] cefj 5 . ;Dk"0f{ hg;+Vofsf] bIftfnfO{ k|of]u ug{ ;s]sf] v08df dfq k|efjsf/Ltf /

sfo{s'zntfdf a[l4 ug{ ;lsG5 . To;sf/0f o; n}lËs d"NofÍg ;d"xn] z}lIfs Joj:yfkgdf dlxnfsf]

e"ldsfnfO{ ljz]if?kdf x]/]sf] 5 . o;sf ;fy} lzIff ljefu / s]Gb|Lo txsf ;+:yfx?sf] ;'b[9Ls/0fsf]

/0fgLltsf] kmn:j?k k|fKt kl/0ffdx?nfO{ klg n}lËs b[li6sf]0faf6 ljrf/ ul/Psf] 5 h;n] ubf{ xfn

ljBdfg ;+/rgfx?n] n}lËs PsLs/0fnfO{ k|j4{g u5{g\ jf afwf k'¥ofF+p5g eGg] s'/fsf] lgwf{/0f ug{

;lsof];\ .

#=! ;+:yfx?sf] ;'b[9Ls/0fM &=) -!#_

#=!=! lzIff ljefu / s]Gb|o txsf ;+:yfx?sf] ;'b[9Ls/0fM ;xfos a'Fbf &-! -!#_

s_ kl/ro

cfwf/e"t k|fylds lzIff kl/of]hgf – bf];|f]n] lzIff tyf v]ns"b dGqfno cGtu{t lzIff ljefusf]

:yfkgf ug]{ Joj:yf u¥of] . dGqfnosf] ljs]Gb|Ls[t k|f?k cGtu{t ;g\ !((( sf] h'nfO{ dlxgfdf ;f]

ljefusf] :yfkgf ul/of] . th'{df, k]zfut ljsf;sf] Joj:yfkg, k|zf;g tyf k|fljlws ljbfx?,

n]vfhf]vf, z}lIfs cg';Gwfg, cg'udg tyf d"NofÍg ug]{ sfo{df lzIff ljefusf] /fli6«o gLltnfO{ yk

an k|bfg ug]{ ck]Iff /flvPsf] lyof] . o;sf] nIo cfwf/e"t / k|fylds lzIffsf] Joj:yfkgsf] nflu

Pp6f k|efjsf/L ;+:yfut ;+/rgf k|bfg ug'{ /x]sf] lyof] . lzIff ljefu, lzIff tyf v]ns"b dGqfno

cGtu{tsf] Pp6f cfTdlge{/ ;+:yf xf] . h;sf] bfloTj clw/fHoel/ g} k|fylds, lgDg dfWolds /

dfWolds txsf] k7gkf7gsf] ;~rfng / ljsf; ug'{ /x]sf] 5 .

o; v08sf] Pp6f k|d'v tTj eg]sf] dfgj ;+zf]wg ljsf; sfo{qmd xf] . h;df k|fljlws ;xof]u,

:yfgLo tyf ljb]zL tfnLd÷sf];{x?nfO{ Pp6f PsLs[t /0fgLltsf] ?kdf ;dfj]z ul/Psf] 5 .

tfnLddf 5f]6f] cjlw / nfdf] cjlwdf b'j} vfn] tfnLdx?nfO{ ;dfj]z ul/Psf] 5 / o;nfO{ k|0ffnLut

?kdf sd{rf/Lx?sf] kbf]Gglt;+u uf+l;Psf] 5 . tfnLddf cg';Gwfg ultljlwx? klg ;dfj]z ul/Psf

5g\ . o; v08sf cGo b'O{j6f dxTjk"0f{ tTjx? eg]sf] cfjZos ;dodf ljZj;gLo lzIff ;DjGwL

tYofÍx? k|bfg ug{sf] nflu lzIff Joj:yfkg k|0ffnLsf] 7"nf] dxTj b]lvPsf] 5 ;fy} cGo ;'ljwfx?,

pks/0fx? / cfjZos oftfoftsf] ;d]t Joj:yf x'g' o;sf] csf]{ /fd|f] kIf xf] .

s]Gb|Lo txsf lgsfox?sf] Joj:yfkg sfo{–s'zntfnfO{ cem /fd|f] agfpgsf] nflu ælzIff ljefusf]

;'b[9Ls/0fÆ gfds v08sf] Joj:yf ;d]t ul/Psf] 5 .

o; n}lËs d"NofÍg 6f]nLn] lzIff ljefusf] Ifdtf jf k|efjsfl/tfsf] d"NofÍg u/]sf] 5}g . o; s'/fsf]

ljZn]if0f cfO{=P=(I.A.) æt];|f] kIfsf] k|ltj]bgÆ / k|fljlws ;d"xsf] k|ltj]bgdf ul/Psf] 5 . of] d"NofÍg

6f]nL pk/f]Qm ljZn]if0fx? tyf To;df lbOPsf ;'emfjx? k|lt ;dxt 5 . pQm ;'emfj cg';f/,

k|efjsfl/tfdf ;'wf/ ug{sf] lglDt gLlt, sfof{Gjog, cg'udg tyf ;xof]uL e"ldsf ;fy} lzIff ljefu

/ z}lIfs ;+:yfx? jLrsf] ;DjGwsf] jf/]df :ki6tf Nofpg] /x]sf] lyof] . o; d"NofÍg 6f]nLsf] sfo{If]q

eg]sf] lzIff ljefunfO{ n}lËs b[li6sf]0faf6 lgofNg] / jt{dfg ;+/rgfn] k|fylds lzIffdf aflnsf jf

s]6Lx?sf] pknlJwnfO{ ;3fp k'¥of+p5 jf afwf k'¥of+p5 tyf b]zel/sf k|fylds lzIffsf] If]qdf /

cGo ;DjlGwt z}lIfs ;+:yfx?df n}lËs PsLs/0fsf] nflu of] ;+/rgfn] ;3fp jf afwf s] k'¥of+p5

eGg] s'/fsf] lgwf{/0f ug]{ xf] .

41

lhNnf lzIff sfof{nox?n] s]Gb|Lo ;=/sf/sf] lj:tfl/t lgsfosf] ?kdf sfo{ ub{5g\ . o;df kf+rj6f

zfvfx? 5g\ M k|fljlws, of]hgf tyf ljBfno k|zf;g, cgf}krfl/s lzIff tyf lzIfs tfnLd, k|zf;g

/ ljQ . cfwf/e"t k|fylds lzIff kl/of]hgf – bf];|f] cGtu{t lhNnf lzIff clwsf/Lx?nfO{ cltl/Qm

sfo{ef/ ;'lDkPsf] 5 . h;cg';f/ pgLx? xfnsf] d'VotM k|zf;lgs JolQmsf] 5ljaf6 of]hgf,

Joj:yfkg, cg'udg / d"NofÍg;DjGwL lhDd]jf/L lng] JolQmsf] ?kdf kl/jt{g x'g] ck]Iff ul/Psf] 5 .

o; cGtu{t pgLx?n] ljBfno ;'wf/ of]hgfsf] ljsf; ug]{ O=Pd=cfO{=P;= (EMIS) cGtu{t

ljBfnox?sf] tYofÍ ;+sng ug]{ / lhNnf lzIff of]hgfsf] ljsf; ug]{ h:tf lhDd]jf/Lx? k"/f ug'{ kg]{

x'G5 .

v_ kl/0ffd÷pknlJwx?M

ljz]if lzIff, kf7\oqmd ljsf; / d"NofÍg h:tf ljz]if If]qx?df ;Lk tyf ;"rgfsf] ljsf;df d2t

ug{sf] nflu k|fljlws ;xof]usf] dfWodaf6 Ifdtf ljsf; ul/+b} cfPsf] 5 . lhNnf txsf lzIff

clwsf/Lx?, ;|f]t JolQmx?, k|wfgfWofksx? tyf lzIfsx?sf] lgldQ r]tgf clea[l4, of]hgf tyf

Joj:yfkg tfnLd / cGo ljz]if ;Lkx? ;dfj]z u/]/ Pp6f lj:t[t 5f]6f] cjlwsf] tfnLd sfo{qmd

tof/ u/L sfof{Gjog ul/Psf] 5 . lzIff tyf v]ns"b dGqfno / lzIff ljefusf jl/i7 sd{rf/Lx?sf]

pRr lzIffsf] lgldQ 8flg8f (DANIDA) n] Pp6f ;+:yfut ;DjGw–:yfkgf sfo{qmd (Institutional

Linkage Programme) nfO{ ;xof]u k|bfg u¥of] . cfwf/e"t tyf k|fylds lzIff kl/of]hgf–bf];|f]n] klg

Ifdtf ljsf; sfo{qmdsf] nflu nueu # s/f]8 &$ nfv cd]l/sL 8n/ (USD 37.4 million) a/fa/sf]

/sd ljlgof]hg u¥of] . h;df k|fljlws ;xof]u ;Nnfxsf/ ;d"x (TSAG) nfo{ lbg] ;xof]u klg

;dfj]z ul/Psf] 5 . cfly{s ?kn] ljrf/ ubf{ Ifdtf ljsf; Pp6f k|d'v k|fyldstfsf] If]q /x]sf] 5 .

k|fljlws ;d"xsf] k|ltj]bg -@))!_ df lzIff ljefu / lhNnf lzIff sfof{nosf] kof{Kt dfqfdf

;'b[9Ls/0f ePsf] s'/f pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . ;g\ !((*, !((( / @))) df k|sflzt ljBfno txsf

z}lIfs tYofÍx?n] gLlt lgdf{0fsf] nflu 7f]; tYofÍsLo cfwf/ k|bfg ub{5g\ . cfly{s jif{ @))!–

@))@ sf] nflu tof/ ul/Psf] P=P;=cfO{=kL=x? (ASIPs) P=8An'=kL=(AWP) df of]hgf k|s[ofx?df

;'wf/ cfPsf] k|df0f e]l6G5 . sd{rf/Lsf] nflu tfnLdx? lbOPsf] 5 / jl/i7 sd{rf/Ln] æ;+:yfut

;DjGw–lj:tf/ sfo{qmdÆ nfebfoL ePsf] atfPsf 5g\ .

oL ;a} s'/fx?sf] afjh'b klg IA / k|fljlws 6f]nL b'a}n] ce}m klg y'k|} r"gf}ltx? sfod} /x]sf] /

tfnLdn] sfo{ ug]{ k|s[ofx?df :yfoL kl/jt{g Nofpg ce}m klg g;s]sf] s'/f k|:t't u/]sf 5g\ . IA,

k|fljlws 6f]nL / t];|f] kIfsf] ;dLIff k|ltj]bgx?n] ce}m klg y'k|} r"gf}ltx? ePsf] s'/f :ki6;+u

cf}+NofPsf 5g\ . lzIff ljefusf] Ifdtf ;'b[9Ls/0f ug]{ /0fgLltx?sf] k|efjsf] ;dLIff ubf{ gLlt–lgdf{0f

/ sfof{Gjog txdf n}lËs d'2fx?nfO{ ;Djf]wg ug]{ ;+oGqnfO{ k|of{Kt dfqfdf ;Djf]wg gul/Psf] k|lt

of] d"NofÍg 6f]nLsf] Wofgfsif{0f ePsf] 5 .

lhNnf txdf k|fljlws ;d"xsf] k|ltj]bgdf hgfOP cg';f/ clwsf+z gof+ lhNnf lzIff sfof{nox?

(DEO) ljz]if lzIffsf] ?kdf sfo{/t 5g\, ;+u7gfTds ;+/rgfdf ce}m;Dd O{l;8L (ECD) / dfWolds

lzIffsf] Joj:yf 5}g, tyf k|zf;lgs / k|fljlws sfo{x?nfO{ ce}m;Dd klg cnu ul/Psf] 5}g . of ]

d"NofÍg ;d'x wg'iff / k;f{ lhNnfsf lhNnf lzIff sfof{nosf sd{rf/Lx?sf] 1fg / k|lta4tf

b]v]/lgs} k|efljt eof] . oL b'a} aflnsf tyf dlxnf lzIffsf k|lt cToGt} ;sf/fTds lyP . To;sf

sl7gfO{x?sf] af/]df klg /fd};+u ;r]t lyP / cfk\mgf lhNnfx?df s]6Lx?sf] lzIffsf] k|a4{gsf]

lhDd]jf/L cfk\mg} sfof{nosf] ePsf] s'/fk|lt ;xdt lyP . b'j} lhNnf lzIff sfof{nox?n] o; cWoog

tyf d"NofÍg ;d"xnfO{ lzIfs, ljBfno ejg tyf ;d'bflos ;xof]u, k|lta4 sd{rf/Lx? ePsf

ljBfnox? / s]6Lx?sf] 7"nf] ;+Vof ePsf ljBfnox?sf ;fy} ef}lts ;+/rgfx? lgdf{0f geP klg

42

cToflws ;fd'bflos ;xof]u pknJw ePsf] h:tf ljifox?;+u ;DjlGwt r"gf}ltx?sf] ;fdgf ul/x/]sf

ljBfnox?sf] cjnf]sg u/fP .

o; cWoog 6f]nLn] e]6]sf] ;a} lhNnf lzIff sfof{nosf sd{rf/Lx? cToGt} ;xof]uL lyP t/ xfn

n}lËs ljifo;DjGwL sfo{qmdx?sf] :ki6 lhDd]jf/L kfPsf] s]Gb|Lo txsf] zfvf eg]sf] s]jn dlxnf

ljsf; zfvf dfq xf], h'g k|fylds lzIff ljefusf] Pp6f zfvf xf] . dlxnf ljsf; zfvf ;fob Ps

dfq To:tf] zfvf xf], h;n] n}lËs c;Gt'ng 36fpg] / s]6Lx?sf] lzIffsf] k|a4{g ug]{ ;+:yfut

lhDd]jf/LnfO{ :jLsf/ u/]sf] 5 .

u_ afwf÷c8rgx?M

lzIff tyf v]ns"b dGqfno / lzIff ljefusf] leGbfleGb} e"ldsfsf] af/]df k|ltj]bgx?df ;Daf]wg

ul/;lsPsf] 5 / o; ljifodf :ki6tf Nofpgsf] nflu oxfF ;'emfj lbOPsf] 5 . gLlt lgdf{0f tyf

sfo{qmd sfof{Gjogsf] ;DjGwdf lzIff tyf v]ns"b dGqfno / lzIff ljefuaLr sfdsf] :ki6 ;LdfÍg

x'g}kb{5 . ljleGg zfvfx? aLrsf] ;dGjodf yk ;'wf/ ug'{ kg]{ cfjZoQmf klg b]lvPsf] 5 . lzIff

tyf v]ns"b dGqfnosf nfOg Ph]G;Lx?, h:t}M Pg=l;=O=8L (NCED), l;=8L=;L= (CDC), P;=O=8L=;L=

(SEDEC) / Pg=Pkm=O=;L= (NFEC) tyf lzIff ljefu aLrsf] ;dGjonfO{ klg cem k|i6 kfg'{ kg]{

cfjZostf 5 . logLx? lzIff tyf v]ns"b dGqnok|lt hjfkmb]xL x'g] :jtGq k|fljlws ;+:yfx? x'g\ jf

lzIff ljefusf k|fljlws zfvfx? x'g\ eGg] ljifodf :ki6tf 5}g . oL ;+:yfx?sf] Ifdtf ljsf;sf]

nflu cf=k|f=lz=k=bf];|f] sf] ah]6 ljlgof]hg ug]{ jfx]s lzIff ljefusf] cGo s'g} e"ldsf 5}g . oL

d'2fx? n}lËs ljZn]if0feGbf aflx/sf ljifox? x'g\, tfkgL logsf] ;dfwfgn] n}lËs d'2fnfO{ cfk\mgf] /

cfk\mgf nfOg Ph]G;Lx?sf] sfo{df ;dflxt ug]{ lzIff tyf v]ns"b dGqfno / lzIff ljefusf] Ifdtfdf

dxTjk"0f{ k|efj kfg]{5 .

lzIff ljefusf] ;+/rgfleq sfo{qmd ;DjGwL, ;xof]ufTds / k|zf;lgs sfo{x?sf] aLrdf :ki6

k[ystfsf] cefj 5 . lzIff ljefu, cf=k|f=lz=k=bf];|f] sf ljleGg kIfx?df Wofg s]Gb|Lt u/]/ Pp6f

kl/of]hgf sfof{nosf] ?kdf sfo{/t /;x]sf] h:t} b]lvG5 . of] ljsf; tyf k|fljlws sfd ug{sf] nflu

xf] of k|zf;lgs ;'k/Lj]If0f ;DjGwL sfd ug{sf] nflu jf b'j}sf] nflu xf] eGg] ljifodf clxn];Dd klg

:ki6 kfl/Psf] 5}g .

Pp6} k|s[ltsf sfdx? klg km/s km/s ;+:yfx?nfO{ lbOPsf] 5 . pbfx/0fsf] nflu, aflnsf÷s]6Lx?sf]

lzIffsf] lhDd]jf/L dlxnf lziff sfof{non] lnPsf] 5 eg] dlxnf ;fIf/tf sfo{qmdsf] lhDd]jf/L

cgf}krfl/s lzIff s]Gb|n] lnPsf] 5 . of] d"NofÍg 6f]nL lzIff tyf v]ns"b dGqfno jf lzIff ljefu

jf z}lIfs ;+:yfx?åf/f k|bfg ul/Psf] tfnLd / kf7\oqmd ljsf;df n}lËs ;r]tgtf, of]hgf th'{df,

cg'udg / ;dfof]hg h:tf ljifox?df ePsf] Ifdtf ljsf;sf] klxrfg ug{ c;dy{ /x\of] . o;sf]

nflu 8L=Pkm=cfO{=8L=(DFID) / P;=O{=8L=o"=x? (SEDUs) n] k|bfg u/]sf] afx]s cGo s'g} k|fljlws

;xof]usf] af/]df of] d"NofÍg 6f]nLnfO{ hfgsf/L 5}g .

o;jfx]s, lzIff ljefusf] :yfkgf / To;sf] kl/0ffd:j?k ljleGg kbx?df ul/Psf] sd{rf/Lx?sf]

k'g{ljefhgsf] jfjh'b klg z}lIfs Joj:yfkgdf dlxnfx?sf] ;+Vofdf s'g} km/s gcfPsf] b]lvG5 .

dlxnfx?n] sd;]sd s]6f / s]6L b'j}sf] lzIffsf] Joj:yfkgdf Pp6f km/s b[li6sf]0f t Nofp+y] .

lhNnf txdf, lhNnf lzIff clwsf/Lx?nfO{ lglZrt ;dofjlwsf] nflu ljleGg lhNnfx?df lgo'Qm

ul/G5 . o; cWoog ;d"xn] e]6]sfdWo] # hgf lhNnf lziff clwsf/Lx?sf] lgo'lqm ev{/} dfq ul/Psf]

lyof] . o; cWoog 6f]nLn] ev{/} dfq lgo'Qm ePsL Pshg dlxnf lhNnf lzIff clwsf/Lsf] ljrf/

;Gg] ;f}efUo k|fKt u/]sf] lyof] . tL delxnf lh=lz=c=n] æ;+:yfut ;DjGw–lj:tf/ sfo{qmdÆ cGtu{t

8]gdfs{df ;xefuL x'g] ;'cj;/ k|fKt u/]sL /lx5g\ . pgsf] lgo'lQm cfk\mgf] 3/kfos kg]{ 7fp+df

43

ul/Pg . To;}n] pgn] cfk\mgf] kl/jf/nfO{ eGbf hfuL/nfO{ k|fyldstf lbg' k¥of] . pgsf] lgo'lQm jif{sf]

dWolt/ ePsf] sf/0fn] pgn] cfk\mgf aRrfx?sf] nflu cfjf;Lo ljBfnodf 7fp+ kfpg ;ls/x]sL

5|gg\ . lgo'lqmsf] af/]df k"j{ ;"rgf lbOPsf] eP / z}lIfs jif{sf] z'?lt/ lgo'lQm lbPsf] eP cfk"mnfO{

lgs} ;lhnf] x'g]s'/f pgn] atfOg\ . cfk\mgf] 3/b]lv 6f9f lgo'Qm ul/+bf k'?if lh=lz=c=x?nfO{ klg ufx|f]

k/]sf] lyof] .

3_ ;'emfjx?M

!= gLlt lgdf{0f / sfo{qmd sfof{Gjogsf] ;DjGwdf lzIff tyf v]ns"b dGqfno / lzIff ljefuaLr

sfdsf] :ki6 ;LdfÍg u/Lg' kg]{ .

@ lzIff tyf v]ns"b dGqfno, lzIff ljefu / Pg=l;=O=8L (NCED), l;=8L=;L= (CDC),

P;=O=8L=;L= (SEDEC) / Pg=Pkm=O=;L= (NFEC) aLrsf] ;DjGw ;fy}, oL ;+:yfx?sf] sfddf

n}lËs ljifonfO{ ;dfof]hg ug]{ lzIff ljefusf] lhd]jf/Lsf] ljifodf :ki6 kfg]{ .

# lzIff ljefusf ;a} zfvfx?df / k|fylds lzIffdf ;+nUg ;a} nfOg Ph]G;Lx?df ljBdfg n}lËs

;r]tgtfsf] cefjnfO{ ulDe/tfk"j{s ;Djf]wg ug]{ .

$ dlxnf tyf k'?if b'j}sf] nflu n}lËs of]hgf, n}lËs ljZn]if0f, n}lËs hfu?stf / n}lËs ;r]tgf

h:tf ljifox?df tfnLd k|bfg ug]{ .

% dlxnf tyf k'?if b'j}sf] nflu/0fgLlts of]hgf tfnLd k|bfg ug]{ .

^ dlxnf / k'?if b'j}nfO{ n}lËs?kn] ;+j]bgzLn eP/ cg'udg tyf d"NofÍg ug]{ tfnLd lbg] .

& dlxnf / k'?if b'j}nfO{ kfl/jfl/s / k]zfut lhDd]jf/LnfO{ cem /fd|f];+u ;Gt'lnt agfpg] sfo{df

;Ifd agfpgsf] nflu 3/kfos kg]P 7fp+df lgoQmL ug]{ gLltsf] ljsf; ug]{, ;Dej eP;Dd

lh=lz=c=x?nfO{ pgLx?sf] 3/b]lv pko'Qm ofqf ;do nfUg] b"/L;Dd dfq lgo'Qm ug]{ / 3/fo;L

Joj:yf ldnfpgsf] nflu kof{Kt k"j{ ;"rgf k|bfg ug]{ .

#=!=!=! z}lIfs Joj:yfkgdf dlxnfx?sf] e"ldsfM

cfwf/e"t k|fylds lzIff kl/of]hgf – bf];|f]sf] p2]Zo g+= # k|fKt ug]{ p0fgLltx?dWo]Pp6f /0fgLlt

o;k|sf/ /x]sf] 5M

æk|lt:kwf{Tds cfwf/df dlxnf tyf k'?if b'j}dWo]af6 k|fljlws ?kn] of]Uo sd{rf/Lx?sf] lgo'lQm ug]{ /

cfwf/e"t tyf k|fylds lzIffsf] gLltut of]hgf tyf cg'udgsf] nflu k|d'v sfo{ut PsfO{x? (key

functional units) sf] :yfkgf ug]{ .Æ

cg'udgsf] ;"rs lgDg adf]lhd /x]sf] 5M

æsfo{ut PsfO{x?df of]Uo sd{rf/Lx?sf] lgo'lQm, k|ltztsf b/n] dlxnfx?nfO{ ;fd]n u/fpg].Æ

s'g} lglZrt ;+Vof jf nIosf] klxrfg ul/Psf] 5}g .

s_ kl/roM

gLlt–lgdf{0f ug]{, lg0f{o ug]{ / Joj:yfkg ug]P kbx?df lzIff ;]jfsf x/]s txx?df dlxnfx?sf]

;+Vof Go"g x'g'n] g]kfndf dlxnfx?sf] :yfg / cj:yf gfh's ePsf] tYo k|ltljlDjt ub{5 . lji6 /

sfg]{, -h'nfO{ @))!_, n] lzIff tyf v]ns"b dGqfnodf dlxnfx?sf] e"ldsfsf] ljZn]if0f ubf{ lghfdlt

;]jfdf x'g] u/]sf] n}lËs e]befjsf] bogLo t:jL/ lrq0f u/]sf 5g\ . tYofÍcg';f/ lghfdtL ;]jfdf

dlxnfx?sf] ;xeflutf cToGt} Go"g ePsf] s'/f pgLx?n] pNn]v u/]sf 5g\ . h;cg';f/ g]kfnsf]

sd{rf/LtGqsf] ;Dk"0f{ sfo{zlQmdf dlxnfx?sf] k|ltlglwTj s]jn &=%Ü dfq ePsf] tYo pNn]v 5 .

44

o; tYofÍdf :jf:Yo dGqfnonfO{ klg ;dfj]z ul/Psf] 5 . hxfF gl;{Ë;DjGwL ;j} kbx? dlxnfx?n]

g} cf]u6]sf] x'gfn] %)Ü sd{rf/Lx? dlxnf 5g\ .

lzIff tyf v]ns"b dGqfno cGtu{tsf] lzIff ;]jfdf ljBdfg dlxnfx?sf] cj:yfn] klg o:t}

lsl;dsf]c;dfgtf bzf{p+5 .

kb dlxnf k'?if Ü dlxnf

/fhkqf+lÍt k|yd >]0fLsf clws[tx? ) @! )

/fhkqf+lÍt bf];|f] >]0fLsf clws[tx? !) !#% ^=(

/fhkqf+lÍt t];|f] >]0fLsf clws[tx? $) *!) $=&

lzIff tyf v]ns"b dGqfno / lzIff ljefudf zfvf

k|d'vx?

$ @# !$=*

If]qLo lgb]{zsx? ) % )

lhNnf lzIff clwsf/Lx? @ &# @=&

k|fljlws zfvf clws[tx? ) &% )

lji6 / sfg]{, kl/R5]b ^=# k]h !)), !))!, 6]an ^=# / ^=$

v_ kl/0ffd÷pknlJwx?M

tYofÍx? cfk}m af]N5g\ . cfO{=P=(IA) sf] ljZn]if0fdf elgPsf] 5M

ælzIff tyf v]ns"b dGqfnosf x/]s lgsfoel/ g} dlxnf tyf ljkGg ju{sf] k|ltlglwTj Psbd}

bogLo 5 / oL ju{x?n] ef]Ug'k/]sf] e]befjsf] s;/L cGTo ug]{ eGg] af/]df dGqfnon] u+le/tfk"0f{

ljrf/ u/]sf] vf;} s]xL k|df0f e]l6+b}g . oL ju{x?:sf] cf}krfl/s ;Qfdf jf:tljs?kdf s'g} kx'Fr jf

k|efj 5}g / g]t[Tj kbx?df logLx?sf] Jofks?kdf Go"g–k|ltlglwTj 5 .Æ

dlxnf sd{rf/Lx?sf] o; lsl;dsf] cefjn] ubf{ %!Ü hg;+Vofsf] z}lIfs cfjZoQmfnfO{ ;Djf]wg ug]{

Ifdtfdf s'7/f3ft ePsf] 5 .

;/sf/n] dlxnf tyf k'?if aLrsf] e]befjnfO{ 36fpg] k|lta4tf JoQm u/]sf] 5 / dlxnfsf]

;xeflutfdf ;3fp k'¥ofpg] p2]Zon] lgDglnlvt kfFrj6f sbdx? cËLsf/ u/]sf] 5M

!= dlxnf pDd]bjf/x?nfO{ nf]s ;]jfsf k/LIffx?df ;kmntf kfpg d2t ug]{ p2]Zon] k"j{tof/L

sIffx?sf] Joj:yf ug]{ .

@= k'?ifsf] ! jif{sf] t'ngfdf dlxnfsf] 5f]6f ^ dlxgfsf] k/LIf0f sfn /fVg] .

#= k'?ifsf] -#% jif{_ sf] t'ngfdf dlxnfsf] a9L -$) jif{_ ;]jf–k|j]z pd]/ xbaGbL .

$= lghfdtL ;]jfsf] xfnsf] eGbf Ps tx dflyNnf] kbdf kbf]Gglt x'gsf] nflu l56} of]Uo x'g] .

%= ^) lbgsf] ;'Ts]/L ljbf .

oL sbdx?n] xfn;Dd vf;} k|efj kfg{ ;s]sf] b]lvPsf] 5}g .

45

cfO{=P=(IA) df pNn]v ul/Pcg';f/, h'g\ tl/sfn] kbf]Ggltsf] nflu c+sef/ lbOG5, To;n] ubf{

/fhkqf+lÍt t];|f] >]0fLaf6 bf];|f] >]0fLdf k'Ugsf nflu dlxnfx?nfO{ k'?ifnfO{ eGbf % jif{ a9L ;do

nfU5 . dlxnfx?nfO{ tfnLdsf cj;/x? sd lbOG5 – nueu PsltxfO{ sd . k|ltjif{ ljb]zdf lbOg]

tfnLdsf] cf};t lgsfNbf k'?ifx?nfO{ #=! xKtf / dlxnfx?nfO{ !=^ xKtf kg{ cfp+5 . o;df ljb]zdf

ug]{ cWoog sfo{qmdx?nfO{ klg ;dfj]z ul/Psf] 5 .

cfO{=P=(IA) sf] k|ltj]bgdf tf]s]/ elgPsf] 5M

æk|zf;lgs g]t[Tjdf ;kmn x'gsf] nflu dlxnfx?df cfjZos Joj:yfksLo v'vL / ;Lksf] cefj

ePsf] wf/0ff ljBdfg /x]sf] 5 .Æ -k]h !)@_

o:tf cleJolQmx?n] klZrdL b]z nufotsf y'k} b]zsf k'?ifx?n] JoQm ug]{ cleJolQmx?nfO{

k|ltWjgLt u5{g . hxfF dlxnfx? jf:tjdf Joj:yfksLo kbx?df hfg O{R5's x'G5g\ . o;n] s]

b]vfp+5 eg] o:tfvfn] k"jf{u|xx?nfO{ lt/:sf/ ug'{k5{ eGg] r]tgf ljleGg vfg] ;f+:s[lts kl/j]zx?

ePsf b]zx?df ce}m klg cfPsf] 5}g . ;'zf;g / g]t[Tjdf s] s] tTjx? x'g' kb{5 eGg] ;DjGwdf

;Lldt b[li6sf]0fx? /x]sf] s'/f klg cfO{=P=(IA) sf] k|ltj]bgdf cf}+NofPsf] 5 . cGt/jftf{ lnPsf

JolQmx?sf cg';f/ k|foM dlxnfx?;+u ;DjlGwt – g/d :jefj, ;xeflud"ns k|s[ofk|lt k|ltj4 /

;d'bfo tyf ;xsfo{sf] k|j4{g ug]{ – Joj:yfsLo z}nLsf] k|f/De ugf{n] k]zfut Ifdtf, Joj:yfksLo

s'zntf / ;+:yfut pTkfbgzLntfdf gsf/fTds c;/ kfg{ ;Sg] s'/f dx;"; u/]sf] atfP .

o; cWoog 6f]nLn] dlxnf tyf k'?if b'j}sf] 5nkmndf o; lsl;dsf ljrf/x? k|ltlalDat ePsf] kfof]

hxfF dlxnfx?sf] ;+Vof w]/} ePdf To;af6 ljBfnox?nfO kmfObf x'g] s'/fdf ;a}sf] ;xdlt eP tfklg

;f]xL lsl;dsf cleJolQmx? z}lIfs Joj:yfkgsf] ;DjGwdf eg] kfOPg . lzz' :ofxf/sf] Joj:yf,

cf+lzs ;dosf] nflu sfo{ / kbx? (part time positions) tyf sfdsf] afF8kmfF8 h:tf Jojxfl/s ?kdf

;xof]u k'¥ofpg] ;+/rgfx?sf] af/]df ljrf/ gu/]sf] kfOof] . 3/sf] sfd / :ofxf/–;';f/sf

lhDd]jf/Lx? ce}m klg k"0f{tof dlxnfx?s{ ePsf] / o;n] ubf{ sfo{:yndf pgLx?sf] s'zntfdf sdL

Nofpg] wf/0ff kfOof] . t/ o; cWoog ;d"xn] k'?ifx?n] kl;g 3/fo;L sfdsf] afF8kmfF8 u/]/ s]xL

lhDd]jf/L lng ;Dej x'G5 eGg] vfnsf cleJolQmx? eg] ;'Gg kfPg .

lji6 / sfg]{n] lgsfn]sf] lgisif{ cToGt} lg/fzfhgs 5M

ædlxnfx? klg k'?if hlQs} bIf x'G5g\ eGg] wf/0ffsf] k|a4{g ug{sf] nflu lzIff tyf v]ns"b

dGqfnoleq s'g} klg dxTjk"0f{ ljefudf dlxnf k|ltlglwTj x'g] ul/Ps} 5}g . a?, dlxnfx?df k]zfut

g]t[tj;+u ;DjlGwt u'0fx?sf] cefj x'G5 eGg] b[li6sf]0f /fv]sf] kfO{G5 . k'?if Joj:yfksx?åf/f ul/g]

c:jLosfo{ Jojxf/x?nfO{ dlxnf Joj:yfksx? :jo+n[ ;dy{g u/]sf] / To;nfO{ yk an k|bfg u/]sf]

b]lvG5 . o;f] ubf{ pgLx?n] cfk\mgf] wf/0ffut cGt{b[li6nfO{ k|ltlalDat ug'{sf] ;f6f] cfk\mg} 5ljnfO{

cjd"Nog ul//x]]sf x'G5g\ . o; lsl;dsf b[li6sf]0fx?sf] lgdf{0f ;dfhdf Jofks ?kdf k}mlnPsf]

k"jf{u|x / k|ltli6t k'?ifx?sf] :jfy{n] an k|bfg u/]sf] hudf cfwfl/t ePsf] x'G5 . o;k|sf/sf

wf/0ffx?n] dlxnfx?nfO{ ;+:yfut ;Qf / k|efjsf kbx? k|fKt ug{df 7"nf] afwf k'¥ofp+5g\ .Æ !*

>L % sf] ;/sf/n] b]zsf] ;fdflhs–cfly{s cj:yfdf pNn]vgLo ;'wf/ Nofpgsf] nflu dlxnfx?nfO{

ljsf;sf] d"nwf/df Nofpg' kg]{ cfjZoQmfnfO{ :jLsf/ u/]sf] 5 t/ ha;Dd wf/0ffdf kl/jt{g

cfp+b}g, ;dfwfgsf ljleGg pkfox? kQf nufP klg kl/jt{gsf] ult cToGt} dGb x'g] qmd hf/L g}

/xg]5 .

Pp6f ;sf/fTds kIfsf] ?kdf clxn] z}lIfs Joj:yfksx?sf] ;+Vofdf k'?if / dlxnf aLr c;dfgtf

ePsf] s'/fnfO{ :jLsfl/Psf] 5 / ;f]xL cg'?k s]xL sbdx? rflnPsf 5g\ . o;sf ;fy} dlxnfx?sf]

;+vofnfO{ a[l4 ug{sf] lgldQ ce}m yk Jojxfl/s sbdx? rflng] ;+efjgf klg 5 . n}lËs ;r]tgtf,

46

n}lËs of]hgf th'{df h:tf ljifox?df tfnLd lbg] / cfly{s tyf ;fdflhs ljsf;sf] k|s[ofdf

dlxnfsf] e"ldsfnfO{ dxTj lbgfn] ;dosf] k|jfx;+u;+u} wf/0ffdf klg k|efj kfg{ ;S5 .

3_ ;'emfjx?M

cfO{=P=(IA) n] lbPsf y'k|} ;sf/fTds ;'emfjx?nfO{ of] d"NofÍg ;d"xn] k"0f{ ;dy{g ub{5 . dfgj

;+zf]wg ljsf; Pp6f k|d'v If]q xf] / o;sf] nflu v'Nnf / kf/bzL{ lgo'lQm tyf kbf]Ggltsf k|s[ofx?,

sfo{–ljj/0f tyf sfo{;Dkfbg dfkb08x?sf] ljsf;, JolQmut tyf ;+:yfut tfnLdsf] nflu :jLsfo{

tyf kf/bzL{ dfkb08x? h:tf ;'emfjx? k|:tfj ul/Psf] 5 . g]t[Tj txx?df dlxnfx?sf]

;xeflutfdf ;'wf/ ug{sf] nflu cfO{=P=(IA) sf] ;'emfjdf elgPsf] 5M

æIfdtf ljsf;n] n}lËs c;dfgtfx?nfO{ nlIft ug}{kb{5 / n}lËs ;Gt'ngsf] ;Dj{4g ug}{kb{5 .

dlxnf / k'?ifsf km/s km/s cfjZostfx?sf] n]vfhf]vf ug}{kb{5===== kb:yfkg ubf{, :yfgfGt/0f ubf{

tyf sd{rf/Lsf] ljsf;;DjGwL lg0f{ox? ubf{ dlxnfx?sf cfjZostf / jfWotfnfo{ u+le/tfk"j{s

ljrf/ ug}{kb{5 .Æ

Pp6f dfgj ;+zfwg ljsf; of]hgfdf x'g'kg]{ z}lIfs Joj:yfkgsf] nflu cfjzos ;Lkx? eg]sf]

kx'Fr, ;dfgtf, u'0f / ;fGble{stf h:tf ljifox?sf] cg'udg ug'{sf] ;fy ;fy} gLlt tyf

sfo{qmd;DjGwL of]hgf ug{sf] nflu Pp6f z}lIfs Joj:yfksLo k|0ffnLsf] Joj:yfkg ug{;Sg] v'aLx?

x'g\ . n}lËs ;r]tgf eg]sf] lzIff tyf v]ns"b dGqfno / lzIff ljefusf ;a} sd{rf/Lx?;+u x'g'kg]{

;Lk xf] . ljleGg ;'emfjx?dWo] jt{dfg lzIff k|0ffnLleqsf k|zf;lgs kbx?df dlxnfx?sf] nflu

cf/If0f k|bfg ug]{ gLlt klg Pp6f xf] .

o; cWoog 6f]nLn] cfO{=P=(IA) n] lbPsf oL ;a} ;'emfjx?k|lt ;xdlt JoQm ub{5 . t/ k|fljlws

6f]nLsf] k|ltj]bgn] s]xL 7fp+x?df n}lËs c;dfgtf ePsf] pNn]v u/] tfklg z}lIfs Joj:yfkgdf

n}lËs c;dfgtfnfO{ ;Djf]wg gu/]sf]k|lt v]b JoQm ub{5 .

o; d"NofÍg ;d"xn] n}lËs ;dfgtfdf ;'wf/ Nofpgsf] nflu tyf z}lIfs Joj:yfkgdf dlxnfx?sf]

;+Vof a9fpgsf] nflu lgDglnlvt ;'emfjx? k]z ub{5M

!= z}lIfs Joj:yfkg / k|zf;gdf n}lËs ;dfgtf Nofpgsf] nflu k]zfut tfnLdM

! dlxnfx?sf] nflu cfTdan k|bfg ug]{ tfnLdx?

@ dlxnfx?sf] nflu g]t[tj tfnLd

# dlxnf / k'?ifsf] nflu 3/fo;L / k]zfut lhDd]jf/Lx?df ;Gt'ng Nofpg],

@= lghfdtL ;]jf lgodfjnL / lgo'lQm k|s[ofsf] k'g/fjnf]sgM

gLlt–lgdf{0f÷lg0f{o txdf dlxnfx?sf] ;+Vofdf a[l4 ug{sf] nflu xfnsf] nf]s ;]jf P]gdf

kl/dfh{g ug]{ .

dlxnfx?sf] sfo{–;Dkfbgsf] d"NofÍg pgLx?sf] Ifdtf / sfo{–;Dkfbgsf] cfwf/df ul/g'

kg]{ .

b'u{d If]qx?df sfd ug]{ dlxnf tyf k'?ifx?sf] nflu ;]jfsf] nfuL c+sef/ lbg] (scoring)

k|rngsf] cGToul/g'k5{ . b'u{d If]qdf sfd ug]{ dlxnf tyf k'?ifx?sf] nflu c+sef/sf] ;§f

cltl/Qm eQf lbOg'k5{ .

k|To]sk6s gofF egf{ ln+bf nf]s ;]jfsf] lnlvt k/LIffdf plQ0f{ x'g] dlxnfx?sf] nflu Ps–

ltxfO{ kbx? 5'6\ofOg' k5{ .

47

nf]s;]jfsf] egf{ tyf cGt{jftf{ 6f]nLdf Ps–ltxfO{ dlxnfx? x'g'kb{5 .

$) jif{sf] pd]/df nf]s;]jfdf k|j]z ug]{ dlxnfx?sf] Gofof]lrt ;dfg clwsf/nfO{

;'lglZrt ug{sf] nflu xfnsf] cWoog ljbfsf] pd]/ ;LdfnfO{ a9fpg' kb{5 .

lgj[lQe/0f (pension) sf] nflu cfjZos of]Uotfdf n}lËs ;dfgtfnfO{ ;'lglZrt ug{sf]

nflu lgj[lQe/0f lgodfjnLx?sf] k'g/fjnf]sg ug]{ .

;Dk"0f{ kbx?sf] nflu v'Nnf / kf/bzL{ ?kdf egf{ ul/g' k5{, h;df sfd;DjGwL

lhDd]jf/Lx? / cfjZos cg'ej tyf k]zfut of]Uotfsf] ljj/0f :ki6;+u v'nfpg' kb{5 .

al/i7 dlxnf tyf k'?if clws[tx?nfO{ cfk\mgf] 3/b]lv 6f9f :yfgfGt/0f ug]{ gLltsf] cGTo

lul/g' kb{5 lsgeg] of] gLltn] kfl/jfl/s hLjg / Pp6f :yL/ ;dfhnfO{ l5GgleGg kfb{5 .

nIo, clek|fo, cfly{s k|efjx? / ck]lIft pknlJwx?sf] ;fy ;fy} nlIft ;d"xx?, sfo{;Dkfbg

;"rsx? / tfnLd pknlJw ;"rsx? cg';"rL # df k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 .

#=!=!=@ dlxnf lzIff zfvf

dlxnf lzIff zfvf lzIff ljefusf] k|fylds lzIff PsfO{ cGtu{tsf] Pp6f zfvf xf] . To;sf/0f lzIff

ljefusf] k|efjsfl/tf / sfo{s'zntfdf ;'wf/ ug{sf] nflu klxrfg ul/Psf w]/}h;f] r"gf}ltx? dlxnf

lzIff zfvfsf] nflu klg nfu" x'G5g\ .

s_ kl/ro

;g\ !(&! df :yfkgf ul/Psf] ælzIffdf dlxnfx?sf] ;dfg kx'Fr kl/of]hgfÆ dlxnf lzIff zfvfsf]

cu|0fL ;+:yf lyof] . o; kl/of]hgfsf] p2]Zo eg]sf] lzIffdf aflnsf tyf s]6Lx?sf] kx'Fr a9fpgsf]

nflu dlxnf lzIfs ;+Vofdf a[l4 ug'{ /x]sf] lyof] lsgeg] dlxnf lzIfsx?n] ljBfnox?df s]6Lx?sf]

egf{df ;sf/fTds ;'wf/ Nofpg ;S5g\ eGg] dx;"; ul/Psf] lyof] . ;g\ !(*# df ;f]xL kl/of]hgfnfO{

æaflnsf / dlxnfx?sf] nflu lzIffÆ eg]/ k'gM gfdfs/0f ul/of] / o"lg;]kmsf] ;xof]udf Pp6f gofF

kl/of]hgfsf] ?kdf o;sf] lj:tf/ ul/of] . o; cjlwdf dlxnf lzIfsx?nfO{ tfnLd lbg'sf] cnfjf

ljkGgl ju{ / b'u{d If]qdf a:g] aflnsfx?sf] ljBfno tyf lzIff dfyLsf] kx'FrnfO{ a[l4 ug]{ clek|fon]

cGo k|f]T;fxgd'ns sfo{qmdx?sf] z'?jft ul/of] . ;g\ !((@ df æaflnsf / dlxnfx?sf] nflu lzIffÆ

nfO{ ædlxnf lzIff PsfO{Æ sf]?kdf kl/jt{g ul/of], h'g ;g\ !((* ;Dd sfod} /x\of] . ;g\ !((@

b]lv !((* ;Ddsf] cjlwdf clwsf+z sfo{qmdx?nfO{ >L % sf] ;/sf/sf] ;xof]u k|fKt ePsf] lyof]

eg] s]xL sfo{qmdx?nfO{ k|fylds lziff kl/of]hgf / cfwf/e"t tyf k|fylds lzIff kl/of]hgf – k|ydn]

;xof]u u/]sf] lyof] .

oL sfo{qmdx? cGt{ut lgDglnlvt s[ofsnfkx?nfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbO{of]M

dlxnf lzIfs tfnLd sfo{qmd

5fqfjf; (Feeder hostel) kl/dfh{g

dfWolds ljBfno 5fqj[lQ

k|fylds ljBfno 5fqj[lQ

ljBfno hfg c;dy{ aflnsf tyf lsZj/Lx?sf nflu cgf}krfl/s lzIff

k|rf/ k|;f cleofg -k}/jL_

:j–nufgL

48

lzIfs÷k/fdz{bftfsf] ?kdf sfo{/t dlxnf :jo+;]ljsfx?sf] nflu ;xof]u

k|zf;lgs ;xof]u -dlxnf PsfO{_

cWoog, ;j]{If0f, k/LIf0f sfo{qmdx?

cg'udg tyf d"NofÍg

5gf}6 ul/Psf If]qx?df k|fylds ljBfnosf s]6Lx?nfO{ k|ToIf ;xof]u -5fqj[lQ, ljBfno

kf]zfs tyf cGo k|f]T;fxgd'ns ;'ljwfx?_

-;|f]tM lzIff tyf v]ns"b dGqfno, !(*#_

>L % sf] ;/sf/n] @# dfr{!((( sf] /fhkqdf lzIff tyf v]ns"b dGqfno cGtu{t lzIff ljefusf]

u7g ePsf] hfgsf/L lbof], h'g\ !^ h'nfO{ !((( -! >fj0f @)%^_ df nfu" ul/of] . o; gofF

;+/rgfdf ædlxnf lzIff PsfO{Æ nfO{ lzIff ljefusf] k|fylds lzIff PsfO{ cGt{ut /xg] u/L ædlxnf

lzIff zfvfÆ egL gfdfs/0f ul/of] . lzIff ljefusf] ;+:yfut ;+/rgf tyf o;df dlxnf lzIff

zfvfsf] :yfg tnsf] lrq (diagram) df lbOPsf] 5 .

lzIff tyf v]ns"b dGqfno

lzIff ljefu

s_ dlxnf lzIff zfvfsf] :yfkgf lgDglnlvt p2]Zox?n] ePsf] lyof]

ljleGg sfo{qmdx?sf] dfWodaf6 aflnsfx?nfO{ k|fylds lzIff pknJw u/fpg]

5fqfx?sf] egf{df a[l4 ug]{ / k9fO{sf] lg/Gt/tfsf] nflu pgLx?nfO{ k|f]T;fxg lbg] .

cToflws ;+Vofdf 5fqfx?nfO{ dfWolds lzIff k"/f ug{sf] nflu k|f]T;fxg lbg] .

dfWolds tx plQ0f{ u/]sf s]6Lx?nfO{ lzIf0f k]zfdf k|j]z ug{ k|f]T;fxg ug]{ .

v_ sfo{x?M

s]6Lx?sf] lzIff / nlIft ;d"x;+u ;DjlGwt gLltx? lgdf{0f ug]{ .

cg'udg, ;dGjo ug]{ tyf z}lIfs sfo{qmdx?df dlxnfsf] ;xeflutf a9fpg] .

lzIff tyf v]ns"b dGqfno

lzIff ljefu

k|zf;g, of]hgf

/ ef}lts ;]jf

PsfO{ lgb]{zs

k|fylds lzIff

PsfO{ lgb]{zs

dfWolds tyf

pRr dfWQolds

PsfO{ lgb]{zs

If]qLo lzIff

lgb]{zgfno %

j6f

dlxnf lzIff zfvf

pk–lgb]{zs

zfvf clws[t zfvf clws[t zfvf clws[t zfvf clws[t

49

dlxnf lzIfs egf{sf] nflu dfkb08 tyf cfwf/x? lgwf{/0f ug]{ .

lhNnf ;|f]t s]Gb|x?, u};;x?, cGt{/fli6«o u};;x?sf] ;xof]udf dlxnf lzIff ;DjGwL

sfo{qmdx? tof/ u/L sfof{Gjog ug]{ .

u_ dlxnf ljsf; zfvfdf jt{dfg s[ofsnfkx?M

5fqj[lQ sfo{qmd

o 5fqj[lQsf] nflu pknJw sf]6f -;+Vof_ leq /x]/ lgwf{l/t dfkb08x?sf] cfwf/df k|fylds

txsf ljBfnosf 5fqfx?sf] nflu k|fylds txsf] 5fqj[lQ ;g\ !((! ;Dd lg/Gt/ ?kdf

k|bfg ul/of] . of] sfo{qmd ^# lhNnfdf nfu" ul/Psf] lyof] .

o ;g\ !((^ df z'? ePsf] k|fylds txsf 5fqfx?sf] nflu 5fqj[lQ sfo{qmd, h;df !@

lhNnfsf ;j} 5fqfx?n] 5fqj[lQ k|fKt u/]sf 5g\ .

o lglZrt 5fqj[lQ ;+vofleq /x]/ sIff ^ b]lv !) sIff;Ddsf lgDg dfWolds txsf 5fqfx?sf]

nflu :yfgLo ljBfno 5fqj[lQ .

5fqfjf; (feeder Hostels)

o sIff * pQL0f{ u/]sf Go"g cfly{s :t/ ePsf 5fqfx?nfO{ 5fqfjf;df NofO{ k|j]lzsf

k/LIff;Ddsf] lzIffsf] cj;/ k|bfg ul/of] . x'Dnf / h'Dnf h:tf clt b'u{d lhNnfx?sf]

;Gbe{df eg] ^ sIff pQL0f{ u/]sf 5fqfx?nfO{ 5fqfjf;df NofO{ k|j]lzsf k/LIff k"/f ug]{

cj;/ lbOof] .

SofDk; 5fqj[lQ÷!)±@ 5fqj[lQ

o lzIff ljifo lnP/ k|df0fkq tx cWoog ul//x]sf ljBfyL{x?nfO{ of] 5fqj[lQsf] nflu 5gf}6

ul/G5 .

k|f]T;fxg sfo{qmd

o * j6f lhNnfx?df ufp+ txsf] æk|f]T;fxg Joj:yfkg ;ldltÆ nfO{ k|fylds txdf cToflws

;+Vofdf 5fqfx?sf] cWoognfO{ lg/Gt/ sfod /fVg] / pgLx?nfO{ pRr tx;Dd cWoog hf/L

/fVg d2t ug]{, ljBfnox?nfO{ cfly{s k'/:sf/sf] nflu l;kmfl/; ug]{ clwsf/ lbOPsf] 5 .

3_ dlxnf lzIff zfvfsf] ;+:yfut ;+/rgfM

dlxnf lzIff zfvfdf xfn !@ hgf sd{rf/Lx? 5g\M

pk–lgb]{zs ! hgf

zfvf clws[tx? -/fhkqf+lÍt t];|f] >]0fL_ $ hgf

/fhkq cglÍt k|yd >]0fL $ hgf

sDKo"6/ ck/]6/ ! hgf

;jf/L rfns ! hgf

lkog ! hgf

ª_ dlxnf lzIff zfvfsf] ef}lts cjl:yltM

dlxnf lzIff ljefusf] sfof{no ejg ;fgf]l7dL, eQmk'/df cjl:yt 5 / lzIff ljefu, co z}lIfs

;+:yfx? tyf cGo z}lIfs nfOg Ph]G;Lx? eGbf cnUu} 5 . lzIff ljefun] n}lËs cWoog 6f]nLsf]

nflu ;f]xL ejgdf cfk\mgf] sfo{ynf] agfpg] 7fpF pknJw u/fPsf] lyof] . o; ;'ljwfsf] nflu of] ;d"x

cfef/ JoQm ub{5 .

50

dlxnf lzIff zfvf;+u lg0f{o ug]{ / ;|f]tx? ;~rfng ug]{ b'j} clwsf/ ;Lldt dfqfdf 5g\ . kof{Kt

;|f]tx? ;+rfngsf] cefjn] ubf{ k|efjsf/L sfo{ ug{ lgs} ufx|f] x'G5 . k|fylds lzIff PsfO{ / dlxnf

lzIff zfvf b'j}sf] pNn]Vo k|of;x?sf] afjh'b klg ;'uDotf (access), sf]7f ttfpg] pks/0f -lx6/_

v'Nnf 7fp+ h:tf ef}lts jfwfx? -@ j6f sf]7fdfdWo] Pp6fdf dfq lx6/ h8fg ul/Psf] lyof]_ tyf

sDKo"6/, O{d]n / 6]lnkmf]g;+u ;DjlGwt k|fljlws sdhf]/Lx?n] ubf{ sfof{nosf] sfddf gsf/fTds

c;/ k/]sf] lyof] . o:tf] gfh's kl/l:yltdf /x]/ o; 6f]nLn] s]jn $ dlxgfdfq sfd u/]sf] lyof] t/

dlxnf lzIff zfvfnfO{ t :yfoL ?kdf log} kl/l:yltx?df sfd ug'{ kg]{ x'G5 .

dlxnf lzIff zfvf / o;sf cu|hx?n] aflnsfx?sf] lzIffdf ;'wf/ ug]{ sfo{df pNn]vgLo of]ubfg

u/]sf 5g\ . dlxnf lzIff zfvfn] klxnf s]6Lx?sf] lzIffsf] nflu k}/jL ug]{ sfo{ u¥of] / To;kl5

sfo{qmdx? tof/ ub}{ ;~rfng u¥of] . oL dxTjk"0f{ pknlJwx?sf] nflu dlxnf lzIff zfvfsf

sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ awfO{ lbg}k5{ . oL sfo{qmdx? slt xb;Dd ;kmn x'g ;s] eg] af/]df ækx'Fr /

pknlJwÆ cGtu{t 5nkmn ul/Psf] 5 .

lzIff ljefusf] :yfkgf u/L dlxnf lzIff zfvfsf] sfo{x? kl/eflift ubf{ Tolta]nfsf] :yflkt gd"gfsf]

cg'z/0f ub}{ dlxnfsf] nflu ljz]if sfo{qmdx? ;~rfng ug{sf] nflu Pp6f 5'§} PsfO{sf] u7g ul/of] .

t/ clxn] Tolta]nfsf] cjwf/0ffut k|f?kdf kl/jt{g cfPsf] 5 . clxn] ljrf/ ug'{ kg]{ d'2f eg]sf]

lzIff tyf v]ns"b dGqfno, lzIff ljefu / ;DjlGwt nfOg Ph]G;L tyf ;+:yfx?sf] sfo{ ;+rfngdf

n}lËs ;dfof]hgsf] nflu dlxnf lzIff zfvfn] Pp6f ev{/} :yflkt ;+:yfsf] ?kdf d2t k'¥ofp+5 eGg]

xf] . o; cWoog ;d"x;+u dlxnf lzIff zfvf / Pg=;L=O{=8L (NCED), ;L=8L=;L=(CDC) tyf

8L=O=;L=(DEC) h:tf sfo{ ug]{ PsfO{x? / sfof{Gjog lgsfox? aLr ;xsfo{ ePsf k|df0fx? Psbd}

sd 5g\ . oL PsfO{ tyf lgsfox?n] klg dlxnf lzIff zfvfsf] cg'ej / bIftfnfO{ n}lËs ;dfgtfdf

;'wf/ ug{sf] nflu cfk\mgf] sfo{ ;+rfngdf k|of]u u/]sf] s'/fsf] klg vf;} s]xL k|df0f e]l6Pg . h'g\

cjwf/0ffut k|f?k cg'?k dlxnf lzIff zfvf sfo{/t 5, To;sf] ;dLIff ul/g' cfjZos 5 eGg] o;

cWoog 6f]nLsf] 7x/ /x]sf] 5 . xfnsf] sfo{ut k|f?kn] ;Dk"0f{ ljefue/L g} n}lËs ;dfof]hgnfO{ afwf

k'¥ofp+5 / ljeGg zfvfx? tyf z}lIfs lgsfox?nfO{ n}lËs ;dfgtfsf] nflu /0fgLltx? ljsf; ug]{

pgLx?sf] lhDd]jf/LnfO{ Joj:yf ug{ d2t k'¥of+p5 eGg] klg of] 6f]nLsf] 7x/ /x]sf] 5 .

of] cWoog 6f]nLsf] sfddf ;xof]u k'¥ofpgsf] nflu bft[;+:yfn] Pp6f æn}lËs d"NofÍg ;xof]u ;d"xÆ

sf] u7g u¥of] . dlxnf lzIff zfvfn] ;Lldt ;|f]tsf] e/df sfo{;~rfng ug'{ k/]sf] / Pp6f /fd|f]

;+rf/ k|0ffnLsf] cefj ePsf] k|lt ;f] ;d"xn] s]xL lrGtf Joqm u/]sf] lyof] . dfgjLo, cfly{s /

ef}lts ;|f]tx?sf] ;DjGwdf dlxnf lzIff zfvf, n}lËs PsfO{ / n}lËs s]Gb| (Gender Focal Point)

x?nfO{ pko'qm ;xof]u lbOPsf] s'/fnfo{ ;'lglZrt ug]}{ sfo{df bft[;+:yfsf] dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf x'G5 .

u_ afwfx?M

h'g ef}lts sl7gfO{x?leq /x]/ dlxnf lzIff Zfvfn] sfo{ ;~rfng ug'{ kb{5 . h'g\s'/fsf] k|ToIfbzL{

dlxnf lzIff zfvfsf] sfof{nodf a;]/ n}lËs cWoogsf] ;dodf sfd ubf{ of] 6f]nL ePsf] lyof],

To;n] sfo{ut s'zntfdf afwf k'¥ofp+5 . ;f+:s[lts sf/0fx?n] ubf{ k'?if Joj:yfks / dlxnf

Joj:yfksx? aLr cgf}krfl/s ;Dks{ x'g s7Lg 5 -lji6 / sfg]{ @))!, sf]O/fnf @))!_ dlxnf

lzIff zfvfsf] sfof{no ejg lzIff ljefu / cgo z}lIfs ;+:yfx?sf] eGbf cnUu} x'Fbf s7LgfO{ cem

a9\g'sf] ;fy} sfo{ut PSnf]kgf (isolation) ;d]t ;[hgf ub{5 .

cjwf/0ffut lx;fjn] lzIff ljefu clxn] klg æljsf;df dlxnfÆ sf] k'/fg} gd"gfdf sfo{/t 5, h;df

s]6L tyf dlxnfx?sf] nflu ljz[if ;'ljwfx? k|bfg ul/GYof] . cg';wfgx?n] b]xfP cg';f/ ;+;f/sf

51

x/]s 7fp+x?df dlxnf PsfO{x?nfO{ af/Daf/ PSnfOPsf] 5, pgLx?;+u Psbd} sd dfqfdf k|efjsf/L

zlQm 5 / pgLx?;+u ckof{Kt dfqfdf ;|f]tx? 5g\, dlxnf lzIff zfvf eg] /fd|};+u ;|f]t;DkGg 5 /

t'ngfTds ?kdf k|efjsf/L klg 5 . t/ klg xfnsf] ;f]+rcg';f/ n}lËs ;dfgtfsf] nflu Pp6f

PsLs[t sfo{z}nL bL3{sfnLg ?kdf a9L k|efjsf/L x'G5 . h'g\ sfo{z}nLdf n}lËs ?kdf ;dtfd"ns

gLltx?, sfof{Gjog /0fgLltx? / cg'udg tyf d"NofÍg ;+oGqx?sf] nflu k|To]s zfvf tyf ;Dk"0f{

lgsfox?n] lhDd]jf/L lnG5g\ . hj of] sfd s'g} Pp6f lglZrt zfvf jf PsfO{sf] lhDd]jf/L x'G5,

Tolta]nf cGo zfvf tyf ;+:yfx?n] lhDd]jf/L c?lt/} kG5fpg] df}sf kfp+5g\ / o; d'2fnfO{ a]jf:tf

ub{g\ .

cfO{=P=(IA) df pNn]v u/] cg';f/M

ædlxnf lzIff zfvf z}lIfs gLlt tyf sfo{qmdx?df ePsf] n}lËs Uofk -lj;dtf_ x6fpg of

sd ug{sf nflu kf7\ok':ts / tfnLd ;fdfu|Lx?sf] n}lËs d"NofÍg, n}lËs ljifox?;+u ;DjlGwt

s[ofsnfkx?sf] cg'udg tyf ;j]{If0f / n}lËs ;dfgtf;+u ;djlGwt ljifox?nfO{ ;Djf]wg ug]{ h:tf

ljifox?sf] lg/Gt/ tyf Jofks ljZn]if0f ug'{sf] ;§f k/Dk/fut sfo{x?nfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbg g} Jo:t 5

. lzIf0f / z}lIfs Joj:yfkgdf n}lËs ;dfgtfsf] nflu k'?ifx?sf] ;xof]u k|fKt u/L n}lËs e]befj

/lxt /0fgLltx? lgdf{0f ug]{ sfo{sf] cefj b]lvG5 .Æ!(

o; zfvfnfO{ gof+ sfo{z}nLdf 8f]¥ofpgsf nflu b"/b[li6 / g]t[Tjsf] vfFrf] 5 .

3_ ;'emfjx?M

o; cWoog 6f]nLn] dlxnf lzIff zfvfsf ;'b[9 kIfx?nfO{ :jLsf/ ub{5 / logLx?nfO{ km/s tl/sfn]

cem k|efjsf/L ?kdf k|of]u ug]{ ;Nnfx lbG5 . n}lËs d"nk|jfxLs/0fnfO{ k|fKt ug{sf] lgldQ dlxnf

lzIff zfvfn] sfof{Gjogsf] ;§f gLlt lgdf{0f, n}lËs ljZn]if0f, cg'udg, d"NofÍg tyf tfnLddf Wofg

s]Gb|Lt ug{sf] nflu of] cWoog ;d"xn] ;'emfj lbPsf] 5 .

oxf+ lbOPsf] ;'emfj / kl/jt{g ljutdf k|fljlws 6f]nLn] lbPsf] ;'emfj cg'?k g} 5, h'g\ s'/fnfO{ dfr{

@))@ sf] dWofjlw k|ltj]bgdf pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 M

ælzIff ljefusf] e"ldsf / lhDd]jf/Lnfo{ of]hgf th'{df, Joj:yfkg, sfof{Gjog / lhNnf txsf

ljeGg kIfx?sf] cg'udgaf6 kl/jt{g u/]/ gLlt lgdf{0fsf] nflu dfu{bz{g k|bfg ug]{, /0fgLltx? to

ug]{, dfkb08x? ljlzi6Ls/0f ug]{, ;xof]uL s[ofsnfkx?sf] of]hgf tof/ ug]{ / pknlJwx?sf] d"NofÍg

ug]{tk{m n}hfg'k5{ .Æ@)

lzIff ljefusf] k|fylds lzIff PsfO{sf] Pp6f zfvfsf] ?kdf dlxnf lzIff zfvfn] n}lËs ;dfgtfsf]

k|j4{g / sfof{Gjogsf] ;DjGwdf klg o:t} lsl;dsf] e"ldsf lng'k5{ .

o; jfx]s, n}lËs ljifonfO{ tfnLd, kf7\oqmd ljsf; / cWoog ;fdfu|Lx?df ;dfof]hg ug{ dlxnf

lzIff zfvfn] Pg=;L=O{=8L=(NCED), l;=8L=;L=(CDC), 8L=O{=;L= (DEC) / lzIff ljefunfO{ ;Nnfx

lbg'k5{ .

dlxnf lzIff zfvfn] gLlt lgdf{0fdf k|efj kfg{sf] nflu / n}lËs d'2fx?nfO{ d"nk|jfxdf ;dfj]z ug]{

/0fgLltx? to ug]{ sfo{df dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf v]Ngsf] nflu dlxnf tyf aflnsfx?sf] lzIffdf ;xof]u

ug]{ ljz]if pkfox?sf] sfof{Gjog ug]{ lhDd]jf/L lzIff ljefuleqsf pko'Qm zfvfx?df x:tfGt/0f

ul/g' kg]{ k|:tfj d"NofÍg 6f]nLn] k|:t't ub{5 . pbfx/0fsf] nflu cgf}krfl/s lzIff zfvfn] dlxnf

;fIf/tf sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog u5{ / k|fylds lzIff Psfo{n] 5fqfjf; / 5fqj[lQ sfo{qmdx? sfof{Gjog

ug'{kb{5 .

52

;f]xL cg'?k o; d"NofÍg 6f]nLn] lgDglnlvt ;'emfjx? k|:t't ub{5M

gLlt lgdf{0f / k}/jL ug]{ e"ldsfdf a[l4 ug]{ / sfof{Gjog ug]{ e"ldsf pko'Qm zfvfx? tyf

z}lIfs lgsfox?df x:tfGt/0f ug]{ ;f]+r /fvL dlxnf lzIff zfvfsf] e"ldsf / sfo{If]qsf]

;dLIff ug]{ .

j[xt sfo{If]qnfO{ k|ltljlDat ug{sf] nflu gfd kl/jt{g ug]{tk{m ljrf/ ug'{kg]{ – n}lËs

PsfO{ jf n}lËs s]Gb| (Gender Focal Point)

o:tf ;+oGqx?sf] ljsf; ug]{, h;sf] dfWodaf6 lzIff ljefu / lzIff tyf v]ns"b

dGqfnoåf/f :jLs[t /0fgLlt / sfo{of]hgfx? dlxnf lzIff zfvf÷n}lËs PsfO{÷n}lËs

s]Gb|;+u ;+u} ldn[/ sfd ug]{ pko'Qm zfvfn] ;~rfng ub{5 . o;f]ubf{ ;f] zfvfn] dlxnf

lzIff zfvfsf] 1fg / cg'ejnfO{ k|of]u ug{ klg ;Sb5 .

dlxnf lzIff zfvfnfo{ gof+ sfo{If]q;+u ;DjlGwt s[ofsnfkx? ;~rfng ug{ cfjZos

;Lkx?, h:t}M k}/jL / gLlt lgdf{0f ;Lkx?sf] klxrfg ul/g'k5{ / gof+ e"ldsfnfO{ kl/k"lt{

ug{sf] nflu sd{rf/L;+u ;/f]sf/ /fVg] ljifox?df k]m/abn ug{ cfjZos eP To;sf]

klxrfg ul/g'k5{ .

n}lËs r]tgf / n}lËs ljifo;+u ;DjlGwt sfo{ut k|efjsfl/tfnfO{ ;Dk:0f{ zfvf tyf

lgsfox?df ;dflxt ug]{ k|s[ofdf ;xof]u k'¥ofpgsf] nflu lzIff ljefun] dlxnf lziff

zfvfsf sd{rf/Lx?sf] ;Lk, 1fg / cg'ejnfO{ k"0f{tofM k|of]u ug'{kb{5 .

dlxnf lzIff zfvfsf] h:tf];'s} e"ldsf / sfo{If]q eP tfklg o;nfO{ lzIff ljefusf] d'Vo

sfof{no ejgleq cjl:yt u/fpg'k5{ / o;sf] e"ldsfnfO{ cufl8 j9fpgsf] nflu

cfjZos dfgjLo, cfly{s / ef}lts ;|f]tx? k|bfg ul/g'k5{ .

o;sf] e"ldsfnfo{ k|efjsf/L 9+Ën] cufl8 j9fpgsf] nflu o;sf sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ ;"rgf

k|ljlw, g]t[Tj, gLlt lgdf{0f, /0fgLlts of]hgf th'{df / cg'udg tyf d"NofÍg nufotsf

ljifox?df pko'Qm tfnLdx? k|bfg ul/g'k5{ .

#=!=@ lhNnf txdf of]hgf th'{df / sfof{Gjogsf] ;'b[9Ls/0f, pkv08 &=@ / :yfgLo Ifdtf ljsf;,

pkv08 &=#

xfnsf] of]hgf k|s[of h6Ln 5 . lzIff tyf v]ns"b dGqfnoleqsf] of]hgf th'{df PsfO{n]

sfo{qmdx?sf] ;du| of]hjgf th'{df ug]{ / pkIf]qLo of][hgf / sfo{qmdx?sf] ljsf;df dfu{lgb]{zg

k|bfg ug]{ lhDd]jf/L kfPsf] 5 . k|to]s If]q / lgsfon] cf–cfk\mg} of]hgfx?sf] ljsf; u5{g /

To;kl5 of]hgfx?nfO{ Pp6f If]qut jflif{s sfo{of]hgf / ah]6df ;+nUg ul/;s]kl5 To;nfO{ cfly{s

:jLs[ltsf] nflu of]hgf cfof]u / cy{ dGqfnodf k]z ul/G5 . bft[ ;+:yfn] cl3 ;f/]sf] /0fgLlts

of]hgf 9f+rfsf] cjwf/0ff;+u lzIff tyf v]ns"b dGqfno kl/lrt 5}g . jflif{s of]hgf k|s[ofsf]

;dGjo ug]{ ;du| lhDd]jf/L lzIff ljefusf] xf] .

ljBfno egf{sf] JofVof ug{ / o;nfO{ jfWofTds kfg{ tyf o;sf] nflu ;fGble{s k|j4{gfTds

pkfox?sf] cjnDjg ug{sf] nflu :yfgLo k|of;x?sf] vfFrf] kb{5 eGg] dfGotfdf cfwfl/t eP/

clgjfo{ k|fylds lzIffnfO{ qmlds?kdf k|f/De ug]{ u/L gjf}+ of]hgfsf] /0fgLlt tof/ ul/Psf] xf] .

;Dk"0f{ lhNnfx?n] cfwf/e"t tyf k|fylds lzIff sfo{qmdx?sf] of]hgf th'{df, Joj:yfkg / sfof{Gjog

ubf{ Pp6f ljs]Gb|Ls[t of]hgf th'{df tyf Joj:yfkg k|f?k cg'?k ug]{5g\ . ljBfnox?df ;fd'bflos

:jfldTjnfO{ k|j4{g ug{sf] nflu ljBfno Joj:yfkg / of]hgf th'{df ;DjGwL sfdsf] clwsf/ :yfgLo

;d'bfox?nfO{ x:tfGt/0f ul/g]5 . ljBfnox?n] cfk\mgf] u'0f:t/ ;'wf/ of][hgfx? cfk}m agfpg] 5g\ /

53

pgLx?sf] sfo{–;Dkfbgsf] cfwf/df pgLx?nfO{ cfly{s ;xof]u k|bfg ul/g]5 . z}lIfs of]hgf th'{df

Pp6f ætnb]lv dfly;Dd k'Ug]Æ (buttom up) k|s[ofsf] ?kdf /xg]5, h;df k|wfgfWofks / ljBfno

Joj:yfkg ;ldltn] ljsf; u/]sf] ljBfno ;'wf/ of]hgf o; k|s[ofsf] Pp6f k|d'v kIf x'g]5 . lhNnf

ljsf; ;ldlt, ufp+ ljsf; ;ldlt / ufp+ lzIff ;ldltx? h:tf :yfgLo ;/sf/L lgsfox?n] klg

Pp6f dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf lgjf{x ug]{ ck]Iff ul/Psf] 5 .

xfd|f] cWoog ;d"x o:tf bL3{sflng nIox?;+u k"0f{t ;dxt 5 / lhNnf tyf :yfgLo :t/sf]

:jfldTj / hjfkmb]xLkgn] lzIff / z}lIfs jftfj/0fsf] u'0f:t/df ;'wf/ Nofpg] 5 eGg] ljZjf; ug{5 .

;d'bfosf] klg ljBfno ejgx?sf] dd{t ;+ef/ tyf kf]if0fo'Qm vfgfsf] Joj:yf ug]{ nufotsf

lhDd]jf/L;+u} lzIffdf Pp6f Jofks e"ldsf x'g]5 .

s_ kl/0ffd÷pknlJwx?M

ljs]Gb|Ls/0f, :yfgLo :jfldTj / :yfgLo hjfkmb]xLtftk{m :ki6?kdf kxnx? ul/Psf] 5 . dfly g}

pNn]v ul/P cg';f/ lhNnf lzIff sfof{nox?nfO{ ljleGg tl/sfx?af6 ;'b[9Ls/0f ul/Psf] 5 .

lh=lz=c=x?nfO{ tfnLd k|bfg ul/Psf] 5, sfof{nox?nfO{ dhj't jgfOPsf] 5 /

O=Pd=cfO{=P;=(EMIS) k|0ffnLx?nfO{ oyf:yfgdf /flvPsf] 5 . k|f/Dedf % j6f lhNnfx?sf] klxrfg

u/L lhNnfd}+ tfnLd lbg] / P;=cfO{=kL= (SIP) of]hgf th'{df ug]{ sfo{x? ;~rfng eO/x]sf 5g\ . o;

cWoog 6f]nLsf Pshgf ;b:on] cjnf]sg u/]sf ljBfno ;'wf/ of]hgfx? k|z+;gLo / k|efjsf/L lyP

. tyfkL To;df z}lIfs If]qsf] tk{maf6 jf :yfgLo ;/sf/sf] k|ltlglwTjsf] 68\sf/f] cefj ePsf]

b]lvof] . h]xf];, cf=k|f=lz=k=bf];|f]n] :yfgLo ;/sf/sf] Ifdtf ljsf;nfO{ ;xof]u u/]sf] 5 . h;df

dlxnf k|ltlglwx?sf] ;zlQms/0f klg kb{5 . k|fljlws 6f]nLsf] k|ltj]bg cg';f/ ljut # jif{df jflif{s

of]hgf ljsf; ug]{ sfo{df dxTjk"0f{ k|ult ePsf] 5 .

v_ afwfx?M

k|fljlws 6f]nLsf] k|ltj]bgdf elgPsf] 5 sL ljljw sf/0fx?n] ubf{ ljs]Gb|Ls'[t of]hgf th'{df k|s[of

xfn;Dd klg s[ofzN ePsf] 5}g . ;f] k|ltj]bgdf cem;Dd klg x6fpg g;lsPsf k|d'v sdhf]/L tyf

cefjx?sf] jf/]df ;+lIfKt ljj/0f lbOPsf] 5 . :yfgLo :jfoQ zf;g P]gdf ePsf] Joj:yf / lzIff

lgodfjnLx? @@

aLr k|z:t lj/f]wfef;x? 5g\ / logLx? aLr sfdx? bf]xf]l/Psf 5g\ / sfdsf]

:ki6tf 5}g . :yfgLo txsf] of]hgf th'{df k|s[ofsf] lhDd]jf/L s]Gb|Lo ;+:yfx?n] g} lnPsf 5g\ /

lhNnf tyf ;d'bfo :t/sf ;/f]sf/jfnfx?nfO{ k"0f{ ?kdf ;+nUg u/fpg ce}m afFsL g} 5 . ljBfno /

;d'bfosf] txdf :yfgLo ;+nUgtfnfo{ k|f]T;xfg ug{sf] nflu afwssf] ?kdf /x]sf ljifox? – ;dosf]

k|lta4tf, kof{Kt cfDbfgLsf] :t/, cfTdljZjf; / Ifdtf – nfO{ cem;Dd ;Djf]wg ul/Psf] 5}g .

cfly{s ljs]Gb|Ls/0f klg ;d:ofo'Qm 5 . :yfgLo :jfoQ zf;g P]gdf cfk\mgf sfo{x? ug{sf] nflu

;|f]tx? h'6fpg zlQmsf] x:tfGt/0f ug'{ kg]{ ;Nnfx lbOPsf] 5 t/ ljz]if u/]/ Go"g cfDbfgL ePsf

;d'bflox? /x]sf lhlj; / uflj;x? w]/} xb;Dd /fHoaf6 lbOg] cg'bfgdf lge{/ 5g\ . gu/kflnfx?n]

eg] cfjZos /sdsf] s]/} k|ltzt /sd cfk}mn] h'6fpg ;Sg] ;+efjgf 5 . To;sf/0f lhlj; /

uflj;x? :yfgLo cg'bfgdf cToflws lge{/ 5g\ . b]zsf] jt{dfg ;'/Iff cj:yfsf] sf/0fn] ubf{

:yfgLo cg'bfgnfO{ @))@–# df c6fOg] 5 . cfly{s nufgL / To;sf] ef}lts k|ltkmnsf] cg'udg

ug{sf] nflu cg'udg ;+oGqx?sf] :yfkgf ug{ ce}m afFsL g} 5 .

:yfgLo :t/df gful/s ;dfhsf] ;+nUgtf Psbd} Go"g ePsf] tYo o; cWoog ;d"xn] :ynut

e|d0fx?df cjnf]sg u/]sf] lyof] . o; ;d"xn] u};;x? / /fHo ;+:yfx? aLr ;xsfo{ ePsf] vf;} s]xL

klg k|df0f b]Vg ;s]g . u};;x?n] :yfgLo :t/df s[ofsnfkx? ;~rfng ug{ ;S5g\, h'g\ sfd ug{

/fHo ;+:yfx?nfO{ Psbd} ufx|f] x'G5 . tfklg /fHon] ;L=cf]=kL=O{=(COPE) h:tf ;kmn u};;x?n] k|of]u

54

u/]sf sfo{tflnsfx?sf] ljZn]if0f u/L To;df cfwfl/t eP/ To;nfO{ cfk\mgf] ;+oGqx?df pko'Qm ?kdf

;dfof]hg ug{ ;S5 .

ljs]Gb|Ls/0f k|s[ofsf] r"gf}ltsf] ?kdf b]lvPsf y'k|} ljifox?nfO{ ltgsf] dxTj / cfsf/sf] cfwf/df

k|fyldstf lgwf{/0f ug'{kb{5 / o;n] xfn ;~rfng eO/x]sf] P;=cfO{=kL=(SIP) tfnLd h:tf dxTjk"0f{

sfdx?af6 cGoq Wofg df]8\g' x'+b}g .

h]xf];, n}lËs b[li6sf]0faf6 x]bf{, dlxnf lzIffljb\ / ;d'bfosf dlxnf ;b:ox?sf] ljrf/nfo{ ;dfof]hg

ug'{kg]{ cfjzostf jf]w x'g g;s]sf] lzIff If]qdf :ki6 b]lvG5 . s]6Lx?sf] egf{, lg/Gt/tf tyf

pknlJwsf] :t/nfO{ a[l4 ug{sf] nflu cfjZos sbdx? rfNg rflxg] /0fgLlt / ;+oGqx?sf] klxrfg

ug]{ sfo{df pgLx?nfO{ ;+nUg u/fp0gfn] Psflt/ of] sfo{ ;kmn x'G5 eg] csf{lt/ pgLx?nfO{ cfk\mgf]

1fg / cg'ej;DjGwL of]ubfg ug{ k|f]T;fxg ;d]t ldNb5 .

u_ ;'emfjx?M

dlxnfx?sf] of]ubfgnfO{ :jLsf/ ug]{ jftfj/0fnfO{ ;'lglZrt ul/g'k5{ / pgLx?sf] b[li6sf]0f / rf;f]sf

ljifox?nfO{ Wofg lbOg'k5{ . o; cWoog 6f]nLn] lgDglnlvt ;'emfjx? lbPsf] 5M

!= ljs]Gb|Ls/0f / of]hgf th'{df k|s[ofdf n}lËs ljifox?nfO{ ;dfof]hg ug]{

s_ lgjf{rgaf6 u7g x'g] k|To]s lgsfox?, h:t}M lhlj;, uflj; / ljBfno Joj:yfkg

;ldltx?df z'?df slDtdf @ hgf / To;kl5 % jif{leq slDtdf Ps–ltxfO{

k|ltlglwtj x'g] u/L dlxnfx?sf] ;+Vofdf a[l4 ug]{ .

v_ n}lËs ;r]ttf / n}lËs of]hgf th'{df ljifox?df Pp6f tfnLd sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug]{M

:yfgLo ljBfno / lhNnf txdf x'g] of]hgf th'{df k|s[ofdf dlxnf tyf k'?if b'j}sf

rf;f]sf ljifox? / ljrf/x? ;dfj]z xf];\ egL ;'lglZrt ug]{ .

s]6Lx?sf] egf{ / pknlJwnfO{ j[l4 ug'{ cfjzos 5 eGg] s'/fnfO{ :jLsf/ ug'{kg]{ .

ljBfno ejg kl/dfh{g / dd{t ;+ef/ ubf{ s]6Lx?sf] nflu kof{Kt dfqfdf

rkL{x?sf] Joj:yf x'g'kg]{, h:tf s]6Lx?sf ljz]if cfjZoQmfx?nfO{ Wofg lbg'kg]{ .

dlxnf lzIfs egf{ u/L ltgLx?nfO{ k"0f{ ;xof]u ug'{kg]{ .

@= lhNnf / ;d'bfosf] txdf ;~rfng x'g] ljs]Gb|Ls/0f, ljBfno ;'wf/ of]hgf th'{df / Ifdtf

ljsf;;DjGwL ljifox?sf] tfnLddf lglZrt k|ltzt dlxnfx?nfO{ ;xefuL u/fpg' kg]{ .

#= ljs]Gb|Ls/0f;DjGwL tfnLddf pko'Qm ;+Vofdf dlxnfx?sf] k|ltlglwTj ePsf] s'/fnfO{

;'lglZrt ug{sf] nflu tfnLddf efu lng] cfpg] lgdGq0ff kq / tfnLddf ePsf]

;xeflutfnfo{ n}lËs ?kd} 5'§fP/ tYofÍ /fVg'kg]{ .

#=@ k|d'v nufgL sfo{qmd (CIP)÷ lzIff ljefusf] Joj:yfkgM v08–*

s_ kl/roM

o;sf b'O{j6f pk–v08x? æsfo{qmd Joj:yfkgÆ *=! -!^_ / æk|fljlws ;xof]u ;Nnfxsf/ ;d"xÆ

*=@ -!&_ 5g\ .

sfo{qmd Joj:yfkgsf] nflu lzIff ljefudf ljz]if1x?sf] Pp6f ;d"x agfOg] 5 . h;n] ljs]Gb|Ls[t

Joj:yfkg / cfly{s nufgLsf] nflu k|fljlws ;xof]u k|bfg ug]{5 . z}lIfs Joj:yfkgdf dlxnfsf]

e"ldsfsf] af/]df klxnf g} 5nkmn ul/Psf] 5 . k|fljlws ;xof]u ;Nnfxsf/ ;d"xsf] k|d'v sfo{ eg]sf]

lhNnf txdf sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog ug]{ sfo{df lhNnfx?nfO{ k|fljlws ;xof]u / tfnLd k|bfg ug'{ xf] .

55

æk|f=;=;=;=(TSAG) sf sfo{x? o;k|sf/ 5g\M s_ ljleGg l6=P=(TA) tfnLd÷ cf/=Pd=O{=

(RME) s[ofsnfkx?sf] nflu sfo{ zt{gfdf (TOR) tof/ ug]{, v_ k|:tfjx?sf] vf]hL sfo{ ug]{, u_

ljz]if1x? tyf ;+:yfx?sf] 5gf}6df ;xof]u ug]{, l6=P= (TA) tfnLd÷cf/=Pd=O{= (RME)

s[ofsnfkx?sf] cg'udg / ;dGjo ug]{, / 3_ k/LIf0fx? tyf gjLg sfo{x? ubf{ dfu{ lgb]{zg ug]{ .Æ @#

k|f=;=;=;=sf] d'Vo ;d"xdf lzIff ljefusf dxflgb]{zs, jL=kL=O=8L=o"=(BPEDU) sf ;dGjostf{,

8flg8f÷kL=P=6L= (DANIDA/PATsf ;Nnfxsf/, bft[;+:yfsf k|ltlglwx?, k/fdz{bftfx? / cfdlGqt

ljz]if1x? /xG5g\ . o; k|f=;=;=;=cGtu{t ljleGg ljifosf ljz]if1x?sf] Pp6f ;d"xsf] :yfkgf

ul/g]5, h;df n}lËs ljifo ljz]if1 klg ;dfj]z x'g]5 . ljz]if1x?nfO{ cfjZostf cg';f/ /fli6«o

;+:yfx?af6 Nofpg] 5 . of] ;d"x sfo{qmdsf] lgb]{zg / n}lËs ;dfof]hgsf] nflu lhDd]jf/ x'g]5 .

v_ kl/0ffd÷pknlJwx?M

t];|f] kIfsf] k|ltj]bgn] k|f=;=;=;=sf] u7g Pp6f ;sf/fTds sbd ePsf] lgisif{ lgsfn]sf] 5 . o;

k|f=;=;=;=n] cf=k|f=lz=k=–bf];|f];+u d]n vfg] u/L cg';Gwfgsf] lbzf lgwf{/0f u/]sf] 5 ;fy} sfo{

zt{gfdf tof/L / k|ltj]bgsf] nflu cjwf/0ffut k|f?ksf] ljsf; u/]sf] 5 .

u_ afwfx?M

t];|f] kIfsf] k|ltj]bgdf hgfOP cg';f/ o; ;d"xsf] k|efjsf/L sfo{ ;+rfngsf] nflu y'k} afwfx? lyP

/ log} sf/0fx?n] ubf{ ;d"xsf ;b:ox?sf] rf;f]df sdL cfPsf] lyof] . Pp6f lgs} dflyNnf txsf]

;Nnfxsf/ ;d"xsf] ?kdf o; k|f=;=;=;=n] ljleGg tl/sfn] n}lËs ;dfof]hgfsf] k|a4{g ug{ ;SYof] .

;ftf}+ ;+o'Qm ;dLIff sfo{ kl5 o; k|f=;=;=;=sf lj36g ul/of] .

3_ ;'emfjx?M

Joj:yfkg e"ldsfdf dlxnfx?sf] ;+Vofdf a[l4 ug'{kg]{ cfjZoQmfsf] jf/]df o; cWoog ;d"xn] klxn]g}

cfk\mgf] ljrf/ k|:t't ul/;s]sf] 5 . dlxnfx?nfO{ s'g} klg pRr txsf] ;Nnfxsf/ ;ldltsf] ;b:osf]

?kdf ;dfj]z u/fpg'k5{ eGg] o; cWoog 6f]nLsf] dgzfo 5 . To;sf/0f of] 6f]nL lgDglnlvt

;'emfjx? k|:t't ub{5M

!= ;Dk"0f{ ;Nnfxsf/ ;ldltx?df dlxnfx?nfO{ ;dfj]z u/fOg' k5{ .

@= k|To]s txdf dlxnf Joj:yfksx?sf] ;+Vofdf a[l4 ul/g' k5{ .

56

$= z}lIfs pknlAw M

pknlAwx?sf] n}lËs b[li6sf]0faf6 ljZn]if0f

s]6L / s]6f b'j} ;d"xx?sf] pknlAwdf a[l4 Nofpg lzIf0f k|s[of / z}lIfs jftfj/0fsf] :t/df a[l4

Nofpg ckl/xfo{ 5 / of] nfdf] cjlw nfUg] tyf hl6n sfo{ xf] . z}}lIfs pknlAw a[l4 ug{

cf=k|f=lz=k=bf];|f]n] ckgfpg] pkfox? s]6f / s]6Lx?sf ljz]if cfjZostfx?;Fu ;fGble{{s x'g\ / oL

cfjZostfx?nfO{ tL pkfox?n] ;Djf]wg u?g\ eGg] ljifodf of] cWoog ;d"x ;hu 5 .

n}llËs d"Nof°g o:tf gLlt tyf cEof;x?;Fu ;DalGwt 5 h;n] s]6fx? cyjf pgLx?sf] s'g} vf;

;d"xnfO{ gs/fTds k|efj kfb{{5 . blnt s]6fx?, cfkmgf] dft[efiff lzIf0fsf] dfWod efiff gePsf

s]6fx?, ljz]if z}lIfs cfjZostf ePsf s]6fx?, / Go"g cfo ePsf] kl/jf/af6 cfPsf s]6fx? o:tf

;d"xx?df kb{5g\ . ;fdflhs lje]b/lxt Pp6f Gofgf]lrt ljBfno k|0ffnLåf/f o:tf s]6f / s]6Lx?sf]

cfjZostf k'/f x'G5 . o:tf ;d"xsf s]6fx?n] sd ;]jfsf] cj;/ k|fKt u5{g\ g} . t/ s]6Lx?n] cem

sd ;]jfsf] cj;/ k|fKt u5{g\ / pgLx?sf] egf{, lg/Gt/tf / pknlAwsf] :t/ s]6fx?sf] eGbf lgs}

tn x'G5 . afFs] lhNnfsf] :ynut e|d0fsf] qmddf of] cWoog ;d"xn] ljz]if cfjZostf ePsf

s]6Lx?sf] nflu lzIffnfO{ o:t} cfjZostf ePsf s]6fx?nfO{ hlQs} dxTj glbOPsf] kfPsf] lyof] .

xfnsf] n}lËs ;Gt'ng s]6fx?sf] kIfdf b]lvPsfn] of] cWoog ;d"xsf] k|fyldstf eg]sf] s]6Lx?sf]

lzIff g} xf] .

o;sf] z}lIfs pknlAw xfl;n ug]{ p2]Zo o:tf] 5 M

æljz]ifu/L sIff ! b]lv # ;Ddsf] z}lIfs pknlAw a[l+å Nofpg]Æ -p2]Zo @, cg';"lr !, cf=k|f=lz=k=bf];|f] _

of] p2]Zo k|fKt ug{ ;xof]u ug{ sfo{qmdx? lgDg cg';f/ 5g\ M

v08 %= kf7\oqmd gljs/0f / d"Nof°g

%=! kf7\oqmd / kf7\ok':ts gljs/0f

%=@ lg/Gt/ d"Nof°g

v08 ^ lzIfs tflnd / k]zfut ;xof]u

^=! lgoldt tflnd / ;xof]u

^=@ k|dfl0fs/0f (certification) tflnd

k|fylds ljBfnox?df lzlIfsf / k|d'v lzIfsx?sf] lgo'lQmsf] ljifonfO{ of] efusf] z}lIfs pknAwL

cg'R5]b $=# / $=$ df ;Djf]wg ul/Psf] 5 . of] d'2f Ifdtf clea[lå / kx'Fr tyf z}lIfs lg/Gt/tf

(retention) h:tf If]qx?df ;d]t ;fGble{s eP tfklg lzIfsx? k|fljlws sd{rf/L x'g / cGo

b]zx?df dlxnf lzIfsx?sf] z}lIfs jftfj/0f / s]6Lx?sf] z}lIfs pknlAwdf ;sf/fTds k|efj kf/]sf]

k|df0f kfOPsf] 5 .

ælzlIfsfx?sf] Go"g pkl:yltn] aflnsfx?sf] lzIffdf kx'Fr / z}lIfs u'0f:t/df ;'wf/ ug{ jfwf

k'¥ofPsf] 7flgPsf] 5 lsgeg] -s_ ljz]ifu/L w]/} lnË lje]b ePsf ;dfhx?df cfkm\gf hjfg 5f]/Lx?

k'?if lzIfssf] ;Dks{df cfpg] s'/fx? cleefjsx? lrlGtt x'G5g\ -v_ o;}u/L k'?if lzIfsx? dlxnf

ljBfyL{x?k|lt sd Wofg lbG5g\ / -u_ s]6Lx?nfO{ lzlIfsf cg's/0fLo AolQmsf] ?kdf h?/t kb{5 .Æ -

jf8]g / lu|g !(($_

lzlIfsfx?sf] sd k|ltlglwTj ePsf] b]zx?df aflnsfx?sf] ljBfno egf{ / n}lËs ;dfgtfdf klg

sdL ePsf] kfO{G5 . a+unfb]znfO{ 5f]8]/ g]kfndf Plzofsf cGo b]zx? eGbf w]/} sd k|ltzt dlxnf

57

lzIfsx? k|fylds ljBfnodf 5g\ . ;g\ !(** df a+unfb]z jfx]ssf ;Dk"0f{ d'n'sx?df @% eGbf

a9\tf dlxnf lzIfsx? lyP, h'g :t/df g]kfn ev{/ dfq k'Ub}5 .

s= kl/ro

cf=k|f= lz=k=bf];|f] sf= sf= of] (PIP) pknlAw lj:tf/ ug]{ nIox? lgDg cg';f/ 5g\ M

kfFr jif{sf] cjlwdf aflnsf;lxt ;Dk"0f{ afnaflnsfx?sf] &%Ü ;Vofn] k'/f % jif{ ljBfnodf

Joltt ug]{ 5g\ .

sIff # b]lv % ;Ddsf &)Ü afnaflnsfx?n] g]kfnL / ul0ft ljifox?df Go"gtd z}lIfs :t/

xfl;n ug]{5g\ .

sIff # sf] cf};t d"NofÍg k|fKtf+s %)Ü af6 a9]/ &%Ü k'Ug]5 .

sfo{qmdsf ljleGg v08x? oL nIox? k|fKt ug]{ lbzf tkm{ pGd"v 5g\ .

dfly ! df aflnsfx?nfO{ ls6]/ pNn]v ul/P tfklg cf=k|f lz=k=bf];|f] cg';"lr ! p2]Zo @ df pNn]lvt

gLlt, /0fgLlt / cg'udgsf ;"rsx? n}lËs ljz]if 5}gg . lsgeg] ltgLx?n] afns cyjf aflnsfsf]

7fpFdf afnaflnsf / lzIfs cyjf lzlIfsfsf] :yfgdf lzIfs dfq eg]/ ;Djf]wg ub{5g\ . o;n]

lzIf0f / 1fg k|fKtLsf] nflu aflnsfx?sf vf; cfjZostfx? / lzlIfsfx?sf] of]ubfgsf] dxTjnfO{

a]jf:tf u/]sf] b]lvG5 .

v= kl/0ffd

k|fljlws ;d"x n] s"n egf{ b/ ;g\ !((* sf] !@#=(Ü af6 a9]/ ;g\ @))) df !!(=*Ü k'u]sf]

atfPsf] 5 . ;g\ !((* sf] v'b :jo+ b/ &)=%Ü af6 a9]/ )=$Ü k'u]s]f 5 . aflnsfx?sf] cf};t

:j:k'mt{ egf{ b/ ;g\ !((* sf] cjlwsf] ^!Ü af6 a9]/ &$=^Ü k'u]sf] 5 .

tyflk of] ;'wf/ b]zAoflk ?kdf ;dfg 5}g . s]xL lhNnfx?sf] :j:k'mt{ egf{ b/ (NER) nuftf/

?kdf Go"g /x]sf] 5 . ;a} eGbf Go"g (GER) / v=e=b= /x]sf] !) j6f lhNnfx? dWo]leq !) j6f

Go"gtd -Pg=O=cf/_ NER ePsf] & j6f lhNnf t/fO{ If]qdf /x]sf] 5g\ . oL dWo] % j6f lhNnfx?

;a} eGbf Go"g lh=O=cf/ (GER) ePsf lhNnfx? leq kb{5g\ . o;n] k|i6} b]vfpF5 ls ;f+:s[lts

kIfx? oftfoft / ;+rf/sf] ;'ljwf hlt s} dxTjk"0f{ x'G5g\ . oL ;'ljwfx? c? If]qx? eGbf t/fO{df

j9L 5 . ;a} eGbf v/fa l:yltdf /x]sf] lhNnfx? dWo] # j6f pRr kxf8L If]qdf kb{5g\ . ;a} eGbf

Go"g -Pg=O=cf/_ NER / b'O{ jif{ cjlwdf kl/jt{g b/ ;a} eGbf Go"g /x]sf lhNnfx?sf] ljj/0f

tnsf] tflnsfdf b]vfOPsf] 5 M

lhNnf !((* @))) Ü kl/jt{g

/f}tx6 @@=^ $)=% !&=(

c5fd #)=) &(=^ $(=^

;nf{xL #)=& $!=& !!=&

slknj:t' #!=! %%=) @#=^

dxf]Q/L #@=! %!=! !(=)

af/f ##=# %@=^ !&=#

;Kt/L #$=! %@=( !*=*

sflnsf]6 #%=) **=) $#=)

?kGb]xL #^=* ^#=) @^=@

l;/xf #^=( $(=& !@=*

58

OPdcfO{P; (EMIS) @))! tflnsf @=!$

oL !) lhNnfx?dWo] & j6f lhNnfx?n] pRr kl/jt{g b/ sfod u/]sf 5g\ / :jo+ egf{ b/ ()Ü

k'¥ofpg] /fli6«o nIo k'/f x'gsf nflu cf=k|f=lz=k=bf];|f] cGt{ut /xg] @ jif{ cjlw e/ of] b/ sfod

/fVg'kg]{ x'G5 .

aflnsfx?sf] -Pg=O=cf/_ NER jf:tjd} 36]sf] cGo lhNnfx?df a[lå Nofpgsf nflu k|z:t yk

k||of;x?sf] h?/t kg]]{ b]lvG5 . uf]/vf, ndh'Ë, kj{t, :ofªhf, kfNkf, c3fvfFrL, k;f{, wg'iff, tfKn]h'Ë

/ Onfd lhNnf o:tf lhNnfx?dWo] kb{5g\ . -Pg=O=cf/_ NER df ;a}eGbf a9L sdL cfPsf] ndh'Ë

lhNnfdf (%Ü af6 36]/ ^*=$Ü k'u]sf] lyof] / ;a}eGbf sd 36]sf] k;f{ lhNnfdf $#=$Ü af6

$@=*Ü k'u]sf] lyof] .

k|fylds lzIff b]zel/ lj:tf/ u/L >L % sf] ;/sf/n] 7"n} k|ult xfl;n u/]sf] s'/f dfGg}

k5{ . To;}u/L w]/} lzIfsx? / sd{rf/Lx?sf] k|ltaåtf / ;dk{0fdf z+sf ug]{ 7fpF 5}g, t/ ljBfno

Pp6f ;'vb cg'ej x'g} k5{ eGg] 5}g M

æsIff ! df k|j]z u/]sf] Pp6f ^ jif]{ aRrf Pp6f ?vf] jftfj/0fdf /x]sf plQ ;fx\f] ;xfg'e"lt

gbzf{pg] / pQ/bfloTj jxg gug]{ lzIfsx?aLr ckl/lrt cg'xf/x?sf] le8sf] ;fdfgf ug{ k'U5 .

cem, olb Tof] aRrf g]kfnL jfx]ssf] efiff k[i7e"ld / lk5l8Psf] ;d'bfoaf6 cfPsf] xf] eg] To;n]

Pp6f cGhfg efiff / lk5l8Psf] ;d'bfo cyjf cNk;+Vos ;b:o ePsf]df ;'Id lt/:sf/sf] ;d]t

;fdgf ug'{kg]{ x'G5 .Æ -k|fljlws ;d"x, gf]e]Da/ @))!, cg' ^=@, k[=$!_

o;n] ljBfno k|j]z ubf{ w]/} afnaflnsfx?n] ;fdgf ug'{kg]{ cj:yf b]vfpFb5 . of] n}ËLs cWoog

;d"xn}=e"=;= n] e|d0f u/]sf] t/fO{sf # j6f u|fdL0f ljBfnox?df b'O b'O hgf lzIfsx? cg'kl:yt

lyP . b'Oj6f ljBfnox?df ck'u sIff sf]7fx? lyP / tL kmf]xf]/ / ;+ef//lxt lyP . Ps 7fFpdf %

j6fdWo] # j6f sIffx? v'nf rf}/df / csf]{ ljBfnodf v'Nnf 6x/f]df sIffx? ;+rflnt lyP .

olb afns cyjf aflnsfx? ljBfnodf pkl:yt x'g'sf] s]xL d"No 5 eg] lzIffsf] u'0f:t/nfO{ t'?Gt

ljrf/ ul/g' kb{5 . olb cfkm\gf] cfo u'dfP/ s]xL k|fKt x'Fb}g eg] ul/a cleefjsn] cfkmgf

5f]/f5f]/Lx?nfO{ ljBfno k7fpg] 5}gg\ .

xfn;Dd ;g\ !((& / @))! df u/L sIff # sf] d"Nof°g hfFr b'O{ k6s ul/Psf] 5 . ;g\ !((& df

ljBfyL{x?n] ul0ft, g]kfnL / ;fdflhs cWoog ljifox?df ;f]lwPsf s"n k|Zgx? dWo] cfwf sf] dfq

hjfkm lbg ;s]sf lyP . ;g\ @))! df g]kfnL / ;fdflhs cWoog ljifox?df yf]/} ;'wf/ b]lvPsf]

lyof] .

of] d"Nof°g ul0ft, ;fdflhs cWoog / g]kfnL ljifox?df ;+rfng ul/Psf] lyof] . ljBfyL{sf lgDg

kIfx?n] pknlAwdf dxTjk"0f{ k|efj kf/]sf lyP M

ljBfyL{sf] lnË M ul0ft / ;fdflhs cWoog ljifox?df 5fqf -%$=(Ü_ x? eGbf 5fqx?n] a9L

c° k|fKt ug]{ ;Dejgf b]lvG5 .

r}q dlxgfdf cg'kl:yt ePsf lbgx? dxTjk"0f{ b]lvP M hlt a9L ljBfyL{ lgoldt eof] Tolt g}

a9L c° Nofpg] ;Dejgf /xG5 . ljBfyL{x? cg'kl:yt /x]sf] lbgsf] ;+Vof ^% lyof] .

Pp6} tx jf sIff bf]x¥ofPsf] ;+Vof M h;n] hlt a9L Pp6} tx bf]xf]¥of] p;n] TotL g} sd c°

k|fKt ug]{ ;Defjgf b]lvof] - cf};t bf]xf]¥ofPsf] ;+Vof )=%! lyof] _ .

kf7\ok':ts eGbf aflx/sf lstfax? k9g] ljBfyL{n] a9L c° xfl;n ug]{ ;Dejgf b]lvof] -$^=&Ü

ljBfyL{x?n] kf7\ok':ts eGbf yk k':tsx? cWoog u/]sf lyP _ .

59

3/df ljB'tsf] ;'ljwf M 3/df lah'nL gx'g] eGbf x'g]n] a9L c° k|fKt ug]{ ;Dejgf b]lvof] -

%%=*Ü ljBfyL{x?sf] 3/df lah'nL ;'ljwf lyof] _ .

3/df af]nL rfnLsf] efiff g]kfnLsf] k|of]u M 3/df g]kfnL efiffsf] k|of]u ug]{ ljBfyL{x?n] gug]{x?

eGbf a9L c° xf;Ln ug]{ ;Defjgf b]lvof] -&#=*ÜljBfyL{x?n] 3/df g]kfnL efiff af]Ng] u/]sf]

kfOof] _ .

cleefjsx?;Fu ;DalGwt kIfx?n,] z}lIfs pknlAwdf pNn]vgLo k|efj kfl/Psf] b]lvPg .

ljBfyL{x?sf] pknlAwdf vf;} k|efj gkf/]sf kIfx? lgDg cg';f/ 5g\ M

3/sf] sfd -**=#Ü n] 3/df sfd u5{g\ _

ljBfno hfgsf nflu cfjZos ;do -cf}zt ;do !#=!& dLg]6_

k"j{ k|fylds ljBfno lzIff -@%=(Ü ljBfyL{x?n] o:tf] lzIff kfPsf lyP _

cWoogdf 3/sf] ;xof]u -(@=(Ü ljBfyL{x?n] cWoogsf] nflu 3/sf] ;xof]u kfPsf

lyP _

kf7\ok':tsf] pknAwtf -(*=(Ü ljBfyL{x?;Fu ;a} tLg ljifosf kf7\o k':tsx? lyP_

oL glthfx?nfO{ clGtd 7flgPsf] 5}g / yk cg';Gwfg ug]{sf nflu ;'emfj lbOPsf] 5 . To;df klg

oL glthfx?n] s]6f / s]6Lx?df ljleGg kIfn] kf/]sf k|efjnfO{ 5'§f5'§} b]vfPsf] 5}gg\ .

cWoog ul/Psf ;a} tLg ljifox?df ljBfyL{;Fu ;DalGwt kIfx? ;dfg lyP . t/ lzIfs ;DaGwL

kIfx?df eg] s]xL cGt/x? lyP . pRr z}lIfs of]Uotf ePsf lzIfsx? pknAw x'Fbf tyf

ljBfyL{x?nfO{ k6s k6s cg'udg tyf lg/LIf0f ul/+bf ljBfyL{x?n] ul0ftdf pRr c° NofPsf] kfOof]

. ljBfno;Fu ;GalGwt kIfx?sf] s'/f ubf{ ljBfnosf] ef}lts jftfj/0f / ljBfyL{x?sf] nflu ul/Psf]

pRr nufgL h:tf kIfn] pRr c° k|fKt ug{ ;xof]u u/]sf] b]lvof] ha ls dlxnf lzIfsx?sf] cg'kft

a9L ePsf :yfgx?df ul0ftdf sd c° xfl;n u/]sf] kfOof] . o;n] dlxnf lzIfsx?nfO{ pRr

of]Uotf k|fKt ug{ yk tflnd / cj;/sf] vfFrf] 5 eGg] b]vfpF5 . ;fdflhs cWoog ljifodf sd

pd]/sf / pRr z}lIfs of]Uotf ePsf lzIfsx? ePsf ljBfnodf pRr c° k|fKt u/]sf] b]lvof] .

pRr c° k|flKtsf nflu ljBfno;Fu ;DalGwt dxTjk"0f{ kIfx? lgDg cg';f/ b]lvP M

dflyNnf] txsf] k9fO x'g] ljBfnox?

s]6Lx?sf] cg'kft a9L ePsf] sIff

;fgf] ;+Vofdf ljBfyL{x? /x]sf] sIff

k|j]lzsf k/LIff eGbf a9L of]Uotf ePsf k|fylds ltxdf k9fpg] lzIfs

kf7\ok':tssf] ;'netf

z}lIfs ;fdu|Lx?df a9L nufgL

g]kfnL ljifodf a9L cg'ej ePsf lzIfs / Ps eGbf a9L ljifo k9fpg] lzIfsx? ePsf x'Fbf

ljBfyL{n] sd c° k|fKt u/]sf] b]lvof]

kf7\ok':ts pknAw ePsf / k|j]lzsf k/LIff ptL0f{ eGbf a9L z}lIfs of]Uotf ePsf lzIfsx?sf]

k|ltzt a9L ePsf ljBfnox?sf ljBfyL{n] a9L c° xfl;n u/]sf] kfOof] .

d"Nof°gaf6 k|fKt oL ;"rgf w]/} dxTjk"0f{ 5g\ . t/ lognfO{ n}lËs b[li6sf]0faf6 cem a9L ljeflht

ul/g' kb{{5 . of] d"Nof°gn] ul0ft / ;fdflhs cWoog ljifox?df s]6Lx? eGbf s]6fx?n] /fd|f] cÍ

xfl;n u/]sf] b]vfpF5 . t/ o;sf] cGt/ Psbd} sd 5 . ljBfno;Fu ;DalGwt kIfx? dxTjk"0f{ 5g\ .

3/sf] sfd / kf7\o k':tssf] ;'netf nufotsf 3/;Fu ;DalGwt kIfx?sf] cem} cWoog ul/g'

60

cfjZos 5 . cGo b]zx?df ul/Psf cWoogn] aflnsfx?n] 7"n} ;do 3/sf] sfddf nufpFbf

pgLx?sf] cWoog ;donfO{ g/fd|f];Fu ;Lldt kf/]sf] b]vfPsf] 5 . k]?df ul/Psf] cWoogn]

aflnsfx?sf] z}lIfs pknlAwdf k|efj kfg]{ Pp6f k|d'v kIf cfkmg} kf7\o k':ts pknAw x'g' xf] eGg]

b]vfPsf] 5 . t/ o;n] s]6fx?nfO{ vf;} cGt/ kf/]sf] b]lvPg .

kfls:tfgsf] pQ/ klZrdL ;Ldf k|fGt (North West Frontier Province) sf] ck/ lb/sf ;d'bfon]

;+rfng u/]sf]Pp6f jflnsfx?sf] :s"nsf :yfgLo lzlIfsfx? h;n] ;xof]uL jftfj/0fdf tflnd k|fKt

u/L k9fpbf jflnsfx?sf] z}lIfs pknJwLsf] :t/ lgs} /fd|f] kfOof] .

lzIff d"Nof°g k|ltj]bgn] lnË cg';f/ z}lIfs pknlAwsf] :t/nfO{ 5'§fPsf] 5}g . z}lIfs pknlAw

xfl;n ug{ ckgfOPsf pkfox?sf] k|efj cg'udg ug{ k|f/lDes / d"Nof°g hfFrx? ckl/xfo{ x'G5g\ .

oL hfFrx?nfO{ cem} ljsf; ul/g' kb{{5 / k|fKtf°x?nfO{ n}lËs ?kdf 5'6\ofpg' kb{5 . ljleGg

ef}uf]lns If]qx? / ;fj{hlgs tyf lghL ljBfnox?aLrdf ljljwtf kfOPsf lyP .

sf7df08f} pkTosfdf ;a}eGbf a9L k|fKtfÍ b]lvof] / pkTosfsf gLlh ljBfnox?n] ;fj{hlgs

ljBfnox?n] eGbf a9L c+s k|fKt u/]sf] kfOof] .

w]/} r'gf}tLx? cem} afFsL g} /x]sf] k|i6 5 . k|fljlws ;d"xsf] k|ltj]bgn] pgLx?sf] ljrf/df lzIff

k|0ffnLn] /fd|f];Fu sfd ul//x]sf] / w]/} ljBfnox? k|efjsf/L gePsf] jtfPsf] 5 . tflnd k|fKt

ul/xfn] klg w]/} lzIfsx?n] /fd|f];Fu tflnd kfPsf 5}gg . k|d'v lzIfsx?nfO{ cfkm\gf] ljBfno

k|efjsf/L 9Ëaf6 Joj:yfkg ug{sf nflu cfjZos clwsf/ / Ifdtfsf] sdL 5 / lg/LIf0f k|0ffnLdf

sfkmL ;'wf/sf] vfFrf] 5 .

u= afwfx?

lzIfsx?, lzlIfsfsf k|lzIfsx?, k|d'v lzIfsx? / ;|f]t JolQmx?nfO{ tflnd lbg' uxg sfo{ xf] . cem

of] sfo{nfO{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg lhNnf lzIff sfof{nox?sf] Ifdtf ljsf; ug'{ emg} sl7g sfd xf] . @)

jif{ cl3b]lv ;/sf/L gLlt x'Fbfx'Fb} klg lzIfsx?sf] lgo'lQm k|s[of cGtu{t w]/} lhNnfx?n] Pshgf

dfq dlxnf sd{rf/L lgo'lQmug{ g;Sg' u+eL/ ?kn] ;f]Rg'kg]{ ljifo xf] .

3= ;'emfjx?

z}lIfs pknlAw;Fu ;DalGwt ;'emfjx?, k|To]s v08 / pkv08df k|:t't ul/Psf 5g\ .

$=! kf7\oqmd gljs/0f / d"NofÍg M v08 %

$=!=! kf7\oqmd / kf7\o k':tsx? M pkv08 %=!

of] p2]Zosf] ljz]if Wofg sIff ! b]lv # ;Dd z}lIfs pknlAw a9fpg' xf] .

!_ kf7\o k':ts / kf7\qmd gljs/0fsf nflu ul/Psf s[ofsnfkx?sf] p2]Zosf lgDg k|sf/ lyP M

k|fylds ljBfnosf kf7\oqmd / kf7\o k':tsx?sf] gljs/0f ug'{

k|fylds txsf ;a} ljifox?sf nflu lzIfs lgb]{lzsf tof/ ug'{

OR5flwg ljifox? ljsf; ug'{

cfwf/e"t tyf k|fylds lzIff ljsf; ljefudf (BPEDU) df Pp6f k|sfzg OsfO{ :yfkg ug'{

;fjwfgLk"j{s tof/ ul/Psf kf7\ok':ts / lzIf0f ;fdu|Lx?n] lzIf0f k|s[ofnfO{ ;xof]u ug{ ;s'g\

eGg] lgZro u/L lgDg /0fgLltx? k|:tfj ul/Psf lyP M

61

k|To]s txsf nflu Go"gtd z}lIfs:t/ sfod ug]{ h;n] ubf{ lzIffnfO{ ljBfyL{sf] lg/Gt/ k|ultsf]

d"Nof°gnfO{ pgLx?sf] b}lgs lzIf0f cEof;;Fu PsLs[t u/L ;xof]u k'¥ofpg lzIf0f ljlw /

;fdu|LaLrdf ;fdGh:o :yfkgf xf];\

sIff ! b]lv # ;Ddsf txdf ;Dej eP;Dd lzIf0fnfO{ :t/ lgwf{/0f ug{sf nflu ljlw /

;fdu|Lx? ljsf; ul/g]

;fgf ljBfnox?df ;Ë7g lj:tf/ u/L pko'Qm ljlw / ;fdu|Lx? ljsf; ul/g]

kf7\oqmd sfo{fGjog / kf7\o k':tsx?sf] k|of]unfO{ k"0f{tf lbg / ;xof]u ug{ yk ;fdu|Lx?

ljsf; ul/g]

kf7\ok':ts, lzIfs lgb]{lzsf, k"/s kf7\o ;fdu|L / sfo{k':tsx?sf] (workbook) Aoj:yf ul/g]

kl/0ffdd"vL lzIf0f ljlw ljsf; ug]{ Wo]on] cf=k|=lz=k= k|yds} cjlwdf kf7\oqmd / k':tsx?sf] k"0f{

;dLIff ul/Psf] lyof] . kf7\oqmd k"0f{ ?kn] sfo{fGjog eO g;s]sf] ;Gbe{df ;/sf/n] kf7\oqmd

slDtdf % jif{ / kf7\o k':tsx? cfufdL # jif{;Dd k'g/fjnf]sg gug]{ lg0f{o u¥of] . kf7\oqmd /

kf7\o k':tsx?sf] sIff # sf ljBfyL{x?sf] ;Ë7g, lg/Gt/tf, pko'Qmtf / ;/ntf ;DaGwL /fli6«o

d"Nofªsgsf cfwf/df k'g/fjnf]sg ul/Psf] lyof] . t/ o;df n}lËs b[li6sf]0fsf] k|of]u ul/Psf] lyPg .

efjL ;dLIffnfO{ ;xof]u k'uf]; eGg] p2]Zon] kf7\oqmd sfo{fGjog ug]{ qmddf cfkm\gf cg'ejx?sf]

n]vg ug]{ / ;Defljt ;d:of / d'2fx?sf] klxrfg ug]{ sfo{ cf=k|f=lz=k=bf];|f] n] ul//x]sf] 5 .

sIff # sf] kf7\oqmd / /fli6«o d"Nof°gsf] glthfx?af6 k|fKt kf7sf] cfwf/df kf7\oqmdsf hl6n

If]qx?sf nflu k"/s lzIfs lgb]{lzsf / ljBfyL{ sfo{ k'l:tsfx?sf] ljsf; ul/g] 5 .

sIff ! b]lv # ;Ddsf k|fylds ljBfnodf z}lIfs pknlAwdf a[l4 ug{ cf=k|f=lz=k=bf];|f] n] lzIffdf

å}efifL (bilingual) ljlw z'? ug]{ / ;fIf/tf / ul0ftdf ;'wf/ Nofpg z}lIfs ;fdu|Lx?sf] ljsf; ug]{

of]hgf u¥of] . -sf=sf=of]=k[= #@, @=$=!$_

v= pknlAw÷glthfx?

w]/}h;f] k|fKt ePsf kl/0ffdx? h;nfO{ tnsf] tflnsfdf ;+lIfKt ?kdf k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 .

!= s]lGb|o txdf xfl;n k|ultsf] ;f/f+z

qm=;= sfo{qmd s[kfsnfkx? jflif{s nIo jflif{s k|ult s}lkmot

nIo OsfO{ pknlAw Ü

( kf7\oqmd /

kf7\o k':ts

;'wf/

(=! kf7\oqmd / kf7\o

k':tsdf ;'wf/ /

gljs/0f ul/of]

!( – !( !))

(=@ kf7\o k':ts /

z}lIfs ;fdu|Lx? sIff–!

sf nflu /fO{ / du/

efiffdf / sIff $ sf

nflu cjwL, ef]hk'/L,

d}ynL, yf?, tfdfË,

g]jf/L, / lnDa', efiffdf

pTkfbg

( – ( !))

62

(=# lnDa' / cjwL

efiffdf kf7\o

k':tsx?sf] k'gd'{b|0f -

!%,)))_

@ – @ !))

(=$ u'?Ë efiffdf

kf7\qmdsf] ljsf;

! – ! !))

(=% k|efjsfl/tf

cWoogx?

! – ! !))

!! – !) !))

kf7\oqmd / kf7\o k':tsx?sf] If]qdf ePsf] k|ultdf ##))*) yfg sIff ! / @ sf sfo{ k'l:tsfx?

;dfj]z 5g\ . o;}u/L sIff ! b]lv % ;Ddsf lzIf0f ;fdu|Lx? tof/ / ljt/0f ul/P ;fy} ul0ft

ljifosf] nflu ;|f]t ;fdu|Lx? tof/ / ljt/0f ul/P .

-@_ k|sfzg PsfO{, cfwf/e"t / k|fylds lzIff ljsf; PsfO{

k|fylds lzIff kl/of]hgf / cf=k|=lz=k=bf];|f]sf] cjlwdf k|fylds lzIfsf] nflu kf7\oqmd, kf7ok':ts /

z}lIfs ;fdu|L ljsf; ug]{ Pp6f OsfO{ lyof] . of] OsfO{n] kf7\oqmd, kf7\ok':ts / z}lIfs ;fdu|L

tof/ u/]/ hgs lzIff ;fdu|L s]Gb«nfO{ x:tfGt/0f u¥of] . of] s]Gb|sf] k|sfzg / Aofkfl/s pTkfbg

u/L ;femf k|sfzg dfkm{t lhNnfx?df ljt/0f ug]{ lhDd]jf/L lyof] . tflnd / xf8{j]o/ tyf ;km6\j]o/

/ jfx\o ljz]if1tfsf] ;]jf h:tf pko'Qm k|sfzg ;fdu|Lsf dfWodaf6 sd{rf/Lx?sf] k]zfut sf}zn

;'b[9 ug{sf nflu cfwf/e"t tyf k|fylds lzIff ljsf; OsfO{ df Pp6f k|sfzg OsfO{ :yfkgf ul/of] .

u afwf÷c8rgx?

kf7\oqmd / kf7\ok':tssf If]qx?df k|of;x? eP tfklg cem}+ sdL sdhf]/Lx? 5g\ M

h:t}M oL nufgLx?sf] kmn:j?k lzIf0f k|ltkmndf dfkg of]Uo ;'wf/x? k|i6 b]lvg cem afFsL g} 5 .

cj:yf, ;do / kl/j]zn] dfFu u/] cg';f/ kf7\oqmd / kf7\o k':tsx?sf] k'g/fjnf]sg /

k'gn]{vg ul/Psf] 5}g .

sIff ! b]lv % ;Ddsf k|fylds ljBfnosf ;Dk"0f{ kf7\ok ':tsx?sf nflu lzIfs lgb]{lzsfx?sf]

ljsf; ug]{ / ;DalGwt lzIfsx?nfO{ /fi6AofkL ?kdf pknAw u/fpg afFsL g} 5 .

k|fylds txsf sIffx?sf] k|lzIf0f tyf lzIf0f k|s[ofdf kl/jt{g cfpg afFsL g} 5 .

u= n}lËs cj/f]wx?

s]xL k|fylds txsf kf7\o k':tsx?sf kf7\oqmd n}lËs ?kdf k"jf{u|xL 5g\ . ;fob kf7\oqmdsf] 9fFrf

tof/ ug]{ JolQmx? k'?if ePsf] / pgLx? n}lËs ?kdf ;+j]bgzLn g/x]sf] sf/0fn] o:tf] ePsf] xf]nf .

To;sf/0f, k'?if s]lGb|t zAbx? / n}lËs s'wf/0ffx?sf] htftt} k|of]u ePs]f b]lvG5 . pbfx/0fsf] nflu

sIff $ sf] c+u|]hL ljifodf ;dfj]z k'R5/] k|Zg (Tag Question) sf efiffdf cfb]z / If]qsf] sfo{

cGtu{t (Order and Scope of Language Function) ;f]lwPsf] k|Zg o:tf] 5M

æltd|f] a'af lzIfs x'g'x'G5, xf]Og t <Æ

æxf] pxfF lzIfs g} xf]Æ

æcxF, pxfF xf]Og .Æ

k'?if s]lGb|t zAbx? kf7\o k':tsdf k|of]u ul/Psf k|z:t pbfx/0fx? 5g\ . ljBfyL{x?nfO{ dlxnf /

afnaflnsfx?sf] :t/ lgDg /x]sf] b]vfpFb} dlxnfx?nfO{ bf];|f] bhf{ / k/Dk/fut e"ldsfx?df t:jL/,

syf, lrqq / pbfx/0fx?df b]vfOPsf] 5 . o:tf k|:t'ltx?n] dlxnfx?nfO{ Joj;flos gePsf] sdhf]/

63

ePsf] b]vfpF5g\ . c+u|]hL kf7\ok':tsx? / sIff % sf] g]kfnL k':tsdf ;d]t o:tf pbfx/0fx? k|z:t

5g\ .

3_ ;'emfjx?

!= ;do, cj:yf / /fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o kl/j]zn] dfu u/] cg';f/ kf7\qmd / kf7\o k':tsx?nfO{

k'g/fjnf]sg, gljs/0f jf k'gn]{vg ul/g' kb{5 .

@= kf7\oqmd ljsf;stf{ / kf7\o k':ts n]vsx?nfO{ aflnsf / dlxnfx?sf] :t/ / cj:yfdf ;'wf/

Nofpg n}lËs d'2fx?nfO{ kf7\ok':tsdf ljgf k"jf{u|x s;/L ;dfj]z / ljsf; ug]{ eGg] If]qx?df

tflnd lbOg' kb{5 .

#= dlxnf n]vs / dlxnf kf7\oqmd ljsf;stf{x? ;+nUg x'g' kb{5 .

$= kf7\omqmd / kf7\o k':tsx? n}lËs, ;fdflhs / If]qut k"jf{u|xx?af6 d'Qm x'g' kb{5 .

%= lzIfsx?sf] lgb]{lzsf / k"/s kf7\o;fdu|Lx? ljsf; ul/g' kb{5 / ;DalGwt ;a}nfO{ ljt/0f

ul/g' kb{5 .

^= kf7\oqmd sfof{Gjog ug{ / kf7\o k':tsx?sf] k|of]u ug{ lzIfsx?nfO{ tflnd lbOg' kb{5 .

&= kf7\oqmdsf] lg/LIf0f / d"NofÍg lglZrt ;dofjlwdf sfof{Gjog ul/g' kb{5 .

*= kf7\oqmd, kf7\o k':ts / k7g ;fdu|Lx? cfjZostf cg';f/ ;dodf g} ljt/0f ul/g' kb{5 .

(= Pp6f lg/Gt/ d"NofÍg k|0ffnLåf/f kf7\oqmd / lzIfs tflndaLr ;fdGh:o :yfkgf ul/g' kb{5 .

$=!=!=! kf7\o k':ts ljt/0f

s= kl/ro

o'lkO{ (UPE) sf nflu k|fylds ljBfnosf afnaflnsfx?nfO{ lgz'Ns kf7\o k':ts ljt/0f ug'{ Pp6f

k|d'v /0fgLlt lyof] . kf7\o k':ts pTkfbgdf cfjZos sfuhsf] vr{ o'lg;]kmsf] cfly{s ;xof]uaf6

Joxf]l/g] u/L of] sfo{qmd afnaflnsfx?sf] cGt/f{li6«o jif{ !(&* df z'? ul/of] . sIff # ;Ddsf

;Dk"0f{ ljBfyL{x? / b'u{d If]qdf sIff $ / % sf aflnsfx?nfO{ lgz'Ns lzIff / kf7\o k':tsx?sf]

;'?jft ul/of] . ;g\ !(*& sf] cfwf/e"t cfjZostf sfo{qmd cGtu{t z}lIfs jif{ !(**÷*( df

sIff $ ;Ddsf aflnsfx?nfO{ lgz'Ns kf7\o k':tsx? ljt/0f ul/of] .

hgs lzIff ;fdu|L s]Gb|n] ljBfyL{ ;+vofsf] cfwf/df kf7\o k':tsx?sf] k|sfzg u¥of] . k|sfzg

kZrft ;femf k|sfzg dfkm{t kf7\o k':tsx? &% lhNnfsf lhNnf lzIff sfof{nox?df k'¥ofOy] . kf7\o

k':tsx? k|fKt ePkl5 lhNnf lzIff sfof{nox?n] ljleGg lgsfox?nfO{ ljt/0fsf] clwsf/ ;'DkGy] .

k|To]s ljBfyL{nfO{ ! ;]6 k'Ug]u/L ljBfnox?nfO{ lbOGYof] . t/ gLlh ljBfnox?nfO{ eg] o:tf

k':tsx? lgz'Ns ljt/0f ul/Pg . lecf/lh -VRG !((#_

kf7\ok':ts ljt/0fsf] of] k|s[of w]/} ;kmn eg] ePg . lhNnf / ljBfno:t/df pQ/bfloTjsf] cefjsf]

sf/0fn] kmh'n vr{ ePsf] kfOof] . ljBfnox?n] pgLx?nfO{ cfjZos eGbf a9L k':tsx?sf] dfu u/] .

lhNnf lzIff sfo{nox?n] klg s'g} hfFr gu/L pbf/tfk"j{s k':tsx? ljt/0f u/] .

;g\ !((# df ljt/0f k|s[of kl/jt{g ul/of] M

ljBfyL{x?n] z}lIfs jif{sf] z'?df cfkm}n] k':tsx? lsGg' kb{5 . pgLx?nfO{ k|wfgfWofks dfkmt{

lhNnf:tl/o clwsf/Ln] k':tssf] nflu nfu]sf] /sd lkmtf{ u5{g\ .

hgs lzIff ;fdu|L s]Gb|sf clwsf/ k|fKt ljqm]tf dfkm{t lhNnf ;b/d'sfddf kf7\o k':ts

pknAw u/fP .

ljBfnox?n] cfjZos k':tsx? yf]s ?kdf lsGg ;S5g\ / ljBfyL{n] k':ts k|fKt u/]sf] ekf{O

k]z u/]/ lhNnf lzIff sfo{fnoaf6 pQm /sd pgLx?n] lkmtf{ lng ;S5g\ .

64

of] of]hgf klg ;a} lhNnfsf ljBfno / cleefsx?nfO{ pko'Qm / ;lhnf] ePsf] kfOPg . kf7\o

k':tsx?sf] k|efjsf/L ljt/0fsf] nflu lzIff tyf v]ns'b d+qfnon] tn pNn]lvt of]hgfnfO{ k|of]usf]

?kdf c+uLsf/ u¥of] M

# j6f lhNnfx?df s'kg k|0ffnL sfo{fGjog ul/Psf] 5 .

# j6f lhNnfx?df l6sfp x'g] kf7\o k':tsx?sf] k'gM k|of]u ul/g'kg]{ k|0ffnL z'? ul/Psf] 5 .

# j6f lhNnfx?df :yfgLo vl/b cfb]z k|0ffnL nfu" ul/Psf] 5 .

# j6f lhNnfx?df yf]s ljt/0f k|0ffnL nfu" ul/Psf] 5 .

v= pknlAw÷k|ltkmnx?

g]kfndf xfn;Dd kf7\o k':ts ljt/0fn] aflnsfx?sf] lzIffdf k/]sf] k|efjsf] ljZn]if0f ul/Psf] 5}g .

tyflk cGo b]zdf ul/Psf] cg';Gwfgn] gLlh kf7\o k':tsn] aflnsfx?sf] z}lIfs pknlAwdf dxTjk"0f{

;xof]u u/]sf] b]vfPsf] 5 . gLlh kf7\o k':tsn] s]6fsf] eGbf s]6Lx?sf] pknlAwdf a9L k|efj kfb{5 .

u= cj/f]wx?M

!= k':tsx? ;dod} ljt/0f ul/Psf] 5}g .

@= Psflt/ ul/ax? lstfa lsGg ;Sb}gg\ eg] csf]{lt/ pgLx?n] ;s] klg cfkm";Fu ePsf] yf]/} /sd

5f]/Lx?sf] lzIffdf nufgL ug{ rfxb}gg\ .

#= k':tsx?sf] u'0f:t/ Go"g 5 .

$= cleefjsx? 5f]/LnfO{ lzIff lbg'nfO{ sd d"No lbG5g\ . To;sf/0f pgLx? 5f]/Lsf] nflu k':ts

lsGg pT;'s b]lvb}gg\ .

%= b"u{d If]qsf cleefjsx?sf nflu pgLx?sf] 5f]/5f]/Lx?nfO{ k':ts lsGg lhNnf ;b/d'sfd hfg'

cK7\of/f] sfd xf] .

^= ljt/0f ug]{ lgsfosf] k':ts e08f/ w]/} 6f9f 5g\ .

&= k|d'v ljt/s ;femfn] yf]s ljqm]tf / cfkm\gf k|ltlglwx?nfO{ ;dod} k':ts cfk"lt{ ul/Psf]

kfOPg .

*= hfnL ekf{Ox? k]z ul/Psf] kfOof] .

(= k':ts vl/bsf] /sdsf] zf]w egf{ lng cleefjsx?n] w]/} k6s lhNnf ;b/d'sfd hfg' k/]sf]

b]lvof] .

3= ;'emfjx?

!= lgz'Ns kf7\o k':ts ljt/0f k|yf hf/L /flvg' kb{5 / ljt/0f k|s[ofnfO{ k'g/fjnf]sg ul/g' kb{5 .

@= kf7\o k':ts ljt/0fsf nflu ;++rflnt cu'jf sfo{qmdx?sf] d"NofÍg x'g' kb{5 .

#= kf7\o k':tssf] u'0f:t/ / cfsf/ ;'wf/ ul/g' k5{ .

$= kf7\o k':ts ljt/0fsf] k|s[ofnfO{ Jofks ?kdf k|rf/ ul/g' h?/L 5 .

%= kmh'n gf]S;fgnfO{ x6fO{g' kb{5 / ljt/0f k|0ffnLnfO{ ;/n / ;:tf] agfOg' kb{5 .

^= kf7\o k':tsx?sf] 5kfO{ / ljt/0f ;do d} x'g' kb{5 .

&= ljBfno:t/df cleefjs, ljBfno Joj:yfkg ;ldlt / ufpF, lzIff ;ldltx?sf] dfWodaf6

kf7\ok':tsx? pknAw u/fOg' kb{5 .

$=!=!=@= lg/Gt/ d"Nof°g M pk v08 %=@

of] v08 % sf] bf];|f] pkv08 xf] M

s= kl/ro

lg/Gt/ d"Nof°g z}lIfs pknlAw lj:tf/ ug]{ Pp6f gLlt xf] . of] cjwf/0ffn] sIff ! b]lv # ;Ddsf

afnaflnsfx?nfO{ s'g} cf}krfl/s kl/Iff lagf t/, k|To]s sIffdf cfjZos Go"gtd lzIff lgwf{/0f ub}{

sIff plt0f+{ u/fpFb5 . of] d"NofÍg clj/n x'G5 / o;nfO{ lzIf0f ljlwsf] cleGg cËsf] ?kdf x]l/G5 .

65

afnaflnsfx?n] cfjZos lzIf0f k|ltkmn k|fKt gu/] klg pgLx?nfO{ dflyNnf] sIffx?df tL ljifo /

If]qx?dfl;Sg] cj;/ lbOG5 . o;df lzIf0f sl7gfO{ ePsf afnaflnsfx?nfO{ lzIf0f ;xfotf lbPg]

;d]t Aoj:yf 5 . ljifo lzIfsx?sf] ;§fdf sIff jf txsf] nflu lhDd]jf/ ;xof]uLsf] Aoj:yf ug]{

of]hgf 5 .

k|efjsf/L ljlwx?åf/f d"NofªsgnfO{, ljBfyL{d"vL agfpg o;sf] p2]Zo xf] . h]x]Gbf/ ljBfyL{x?nfO{

k|f]T;fxg lbg' kb{5 / sdhf]/nfO{ ;xof]u ul/g' kb{5 . lg/Gt/ d"Nof°gn] cem a9L ;xh jftfj/0f

agfpg] / ljBfno 5f]8\g] / bf]x¥ofpg] b/df sdL Nofpg] cfzf ul/Psf] 5 .

of] sfo{qmdsf] ut @ jif{ otf % lhNnfsf @)^! ljBfnosf sIff ! / @ df k|of]u z'? ul/Psf] 5 .

v= pknlAw÷k|ltkmnx?

% lbg] z}lIfs tflnd / ! lbg] k'gtf{huL tflnd qmdzM @))) / !(!! k|fylds ljBfno

lzIfsx?nfO{ k|bfg ul/of] .

!,@),))) z}lIfs ;fdu|Lx? pTkfbg / ljBfnonfO{ ljt/0f ul/of] .

^*@% ;/f]sf/jfnfx?nfO{ Ps lbg] cled"vLs/0f tflnd k|bfg ul/of] .

#,#),))) yfg sfo{ k'l:tsf pTkfbg / ljt/0f ul/of] .

!(!! z}lIfs afs; l;PP; (Cas) sfof{Gjog ug]{ ljBfnonfO{ ljt/0f ul/of] .

lhlj;sf !) hgf sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ sDKo"6/ tflnd k|bfg ul/of] .

kfFr sIffsf ljBfyL{x?sf nflu gd"gf k|Zg ljsf; ug]{ sfo{zfnf ;Dk"0f{ &% lhNnfx?df

cfof]hgf ul/of] .

u= cj/f]wx? M

l;PP; (CAS) sfo{fGjog ug{ 7"n} ;+Vofdf jfwfx? 5g\ . lzIfs nufot lzIff If]qsf AolQmx? o;

s'/fn] eolet 5g\ ls o;sf] æpbf/ lj:tf/n]Æ z}lIfs:t/nfO{ cem tn emfg]{5 . g t lzIfsx? g

t k|wfgfWofksx? g} jx' sIff / ljljw lzIf0f k|s[of;Fu cEo:t 5g\ .

sfo{qmdsf] nIo !M#) eP tfklg lzIfs ljBfyL{ ;+Vofsf] cg'kft sIff ! df lgs} a9L 5 . s]xL

ljBfno ljBfyL{x?df ;a} sIffx?sf] nflu cfjZos lzIfsx?sf] sdL 5 . z}lIfs ;fdu|Lsf nflu

pknAw cfly{{s ;|f]tdf c8\rgx? 5g\ . l;PP; CAS sfo{qmddf nufgL lgs} 7"nf] 5 .

3= ;'emfjx? M

!= sfo{qmd sfo{fGjog ePsf ljBfnox?df k'Ubf] ;+Vofdf lzIfsx? pknAw u/fOg' kb{5 .

@= w]/} ljBfyL{x? ePsf sIffx?nfO{ @ efudf ljefhg ul/g' kb{5 .

#= sfo{qmd;F+u cEo:t u/fpg lzIfs / k|wfg lzIfsx?nfO{ lgoldt tflnd lbg' kb{5 .

$= lzIfsx?nfO{ lzIf0f ljlw tflnd lbOg' kb{5 .

%= sfo{qmdnfO{ lbuf] agfpg nufgL p7fpg] k|s[ofsf] vf]hL ul/g' kb{5 .

^= lg/Gt/ d"Nof°gsf] n]vfhf]vf ubf{ 5fq / 5fqfx?df k/]sf] k|efjnfO{ 5'§f5'§} d"Nof°g ul/g' kb{5

/ oL b'O{ ;d'xaLrdf klxrfg ul/Psf] km/snfO{ Wofg lbg' kb{5 .

$=@ lzIfs tflnd / k]zfut ;xof]uM v08 ^

o;sf pkv08x? lgDg cg';f/ 5g\ M

^=! lgoldt tflnd / ;xof]u

66

^=@ k|df0fLs/0f tflnd

/fd|f] of]hgf, c;n Aoj:yfkg, gofF / /fd|f ljBfno ejg / pkof]uL kf7\o k':tsx? u'0f:tl/o

lzIffnfO{ ;xof]u k'uf];\ eg]/ Aoj:yf ul/G5 . ljBfyL{sf] pknlAwx?df a[l4 Nofpg ;dlk{t / ;'–

;"lrt lzIfsx?af6 u'0f:tl/o lzIf0f ckl/xf{o x'G5 . ;Dk"0f{ ljBfyL{x?n] k|ult ug{sf] nflu ljBfyL{sf]

ljz]if cfjZostfx?sf] 1fg lzIfsx?df x'g' h?/L 5 . lgDg cfly{{s cj:yf / hfltaf6 cfPsf dft[

efiff g]kfnL gePsf / zf/Ll/s?kdf ckfË cyjf >j0f jf b[li6 ;d:of ePsf ljBfyL{x?sf

;d:ofx? lzIfsx?n] a'em\g' kb{5 . /fd|f tflndåf/f lzIfsn] oL ;d:of ePsf ljBfyL{x/sf] nflu

;"rgf k|fKt ug{ ;S5g\ . xfn tflnd gkfPsf $),))) lzIfsx? k|fylds ljBfnox?df sfo{/t 5g\ . cf=

k|f=lz=k=bf];|f]sf] Ps cËsf] ?kdf /x]sf] lgoldt lzIfs tflnddf 5'6\ofOPsf] cd]l/sL 8n/

!^,$^!,))) ljBfno ejg ;'wf/df 5'6\ofOPsf] cd]l/sL 8n/ @@,^^!,))) kl5sf] bf];|f] 7"nf] /sd

xf] .

k|fylds ljBfnosf lzIfsx?nfO{ tflnd lbg] ;/sf/L gLltsf] p2]Zox? lgDg cg';f/ 5g\ M

s= k"j{ ;]jf, ;]jfsflng / k]zfut ;xof]u nufotsf ;du| lzIfs ljsf; /0fgLltsf] ljsf; ug'{ .

v= tflndaf6 j+lrt lzIfsx?nfO{ ;s];Dd rfF8f] tflnd lbg' .

u= clgjf{o !) dlxg] tflnd / o;sf] Aoj:yfkgsf] lhDdf s8fO{sf ;fy kfngf ub}{ tflnd glnPsf]

lzIfsx?nfO{ lzIf0f k]zfdf k|j]z ug{ /f]s nufpg'

3= k]zfut cg'ej / lgoldt tflnd kfPsfx?sf] ;xeflutfnfO{ ;Ddfg ug{ k'/:sf/sf] Joj:yf ug'{ .

$=@=!= lgoldt tflnd / ;xof]u M pk v08 ^=!

!= kl/ro M

:yflgo txdf ljBfno cyjf ;|f]t JolQmnfO{lgoldt k]zfut ;xof]u ug]{ u/L ljBfno / ;d"x df

cfwfl/t tflnd k|bfg ul/g]5 . cf=k|f=lz=k=bf];|f]sf] æ;a} lzIfsx?n] !) lbg] lgoldt tflnd k|To]s

jif{ kfpg] 5g\Æ eGg] sfo{qmdsf] cfwf/df o;n] ;|f]t s]Gb|x?sf] dfWodaf6 lgoldt tflnd ;xof]u

kfpg] u/L lgoldt tflnd / k]zfut ;xof]u pknAw u/fpg yfNof] . cf=k|f=lz=k=bf];|f]n]

/0fgLltx?nfO{ cem dha'b agfpg] nIo lnPsf] 5 . gofF ;+/rgfsf] hfgsf/L k|lt lzIff dGqfno,

lzIff ljefu tflnd / k]zfut ;xof]u OsfO{x? o:tf tflndsf nflu lhDd]af/ /xg] 5g\ . k|To]s ;|f]t

s]Gb|df tflnd ljifox?sf] Pp6f ;+u|x /xg] 5 . h;n] lzIfs / ljBfnox?sf] 5gf}6 ug]{5 . ljleGg

kf7\oqmd ljifo / jx' sIff lzIf0f If]qdf !& j6f ljifosf] ljsf; ul/;s]sf] cf=k|f=lz=k=sf=bf];|f]

sf=of]= n] hgfPsf] 5 .

;|f]t JolQmx?n] tflndsf] k|efjsfl/tf d"Nofªsg ug{ / tflnddf l;s]sf] l;4fGtnfO{ sIff sf]7fdf

Aojxf/df ptf{g lzIfsx?;F+u ldn]/ sfd ug{ ljBfnox/sf] cjnf]sg ug]{ 5g\ . ;|f]t AolQmsf] z}lIfs

of]Uotf, 5gf]6 ljlw, tflnd / sfo{;"lr kl/jt{g ul/g]5 . ;|f]t JolQm :yfoL lzIfsx? dWo]af6 5gf]6

ul/g] 5g\ .

æpknAw eP;Dd dlxnf lzIfsx?nfO{ ;|f]t AolQmsf] ?kdf sfd ug{ k|f]T;fxg ul/g] 5Æ

-cf=k|f=lz=k=,sf=sf=of], cg' =@=$=$=#,k[=#^_

;a} ;|f]t AolQmx?nfO{ Ps dlxg] sfo{ k|j]z tflnd k|bfg ul/g] 5 . o;kl5 pgLx?sf sfdnfO{

cfjZos ljz]if ;Lk ljsf; ug{ k|To]s jif{ ! xKt] tflnd k|bfg ul/g] 5 . e|d0fzLn ;|f]t AolQmx?sf]

e|d0f ljBfnosf pk ;d"x / /]l8of] sfo{qmdnfO{ cem j[xt k|of]u ug'{sf ;fy} lxdfnL tyf kxf8L

e]usf ljBfnox?nfO{ k]zffut ;xof]u k'¥ofpg ljleGg pkfox??sf] vf]lh ul/g] 5 .

67

;|f]t AolQmx?nfO{ yk ;xof]u ug{ / ljBfnox?df g]t[TjbfoL e"ldsf lgefpg cg'ejL / of]Uo

k|fylds ljBfnosf lzIfsx?nfO{ ;|f]t lzIfssf] ?kdf sfd ug{ 5gf}6 klxrfg ul/g]5 . pgLx?n]

cfkm\gf] lzIfs lhDd]jf/LnfO{ hf/L /fVg]5g\ / of] ;xof]uL e"ldsf cNksflng x'g]5 .

v= k|ltkmnx? M

cS6f]a/ @))! ;Dddf ^) lhNnfdf :yfkgf ul/Psf] !)#% ;|f]t s]Gb|x?df lgoldt tflnd cfof]hgf

ul/Psf] lyof] . of] cfly{s jif{df &% lhNnfsf !@&% ;|f]t s]Gb|x?df tflnd ;+rfng ul/g]5 . h'g

jf:tjdf uxg sfo{ xf] . ;g\ @))!÷)@ df ^^,))) lzIfsnfO{ tflnd lbg] nIo lyof] . t/ s]xL

lhNnfx?df lzIfsx?n] tflnd k|fKt ul/;s]sf x'gfn] lzIff ljefun] ^@,!)* lzIfsnfO{ tflnd lbg

;|f]tnfO{ :jLs[lt lbof] .

k;f{, wg'iff, lrtjg / sfe|] lhNnfx?sf] :ynut e|d0fsf] cj;/df n}lËs cWoog tyf d"Nof°g

;d"xn] lzIfs, ;|f]t JolQm / k|lzIfsx?;Fu s'/fsfgL u/]sf] lyof] . wg'iff lhNnfsf lzIfsx?n]

pgLx?n] lnPsf] tflndk|lt ;s/fTds lyP / ;d"xsf sfd ug]{, kf7 of]hgf agfpg] / cfkmg} z}lIfs

;fdu|L ljsf; ug]{ nufotsf gofF / dxTjk"0f{ sf}zn / ljlw l;s]sf] cg'ej JoQm u/]sf lyP . t/

l;sfO{nfO{ Aojxf/df ptfg{ w]/} cj/f]wx? lyP . ;|f]t JolQmx? klg pgLx?n] k|bfg u/]sf] tflnd k|lt

;s/fTds b]lvGy] . t/ tflnd k|fKt u/]sf lzIfsx?sf] sIff cjnf]sg ubf{ l;s]sf ljlwx?nfO{ ;Lldt

dfqfdf Aojxf/df ptfl/Psf] ;|f]t JolQmx?n] kfP .

lgoldt tflnd / k]zfut ;xof]usf If]qdf k|z:t k|of; ul/P tfklg sIff sf]7fsf] lzIf0fsf]

u'0f:t/df k"0f{ kl/jt{g k|fKt ug{ cem} afFsL g} 5 . h;sf] k"0f{tfsf nflu dlxnf ;|f]t JolQmx?sf]

;+Vofdf j[lå x'g kb{5 .

u= cj/f]wx?

of] txut tflnd k|0ffnLdf rf}yf} cyf{t sIff sf]7fdf lzIfsx? tflnd lnP/ k'Ug' k"j{sf cl3Nnf tLg

txsf tflndx?sf] k|efjsfl/tfdf Xf; cfp]] k|s[of 5Ng sl7g 5 .

k|d'v k|lzIfsx?

lhNnf k|lzIfsx?

;|f]]t JolQmx?

lzIfsx?

;d"xut 5nkmnx?df ;|f]t JolQm / k|d'v k|lzIfsx?n] pgLx?sf] e"ldsf cem k|efjsf/L 9Ën]

lgefpg cem a9L / u'0f:tl/o tflndsf] h?/t ePsf] s'/f atfP . ;|f]t JolQmx?n] ! dlxg] tflnd

ckof{Kt dx;'; u/]sf] atfP .

l;l8l; (CDC) sf] ! hgf dlxnfn] tflnddf dlxnf / k'?ifnfO{ ;dfg Aojxf/ ul/Psf] / b'j} ;d"xsf

z}lIfs cfjZostfnfO{ tflnddf ;dfj]z ul/Psf] atfOg\ . tyflk k|d'v k|lzIfs, ;|f]t JolQm /

lzIfsx?n] tflnddf n}lËs d'2fx? p7fpg] s'g} klg kIf cf}Nofpg ;s]gg\ . wg\iffdf lzIfsx?n] of]

If]q af/] cem} a9L hfGg] pT;'stf b]vfPsf lyP .

68

^# hgf Pgl;Ol8 NCED k|lzIfsx?dWo] # hgf / **# ;|f]t JolQmx?dWo] $@ -$=&Ü_ hgf dfq

dlxnfx? ePsf] cj:yfdf n}lËs d"Nofªsg ;d"x dlxnf k|lzIfs / ;|f]t JolQmx?sf] ;+Vof Go"g

ePsf]df lrlGtt 5 . s"n $*& lg/LIfsx?dWo] @^ - %=#Ü_ hgf dfq dlxnf 5g\ . lzIff If]qsf]

sd{rf/L ljBfnosf ;a} txx?df dlxnf lzIfssf] cfjZostf 5 eGg] t dxz'; u5{g . t/ tflnddf

dlxnf b[li6sf]0fsf] cg'?k k|:t'tL ug{ / sIff sf]7fdf dlxnf lzIfsx?nfO{ ;xof]u ug{ dlxnf

k|lzIfsx?sf] h?/t kg]{ ljifonfO{ pgLx? Tolt dxTj lbb}gg\ . k'?if k|lzIfs / ;|f]t JolQmx?n]

5nkmndf atfP cg';f/ dlxnf lzIfssf ;Dk"0f{ ;d:ofx? p7fpg pgLx?n] ;s]sf 5}gg\ /

dlxnfx?n] k'?if;Fu eGbf dlxnf;Fu g} a9L ljZjf; k"j{s Aojxf/ ug]{ ;Defjgf x'G5 . o;}u/L

pgLx?n] s]6f / s]6Lx?sf] z}lIfs cfjZostf k"/f ug{ cfkm"nfO{ ;Ifd 7fg] klg pgLx?sf] ljrf/df

s]xL If]qx?df dlxnf b[li6sf]0f nfek|b x'g ;SYof] .

;|f]t JolQmsf] lgo'lQm k|s[ofnfO{ s]xL v's'nf] kfl/Psf] 5 / c:yfoL tyf :yfoL lzlIfsfx?n] of] kbsf

nflu cfj]bg lbg ;Sg] eP tfklg dlxnf k|lzIfs / ;|f]t JolQmsf] d'2fnfO{ ;dfwfg ug'{ t k/} hfjf];\

ulDe/tfk"j{s ;f]lrPsf] ;d]t 5}g . dlxnfx?sf nflu 5'§} cfjZostfx? 5}gg\ / ljBfnox? dfem

e|d0f ul//xg'kg]{ / k|d'v k|lzIfssf] xsdf 3/af6 6f9f hfg'kg]{ sf/0fn] oL sfd ug} dlxnfx?

rfxb}gg\ eGg] ;f]rfOn] sfd u/]sf] x'g;S5 .

oL sfdx?sf] cfjZostfnfO{ kl/jt{g u/]/ dlxnfx?sf] lgo'lQmnfO{ k|f]T;fxg ug{]]tkm{ ;f]rfOg} uPsf]

5}g . cGt/jftf{ lnPsL ! hgf dlxnf ;|f]t JolQmn] ofqf ubf{ / 3'Dbf pgn] ef]u]sf sl7gfOx?,

;d"xx?sf] cfsf/ / 3/ tyf k]zfut lhDd]jf/Lx? Aoj:yfkg ug'{ kbf{sf sl7gfOx? dxTjsf ;fy

p7fOg\ . Ps 7fpFaf6 csf]{ 7fpFdf crfgs af]nfOg' eGbf ;fKtflxs ?kdf sfdnfO{ Aojl:yt ug{ ;s]

pgsf] sfd w]/} ;xh x'g] pgn] atfOg\ . o;n] ubf{ pgsf] 3/fo;L lhDd]jf/Lx?nfO{ Aojl:yt ug{

;lhnf] x'g] s'/f pgn] p7fOg\ . kxf8L / lxdfnL If]qx?df h:t} cem a9L dlxnf k|lzIfs / ;|f]t

JolQmx? lgo'lQm ug{ w]/} pkfox?åf/f oL sl7gfOx?nfO{ sd ug{ ;lsG5 . pbfx/0fsf] nflu

k|lzIfsx?nfO{ pgLx?sf] 3/ kfos cyjf glhs}sf :yfgx?df v6fpg ;lsG5 / ;|f]t AolQmx?sf]

sfdsf] ;fem]bf/L ug{ jf cfwf ;do dfq sfd ug{ Aoj:yf ug{ ;lsG5 . cem a9L ;|f]t AolQmx?

lgo'Qm ug{ ;lsG5 / ofqf 36fpg ;fgf ljBfno ;d"xx? agfpg ;lsG5 . cem oL pkfox?n]

k'?ifsf] l:ylt ;d]t ;'wf/ ug{ ;S5g\ .

3= ;'emfjxx? M

n}l°s b[li6sf]0faf6 eGg' kbf{ @ j6f dxTjk"0f{ If]qx?nfO{ p7fO{g} k5{ . klxnf], cem a9L dlxnf

k|lzIfs / ;|f]t AolQmx?sf] lgo'lQm ug'{ / bf];|f], n}lËs tflndsf] ljifonfO{ Kofs]hdf g} ;dfj]z ug'{ .

s]6f / s]6Lx?n] ljBfno tyf ;d'bfodf, d"nk|jfx tyf ljz]if sfo{qmddf / blnt / ljz]if

cfjZostf kg]{ s]6f / s]6Lx?n] ef]Ug'kg]{ ljleGg sl7gfOsf If]qx?df lzIfsx?nfO{ k|i6 / ls6]/

tflnd lbOg' h?/L 5 . o:tf tflnd lagf s]6Lx? nfeaf6 a+lrt x'g] qmd hf/L /xg]5 .

!= dlxnf k|lzIfs / ;|f]t JolQmx?sf] lgo"lQm M

!= dlxnf cfj]bs lj?4sf k"j{u|x x6fpgsf nflu oL kbx?sf] nflu cfjZos dfkb08 / zt{x?sf]

k'g/fjnf]sg ul/g' kb{5 .

@= k|lzIfs / ;|f]t AolQmsf] kbdf cfj]bg ug{sf nflu dlxnf lzIfsx?nfO{ ;s/fTds k|f]T;fxg

lbOg' kb{5 .

#= ;|f]t AolQmx?sf] e|d0f sd ug{sf] nflu ;d"xx?df ljBfno ;+Vof 36fOg' kb{5 cyjf

pgLx?nfO{ pko'Qm ;jf/L ;fwg pknAw u/fOg' kb{5 cyjf gLlh ;jf/L ;fwgsf] ;+rfng vr{

Joxf]l/g' kb{5 .

69

$= dlxnf tyf k'?if b'j} ;d"xsf k]zfut sd{rf/LnfO{ cfwf ;do sfd ug]{ u/L lgo'lQm ul/g' kg]{

ljifonfO{ ulDe/tfk"j{s ljrf/ ul/g' kb{5 .

%= Pgl;Ol8 -NCED) n] k|df0fkq tflndsf nflu :yfgLo:t/df lgo'lQm lbg' kb{5 . pgLx?nfO{

cfkm\gf] lhNnfdf tflnd ;+rfng ug{ k|of]u ul/g' kb{5 .

^= k|lzIfsx?sf] ;?jfnfO{ :jOR5fdf 5f]l8g' kb{5 .

&= k|lzIfs / ;|f]t AolQmx?sf nflu j9'jfsf] ;+efjgf / cfly{s k|f]T;fxg nufotsf ljifox?

;dfj]z u/]/ Pp6f k]zf ;+/rgf tof/ ul/g' kb{5 .

@= lzIfs tflnddf æk|fylds lzIffdf n}lËs ;r]tgf / hfu?stfÆ ljifosf] kf7 ljsf; ul/g' kg]{

!= lzIff If]qdf n}lËs d'2f ;DjGwL ljz]if tflnd kf7sf] Aoj:yf ul/g' kb{5 .

@= ;Dk"0f{ tflnd ljifox?sf] ;dLIff x'g' kb{5 / s]6f s]6Lx?sf] km/s km/s cfjZostfx?nfO{

;d]6\g] ljifox?nfO{ tflndsf ;a} If]qx?df ;dfj]z ul/g' kb{5 dlxnf / s]6Lx?sf] e"ldsf /

;fdflhs :yfgnfO{ ;+s'lrt ug]{ ;Dk"0f{ kf7sx?nfO{ ;dLIff u/L n}lËs k"jf{u|xnfO{ x6fOg' kb{5

.

#= z}lIfs pknlAw a[l4 ug{ k]zfut / k|fljlws sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ tflnd M

!= n}lËs tflnddf -n}lËs of]hgf, n}lËs ljZn]if0f_ dlxnf / k'?if k|lzIfs, ;|f]]t AolQm, k|d'v lzIfs

/ k|lzIfsx?sf nflu n}lËs hfu?s / ;r]tgf tflnd, dlxnfx?nfO{ tflnddf k|lyldstf lbOg'

kg]{

@= dlxnf lzIfsx?, dlxnf k|d'v lzIfs, dlxnf ;|f]t AolQm / lg/LIfsx?sf nflu cfTdfljZjf;

a[l4 tflnd

#= dlxnf k|d'v lzIfs, ;xfos k|d'"v lzIfs, ;|f]t AolQm / lg/LIfsx?sf nflu g]t[Tj tflnd

$= ;Dk"0f{ dlxnf k|wfg lzIfs, k|lzIfs / ;|f]t AolQmx?nfO{ dlxnfx?sf] 3/fo;L / k]zfut

lhDd]jf/Lx?nfO{ ;+t'ng ug]{ sf}zn af/] tflnd

%= ;]l/8 -CERID) sf] ædlxnf lzIfsx? kl/jt{gsf jfxsÆ kf7 % lhNnfdf ;+rfng ug]{ / tLg

dlxgfkl5 o;sf] k|efj d"NofÍgkl5 dfq o;kl5sf kf7x? ;+rfng ug]{ .

$=@=@= k|df0fkqo'Qm tflnd M pk v08 ^=@

s= kl/ro

cf=k|f=lz=k=bf];|f] cGt{ut ;]jfsflng / ;]jf k"j{ tflndsf nflu Pp6f /0fgLlts of]hgf ljsf; ul/g]5

/ ;f] cg';f/ kf7\oqmdsf] k'g/fjnf]sg ul/g] 5 . o;nfO{ Pgl;Ol8 -NCED) / l8Ol; -DEC) n] Pp6f

>[+vnfj4 sfo{qmd ?kdf k|bfg ug]{ 5 . tflndsf] klxnf] kf7nfO{ k|ToIf ;+rfng ul/g] 5 / bf];|f], t];|f]

/ rf}yf] kf7x?nfO{ b"/–lzIffsf] dfWodaf6 ;+rfng ul/g]5 .

v= k|ltkmn M

Pgl;Ol8 (NCED) n] ;]jfsflng / ;]jfk"j{ tflndsf] cfwf/e"t of]hgf tof/ ug]{ sfo{ ;DkGg u/]sf]

5 . o;n] lzIfs tflndsf] kf7\oqmd k'g/fjnf]sg u/]sf] 5 . t/, k'g/fjnf]sg ubf{ o;nfO{ n}lËs

b[li6sf]0faf6 ljZn]if0f ul/Psf] 5}g .

Pgl;Ol8 (NCED) n] jflif{s $&@% lzIfsx?nfO{ tflnd lbg] Ifdtf /fVb5 t/, !#,@&% hgfnfO{

tflnd lbg] nIo lnOPsf] eP tfklg !!,@*) lzIfsnfO{ dfq tflnd lbOPsf]n] k|yd # jif{df o;n]

70

ck]lIft glthf xfl;n ug{ ;s]g . klxnf] Kofs]hdf of]hgf ul/P eGbf Ps ltxfO eGbf sdn] tflnd

lng' o;sf] k|d'v sf/0f lyof] h;n] o;kl5sf] Kofs]hx?nfO{ :jtM k|efj kf¥of] .

tyflk of] n}lËs cWoog ;d"xn] e]6]sf lzIfsx? cWoogsf] cj;/x?af6 v'zL b]lvGy] / tflnd

Kofs]h ;fwf/0ftof pkof]uL ePsf] pgLx?n] dxz'; u/]sf] lyP .

-u_ cj/f]wx?

Pgl;Ol8 (NCED) n] xfn cfkm\gf] *)Ü Ifdtf kl/rfng ul//x]sf] 5 . lzIfsx?n] k|lzIf0f kZrft s]

s:tf] k|]/0ff jf k|f]T;fxg kfpg]5g\ eGg] s'/f :ki6 5}g .

;'emfjx?

!= lzIfsx?nfO{ plrt / ;Nnfx k|]/0ff lbg' kb{5 .

@= n}lËs ljifox?df ;+nËg ul/Psf Kofs]hx? ;dLIff ul/g' kb{5 .

#= lzIffdf b]lvPsf] n}lËs ljifox?sf ;DaGwdf cltl/Qm dfkfÍg ul/g' kb{5 .

$= ;Dk"0f{ lzIfsx?n] lgo'lQm lng' k"j{ clgjfo{ k|lzIf0f lnPsf] x'g'

kb{5 .

%= dlxnf lzIfsx?nfO{ k|lzIf0fsf] nflu cfJxfg ul/g' kb{5 .

$=# dlxnf lzIfsx?sf] egf{

c_ kl/ro

cf=k|f=lz=k=bf];|f] n] dlxnf lzIfsx?sf] ;+Vof j[l4 ug]{ ;jfndf y'k|} k|of;x? u/]sf] 5 . ælzIff

dGqfnon] y'k|} ;+Vofdf dlxnf lzIfsx? j[l4 ug{ cfZos sbdx? rfNg]5Æ .

p2]Zo Ps cGtu{tsf] Pp6f gLlt æ;+:yfut Ifdtfdf j[l4÷dha't ug]{sf]Æ cy{ x'G5 ækrf; k|ltzt

k'g{:yflkt lzIfs dlxnf x'g]5g\ .Æ xfd|f] n}lËs cWoog ;d'x of] /0flglts p2]Zo xfl;n ug{ ckof{Kt

5g\ eGg] dfGotf /fVb5 .

x/]s k|fylds ljBfnodf Pp6f dlxnf lzIfs lgo'Qm ug{ of] -:yfoL_ lglt pknAwL eGbf 6f9fsf]

ljifo x'G5 . lzIff tyf v]ns'b dGqfnosf] tYofÍ cg';f/ s"n lzIfs zlQm !#)^%) dWo] @$$%% -

!(Ü_ dlxnf 5g\ . ToxfF dlxnf lzIfsx?sf] lgs} cefj 5 To;df klg ljs6 e]ux?df t cem

ljs/fn l:ylt 5 . z}lIfs ljsf;sf] cg'ejn] of] jtfpF5 ls dlxnfx?nfO{ lzIfs egf{ ug]{

cjwf/0ffn] ;du|df lzIffsf] u'0f:t/nfO{ ;'wf/ ub{5 .

cf_ pknlJw / kl/0ffdx¿

cf=k|f=lz=k= bf];|f]sf] klxnf] r/0fdf $))) dlxnf lzIfsx? lgo'lQm ul/Psf lyP . s]Gb|df ldl>t kl/0ffd ePtf klg

:yfgLo ;d'bfodf jf :t/df, b'u{d If]qsf lglDt lgo'Qm ul/Psf lzIfsx? ;f+:s[lts sf/0fx?n] pQm If]qx?df hfg

tTk/ ePgg\ . ToxfF oBkL *))) k|fylds :s"nx? dlxnf lzIfs ljlxg 5g\ hlt a]nf ToFxf dlxnf lzIfsx?sf]

cfjZostf a9L dxz'; ul/Psf] 5 .

dlxnf lzIfsx?;+usf] cGtjf{tf{ kl5 of] cWoog ;d'xn] yfxf kfof] lssltko dlxnf lzIfsx?df cgfjZos ef/

nfb\g] / dlxnfx?n] dfq ug'{kg]{ sfdx?sf] af/]df atfOof] t/ k'?if lzIfsx?nfO{ ;f]lwPg / olb :s"ndf dlxnfx?

71

dfq ePdf ltgLx? s'g}{ cl:tTj x'g] lyPg . Pp6f dlxnfx?sf] ;d"xn] lzIf0fdf ;sf/fTds pknAwL xfl;n ug{ -

vf; u/L s]6Lx?sf] jLrdf_ cfjZos ePsf] 5 .

cfO P (IA) df elgPsf] 5 M

;du| ljBfno k|0ffnLdf dlxnf lzIfsx?sf] sf]6f ljt/0f ug]{ dGqfnosf] jt{dfg gLltsf] /

k|efjsf/Ltfsf] lgDtL ljz]if k/LIf0f k|0ffnL x'g' kb{5 . -cfO P (IA) @))!, cg'R5]b ^, $ k]h !)@_

vf; u/L b'j}, t]>f] k6L{ ;j]{If0f / k|fljlws 6f]nLn] of] dlxnf lzIfsx?sf] cefjk|lt plrt Wofg

k'¥ofPgg\ .

O_ jfwf / c8rgx¿

dlxnf lzIfs lgo'lQmsf] lgldQ k|d'v c8rg eg]sf] jlnof] lkt[;tfTds ;+u7g ePsf] xfd|f] ;dfhdf dlxnfsf] sd

dfGotf x'g' xf] . ;/sf/L gLltsf jfjh'b dlxnf lzIfs lgo'QmLdf vf;} ;lqmotf j9]sf] 5}g . dlxnf lzIfsx? lgo'Qm

gug{sf] nflu ljleGg jxfgfx? l;h{gf ul/G5g . k|fo;M ;'lgg] jxfgf eg]sf] pko'Qm of]Uo dlxnf Tof] ;d'bfodf gx'g'

xf] . of] cWoog ;d'x o:tf ;Gb]x JoQm ub{5 lsgsL cGo d'n'ssf u|fdL0f e]udf /x]sf kof{Kt of]Uotf ePsf

dlxnfx?n] æjflnsf tyf s]6Lx?sf] lgDtL :s'n sfo{qmdÆ df b]vfPsf] ;lqmotf / O l; 8L (ECD) n] pQm

;d'bfodf km]nf kf/]sf] k|z:t of]Uo dlxnf ;xhstf{sf] ;kmntf xf] .

;d'bfodf ePsf ljleGg dflg;x?;+usf] 5nkmn / lzIff hutsf] ;'emfj /fhgLlts x:tIf]k dlxnf

lzIfs lgo'lQmsf] csf]{ c8rg 5 . slxn]sfxLF lglZrt p2]Zosf lgDtL lglZrt JolQmnfO{ lgo'Qm

lbOG5 . oBkL sltko 7fpFdf To:tf JolQmnfO{ OGsf/ u/]/ lgo'lQmsf] nflu cGtjf{tf{af6 5flgPsfnfO{

lgo'Qm ul/Psf] 5 . h'g s'/fnfO{ :s"n Joj:yfkg ;ldltn] ;d]t dGh'/ u/]sf]5 .

O{_ ;Nnfx÷;'emfjx?

oL ;d:ofnfO{ lg:t]h kfg{ ljleGg ;'emfjx? to ul/Psf 5g\ .

!= ;d'bfo÷:yfgLo txdf l/Qm kb jf k'?if lgo'Qm ul/Psf] dlxnf sf]6fsf] jf/]df ;'rgf ;+sng ug]{

.

@= dlxnf lzIfsx?sf] / u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yf dfkm{tsf] ;xof]udf To; 7fpFdf P; Pn ;L kf; ug]{

dlxnfsf] ;+Vof / cj:yfsf] jf/]df :yflgo:t/df ;e]{ ug]{ .

#= ;DjlGwt :s'n / kbsf] jf/]df lj:t[t lj1fkg vf]Ng] / lgo'QmL k|lqmof kf/bzL{ jgfpg] .

$= pknAw ePdf bf];|f] >]0fLdf kf; u/]sf dlxnf lzIfsx?nfO{ k|fyldstf lbg] .

%= b'u{d If]qdf 6]i6 kf; u/]sf dlxnfx?nfO{ df}sf k|bfg ug]{ / pgLx?nfO{ P; Pn ;L kf; ug{ -

lglZrt_ @ jif]{ ;dofjlw lbg] cGoyf pgLx?nfO{ x6fpg] .

^= dfWolds txsf 5fqfx?nfO{ ;]jf k"j{ tflndsf] Joj:yf ug]{ .

&= olb dlxnf lzIfsx? lgo'Qm ePdf -lhNnf lzIff sfof{no_ n] ;Dk"0f{ lgo'QmL / cGtjf{tf{sf]

/]s8{ /fVg] . lhNnf lzIff sfof{non] ;Dk"0f{ dlxnf lzIfs lgo'QmLnfO{ ;b/ ug'{kb{5 / olb ToxfF

dlxnf pDd]bjf/ klg 5 eg] k'?iflgo'lQmnfO{ jb/ ug'{ kb{5 .

*= dlxnf lzIfsx?sf] nflu ef}lts ;'ljwfx? lj:tf/ ug]{ .

(= k|lt :s"n Ps hgf dlxnf lzIfssf] nIonfO{ tLg jif{df !÷# sf b/n] j[l4 ug]{ nIo /fVg] .

!) :yfgLo txdf kl/jt{gsf jxfssf ?kdf tflnd k|fKt dlxnf sfo{stf{sf] l;h{gf ug]{ /

dlxnfx?nfO{ g} b/vf:tsf] lgDtL k|f]T;fxg lbg] .

!!= dlxnf lzIfsx?nfO{ lgo'QmL ug]{ dfGotfsf] cfwf/df :s'n Joj:yfkg ;ldltx?nfO{ tflnd

pknAw u/fpg] .

72

$=$ k|fylds ljBfnodf dlxnf k|wfgfWoflksfsf] lgo'QmL

c= kl/ro

k|fOd/L :s"ndf ePsf ^%# k|fwfgfWofksx? dWo] s]an #=$Ü dfq dlxnfx? 5g\ of] clt Go"g ;+Vofn]

lzIf0f k]zfdf sd dlxnfx? 5g\ eGg] b]vfpF5 .

cf= pknJwL / k|ltkmnx?

k|fylds txdf ePsf Go"g dlxnf k|wfgfWofksx?sf] ;+Vofn] s] b]vfpF5 eg] ToxfF dlxnfsf] ;+Vof

j[l4 ug{ vf; s'g} k|of; ePsf] 5}g .

O= afwf/c8\rgx?

ToxfF s]jn yf]/} ;+Vofdf dfq dlxnf lzIfsx? dfq x}gg ls j? ToxfF ePsf]n] pRr lzIff tyf tflnd lng] df}sfsf]

lgDtL klg kof{Kt cj;/x? kfPsf 5}gg\ . rfx] Tof] b]zleq xf];\ jf ljb]zdf h'g s'/fx? kbf]Ggltsf] nflu ;d]t

dxTj /fVb5g\ . cem vf; u/L b'u{d e]udf sfd ug]{ lzIfsx?nfO{ kbf]Ggltsf nflu k|fyldstf lbOG5 To;df klg

clwsf+z dlxnf olb ToxL lhNnfaf6 cfPsf] geP ;f+:s[lts sf/0f nufot ljljw sf/0fj; hfg c;dy{ x'G5g\ .

O{= ;'emfjx?

!= dlxnf lzIfsx?nfO{ lgo'Qm ug]{ dfkb08 k'gcjnf]sg / dlxnfk|ltsf] k"jf{u|x x6fOg'kb{5 .

@= n}lËs k"jf{u|x x6fpgsf vflt/ ;Dk"0f{ lzIfs lgo'Qm ug]{ ;ldltdf sDtLdf b'O{ hgf dlxnfx?

x'g'kb{5 .

#= cg'ejL dlxnf lzIfsx?nfO{ k|f]T;fxgsf ;fy} g]t[Tj Ifdtfsf] nflu tfnLd lbOg'kb{5 .

$= ;g\ @))% ;Dddf zt k|ltzt dlxnf k|wfgfWoflksf j[l4 ug]{ nIo /fVg' kb{5 .

%= bz jif{ leqdf !÷# sf b/n] k|fylds ljBfnodf k|wfgfWoflksf k'¥ofpg] nIo lnOg' kb{5 .

%=) kx'Fr / lg/Gt/tf

pknJwLx?nfO{ n}lËs b[li6sf]0faf6 ljZn]if0f ubf{

æo; c+usf] k|d'v p2]Zo eg]sf] egf{, lgo'Qm / k|fylds txdf cWoog ug]{ ljBfyL{x?sf] :t/df ;'wf/

ug'{ xf] . o;df klg vf; u/L ;dfhdf lk5l8Psf ju{x? -h:t}— s]6Lx?, ;dfhaf6 ckx]lnt

jRrfx?, tNnf] ju{sf jRrf / ckfË vf; u/L b'u{d If]qsf jRrfx? lzIffsf] cj;/af6 jlGrt

ePsf 5g . — cf=k|f=lz=k=bf];|f] lk=cfO+=lk=@=#=!, k]h !^

æ cfwf/e't / k|fylds lzIff vf; u/L s]6Lx? / lk5l8Psf jRrfx?sf] kx'Frdf k'¥ofpg] . Æ

cf=k|f=lz=k=bf];|f]sf] cg';"rL $, rf}yf] p2]Zodf elgPsf] M

æ;fd'bflos Joj:yfkgsf] dfWodaf6 ljBfnosf] ef}lts jftfj/0fsf] u'0f:t/df ;'wf/ ug]{ .Æ

73

kx'Fr / z}lIfs lg/Gt/tf lzif{s cGtu{t g} :s"nsf] jftfj/0fnfO{ lg/Gt/ ?kdf ;'wf/ ub}{ n}hfg] s'/f

cf=k|f=lz=k= bf];|f]n] l;kmfl/; u/]sf] 5 . ljBfnosf] ef}lts jftfj/0f ;'wf/ ug]{ nufot, kx'Fr /

z}lIfs lg/Gt/tf cGtu{t g}cGo cf7 ljifox? k|:t't ul/Psf 5g\ . lt o; k|sf/ 5g\ M

!= ljBfnosf] ef}lts ;'ljwfx?

@= j}slNks ljBfnosf] Joj:yf ug]{

#= aflnsf tyf s]6Lx?sf] lgDtL lzIff

— 5fqfx?sf] nflu 5fqfjf;

— 5fqj[lQ sfo{qmd

$= ljz]if nlIft ju{sf lgDtL lzIff

%= ljz]if lzIff

^= k"j{ jfNofj:yfsf] ljsf;

&= ;fd'bflos kl/rfng

*= ;fIf/tf sfo{qmd

s]6Lx?sf] nflu lzIff cGtu{t cGo b'Oj6f efu 5g\ . of] ;d'xn] s]6Lx?sf] nflu lzIff sfo{qmd

cGtu{t g} kf]lifnf] vfB sfo{qmd / :s'n kf]zfs sfo{qmdsf] ;e]{If0f klg ;dfj]z u/]sf]

5 . oBkL j}slNks :s'nsf] Joj:yf, s]6Lx?sf] lzIff, ljz]if blIf|t ;d'bfonfO{ lzIff / ljz]if lzIff

klg cf=k|f=lz=k=bf];|f]sf] k]h !^ df /flvPsf] 5 hxfF kL cfO kL (PIP) ljz]if lzIffsf] ?kdf ;xfos

ePsf]] 5 .

of] c:ki6tfn] k'?if s]lGb|t sfo{qmdnfO{ yk jn k|bfg ub{5 / jflnsf tyf s]6Lsf] lgDtL lzIffsf] cjwf/0ff

cjwf/0ffdf :ki6tfsf] sdL x'G5 . c? nlIft ;d'xx?sf] t'ngfdf s]6Lx? sd nfefGjLt ePtf klg pgLx? sd

;+Vofdf eg] sdL 5}gg\ . cyf{t x/]s nlIft ;d'xdf slDtdf klg krf; k|ltzt s]6Lx? kb{5g\ . t;y{ ltgLx?nfO{

pk;d"x jgfO{ juL{s/0f ug'{ ;'xfpFbf] x'b}g . t;y{ nlIft ul/Psf t/ nfeflGjt gePsf ;d"xdf s]6f / s]6L b'j}

kb{5g\ .

xfd|f] cg';Gwfgn] s] b]vfof] eg] jRrfx?sf] n}lËs ljefhgdf s]6Lx? dfq / s]6fs]6L b'j}sf] cnu

cnu ;d"xnfO{ x]bf{ s]6Lx?sf] ;d"xsf] lglZrt cfjZostf kof{Kt dfqfdf g;d]l6Psf] kfOof] . ljz]if

k|f]T;fxgsf sfo{qmdx? s]6Lx?, cj;/af6 jlGrt ljBfyL{x? / c;xfo jRrfx?sf] lglDt nlIft

ul/Psf 5g\ . lzIff ljsf; s]Gb|x? (ECD) sd pd]/sf jRrfx?sf] lglDt klg :yfkgf ePsf] x'g'

kb{5 .

æ sd pd]/sf jRrfx?nfO{ sIff ! df egf{ ug]{ k|j[lQ sd ub}{ k|fylds lzIff k|0ffnLdf egf{ ul/ jf

/fvL cfGtl/s Ifdtf j[l4df of]ubfg ug]{ .cf=k|f=lz=k=bf];|f] cg'R5]b– @, #, ^$ k]h–@&_ O ;L 8L

(ECD) s]Gb|x?n] :s'n k"j{sf] cg'ej lbg], sIff ! df k9\g] ljBfyL{x?sf] rfknfO{ sd u/fpg] / sIff

5f]8\g]x?nfO{ cfslif{t ug]{ (ECD) / cfˆgf efO jlxgLx?nfO{ 3/df x]/rfx u/L j:g] jflnsf tyf

s]6Lx?nfO{ ljBfnodf pkl:yt x'g ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] 5 .

oL pkfox? :s'n k'Ug sl7g ePsf ;d"xsf nflu pko'Qm dfWodx? x'G5g\ . cf=k|f=lz=k=bf];|f]sf]

p2]Zo kl5 o;sf] k|ltkmn, pknAwL, / cj/f]wx? / ;'emfjx? ;lxt 5f]6s/Ldf k|To]s efusf] jf/]df

JofVof ul/Psf] 5 .

%=! ljBfnosf] ef}lts ;'ljwfx?M efu —!

74

p2]Zox?nfO{ —cg';'rLdf 5'§} /flvPtf klg ;fwf/0ftof ljBfnosf] ef}lts ;'ljwfx?nfO{ kx'Fr /

z}lIfs lg/Gt/tfsf] p2]Zo cGtu{t g{ /flvPsf]5 .

p2]Zo–$ cg';"rL — !

;fd'bflos Joj:yfkgåf/f ljBfnosf] ef}lts u'0f:t/df ;'wf/ ug'{ .

c= kl/ro M

jh]6 lgwf{/0fsf] kIfnfO{ cf=k|f=lz=k=bf];|f]df pRr k|fyldstf lbOPsf] 5 . of] kIfnfO{ kx'Fr lj:tf/df

s]lGb|t5 . cem j9L nfeflGjt jRrfx? / sIff ! / @ df ePsf] pRr rfknfO{ sd u/fpg' xf] .

o;n] sIffdf kof{Kt v'nfkg, :j:y jftfj/0f, k|fylds ljBfnox?sf] cj:yfdf ;'wf/ ug'{ / ;/;kmfO{

tyf vfg]kfgLdf ljz]if hf]8 lbg] nIo /fVb5 .

lhNnfx?df $% hgf ljBfyL{x? j/fj/ ! hgf lzIfssf] cjwf/0ffnfO{ cf=k|f=lz=k=bf];|f] dxTjsf ;fypNn]v u/]sf]

ePtf klg sltko lhNnfx?df cem ;Dd of] ;Gt'ng sfod ePsf] 5}g . sltko lhNnfx?df ^–!) jif{ pd]sf

jRrfx?nfO{ ;dfg ;]jf / ;'ljwf 5}g eg] sltko lhNnfx?df lzIfs / sIffsf]7fx? t k|z:t 5g\ . hxfF !@,)))

sIff sf]7fx? Go'gtd u'0f:t/Lo lzIffsf nflu kof{Kt dfqfdf /fd|f 5}gg\ . ToxfF To:t} cGo !^))) sf]7fx? sf]xL

cFWof/f, ;fgf / jiff{ / hf8f]sf] ;dodf pko'Qm 5}gg\ . cf=k|f=lz=k=bf];|f]n] ;/;kmfO{, kfgLsf] ;'ljwf, ju}Frf /

sDkfp08 kvf{n h'g vf; u/L dlxnfx?sf] nflu w]/} pko'Qm dflgG5g\ . To:tf s'/fx?sf] cfjZostfnfO{ klg

cf}FNofOPsf] 5 . cf=k|f=lz=k=bf];|f]n] pQm ljBfnox?nfO{ tL ;'ljwfsf nflu ;xof]u ub{5 hxfF sIff sf]7f lgdf{0f /

k'g{:yfkgf sfo{qmdx? 5g\ .

oL kIfsf p2]Zox? M

— vfg] kfgL / rkL{sf] Joj:yf ug]{

— sfo{qmd nfu" ubf{ nfUg[ vr{ ;d'bfon] ldn]/ Joxf]g]{ -@%Ü /sd :yflgo ;d'bfon] Joxf]g]{ _

— h'g h'g ljBfnox?df ljBfyL{x?sf] s'n egf{ b/ (GER) !)) eGbf sd / :j:k'mt{ egf{ b/

(NER) ^)eGbf sd 5, tl ljBfnox?nfO{ k|fyldstf lbb} sfo{qmd nfu" ug]{ .

cf= pknAwL÷k|ltkmn

s_ hfkfgLh cGt/f{li6«o ;xof]u lgof]u (JICA) n] cufl8 ;f/]sf kIf / c+z

l;=g+= ljBfnosf] ef}lts

;'ljwfx?

cfly{s jif{ !(((÷

@)))df -k|yd r/0f_

ljBfnosf] ;'ljwf

lgdf{0f

cfly{s jif{ @)))÷@))! -bf]>f]

r/0f_df ljBfnox?df ;'ljwf

lgdf{0f

kL cfO

kL (PIP)

sf] nIo

pknAwL kL cfO kL

(PIP) sf] nIo

pknAwL

!= sIffsf]7f lgdf{0f *)) *$^ ()) ())

@= ;|f]t s]Gb| (RC)

lgdf{0f

!$ !$ !& !&

#= rkL{ lgdf{0f @^( @^( #)) #))

$= kfgL cfk'lt{ -wf/f_ !#^ !#^ !$& !$&

75

k|ult !))Ü !))Ü

cf=k|f=lz=k=bf];|f]sf] k|ltj]bg, k]h $

v_ cf=k|f=lz=k=bf];|f]sf] ljBfno ;'wf/ sfo{qmdsf] nfut vr{ j/fj/L Joxf]g]{ zt{df nfu' ul/Psf] xf]

h;df P; Pd ;L (SMC) n] g]t[Tj ;Dxfn]sf] lyof] . k|ult / pknAwL ljj/0f o; k|sf/ 5 .

l;=g+= ljBfnosf

ef}lts

;'ljwfx?

ljBfno ;'ljwf ;'wf/ tyf

lgdf{0f cfly{s jif{ !(((÷

@))) k|yd r/0fdf

ljBfno ;'ljwf ;'wf/ tyf

lgdf{0f cfly{s jif{

@)))÷@))! bf]>f] r/0fdf

kL cfO kL

(PIP)nIo

pknAwL kL cfO kL

(PIP)nIo

pknAwL

!= gofF tyf

k'g{:yflkt

sIff sf]7fx?

^)) ) !@)) )

@= ;'wf/ ul/Psf

sIffsf]7fx?

!*)) !@*# @))) !$)^

@= vfg]kfgL, rkL{

/ jf/ /kvf{n

— ^() — %^^

>f]t Mk|fljlws 6f]lnsf] l/kf]6{,@))! k]h !*

u_ ;g\ @))! df k|ult

l;=g+= lqmofsnfk nIo k|ult

!= ;'wf/ ul/Psf sIff sf]7fx? @#)* !$)^

@= rkL{, vfg]kfgL / af/ / kvf{n — —

#= rkL{x? !)%) x/]s ljBfnox?df %^^

$= vfg] kfgL !)%) x/]s ljBfnox?df %$%

%= Skfp08 kvf{n÷af/÷v]n d}bfg !)%) %*!

^= lhNnf lzIff sfof{no ejgsf] lgdf{0f & %

;|f]t M cf=k|f=lz=k=bf];|f]sf] l:ylt k|ltj]bg @))!, k]h—!$

O= jfwf÷c8\rgx?

hfOsf (JICA) sf] ejg lgdf{0f sfo{qmd ;f]r] cg'?k ;kmn ePsf] 5 . t/ o;sf] ljBfno ejg

lgdf{0f sfo{qmd cem lj:t[t kfg{ h?/L 5 . o;df lgDg s'/fx? ;dfj]z 5g\ .

— $% hgf ljBfyL{x? j/fj/ ! hgf lzIfssf] lgltsf] sf/0f sIff sf]7f kof{Kt km/flsnf] gx'g' .

cf=k|f=lz=k=bf];|f] sfo{qmd cGtu{t lgdf{0f ePsf sIff sf]7fx?df klg ;Dk"0f{ ljBfyL{x? c6fpg

g;Sg' .

— sIffsf]7fdf ckof{Kt / efFlrPsf kmlg{r/ x'g' .

— c:yfoL k|sf/sf sIffsf]7fx?df pko'Qm k|jGw gx'gfn] kfgL r'lxg] 5fgfsf] ;fy} leQf jf ufx|f]

gePsf sf]7fx?df udL{ / jiff{sf] ;dodf cK7\of/f] x'g' .

— sltko ljBfnox?df rkL{ g} gx'g' / sf]xL ljBfnox?df rkL{ ePtf klg ljBfyL{ ;+Vofsf]

cfwf/df ckof{Kt x'g' .

76

— sltko lhNnfx?df cfˆgf] ;+:s[lt cg';f/ s]6f / s]6Lsf] nflu sIff % b]lv cnu sIff sf]7fsf]

dfu x'g' .

— OPdcfOP; -EMIS) / lkPdcfOP; (PMIS) n] lzIff ljefu leq dfq} cg'udgsf] Joj:yf

pknAw u/fpg'n] lzIff tyf v]ns'b dGqfnosf ;Da4 ljefux? ljr ;dGjosf] cefj x'g',

— cf=k|f=lz=k=bf];|f]sf] jflif{s k|ltj]bg l9nf] tof/ x'g' / u'0ffTds kIf eGbf ;+VofTds kIfnfO{ hf]8

lbg' h;sf] sf/0f k|ltj]bg sd k|efjsf/L ePsf] 5 / sfo{qmdsf] jf:tljs k|ltkmn nlIft

;d'bfodf k'Ug yk ;d:of b]vf kg'{ .

— ljBfnosf] k|ult ljj/0f, ljBfno e|d0f u/]/ cfjZostfsf] klxrfg u/]sf], >f]t JolQm, lgl/Ifs,

cleefjs / k|wfgfWofks;+u cfjZos dfqfdf 5nkmn / ;/;Nnfx sfo{qmdx? nfu' ug]{

;dodf gx'g' .

O{= ;'emfjx? M

7"nf ejg lgdf{0f ug]{ sfo{qmdx?n] lzIff Joj:yfkg w]/} /sd nfUg] x'G5 . w]/} If]qx?df sfo{qmdsf]

pRrtd k|ltkmnsf] nflu nIo lnOg' cfjZos 5 . h'g lgDg s'/fx?sf] nflu cfjZos 5 M

!= lzIff ljefusf] sfo{qmd nfu' ug]{ Ifdtfdf ;'wf/ Nofpg .

@= ljBfno ;'wf/, k|ult / cg'udgsf] nflu :yflgo lgsfonfO{ of] sfo{qmd, xfd|f] cleGg c+u xf]

eGg] t'Nofpg .

#= :yfgLo lgsfosf kbflwsf/LnfO{ n}lËs ljifoj:t'df ;r]t kfb}{ ljBfnodf ef}lts c;'ljwfsf]

sf/0f 5fqfx?n] ef]Ug' k/]sf jfwf c8\rgsf jf/]df ;"rgf ;+sng ug{ k|f]T;fxg ug'{ .

$= dlxnf lzIfsx? / 5fqfx?sf] nflu kof{Kt kfgL / rkL{sf] Joj:yf ug'{ .

%= ef}lts ;'ljwfx?sf] kof{Kt Joj:yf ug'{ / ;/sf/;+u ;fem]bf/L 9+un] :yflgo >f]tnfO{ kl/rfng

ug{ k|f]T;fxg ug]{ .

^= ;/sf/n] uf=lj=;= x?df ljt/0f u/]sf] jh]6sf] plrt Joj:yf ub}{{ ljBfnox?df ef}lts

;'ljwfx?sf] lj:tf/ ug]{ .

&= r/0fj4 tl/sfn] sf]k -COPE) gd'gf ckgfpg] .

%=@ j}slNks ljBfno lzIff efu—@

j}slNks ljBfno lzIff k|bfg ug'{sf] p2]Zo lgDg 5 M

p2]Zo—# cg';'rL —!

æ ljz]iftM dlxnfx? / lk5l8Psf ju{x?nfO{ cfwf/e't tyf k|fylds lzIffsf] Gofo;+ut kx'Frdf j[l4

ug]{ . Æ

c= kl/ro

j}slNks ljBfno lzIff ljljw sf/0fn] cf}krfl/s lzIff cfh{g ug{ sl7gfO{ kg]{x?sf] nflu xf] . o; sfo{qmdsf]

k|d'v nIo eg]sf] ckx]lnt ju{ / ljBfno lzIff ljlxgx?sf] nflu pQm lzIffsf] Joj:yf ub}{ pgLx?;Dd k'Ug' xf] .

of] sfo{qmdn] k|fylds txb]lv lszf]/fj:yf ;Ddsf ljBfyL{x?nfO{ nlIft ub{5 . of] efusf] ljlzi6 p2]Zo eg]sf] !!–

!$ jif{ pd]/sf s]6f / s]6Lx? hf] lzIff cfh{gsf] df}sfaf6 j~rLt 5g\ pgLx?nfO{ j}slNks ;fIf/tf sfo{qmdsf]

k|jGw ldnfpg'

xf] .

oL p2]Zox? k|fKt ug{sf nflu tnsf tLg /0fgLltx? th'{df ul/Psf 5g\

77

— lszf]/fj:yf -!)–!$ jif{_ sf s]6fs]6Lx?nfO{ ljBfno eGbf jflx/ gf} dlxgf cjlwsf] ;fIf/tf

tflnd b'O{ k6s lbg] .

— sIff ! b]lv # sf k|fylds txsf ^—* jif{ pd]/sf 5fqf5fqx?sf nflu ;xh / ;]jfd'ns

sfo{qmd

— k|fylds ljBfno pd]/sf afn >ldsx?sf] nflu Ps xKtfdf !* 306f b/n] # jif{sf] nflu

;xh, ;/n j}slNks z}lIfs] sfo{qmd lbg] . of] of]hgfj4 sfo{qmdsf] nIo k|fylds ljBfnosf]

clGtd k/LIffdf,lt ljBfyL{nfO{ kf7\oqmd cg';f/ tof/Lsf] ;fy{ k/LIffdf ;xefuL u/fpg' xf] .

cf= pknAwL÷k|ltkmn

cgf}krfl/s lzIff s]Gb|n] tof/ kf/]sf] sfo{qmdnfO{ :yfgLo txsf ;+3 ;+:yf / ;'dbfodf cfwfl/t ;+3

;+:yfx?n] sfof{Gjog u/]sf 5g\ .

k|fylds / ljBfnoeGbf jflx/L ;xof]u

ljleGg lhNnfx?nfO{ !%) ljBfno lj:tf/ s]Gb| :yfkgf ug{ ;xof]u pknJw ul/Psf]5 . h;df sIff

! b]lv # sf ^ jif{ b]lv * jif{sf @%)) jfnjflnsfx? nfeflGjt x'g]5g\. oBkL pQm sfo{qmd n}lËs

b[li6n] nIo k|flKtdf ;kmn xf]nf eg]/ jtfpg of] cWoog ;d"x c;dy{ 5 .

nlrnf] ljBfno lzIff sfo{qmd

!% lhNnfsf k|fylds txdf !%) s]Gb| /x]sf] nlrnf] lzIff sfo{qmd ;+rfngfy{ ;xof]u k|bfg ul/Psf]

5 . ;xof]uL sfo{stf{nfo{ b'O{r/0fdf tflnd lbg s]Gb|Lo :t/ / lhNnf :t/df d'Vo k|lzIfs tfnLd

;DkGg ePsf] lyof] .

lzIff ;bg sfo{qmd M

$$ lhNnfx?df ( dlxgfsf] cjlwdf &)) sIffx? @ r/0fdf ;+rfng eO/x]sf 5g\ . k|To]s r/0fdf

!&%)) jfnjflnsfx? nfeflGjt eO/x]sf 5g\ .

afwf / c8\rgx?

— lg/If/tf gS;f+sgsf] cefjdf ;j}eGbf lk5l8Psf] lhNnf / If]qx? 5gf]6 ug{ sl7gfO ePsf]

b]lvG5 .

— u}x| ;/sf/L ;+:yfx? / cGt/f{li6«o u}x| ;/sf/L ;+:yfx? jLr ;dGjosf] cefjn] s'g} 7fpFdf

Pp6} sfo{qmd bf]xf]l/Psf] 5 eg] st} sfo{qmd g} ;+rfng ePsf] 5}g .

— :yfgLo txdf ;+3 ;+:yfx? jLr Ps cfk;df ;dGjosf] cefj kfOG5 .

— gLlt lgdf{0f txdf n}lËs ;r]ttfsf] cefj /x]sf] b]lvG5 .

;'emfjx?

!= lg/If/tfsf] gS;f+sg ubf{ n}lËstf / lk5l8Psf ju{x?sf] jf/]df ;"rgf ;+sng ug'{ kb{5

@\ lg/If/tfsf] gS;f+sg ubf{ lk5l8Psf ju{sf jfnjflnsfsf] cfjZostfnfO{ k|fyldstf k|bfg ug'{

kb{5 .

78

#= ;fIf/tf sfo{qmd ;+rfng ubf{ ;fIf/tfsf] ;fy;fy} Kofs]h sfo{qmd cGtu{t lzz' ljsf;

sfo{qmd tyf cfo cfh{g sfo{qmd nfu' ug'{ kb{5 .

$= :yflgo :t/sf ;/sf/L / u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx?jLr ;dGjo x'g'kb{5 .

%= ;j} txdf n}lËs ;r]tgf tflnd cfjZos kb{5 . o:tf] tflnd z'?df s]lGb|o txaf6 z'? ug'{

kb{5 .

^= lzIff ;bg sfo{qmd / nlrnf] lzIff sfo{qmdsf ;xefuL / ;xof]uL sfo{stf{ 5gf}6 ubf{

n}lËstfdf cfwfl/t x'g' x'b}g . o;/L sfo{qmdsf] nIo / p2]Zo d"Nof+sg ug{ ;lsG5 . / o:tf]

sfo{qmd ;+rfng ubf{ cfjZos kg]{ /0fgLlt tof/ ug{ ;lsG5 .

%=# jflnsfsf nflu lzIff M efu #

cg';"rL —! p2]Zo—#

æljz]ifu/L jflnsf / lk5l8Psf jfnjflnsfsf] nflu cfwf/e't tyf k|fylds lzIffdf ;dfg kx'Fr a9fpg] .Æ

cg';'rL —#

pknJwL tyf p2]Zo—% M

æjflnsf / lk5l8Psf ju{sf jfnjflnsfsf] k|fylds lzIffsf] lglDt kx'Fr a9fpg]Æ . cg';"lrdf

jfnjflnsfsf] egf{, k|fylds sIff bf]xf]¥ofpg] / k"/f ug]{ jf jfnjflnsfsf] pknlJwsf] af/]df s]xL

elgPsf] 5}g . ;dodf z}lIfs ;x'lnot kfpg] lk5l8Psf jfnjflnsfsf] k|ltzt pNn]v ul/Psf]5 .

o;sf] ;fy} jflnsf] egf{ a9fpg pkfox? lgsfNg] s'/f ul/Psf]5 . o;n] sfo{qmdsf] p2]Zo / nIf

d"Nof+sg / cg'udgdf sl7gfO{ 5 .

of] efu cGtu{t sfof{Gjog of]hgf c:ki6 5 . oxfF kx'Fr / sIff bf]xf]¥ofpg] jf sIff cjlw k"/f ug]{

af/]df pNn]v ul/Psf] 5}{g . t/ sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog of]hgfdf o;nfo{ ljz]if lzIff sfo{qmdsf]

pkof]udf /flvPsf]5 . jflnsf lzIff / jfnjflnsf nflu lzIffn] lzIffsf] b'O{ ljleGg If]qnfO{ Olªut

ub{5 / ljz]if lzIffsf ljleGg sfo{qmdnfo{ klg hgfpF5 .

kl/ro

cfwf/e"t tyf k|fylds lzIff sfo{qmd -bf]>f] r/0f_ df jflnsfsf] nflu lzIff Pp6f cfjZos tTjsf]

?kdf lnOPsf]5 . pQm lzIffsf] nflu )=* ldlnog cd]l/sL 8n/ ljlgof]hg ul/Psf]5 . jfwf /

c8\rgx?nfo{ x6fpg Pp6f Kofs]h sfo{qmd lbuf] k|efjsf] nflu th'{df ul/Psf] 5 . h;df lgDg

s'/fx? ;dfj]z ePsf 5g\ M

ljBfnodf ;'ljwfx?, ;'wfl/Psf sIff sf]7fx?, kfgL cfk"lt{ / ;f}rfnosf] ;'ljwfx?

jflnsfsf] egf{ / pkl:yltdf j[l4 ug{ dlxnf lzlIfsfsf] Joj:yf

ljBfno hfg w]/} ;do nfUg] ;d:of ;dfwfg ug{ ljBfno lj:tf/ sfo{qmd

jfnjflnsfsf] lzIffsf] nfutnfO{ sd ug{ nltnf] lzIff / lzIff ;bg sfo{qmd .

o;df jflnsf lzIffnfO{ hf]8 lbO{ sfd u/L ljBfno hfg] jftfj/0fdf ;dfof]hg ug]{ .

cfˆgf efO jlxgLx?nfO{ x]/rfx ug{sf] nflu lzz' ljsf; s]Gb|x? . ljBfnosf] u'0f:t/

/ Ifdtf ;'wf/sf] nflu

kf7\oqmd kf7\ok':tsdf n}lËs ;Gb]z k|bfg u/L ;du| u'0f:t/ j[l4 ug]{ . lzIfssf]

pkl:yltdf hf]8 lbO{ tflnddf ;'wf/ ug]{ .

ljBfno lzIffsf k|ToIf nfut sd ug{ sIff $ / % df lgz'Ns kf7\ok':ts ljt/0f

ug]{ .

79

jflnsf lzIffaf6 nfeflGjt u/fpg ;d'bfo r]tgf cleofgåf/f ;d'bfonfO{ kl/rfng

u/fpg] .

dfly pNn]lvt s'/fx?sf] cltl/Qm jflnsfsf] nflu lzIff cGtu{t cGo pkfox? klg lnOPsf 5g\ .

cf=k|f=lz=k=bf];|f] sf] k]h !^ df of] efusf] pk efu @ df 5 . nlIft ;d'xsf] nflu lzIff cfkm}df

kx'Fr a9fpg] / k9\gsf] nflu sIffdf pkl:yt x'g] jftfj/0fdf ;'wf/ Nofpg' xf] .

dlxnf lzIff zfvfn] lhNnf lzIff sfo{no dfkm{t ef]hg 5fqfjf; / 5fqj[lQ sfo{qmd ;+rfng ub}{ cfPsf]5 . o;n]

lhNnf lzIff sfo{nosf ;DjlGwt ;'k/efOh/ / >f]tJolQmnfO{ sfo{qmdsf] p2]Zo / k|lqmof ;DjGwL cled'vLs/0f ub}{

cfPsf]5 . To;}u/L >L % sf] ;/sf/ / ljZj vfB sfo{qmdn] kf}li6s sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog u/]sf] 5 .

pknAwL÷k|ltkmn

cfwf/e"t tyf k|fylds lzIff kl/of]hgf bf];|f]sf] ;'?jft b]lv g} ;du| v'b egf{ (NER) n] &)Ü—

*)Ü / 5fqf egf{ (NER) ^!%—&$=^Ü ;Dd k'¥ofPsf]5 . ;fwf/0ftof of] l:ylt 7Ls} b]lvG5 . t/

cem} j9fpg' kb{5 . ;fy} n}lËs lje]b eg] sfod g} 5 . s]lx lhNnfx?df Go'gtd ;'wf/ ePsf]

b]lvG5 eg] s]lx lhNnfdf egf{ k|ltzt 36]sf] 5 . oBkL aflnsfsf] egf{ k|ltztn] jflnsf lzIffsf]

nflu cg's'n k|efj kf/]sf] b]lvG5 .

jfwf / c8\rgx?

t]>f] ;e]{If0f ;ldIff 6f]nLn] ^ j6f lhNnfsf] ;d'bfosf ;b:ox?sf] ;e]{ u¥of] . ;f] ;e]{ ubf{ ;d'bfosf ldl>t ;d"x,

u}/ ;/sf/L ;+3 ;+:yf . ;d'bfodf cfwfl/t ;+3 ;+:yf, jfj' cfdfnfO{ ;+nUg ul/Psf] lyof] . 5f]/Lx?nfO{ ljBfno

gk7fpg'sf] sf/0f lgDg lg:sif{ lgsfn]sf] lyof] M

!= cfly{s ;d:of

@= efOjlxgLx?sf] x]/rfx÷3/of;L sfd

#= 5f]/LnfO{ u/]sf] nufgL ljjfx kl5 Joy{ x''g]

$= jfj'cfdfx?df r]tgfsf] sdL

%= 5f]/fx?nfO{ lzlIft jgfpg hf]8

^= u'0f:t/Lo ljBfno lzIff gx'g'

&= c?n] klg 5f]/LnfO{ ljBfno gk7fpg]

ljBfnon] jfnjflnsfx?nfo{ ljBfno hfg ;lqmo sbd rfNg' kg]{ s'/f afa' cfdfn] jtfP .

ljBfno hfg 5fqj[lQ, emf]nf / sk8fx?sf] Joj:yf ug'{ kg]{ pNn]v ePsf] lyof] . t/ kf}li6s tTjx?sf] sf/0f eg]

pNn]v ul/Psf] lyPg .

pQm ;ldIff j}7sdf ljBfnodf jflnsfx?nfO{ gk7fpg'sf] d'Vo sf/0f ul/jL / ljBfnosf] u'0f:t/Lo

lzIff g} xf] eGg] lgisif{ lgsfn]sf] lyof] .

t/fOsf lhNnfsf ljBfnox?df cjnf]sg ubf{ sIff sf]7fx? ;fgf, cWof/f], kmf]xf]/ / sIff sf]7fdf

efFlrPsf kmlg{r/ /x]sf] kfOof] . o;sf] ;fy} kf}li6s vfB sfo{qmdsf ;fdfgx? sIff sf]7fdf g}

y'kf/]sf] kfOof] . ToxfFsf] jftfj/0f lzIf0f l;sfOsf] nflu pko'Qm lyPg . tLg j6f ufpsf ljBfno

dWo] b'Oj6f ljBfnox?sf ;fgf sIff sf]7fdf w]/} ljBfyL{ gc6]sf] sf/0f ljBfyL{x?nfO{{ sIff jflx/ g}

k9fPsf] b]lvof] . hgsk'/ lhNnfel/sf df=lj=sf sIff ( / !) df kof{Kt sf]7fsf] cefj lyof] . ;f]

ljBfnosf sIff !) df !@) / sIff ( df *) jflnsfx? egf{ ePsf lyP .

80

tLgj6f u|fdL0f k|f=lj= x?df e|d0f #)Ü–$)Ü ljBfyL{ xflh/ ePsf / ;du|df $÷% hgf lzIfs dWo]

@ hgf ;w} h;f] ubf{ tflnd, lj/fdL / cGo sf/0fj; cg'kl:yt ePsf] b]lvof] . olb lzIfsx?

cg'kl:yt x'G5g\ eg] cfˆgf jRrfx?nfO{ 3/df g} pko'Qm sfddf nufpg j]z x'g] GAT ts{ ;lxt GAT

n] jfj'cfdfx?jLr u/]sf] Ps ;e]{If0fdf b]lvG5 . oBkL l9n} ePtf klg jflnsfx?nfO{ egf{ ug]{ qmd

jl9/x]sf] 5 . ul/j kl/jf/ k/Dk/fut ;+:sf/ / ;f]rfOn] u|:t cfdf afa'x?n] z}lIfs ;'ljwfx?, /fd|f

/ kof{Kt ejgx?, lgoldt / /fd|f lzIfsx? geP;Dd cfˆgf 5f]/Lx?nfO{ olb oL Joj:yfx? kof{Kt

ePdf 5fqfx?sf] egf{ j9\g] ck]Iff ug{ ;lsG5 .

;'emfjx? M

!= 5fqfx?sf] nflu ljz]if sfo{qmdx?nfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbg' kb{5 .

@= u'0f:t/Lo lzIffsf] nflu sfo{qmdnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbg' kb{5 / u/Lj kl/jf/sf 5fqfx? ljBfno

uP/ nfeflGjt x'g ;S5g\ eGg] k|Tofe"lt lbg ;Sg' kb{5 .

%=#=! 5fqfx?sf] nflu 5fqfjf;

p2]Zo # cg';"rL — !

ævf; u/L jflnsf / lk5l8Psf ju{sf jfnjflnsfsf] cfwf/e't tyf k|fylds lzIffsf] lglDt ;dfg

kx'Fr a9fpg] Æ

pQm p2]Zo k|fKtLsf nflu /0fgLlt /x]sf 5g\ M

æ ljBdfg 5fqfjf;x? k'g:yf{kg tyf d/dt ug]{Æ

!= kl/ro

cfwf/e"t tyf k|fylds lzIff kl/of]hgf bf];|f] r/0fdf jflnsf lzIff cGtu{t 5fqfjf; klg /x]sf] 5 .

of] sfo{qmdsf] p2]Zo b'u{d e]ux?df ToxLFsf 5fqfx?nfO{ lzIfs x'g k|f]T;flxt ug'{ xf] . sIff * sf

5fqfx?nfO{ 5fqfjf;df Joj:yf ldnfO{ B >]0fLsf] tflnd lbP/ pgLx?s} ufpFdf k|fylds lzlIfsf

lgo'QmL ul/of] . cfwf/e"t tyf k|fylds lzIff kl/of]hgfsf] ;xof]udf lzIff dGqfnon] !* j6f

5fqfjf;x? k'gMlgdf{0f ul//x]sf] 5 .

>L % sf] ;/sf/n] æ dlxnfx?sf] nflu lzIffsf] ;dfg kx'Fr Æ kl/of]hgf z'? u/] kl5 ;g\ !(&! df

5fqfjf;sf] Joj:yf klg z'?jft eof] . h;sf] p2]Zo u|fdL0f e]udf gd'gf dlxnf lzlIfsf tof/ ug'{

lyof] . kf]v/f SofDk;df dfWoflds txsf 5fqfx?nfO{ lbPsf] pQm tflnd ;kmn ePsf]n] wgs'6fdf

!(&@ / g]kfnu~hdf !(&^ df of] sfo{qmd ;+rfng ul/of] .

pQm sfo{qmdsf] k|d'v p2]Zox? lgDg 5g\ M

— u|fdL0f e]usf SLC kf; gu/]sf 5fqfx?nfO{ pQm tflndsf] Joj:yf ldnfO{ k|fylds txdf

dlxnf lzlIfsf j[l4 ug]{ .

81

— lk5l8Psf ;d'bfosf 5fqfx?nfO{ z}lIfs kbf]GgtL sfo{qmd k|bfg u/L lzlIfsfsf] nflu cfjZos

tfnLdsf] Joj:yf ug]{ . o:tf] tfnLdsf] nflu Go'gtd of]Uotf ePsf 5fqfx? klg kfpg ufx|f]

lyof] .

— ljBfno ;fIf/tf sfo{qmd / ljsf; sfo{qmdx?nfO{ dlxnf lzlIfsfn] ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] .

— jflnsf lzIffsf] nflu ;sf/fTds wf/0ffsf] ljsf; ug]{ .

c;Lsf] bzssf] z'?df NORAD n] >L % sf] ;/sf/nfO{ ;f] sfo{qmdsf] nflu ef}lts ;'ljwfx?

pknAw u/fPsf] lyof] . tL 5fqfjf;x? lhNnf ;b/d'sfdsf df=lj=;+u ;DjGwg u/L o;sf] ;fdLKodf

/flvPsf] lyof] .

;g\ !(*) df SLC kf; u/]sf 5fqfx?nfO{ klg pQm tflnd lbOPsf] lyof] . ;g\ !(*% df ;/sf/n]

lzIf0fsf] nflu Go'gtd of]Uotf SLC kf; ePsf] gLlt nfu" u¥of] . t/ SLC kf; gx'g]x?nfO{

o;n] gsf/fTds c;/ kf¥of] . oBkL ltgLx?nfO{ SLC ;Dd k9\g] df}sf lbOof] t/ s]jn yf]/} dfq

kf; eP / #))) n] hflu/ 5f8\g afWo eP .

xfn g]kfndf !* 5fqfjf;x? ;~rfngdf 5g\ / ;f] 5fqfjf;sf] Joj:yf ugh'{sf] p2]Zo dlxnf

lzlIfsfsf] ;+Vofdf j[l4 ug'{ xf] . o;n] 5fqfx?sf] egf{df j[l4 ug{ ;sf/fTds k|efj kfb{5 . o:tf]

5fqfjf;sf 5fqfx?n] æ;'b[9 5fqfjf; sfo{qmdÆ cGtu{t 5fqj[lQ kfpF5g\ .

;'b[9 5fqj[lQ

EGWN sfo{qmd z'? ePb]lv ;'b[9 5fqj[lQ sfo{qmd !* 5fqfjf;df lg/Gt/ nfu' eO/x]sf] 5 . of]

5fqj[lQ b'u{d e]usf sIff $ / % df k9\g] 5fqfx?nfO{ SLC ;Dd k9\gsf] nflu lbOPsf] 5 . x/]s

5fqfjf;df @) hgf 5fqfx?nfO{ vfg] j:g] Joj:yf 5 . of] 5fqj[lQsf] b/ uf8Laf6 k'Ug ;lsg]

lhNnfx?df cfly{s jif{ @)%^÷%& -!((^÷(&_ df ?= %%) af6 j9fP/ ?=*%) k|To]s 5fqfnfO{ k|lt

dlxgf lbg] Joj:yf ul/Psf] lyof] . t/ b'u{d If]qsf k|To]s 5fqfnfO{ k|lt dlxgf pQm cf=j=df ?= *%)

af6 a9fP/ ?= !)%) lbg] Joj:yf ul/Psf] lyof] . cf=j= )%^.)%& df o:tf] 5fqj[lQ sfo{qmd

cGtu{t #^) 5fqj[lQ sf]6f /x]sf] lyof] / o;sf] nflu ?=$@#) –xhf/) vr{ 5'6\ofOPsf] lyof] .

5fqfx?sf] nflu 5fqj[lQsf] ;fy} Pshgf jf8]{g, efG5] / uf8{ k|To]s 5fqfjf;df pknAw u/fOPsf

5g\ .

5fqj[lQ / k|zf;lgs sfo{sf] nflu ;/sf/n] 5'6\ofPsf] jh]6sf] cltl/Qm cfwf/e"t tyf k|fylds lzIff

kl/of]hgf bf];|f]n] 5fqfjf;sf] nflu lgDgfg';f/ ;xof]u pknJw u/fPsf] 5 M

ef]hg 5fqfjf; ljz]if sfo{qmd

c_ sf]lrË sIff k|lt 5fqfjf; ?= !*)) .– !* lhNnfx?

cf_ cltl/Qm lqmofsnfk Æ ?= %))) .– Æ Æ

O_ ;fdfg vl/b Æ ?= @)))) .– Æ Æ

O{_ cf}ifwL÷kfgL÷ljh'nL Æ ?= !@))) .– Æ Æ

p_ ;Lk ljsf; tflnd Æ ?= !@))) .– Æ Æ

pm_ gofF sfo{qmdsf] nflu(Seed

Money)

Æ ?= !)))) .– Æ Æ

P_ Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf] j}7s Æ ?= #%^) .– Æ Æ

82

hDdf Æ ?= *)%^) . Æ Æ

>f]t M dlxnf lzIff PsfO lzIff ljefu / lzIff tyf v]ns"b dGqfno

cf= pknAwL÷k|ltkmn -@)))÷)!_

ef]hg 5fqfjf;x?sf] k|efj :ki6 ?kdf b]lvPsf] 5}g . b'u{d e]usf 5fqfx?nfO{ tflnd lbg]] p2]Zo

cem} :ki6 5}g . :yfgLo ljBfnox?df tflnd kfPsf 5fqfx?nfO{ lgo'lQm lbg] ;+oGqsf] af/]df klg

:ki6 gLlt 5}g . 5fqfx?nfO{ 5fqj[lQ kfP jfkt kl5 k9fpg' kg]{ s'/f pNn]v ul/Psf] lyPg . hf]

5fqf cWofkg k]zfdf k|j]z u/] To; kl5 pgLx?nfO{ 5fqfjf;sf] efjL sfo{qmd yfxf ePg .

— 5fqfjf; lgb]{lzsf tof/ kfl/Psf] 5 . 5fqfjf;sf] nflu tflnd Kofs]h cem} tof/ ul/Psf] 5}g .

— 5fqfjf; ;~rfngfy{ @) hgf 5fqfjf; jf8]{gx?nfO{ sfo{zfnf uf]i7Laf6 cled'vLs/0f u/fOPsf]

lyof] .

— 5fqfjf;sf] cg'udg ul/Psf] 5 .

O= jfwf cj/f]wx?

— 5fqfjf;sf] z}lIfs jftfj/0fnfO{ ljleGg s'/fn] c;/ kf/]sf] 5 . h:t} -cltl/Qm z'Ns, lgDg

u'0f:t/sf] vfgf, cfjf;sf] nflu sd 5fqj[lQ_

— 5fqfjf;sf] p2]Zosf] jf/]df ljBfyL{x?nfO{ hfgsf/L :ki6 gx'g' .

— 6\o'zg z'ns, egf{ z'Ns, vfhf, eQf, ljh'nL, kmf]g, OGwg, kfgL / dd{t vr{x? 5fqfx?n]

Joxf]g'{ k/]sfn] s]xL ul/j 5fqfx? grfxbf grfxb} klg ljBfno 5f]8\g' k/]sf] .

— cª\u|]hL, ul0ft / lj1fg ljifo k9\g sl7gfO{ x'g' .

— 6f9f 3/ x'g] 5fqfx? nfdf] ljbfdf 3/ hfg / cfpgsf nflu ;fyL rflxg] / j9\bf] vr{sf sf/0f

5fqfjf;df j:g c;dy{ x'g' .

— :yfgLo txdf ef]hg 5fqfjf;sf] ;'ljwfsf jf/]df yfxf gx'g' .

— 5fqfjf;df kof{Kt ef}lts ;'ljwfx? gx'g' h:t} - cf]5\ofg, vfg]kfgL zf}rfno_

— 5fqfjf;sf] cfly{s Joj:yfkgdf s8f lgod gx'g'

— lgoldt cg'udg / lgl/If0fsf] cefj x'g'

— 5fqfjf; k|d'vn] 5fqfx?nfO{ sl7gfO{ ePsf] ljifodf ;xof]u ug{ g;s]sf]n] z}lIfs ;'wf/ x'g

g;Sg'

— s]xL lhNnfx?df 5fqfjf;sf] dfu lgDg sf/0fn] 36g'M

Go"g 5fqj[lQ tyf ;'ljwfsf] sdL

5fqfjf;sf] sfo{qmdsf] jf/]df ;"rgfsf] cefj x'g'

cWoog kZrft hflu/sf] Uof/]G6L gx'g'

O{= ;'emfjx? M

ef]hg 5fqfjf;nfO{ k|efjsf/L ?kdf ;+rfng ug{ lgDgpkfox? cjnDjg ug{ ;lsG5 M

!= 5fqfjf;sf] p2]Zox?sf] jf/]df 5fqfx?nfO{ cled'lvs/0f tfnLd lbg] .

@= ef]hg 5fqfjf;sf] jf/]df :yfgLo txdf cleefjs tyf ;/f]sf/jfnfx?nfO{ o;sf] jf/]df

hfgsf/L u/fpg] .

#= ef]hg 5fqfjf;sf] sfo{qmdaf6 sf] nfeflGjt x'G5 eGg] jf/]df :ki6 / kf/bzL{ lglt ckgfpg] .

83

$= 5fqfjf; Joj:yfkg, lhNnf lzIff sfof{no / ufpF ljsf; ;ldlt jLr ;'dw'/ ;dGjo

:yfkgf ug]{ .

%= 5fqfjf; ;~rfngfy{ Pp6} lsl;dsf] gLlt th'{df ug]{ .

^= 5fqfjf; / ljBfnosf] lgDtL cfjZos z}lIfs ;fdfu|Lsf] vr{sf] nflu 5fqj[lQ /sd j[l4 ug]{ .

&= sf]7f, cf]5\ofg, k':tsfno / sDkfp08 kvf{nsf] plrt Joj:yf ldnfpg] .

*= ljBfyL{x?nfO{ ;xof]u ug{ k"/f ;dosf] nflu Ps ;Ifd lzIfssf] Joj:yf ug]{ .

(= !) sIffsf 5fqfx?nfO{ SLC sf] tof/Lsf] lgDtL 5'§} sf]lrË sIffsf] Joj:yf ug]{ .

!)= ;dodf g} 5fqj[lQsf] Joj:yf ldnfpg] .

!!= SLC k/LIff kl5 5fqfx?nfO{ k"j{–lzIfs tflnd lbg] k|jGw ug]{ .

!@= cWoog ;dfKt ePkl5 lzIf0f ;]jf ug]{ zt{ agfpg' .

sfo{qmdsf] jf/]df lj:t[t ;'emfjx?, sfof{Gjogsf] nflu ;+:yfsf] bfloTjsf] jf/]df sfo{ of]hgf cg';"rL

# df pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .

%=#=@ 5fqj[lQ sfo{qmd M pk efu #–@

p2]Zo—# cg';"rL —!

æ cfwf/e"t tyf k|fYflds lzIffsf] ;dfg kx'Fr vf; u/L jflnsf / lk5l8Psf ju{sf jfnjflnsfdf

k'¥ofpg]Æ

5fqj[lQ sfo{qmd ljBfnodf 5fqfx?sf] ;+Vofdf j[l4 ug{ / cfdf jfj'nfO{ pgLx?sf] k9fOdf nfUg]

nfut sd ug{ ;fy} 5f]/Lx?nfO{ ljBfnodf k9\g k9fpgsf] nflu Pp6f dxTjk"0f{ cf}hf/sf] ?kdf

lnOPsf] 5 . b]zsf ljleGg efux?df o:tf w]/} sfo{qmdx? sfof{Gjogdf NofOPsf] 5 .

c= kl/ro

u/LjL ;+ejtM jflnsfx?sf] z}lIfs cj;/nfO{ l;ldt u/fpg] ;j}eGbf k|d'v tTj jg]sf] 5 .

cfdfjfj'x?n] pgLx?sf] 5f]/LnfO{ ljBfno k7fpFbf b'O{ y/Lsf d"No ltg'{k5{— k|ToIf d"No / df}sfsf]

d"No . sltko cleefjsx?n] cfˆgf 5f]/Lx?nfO{ ljBfno k7fpFbf k|ToIf d"No ltg{ c;dy{ ePsfn]

pgLx?sf 5f]/Lx? lzIffaf6 jl~rt x'G5g\ . l;ldt >f]t ePsf cleefjsx? 5f]/fx?nfO{ ljBfno

k9fpg k|fyldstf lbG5g\ .

z}lIfs sfo{qmddf dlxnfx?sf] ;dfg kx'FrnfO{ 5fqj[lQ of]hgfdf ;dflji7 ul/Psf] lyof] . of] sfo{qmd

;g\ !(&! df z'? ul/of] . o; sfo{qmdsf] nIo ufpFsf 5fqfx?nfO{ dlxnf k|fylds lzlIfsfsf] ?kdf

tflnd lbg] / h;af6 5fqfx?sf] egf{sf] nflu of] sfo{qmdn] Pp6f dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf v]Ng ;Sb5 . of]

sfo{qmddf ;xefuL x'g sIff cf7sf 5fqfx?nfO{ k|]l/t ul/of] / B >]0fLsf] tflnd lbOof] .

of] sfo{qmdn] ;g\ !(*#÷*$ b]lv k|fylds ljBfnosf 5fqfx?nfO{ k|ToIf ;xof]u ub}{ / g]kfndf

dlxnf tyf 5fqfx?sf] nflu lzIff sfo{qmd cGtu{t Pp6f dfu{bz{s kl/of]hgfsf] ?kdf lg/Gt/tf

kfof] .

;j{k|yd of] sfo{qmd sfe|] / wflbË b'O{ lhNnfdf nfu" ul/of] . !(*%÷*^ b]lv dsjfgk'/, bf]nvf,

dxf]Q/L / 8f]6L lhNnfdf klg lj:tf/ ul/of] . ;f] sfo{qmdn] %)) 5fqfx?nfO{ %) dlxgf;Dd ?= #)

sf b/n] 5fqj[lQ pknAw u/fPsf] lyof] .

84

;g\ !(** df :j= >L % jL/]Gb|n] 5 j6f cfwf/e"t cfjZostf sfo{qmd dfkm{t hgtfsf] hLjg:t/

;'wf/ ug{ ;/sf/nfO{ lgb]{zg jS; ePsf] lyof] . tL dWo] Pp6f k|fylds lzIff lyof] . of] sfo{qmd

cGtu{t ljBfno 5fqj[lQ Joj:yf, vf;u/L 5fqfx?sf nflu ljBfno kf]zfs k|bfg ug'{ lyof] h'g

sf]6fsf] cfwf/df clw/fHo el/ nfu" ul/of] . To;j]nf c? sf]6f k|To]s jif{ %Ü sf b/n] j[l4 ug]{

Joj:yf ePsf] lyof] .

cf}krfl/s lzIffaf6 jl~rt ePsf !) b]lv !$ jif{ pd]/sf 5fqfx?sf] nflu lzIff ;bg –r]nLj]6L_

sfo{qmd klg nfu" ul/Psf] lyof] . To; ;dodf oL sfo{qmdx? o'lg;]kmsf] k"0f{ ;xof]udf sfof{Gjog

ul/Psf] lyof] . To; ;dodf 5fqj[lQ /sd ?=@%) .– sf b/n] k|lt z}lIfs jif{ lgwf{/0f ul/Psf] lyof]

Pp6f ;d"xsf 5fqfx?n] ?=@)).— ljBfno kf]zfssf] nflu kfpy] . csf]{ ;d"xdf 5fqfx? lzIff ;bg

sfo{qmddf ;xefuL ePsf lyP .

k|fylds txsf] ljBfno 5fqj[lQ sfo{qmdsf] cltl/Qm x/]s z}lIfs jif{df sIff ^ b]lv !) ;Ddsf

5fqfx?nfO{ :yfgLo 5fqj[lQ /sd ?= ^)) .– b]lv ?= !))) .– ;Dd pknAw ul/Psf] lyof] .

s_ k|fylds ljBfno 5fqj[lQ

xfn k|fylds ljBfno 5fqj[lQ sfo{qmd jflif{s sf]6f k|0ffnLsf] cfwf/df ^@ lhNnfx?df nfu" ul/Psf]

5 . 5fqj[lQ /sd b/ k|lt z}lIfs jif{ k|lt 5fqf ?= @%) .– g} 5 . pQm sfo{qmdsf] csf]{ of]hgf !@

lhNnfx?df sIff ! b]lv % ;Dd egf{ ePsf 5fqfx?sf] nflu nfu" ul/Psf]5 . 5fqj[lQsf] /sd dfly

pNn]v ul/P cg'?k g} /x]sf]5 . cfly{s jif{ @))!÷)@ df 5fqj[lQsf] sf]6f $@)@! /x]sf] lyof] .

o;sf] nflu jh]6 ?=!)%)$ -xhf/_ 5'6\ofOPsf] lyof] .

o;sf] cltl/Qm cfwf/e"t tyf k|fylds lzIff kl/of]hgf bf];|f]n] ^ b]lv !) jif{sf 5fqfx?nfO{

;x'lnot sfo{qmd h:t} kf]zfs eQf / z}lIfs ;fdfu|L jfkt ?= %)) .– / ?= #)) .– qmdzM sf b/n]

k|lt z}lIfs jif{df lbg] u/L !& lhNnfsf k|To]s @ uf=lj=;= x?df pknAw u/fpFb} cfPsf] 5 . l;ldt

>f]t ePsf] cj:yfdf dlxnf lzIff zfvfsf] ;e]{ cg';f/ k|fyldstf / qmdsf] cfwf/df pQm ;x'lnot

/sd k|bfg ul/G5 . @!^$! hjgf 5fqfx? of] sfo{qmdaf6 nfeflGjt ePsf 5g\ . BPEP-II cGtu{t

/x]sf o:tf cGo ;x'lnot sfo{qmdx? lgDgfg';f/ 5g\ M

cfwf/e"t k|fylds lzIff sfo{qmd

sfo{qmd jofg k|lt 5fqf k|lt z}lIfs jif{ lhNnf

!= z}lIfs ;x'lnot

sfo{qmd

;e]{df cfwfl/t kf]zfs ?= %)) .–

z}lIfs ;fdfu|L ?= #)) .–

!& lhNnf

-#$

uf=lj=;=_

@= z}lIfs ;x'lnot

sfo{qmd -nlIft ;d"xsf

nflu_

;e]{df cfwfl/t kf]zfs ?= %)) .–

z}lIfs ;fdfu|L ?= #)) .–

* lhNnf

-@$

uf=lj=;=_

#= dfWoflds ljBfno

5fqj[lQ

-sIff ( / !)_

sf]6f ?= !@)) .– -Ps hgfnfO{_ &% lhNnf

$= ;x'lnot 5fqj[lQ

sIff % k"/f u/]sfnfO{

pTs[i6 !) hgf ?= !))) .– -Ps k6s_ &% lhNnf

85

%= ljBfno k'/:sf/

-w]/} 5fqfx? egf{ ug]{nfO{

k|lt uf=lj=;= !

ljBfno

?= !@))) .– k|lt ljBfno !& lhNnfsf

uf=lj=;= x?

SFG-8 lhNnf– @$

uf=lj=;=

^= ;r]ttf j[l4 sfo{qmd

— k|fylds lzIfsx?nfO{

-j/fj/L n}lËs tfnLd

;+Vofdf dlxnf k'?if b'j}_

uf=lj=;= cWoIf

— ;8s gf6s

— Kn] sf8{ / kf]i6/

;lxtsf] z}lIfs ¥ofnL

— — 8s'd]G6«L

lkmNd k|bz{g,

;8s gf6s

:yfgLo ljBfno 5fqj[lQ

:yfgLo ljBfno 5fqj[lQ of]hgf EGWN kl/of]hgf nfu" ePb]lv lg/Gt/ ul/Psf] 5 / xfn &% j6}

lhNnfdf pQm of]hgf nfu" ul/Psf] 5 . o; of]hgfsf] p2]Zo SLC kf; ug]{ dlxnfsf] ;+Vofdf j[l4 ub}{

pgLx?nfO{ lzIf0f k]zfdf ;+nUg u/fo{ dlxnf lzlIfsfsf] ;+Vofdf j[l4 ug'{ klg xf] . of] of]hgf

cGtu{t sIff ^ b]lv sIff !) sf 5fqfx?nfO{ cem} klg k|lt dlxgf 5fqj[lQ ?=^) b]lv ?=!)) k|bfg

ul/Psf]f 5 . x/]s lhNnfdf 5fqj[lQsf] ;+Vof jflif{s sf]6fdf cfwfl/t 5 . cfly{s jif{ @))!.@))@

df 5fqj[lQsf] nflu sf]6f ;+Vof !$(%! lyof] eg] o;sf] nflu ?=!!,(&( -xhf/_ jh]6 5'6\ofOPsf]

lyof] .

SofDk; tyf pRr dfWolds lzIff 5fqf 5fqj[lQ

:yfgLo ljBfno 5fqfj[lQ of] 5fqj[lQ klg EGWN kl/of]hgf lg/Gt/ ?kdf k|bfg u/]sf]5 . k|lj0ftf

k|df0fkq txdf lzIff ;+sfodf k9\g] 5fqfx?nfO{ ;'udsf] eP ?= $%) / b'u{dsf] eP ?= %%) lbOG5 .

of] klg sf]6fdf cfwfl/t 5 . pRr dfWoflds txsf] Joj:yf x'g' cufl8 of] 5fqj[lQ SofDk;df lzIff

;+sfodf k9\g] 5fqfx?nfO{ k|bfg ul/GYof] . xfn sIff !! / !@ df lzIffnfO{ d'Vo ljifosf] ?kdf lnO{

k9\g] 5fqfx?nfo{ SofDk;df k9\g] 5fqf ;/x of] 5fqj[lQ k|bfg ul/Psf] 5 .

cf= pknAwL÷k|ltkmn

;g\ @))!÷@))! sf] pknAwLx? lgDg cg';f/ 5 .

l;=g+= lqmofsnfkx? jflif{s nIo / k|ult

nIo k|ult Ü

!= ;x'lnot sfo{qmd #$ uf=lj=;=x? #$ uf=lj=;=x? !))

@= dfWoflds tx 5fqf 5fqj[lQ @%)) @@@# ^(

#= 5fqfjf; sfo{qmd !* !* !))

$= pTs[i6 5fqfx?sf] nflu 5fqj[lQ &%) &$) &@

O= jfwf c8\rgx?

86

5fqfx?sf] egf{ j[l4 ug{ 5fqj[lQn] k|ToIf ?kdf Tolt w]/} c;/ u/]sf] 5}g tfklg 5fqfx?sf]

;xeflutf tyf ljBfno hfg] b/df s]lx cjlw b]lv j[l4 ePsf] 5 . ;g\ !((% b]lv !((( ;Ddsf] %

jif{sf] cjlwdf s"n ljBfyL{ ;+Vofdf 5fqfsf] ;+Vofsf] cg'kft ! k|ltztn] dfq a9]sf] 5 . of]

;xeflutf b/ a9\g'sf] >]o 5fqj[lQ sfo{qmdnfO{ lbg ;lsG5 . 5fqj[lQsf] ;+Vof sd x'gfn] t'ngfTds

?kn] yf]/} 5fqfx? dfq nfeflGjt ePsf 5g\ . 5fqj[lQsf /sdsf] b/ Hofb} Go"g 5 ;fy} h'g

ljBfyL{n] l9nf] dfq kfPsf 5g\ o;nfO{ slxn]sfxLF b'?kof]u klg ul/Psf] b]lvG5 . 5fqj[lQsf] jf/]df

:ki6 hfgsf/L ;dodf ;j}n] kfPsf 5}gg . of] ;w} u/La 5fqfn] dfq kfpFb}gg\ . vf; u/L Blanket

approach nfu' ePsf !@ lhNnfx?sf ;j}h;f] 5fqfx?n] pQm 5fqj[lQ k|fKt ub{5g\ . 5fqj[lQ /sd

5fqfx?n] sfd u/]/ sdfpg] /sd eGbf klg Hofb} Go"g 5 . of] sfo{qmdsf] lgl/If0f / cg'udg

kof{Kt dfqfdf ePsf] 5}g .

dfcf]jfbL ljb|f]xLx?n] k|efj kf/]sf] d'Vo If]qdf 5fqfx?n] jflif{s kfpg] /sd j/fj/ /sd k|lt dlxgf

pgLx?;+u sfd u/] jfkt kfpF5g\ . pgLx?nfO{ nf]enfnr b]vfO kmsfpg ul/Psf] c;dfGo l:ylt xf]

eGg] s'/f pgLx?sf cleefjsn] klg j'em]sf x'g ;S5g . 5fqfx?n] kfpg] 5fqj[lQ /sd c?af6

kfpg] /sdsf] cfwf/df t'ngf ug{ ldNb}g . 5fqj[lQ /sd jfF8bf pgLx?sf] cfdf jfj'x?n] pQm

/sdnfO{ k'/:sf/sf] ?kdf lnO{ 5f]/Lx?nfO{ ljBfno k7fpg pT;'s x'g]5g\ eGg] cfzf ug{ ;lsG5 .

O{= ;'emfjx?

!= k|fylds txdf 5fqj[lQ sf]6f / 5fqj[lQ /sd j[l4 ul/g' kb{5 .

@= 5fqj[lQ /sd ljBfno ;q z'? x'g' cufj} ljBfnodf pknJw u/fpg' kb{5 .

#= s]Gb| / lhNnf :t/df 5fqj[lQ Joj:yfkg l56f] 5l/tf] / ;/n jgfpg' kb{5 .

$= 5fqj[lQ ljt/0fsf] dfkb08nfO{ u'0f:t/Lo jgfpg' kb{5 / o;sf] ;"rgf ;+k"0f{ ;d'bfodf k'¥ofpg'

kb{5 .

%= 5fqj[lQ /sd b'?kof]u ePdf s8f sf/afxL ug'{ kb{5 .

^= pQm sfo{qmdsf] k|efjsf/L cg'udg ug{' kb{5 .

&= 5fqj[lQ sfo{qmdsf] lj:t[t d'nofÍg ul/g'kb{5 / ;jf]{Qd pkof]usf] nflu lglZrt dfkb08df

hf]8 lbg'kb{5 . vf; u/L xr'jfsf] e/df sfd gu/L jf:tljs ul/j 5fqf 5gf}6 ug'{ kb{5 .

*= SofDk; txsf] 5fqj[lQ sfo{qmdsf] k|efjsfl/tf d'NofÍg ug{ Pp6f 5'§} cg'udg cWoog ;d"x

u7g u/L sfo{ ug'{ kb{5 .

%=#=# ljBfno kf]zfs

p2]Zo—# cg';"rL —!

æ ;dfg kx'Fr vf;u/L jflnsf / lk5l8Psf ju{sf jfnjflnsfdf k'¥ofpg] . Æ cf=k|f=lz=k=bf]>f],

lk=cfO l8=-BPEP, PID 1999)

c= kl/ro / e"ldsf

;j}eGbf lk5l8Psf ;d"bfosf jfnjflnsfx? hf] ljBfnoaf6 jlGrt ePsf 5g\, pgLx?nfO{ ljBfno

kf]zfs ;x'lnot Kofs]h sfo{qmdsf] ?kdf k|bfg ul/Psf] 5 .

;g\ !(*# df kl/of]hgfsf] Ps lqmofsnfksf] ?kdf ljBfno kf]zfs klxnf]k6s z'? eof] . g]kfndf

>L % sf] ;/sf/ / o'lg;]kmsf] jLrdf % jif{ ;Dd dlxnf / 5fqfx?sf] nflu lzIff kl/of]hgf ;+rfng

ug{] ;xdlt eof] . kl/of]hgf 5gf}6 ul/Psf] If]qdf k|fylds sIffsf 5fqfx?nfO{ k|ToIf ;xof]u ug{

5fqj[lQ, kf]zfs / cGo ;x'lnotsf s'/fx? k|bfg ul/Psf] lyof] . of] vf; u/L cToGt} lk5l8Psf

87

r]kfª ju{sf] lglDt /x]sf] lyof] . x/]s jif{ b'O{ ;]6 sk8fsf] nflu n'ufeQf hDdf ?=$)).— k|bfg

ul/Psf] lyof] . of] sfo{qmd kl5Nnf] kfFr jif{ -!(**÷*( b]lv !((@÷(#_ nfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbo{ ;g\

!((&÷(* df klg ;+rfng ePsf] lyof] .

pQm sfo{qmd lgDg If]qdf nfu" ePsf] lyof]M

— o'lg;]km cfwf/e't ;]jf If]q

— o'lg;]kmn] ;xof]u u/]sf kl/of]hgfsf cGo If]qx?

— b'u{d If]qx?÷lhNnfx?

— lk5l8Psf ju{÷;d'bfo

— b'O{ kIf jf jx'kIfLo lgsfo . ;+:yf sf]if v8f u/L ;xof]u u/]sf] kl/of]hgfx?

-kl/lzi6_

kl/lzi6—!

n}lËs n]vf kl/If0fsf] nflu cg';Gwfgsf] ljifo BPEP-II sf] n}lËs n]vf kl/If0fsf] nflu TORS.

e"ldsf

g]kfndf k|fylds ljBfnodf egf{ x'g] 5fq / 5fqf jLrsf] e]b ljZjdf g} ;j}eGbf j9L 5 . lzIff tyf

v]ns'b dGqfnosf] ;g\ @))) sf] tYof+s cg';f/ s"n 5fqfx?sf] egf{ k|ltzt &(=$Ü / 5fqfsf] egf{

k|ltzt ^!=@Ü /x]sf] lyof] . k|fylds lzIff k"/f ug]{ 5fqfx? s]jn $@Ü / 5fqx? ^%=Ü /x]sf lyP .

lg=df=lj=df 5fqfx?sf] v'b egf{ @%=@ Ü tyf 5fqx?sf] egf{ #%=& Ü /x]sf] b]lvG5 . df=lj=df !%=(

Ü 5fqf / @$=% Ü 5fqx? egf{ ePsf lyP .

ljleg lhNnfx?sf] ef}uf]lns, ;fdflhs, cfly{s / ;f+:s[lts tTjsf] sf/0f jflnsf lzIff / dlxnf

;fIf/tf b/sf] tYof+s klg lhNnf cg';f/ km/s 5 . sf7df8f}Fdf 5fqfsf] v'b egf{ k|ltzt **=*Ü,

;'b'/ klZrddf -c5fd_ #)Ü / t/fO{sf sltko lhNnfx?df @@=^Ü -/f}tx6_ eGbf klg sd /x]sf]

lyof] .

5fqf egf{ ;+Vofdf j[l4 ePsf] b]lvPtf klg n}lËs lje]bdf d'ne't ?kdf sdL cfPsf] 5}g . dlxnf

;fIf/tf #)Ü dfq 5 eg] k'?if ;fIf/tf b/ ^^Ü 5 . o;n] n}lËs lje]b j9\b} uPsf] b]vfpF5 . o;/L

dlxnf / jflnsfsf] ;d:ofnfO{ cy{k"0f{ ?kaf6 lgb]{lzt gu/]sf] x'bf o:tf] km/s cfPsf] xf] eGg

;lsG5 .

5fqfx? egf{ gx'g'df hl6n sf/0fx? 5g\ . pgLx? cfkm}n] / ;d'bfoaf6 pgLx?sf] nflu lzIffsf] dfu

gx'g' Pp6f kIf xf] eg] lzIff k|bfgsf] t/Lsf h:t}M— ljBfno jftfj/0f, dlxnf lzlIfsfsf] cefj /

k9\bf nfUg] vr{ csf]{ kIf xf] . o; jfx]s hl6n / ldl>t cfly{s, ;fdflhs, ;f+:s[lts / hftLo

sf/0fx?n] klg z}lIfs cj;/af6 jlGrt ePsf 5g\ . :yfgLo txdf 5fqfx?nfO{ ljBfnodf egf{

x'gsf nflu / lgoldt ljBfno hfg lg0ff{os e"ldsf v]Ng] tTjx? klxrfg x'g' cfjZos 5 . xfnsf

jif{x?df 5f]/fx?nfO{ k|fOe]6 jf]l8{Ë :s'ndf / 5f]/LnfO{ ;/sf/L :s'ndf egf{ ug]{ rng a9]sf] 5 .

o;n] lzIffdf n}lËs ;dfgtfsf] wf/0ffnfO{ hl6n agfO{lbPsf] 5 .

88

g]kfn h:tf] ljljw hghflt / ;+:s[lt ePsf] b]zdf :yfgLo ;d:of ;'Nemfpgsf] nflu :yfgLo

pkfox?s} cfjZostf 5 . o;nfO{ BPEP-II n] ckgfPsf] /0fgLlt h:t} ljs]lGb|t of]hgfåf/f ;d:of

;dfwfg ul/g' kb{5 .

g]kfnsf] k|fylds txsf] lzIffdf 5fqfx?sf] kx'Frdf sdL dfq geO{ l;sfO pknJwL k/LIf0f cg';f/

pgLx?sf] bIftf cf}ift ;j} ljifodf s]6fx?sf] t'ngfdf sd /x]sf] b]lvG5 . ljleGg cWoogx?n] s]

b]vfPsf] 5 eg] klzIf0f l;sfO lqmofsnfkdf ;/sf/L ljBfnodf 5fqf eGbf 5fqnfO{ k|f]T;fxg u/]sf]

5 . 3/fo;L sfddf s]6fx? eGbf s]6Lx? a9L ;do lbG5g\ . cleefjsx? klg cfˆgf 5f]/Lx?n]

ljBfnodf s:tf] u/] eGg] Tolt jf:tf ub}{gg\ . To;}n] pgLx?n] /fd|f] k|ult ug{ g;s]sf x'g\ .

lzIff tyf v]ns'b dGqfnosf] k|f=lj= lzIfs b]lv pRr Joj:yfkgsf] txdf dlxnfx?n] Tolt

k|ltlglwTj ub}{gg\ . ;g\ !(() df dlxnf lzlIfsf j[l4 ug]{ lgltsf] ;jfndf d'l:snn] k|f=lj=df hDdf

lzIfs dWo] Ps rf}yfO{ dlxnf lzlIfsf / df=lj= txdf &=@Ü dlxnf lzlIfsf tof/ eof] . $^Ü

k|fylds lzIfsx? tflnd k|fKt ePtf klg s]jn #$=&Ü dfq tflnd k|fKt dlxnf lzlIfsfx? 5g\ .

!)Ü eGbf klg sd dlxnf >f]t JolQmx? 5g\ eg] ;Dk"0f{ lhNnf lzIff clwsf/Lx? k'?if 5g\ . lzIff

tyf v]ns'b dGqfnodf sl/j %Ü :6fkmx? dlxnf 5g\ . ToxfF klggLlt lgdf{0f ug]{ txdf dlxnfx?

5}gg\ . 8f= ldg jxfb'/ lji6sf] ;+:yfut ljZn]if0f, @))), cg';f/ n] dlxnfx?n] z}lIfs Joj:yfkg,

j9'jf, tflnd / kbf]GgtL, ljb]z e|d0f h:tf sfo{qmdx?df k|ltlglwTj gu/]sf] s'/f pNn]v 5 . pgsf]

;+:yfut ljZn]if0f (IA) n] k'?if ;fyLx?n] dlxnfx? k|lt gsf/fTds wf/0ff /fv]sf] s'/f klg :ki6

kf/]sf] 5 .

;g\ !(() df –hf]d6]gdf ePsf] æ;j}nfO{ lzIffÆeGg] gf/fnfO{ ;kmnLe"t kfg{ >L % sf] ;/sf/n]

k|fylds lzIffdf 5fqfx?sf] kx'Fr j[l4 ug]{ rf;f] b]vfof] .

5gf}6 ul/Psf s]xL lhNnfx?, / uf=lj=;=df dlxnfx?sf] lzIffdf kx'Fr k'¥ofpg lgDg ljz]if lgltx?

to ul/P M—

— k|f]T;fxg ug]{ of]hgf agfpg'

— 5fqfjf;sf] dfWodåf/f dlxnf lzIfsx?sf] ;+Vofdf j[l4 ug]{

— 5fqfx?sf] nflu dfWoflds lzIffdf k|f]T;fxg ug'{

— g]kfnsf] x/]s ljBfnodf slDtdf Ps hgf dlxnf lzlIfsfsf] Joj:yf ug]{

oL dfly pNn]lvt k|of;x? x'Fbdx'Fb} klg ljBfnodf dlxnfx?sf] j[l4 ;+Vof ;fdfGo 5 . g]kfnsf]

*))) k|fylds ljBfnodf cem} dlxnf lzIfs 5}gg\ .

BPEP-II cGtu{tsf] b'O{ cWoogn] dlxnf lzlIfsfx? lgo'lQm ug]{ / lj:tf/ ug]{ k|s[ofnfO{ dfr{ @))!

b]lv nfu' ug{ nfluPsf] 5 . oL cWoogsf kl/0ffdx?nfO{ BPEP-II sf] dWofjlw d'Nof+sgdf /flvPsf]

lyof] . dlxnf lzlIfsfx?nfO{ lgo'lQm ug]{ / lj:tf/ ug]{ sfo{qmd, cg'udg k|0ffnL, Jojl:yt 9+un]

cfpg]\ ljZjf; ul/Psf] 5 .

h]lD6g bzssf] pknAwL d"Nof+sg @))) nfO{ ck|Ln @))) sf] 8sf/ ljZj ;Dd]ngdf k|:t't ul/Psf]

lyof] . clkm|sfdf h:t} blIf0f Pl;ofdf klg 5fqf tyf dlxnfx? cToGt lk5l8Psf] d'NofÍgn]

b]vfPslf] 5 . dfgj ljsf; k|ltj]bg @))), cg';f/ Pl;ofdf g]kfn sd pknAwL xfl;n ug]{ d'n'ssf]

?kdf b]vf k¥of] .

89

ljZjJofkL d'NofÍgn] æ;j}sf nflu lzIffÆ sfo{qmddf ;'wf/ ug'{ kg]{ ;+s]t u/]sf] 5 . oBkL k|fylds

lzIffdf n}lËs lje]b ljleGg b]zx?df sfod} 5 . o;nfO{ k|f}9 ;fIf/tf sfo{qmdn] s]xL xb;Dd sd

ub}{ cfPsf]5 .

8sf/ ljZj ;Dd]ngn] n}lËs lje]b x6fpg] k|of; cTolws ug]{ / o;sf] nflu lglZrt ;dodf

ljlzi6 sfo{qmdx? ;+rfng ug]{ s'/fnfO{ hf]8 lbPsf] lyof] .

æ ;g\ @))% ;Dddf k|fylds / dfWoflds lzIffdf n}lËs c;dfgtf x6fpg] / @)!% ;Dddf lzIffdf

n}lËs ;dfgtf Nofpg] / ;dfg kx'Fr k'¥ofpg 5fqfx?nfO{ k|fyldstf lbFb} cfwf/e"t u'0f:t/Lo lzIff

k|bfg ug]{ .

8sf/ ;Ddn]gsf] p2]ZonfO{ lgDgfg';f/ l6Kk0fL ul/Psf] 5

n}lËs ljifonfO{ ;dfwfg ug{ z}lIfs sfo{qmd, b[9 /fhg}lts k|ltj4tf / kof{Kt >f]t cfjZos kb{5 .

5fqfx?nfO{ lzIffsf] kx'Frdf k'¥ofpg] sfo{qmd dfq} klg kof{Kt 5}g, c;'/lIft ljBfnosf] jftfj/0f,

lzIfsx?sf] k"jf{u|xk"0f{ Jojxf/, tflnd, lzIf0f / l;sfO{, kf7\oqmd / kf7\ok':tsx?sf] sf/0faf6 klg

5fqfx?n] k|fylds lzIff k"/f ug{ g;Sg] / sd pknJwL dfq xfl;n ub{5g\ . ;'/lIft / ;+j]bgzLn

n}lËs jftfj/0f l;h{gf ug'{ kb{5 . dlxnf lzIffnfO{ plQs} k|fyldstf lbg' kb{5 . o:tf n}lËs

c;dfgtfx? x6fpgsf] nflu Jofks / lj:t[t k|of;x? yflng' cfjZos 5 / s]6f / s]6L clg dlxnf

/ k'?if jLr cfk;L ;Ddfgsf] efjgf ljsl;t ug'{ h?/L 5 . o;nfO{ ;kmn jgfpgsf] nflu wf/0ffdf

kl/jt{g, d"No, dfGotf / Jojxf/df kl/jt{gsf] cfjZostf 5 .

hj ;Dd /fhg}lts txaf6 lzIff ljsf;sf] nflu k|ltj4tf JoQm x'b}g, tj ;Dd yf]/} dfq pknJwL

x'G5 eGg] s'/f 8sf/ ;Dd]ngdf 5nkmn ul/of] . g]kfndf o;sf] nflu ljleGg txaf6 b]vfPsf] kfOG5

. h:t} -j]OlhË ;Dd]ng, 8fs/ ;Dd]ng / ;+ljwfg cfbL_ /fd|};+u sfo{ ePsf]df klg kl/0ffd cfzftLt

5}g . o;sf] nflu lglt, sdhf]/ sfof{Gjog kIf jf tfnd]n gldNg' s'g rfxLF kIfnfO{ bf]if lbg] <

rf}yf] ;+o'Qm nufgL lgl/If0f bnsf] ;'emfj cg';f/ oL TOR x? lzIff ljefu, dlxnf lzIff zfvfåf/f

tof/ ul/Psf] xf] .

p2]Zox?

sfo{ zt{ (TOR) sf p2]Zox? o; k|sf/ 5g\ M

— jflnsfsf] lzIffdf kx'Fr k'¥ofpg ljBdfg /0fgLlt / sfof{Gjog kIfdf ;'wf/ ug]{

— sfo{qmdsf] ;kmn kIf, sdhf]/ kIf / ;d:of klxrfg ug]{ .

— cf=k|f=lz=k=bf]>f] r/0fsf] dWofjlw ;ldIff j}7ssf] cfwf/df o;df ;dfj]z ug'{kg]{ j[xt /

k|efjsf/L /0fgLltx? ;DjGwL ;'emfj lbg] .

sfo{x?

-!_ BPEP-II sf] dWofjlw sfo{qmd ;+rfng ug]{ tf}/tl/sf ;d:of / nlIft kUIfx? ;lDdlnt

ljZn]if0ffTds k|ltj]bg tof/ kfg]{ . of] ;xeflutfd"ns sfo{qmddf cfwfl/t / ;/f]sf/jfnfsf]

OR5f cg'?k ePsf] .

90

-@_ jflnsf / dlxnfnfO{ lzIffsf] kx'Fr k'¥ofpg, k|fylds sIff k"/f ug]{ agfpg tyf sfo{qmdsf]

Joj:yfkg ug{ ljlzi6 tyf jf:tljs tl/sfx? ÷/0fgLltx? tof/ ug]{ . oL s'/fnfO{

cf=k|f=lz=k=bf]>f] r/0fsf] ljs]lGb|t gLlt;+u tfnd]n ug]{ .

-#_ ;Dk"0f{ txsf] z}lIfs Joj:yfkgdf dlxnfsf] e"ldsfdf ;'wf/ Nofpg pgLx?sf] lgo'lQm, gLlt

lgod, j9'jf, tflnd h:tf s'/fsf] jf/]df ;'emfj lbg] .

TORs sf] sfof{Gjogsf] nflu tf}/tl/sf÷/0fgLlt

xfnsf] TORs lzIff ljefu dlxnf lzIff PsfO{sf] g]t[Tjdf ljlwk"j{s u7g NCED, DEC, NFEC / DOE sf dlxnfx?sf] ljz]if ;+nUgtfåf/f lgdf{0f ul/Psf] xf] . of] k|lqmofnfO{ TORs sf] sfof{Gjog /

dWofjlw ;ldIff ug{ klg lg/Gt/tf lbg] ;Nnfx lbOof] . of] k|lqmofnfO{ Ifdtf lgdf{0f cEof;sf] ?kdf

;+rfng ul/g' kg]{ ;'emfj lbOof] . o;sf] nIo DOE sf Joj;flos dlxnfx?sf] Ifdtf lj:tf/df jn

k'¥ofpg] / lzIffdf n}lËs ljZn]if0f / n}lËs ;dfgtfdf gofF lglt cfljisf/sf] lgdf{0f ug]{ xf] .

sfo{ If]q

k|yd r/0f—! M d]–cu:6 @))!

dfly pNn]lvt p2]Zo / sfo{x?sf] kl/0ffd xfl;n ug{ dlxnf tyf 5fqfx?sf] ;j} !& j6f BPEP-II sf c+ux?sf] ;ldIff ug'{ kb{5 .

dlxnfx?nfO{ z}lIfs Joj:yfkgsf nflu k|d'v e"ldsf v]Ng] JolQmsf] ?kdf lng' kb{5

.;xeflutfd"ns k|lqmofdf dlxnf / k'?if b'j}nfO{ ;+nUg ug'{ kb{5 . >f]t jfF8kmfF8n] -cfly{s tyf

dfgj_ dlxnf tyf jflnsfsf] ;xeflutfdf ljlzi6 e"ldsf v]Ng] s'/fnfO{ ljZn]if0f ug'{ kb{5 .

of] r/0fsf] kl/0ffdnfO{ d"Nof+sg ubf{ cf=k|f=lz=k=k|yd r/0f / bf]>f] r/0fsf] ljutsf cg'ej, dlxnf

tyf jflnsf lzIff / o; ;DjGwL ljZn]if0ffTds cg';GwfgfTds cWoogn] pRr lzIffsf] kx'Fr /

pknJwL ;DjGwL elgPsf] s'/fnfO{ Wofg lbg' kb{5 .

u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx?åf/f ;+rfng ul/Psf s]xL rfv nfUbf / xfl;n ul/Psf cg'ejx?nfO{ ljZn]if0f

ug'{kg]{ ;Nnfx klg lbOPsf] 5 . o;/L k|fKt x'g] kl/0ffdnfO{ eljiosf] /0fgLlt agfpg 5nkmn

ug'{kb{5 . 5fqfx?sf] Snj / ljleGg kl/of]hgf gof /0fgLlt agfpg dxTjk"0f{ c+u x'g ;Sb5 .

n}lËs ;jfndf dfWoflds lzIff ljsf; kl/of]hgfaf6 l;s]sf] kf7nfO{ pkof]udf Nofpg' kb{5 .

of] r/0f ;g\ @))! d] b]lv cui6df z'? x'G5 . of] k|ltj]bgdf cfwfl/t eP/ bf]>f] r/0f ljlzi6

cj:yf cWoogsf ;fy z'? ul/g] 5 .

bf]>f] r/0f— ;]K6]Da/–hgj/L @))@

91

klxnf] r/0f cGtu{tsf] ;ldIffdf cfwfl/t ;'emfjx?af6 cGo w]/} cWoogx? ug'{ h?/L 5 . 7f];

tl/sf / lqmofsnfk tof/ ug'{ cl3 g} c? yk hfgsf/L pknAw ug{' kb{5 . 5'§} TOR x? To;sf]

cWoogsf] lgDtL to ug'{ kb{{5 .

oBkL clxn] lgDg sfdx? ug'{ h?/L 5 M—

!= lzIffsf] u'0f:t/

ljleGg cWoogx?n] b]vfP cg';f/ s]6Lx?n] s]6fx?sf] eGbf -;fdflhs ljifo jfx]s_ ;j} ljifodf sd

c+s NofpF5g\ . o;sf] sf/0f 3/ / ljBfno b'j}lt/ ;DjlGwt 5 . s]6Lx?n] w]/} 3/fo;L sfd ug'{

k/]sfn] a9L ;do cWoognfO{ lbg kfpFb}gg\ . o;sf] ;fy} u[xsfo{ ug{ s;}n] klg hf]8 klg ub}{gg\ .

cg';Gwfgaf6 yfxf eP cg';f/ s]6Lx?nfO{ljBfnosf] k7gkf7g lqmofsnfkdf s;}n] klg Tolt

k|f]T;fxg u/]sf] kfOb}g .

cWoog–cWofkg k|lqmofdf 5fqfx?sf] ;lqmo ;xeflutfsf] nflu ljBfnosf] z}lIfs / cltl/Qm

lqmofsnfkdf pgLx?sf] ;xeflutf j[l4sf] nflu -vf; u/L sIff # / %_ ljz]if kxn ug'{ h?/L 5 .

o; cl3 o:tf] vfnsf] sfd ljz]if p2]Zo / ;'Id 9fFrfdf jfx]s g]kfndf ul/Psf] lyPg .

@= Joj;flos ljsf;df dlxnf Joj:yfkssf] ;xeflutfsf] nflu lglt th'{df ug]{ .

hf]lvd / jfwf÷c8rg

— cWoogsf] ;'emfjx?nfO{ nfu' ug{ oy]i6 k|ltj4tfsf] cefj

— lbuf] kl/jt{g ug{ cfly{s / dfgj >f]tsf] sdL

— t]>f] ;dLIff j}7s / cGo cg';GwfgfTds lqmofsnfkx?;+u kof{Kt ;dGjo gx'g'

— lglt / ;'emfjx? cGo kl/of]hgf;+u ;fdGh:o gu/L k[ys 9Ën] ug'{ . -pbfx/0fsf] nflu,

dfWoflds lzIff kl/of]hgf, lzIfs tflnddf ABD kl/of]hgf / IA cfbL_

n}lËs n]vf ;j]{If0faf6 cfzfltt pknJwL

>L % sf] ;/sf/ / bft[;+:yfx? lgDg s'/fx?df dWofjlw ;ldIffdf ;xdt x'g]5g\ M—

s= cfwf/e"t lzIffdf n}lËs ;dfgtf j[l4 ug]{ nlIft lglt ;+zf]wg ug{ .

v= ;Dk"0f{ txsf] z}lIfs Joj:yfkgfdf dlxnfsf] e"ldsf ;"wf/ ug]{ of]hgf agfpg .

u= of] of]hgf cGttM n}lËs ;dfgtfs} sfof{Gjogs} lglDt to ug{ .

3= ;Dk"0f{ txx?df n}lËs ;dfgtfsf] af/]df j'‰g / k|ltj4tf hfx]/ ug]{ lgltsf ;fy} TORs jf6

k|fKt ;'emfjx? sfof{Gjog ug{ .

k/fdz{

!= @–# dlxgfsf] nflu cGt/f{li6«o k/fdz{bftf -n}lËs ;dfgtf / pko'Qm lgltsf ljz]if1_ / @–#

hgf :jb]zL k/fdz{bftfx?n] of]hgf th'{df / sfof{Gjog ug{sf] nflu ljlzi6 cWoog ug]{ .

TOR sf] nfufgL sf]if

sfo{zfnf, cWoog sfo{, If]q, e|d0f, tYof+s ljZn]if0f cfbL .

92

kl/lzi6—@

/fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o k/fdz{bftfx?sf] nflu (TOR)

BPEP-II sf] n}lËs n]vf ;e]{If0f ;~rfngdf cGt/f{li6«o k/fdz{bftf -;d"x k|d'v_ sf nflu TORs.

MOES/DOE n] cfwf/e"t tyf k|fylds lzIff sfo{qmdsf] lj:t[t n}lËs n]vf ;e]{If0f ;~rfng ug]{

of]hgf /fv]sf] 5 . -h:t} BPEP-II -& dfr{ @))!_ sf] n}lËs ;e]{If0fsf nflu TORs sf] 8«fˆ6_ pQm

;e]{If0fsf] kl/0ffdnfO{ sfo{qmdsf] dWofjlw ;ldIffdf 5nkmn ul/g]5 / pQm sfo{qmd dlxnfsf]

;xeflutf, k|fylds lzIffsf] k|ltkmn, n}lËs c;dfgtfdf sdLsf ;fy} gofF lbzf / kl/:s[t lgltsf

;fy cfpg] cfzf ul/Psf] 5 .

cGt/f{li6«o k/fdz{bftfn] n}lËs n]vf ;e]{If0fsf] g]t[Tj ug]{5 / cem a9L ljlzi6 ?kdf lgDg

s'/fx?k|lt pQ/bfoL x'g]5 .

— TOR cg';"rLsf] cGtdf / lzIff ljefusf] tTjfjwfgdf TOR nfO{ /fli6«o k/fdz{bftfsf] ?kdf

lj:tf/ ug'{, /fli6«o k/fdz{bftfx?sf] lgo'lQm cGt ug'{ / pgLx?sf] sfdsf] lgl/If0f ug'{ .

— n}lËs kIfsf !& j6f c+ux?sf] ;ldIffnfO{ ;'b[9 ub}{ r/0fj4 sfo{ of]hgfsf] ljsf; ug'{ .

— g]kfndf dlxnf lzIff;+u ;DjlGwt k|ltj]bgx? tyf z}lIfs Joj:yfkgdf dlxnfx?sf]

;xeflutfnfO{ k'g/fjnf]sg ug]{

— s'g} ljlzi6 cWoog cfjZos k/]df jf sfof{Gjog ug{ k/]df /fli6«o k/fdz{bftfx?;+u sfd ug]{

— /fli6«o k/fdz{bftfx?;+u ;Dks{df /x]/ BPEP-II sf] ljBdfg lgltx? ljZn]if0f ug]{ d:of}bf

jgfpg] tyf clGtd ?k lbg]

— ljlzi6 ;'emfjx?sf] d:of}bf tof/ ug]{ / o;sf] jf/]df 5nkmn ug{ sfo{zfnf cfof]hgf ug]{

— dlxnfsf] e"ldsf z}lIfs Joj:yfkgdf s;/L ;'b[9 ug{ ;lsG5 eGg] jf/] ljBfno, lhNnf /

/fli6«o txdf ljleGg ;'emfjx? tof/ kfg]{ ;fy} Ifdtf clej[l4 / tflnd sfo{qmddf hf]8 lbg] .

— lzIff ljefudf sfo{/t dlxnfx?nfO{ kbf]GgtL ug{ n}lËs n]vf ;e]{If0f cEof;nfO{ df}sfsf]

?kdf k|of]u ug]{ .

sfo{ljlw

sfo{qmd nfu" ubf{ ;xeflutfd'ns Ifdtf lgdf{0f lqmofsnfkdf hf]8 lbg' kb{5 .

cGt/f{li6«o ;d"xsf] 6f]nL k|d'vnfO{ # dlxgfsf nflu s/f/df lnOg] 5 / rf/j6f p2]Zosf lgDtL

z'?df, jLrdf / cGtdf ljeflht ul/g] 5 . -;'emfjx?sf] d:of}bf km]a|'c/L @))@ eGbf kl5 x'Fb}g _

of]Uotf M

cGt/f{li6«o k/fdz{bftf n}lËs ;dfgtf / /0flgltsf ljifodf ljz]if1 x'g' kg]{5 . ;fy} z}lIfs If]qsf]

;+:yfut ljsf; / sd{rf/Lsf]] Ifdtf ljsf; ug{ ;Sg] Jojxfl/s cg'ej ePsf] x'g' kg]{5 .

n}lËs n]vf ;e]{If0f BPEP-II

/fli6«o k/fdz{bftfsf nflu TORs

c= lzIffsf] kx'Fr / k9fOsf] cjlw k"/f ug'{

93

BPEP-II efu !–* sf] lglt, /0fgLlt / k|efjsfl/tfsf] jf/]df ljZn]if0f ug{sf nflu cGt/f{li6«o

k/fdz{bftfx?;+u /fli6«o k/fdz{bftfx?n] ;dGjo ug{' kb{5 . efu @, #, $ / & k|fylds ljBfnodf

5fqfjf;x?sf] wf/0ff, kx'Fr / pknAwL ;fy} 5fqj[lQ vfB sfo{qmd / j}slNks lzIffsf s'/fx? ;+u

;DjlGwt 5g\ . lzIff ;bg sfo{qmd / ef}lts ;'ljwfsf] ;'wf/n] jflnsfsf] lzIffdf /fd|f] k|efj kfb{5 .

ljlzi6 sfo{x?

!+ lgltx?, /0fgLltx? / cfly{s ;xfotfsf ljifodf ;ldIff ug]{ . .

@= ;DjlGwt ljifo;+u ldNg] n]v,/rgf / k|ltj]bg cWoog ug]{ .

#= k|fylds lzIffsf] ljsf;df dlxnf lzIffsf] ;xhtfdf b]vf k/]sf sl7gfO{x? / n}lËs lgltx?sf]

sfof{Gjogsf] k|ult ;ldIff ug]{ .

$= sfo{qmdsf] Joj:yfkg / sfof{Gjogsf] jf/]df ljZn]if0f ug]{ .

%= kl/jt{g ug{ ;lsg] lglt / cEof;sf jf/]df yfxf kfpg ljlzi6 n}lËs cEof; ;[hgf u/]sf u}/

;/sf/L ;+:yfx?sf] k|ltj]bgnfO{ ;ldIff ug]{ .

^= lglt / Jojxf/sf] jLrsf] b'/Lsf] jf/]df hfgsf/L lng] / k|fKt s'/fx? ljZn]if0f ug]{ .

&= n}lËs ljlzi6 sfo{of]hgfsf nflu cNksfnLg, dWod / bL3{sfnLg ;'emfjx? lbg] .

*= BPEP-II n}lËs n]vf ;e]{If0fsf] nflu cGt/f{li6«o k/fdz{bftfx?;+u j;]/ ljZn]if0faf6 k|fKt

d:of}bfnfO{ clGtd ?k lbg] .

sfo{ljlw

— sfo{qmdsf] ljZn]if0f u/L ;'emfj lbbf pknJwL xfl;n u/]sf ;xefuL / ;/f]sf/jfnfx?;+u

5nkmn ug'{kb{5 .

— sfo{ If]q e|d0f ug]{ .

— ;d"x uf]i7L ;+rfng ug]{ .

— nIfLt ;d"x, / JolQmut cGt{jftf{,lng] tyf PRA, k|ZgfjnLx? tof/ ug]{ .

— k|ltj]bg tof/ kfg]{ .

Ifdtf lgdf{0f cEof;df ;]jf k'Ug] u/L ;e]{If0f x'g]5 . lzIffdf n}lËs ;dfgtfsf /0flglt /

ljZn]if0fsf nflu lzIff ljefudf k]zfut dlxnfx?sf] sfo{Ifdtf a9fpg] vfnsf] nIo x'g'kb{5 .

pknlJw

— lzIffdf kx'Fr / k|fylds tx k'/f ug]{sf] b/sf] jf/]df ;f/f+z ;lxtsf] k|ltj]bg . .

— clGtd ;'emfj / d'Vo l/kf]6{df cGt/f{li6«o k/fdz{bftf;+u 5nkmn u/L k|fKt lg:sif{ .

— ;xeflutfd'ns k|lqmofåf/f sfo{of]hgfsf] ljsf;

cfjZos ;Lk / cg'ej

— n}lËs ljZn]if0fsf] lglt, /0fgLlt, sfof{Gjog / k|efjsf/Ltfdf ;Lk tyf cg'ej .

— ;fd'bflos :t/df sfd u/]sf] cg'ej .

— ;/sf/L sd{rf/L;+u sfd u/]sf] cg'ej .

— c+u|]hL / g]kfnLdf /fd|f];+u n]Vg] / jf]Ng] .

— ;+rf/, JolQm ;Dks{ / ;d"xdfsfd ug]{] ;Lkdf lgk'0f .

— z}lIfs If]qdf cg'ej ePsf]df cem /fd|f] .

94

;dfojlw

— l8;]Da/ @))! b]lv clk|n @))@ ;Dd %) lbg . of] jLrdf cGo lbg klg ;Dej eP s[kof

pNn]v ug'{ .

— l8;]Da/ !, @))@ af6 sfo{qmd z'? x'g] .

:yfg

n}lËs ;e]{If0f l6dn] lzIff ljefusf] (DOE) dlxnf ljsf; zfvfdf sfd ug]{5 hxfF ;fdfu|L / ;xof]u

pknAw u/fOG5 .

lgj]bg

JolQmug ljj/0f (CV) ;lxt lgj]bgsf] lr7L ;Dej eP O{–d]n 7]ufgf (ecbpep@mos.com.np) df

n}lËs n]vf ;e]{If0f l6d, C/O o"/f]lkog sld;g, lzIff ;dGjo clkm; kf]=j= *(&% O=lk=l;= !((#

dLg ejg a; :6k hfjnfv]n nlntk'/df !# gf]e]Da/ @))! ;Dddf k7fpg' kg]{5 .

dlxnfx?nfO{ ljz]if u|fXotf lbOg] 5 .

cS6f]a/ !^, @))@

95

96

kl/lzi6—#

n}lËs cWoog÷;e]{If0f ljlw / sfo{of]hgf

n}lËs cWoog÷;e]{If0f If]q sfo{ ljlw ldlt k|ltkmn÷pknAwL

r/0f ! sfuhL n]v]sf] ljZn]if0f

n}lËs ljifodf ;/sf/sf] sfg'gL cjwf/0ff

s] xf] <

gjf}F / bzf}F of]hgfdf ;DjlGwt s'/fx?

h:t} !* l8;]Da/ EFA, j]lhË / 8fs/

;Dd]ng / lzIff @))! lgodfjnLdf

ePsf s'/fx?sf] k'g/fjnf]sg

!* l8;]Da/

@))!

/fli6«o lgltsf] jf/]

lnlvt c+z

@= BPEP sf] lglt of] 9fFrf;+u d]n vfG5 <

sfuh kqx?df o;jf/] s] k|df0f 5 <

BPEP-II sf] k'g/fjnf]sgnfO{ BPEP-II ;+u

/fv]/ x]g{ kg]{ x'g ;S5 .

@* l8;]Da/ BPEP-II jf/] lnlvt c+z

#= k|fylds / dfWoflds lzIffdf

dlxnf÷5fqfsf] ;+Vof j[l4 ug{ BPEP n]

s;/L lglt nfu' ug]{ of]hgf jgfof] <

ltgLx?sf] sfof{Gjog of]hgf s] lyof] <

tL of]hgfx? nlIft p2]Zo xfl;n ug]{

vfnsf / pbfx/0f ;lxt n}lËs ljifodf

lyP <

n}lËs ljlzi7tf, n}lËs ld>0f jf

cGwfw'Gw p2]Zox?sf] ljZn]if0f

!= kx'Fr / wf/0ff

@= l;sfO{ pknAwL

#= Ifdtf lgdf{0f

@* l8;]Da/ BPEP-II sf] lgDg If]qx?

!= kx'Fr / ;xhtf

@= l;sfO{sf] pknAwL

#= Ifdtf lgdf{0f

/ !& c+zx?df ePsf

p2]Zo, lglt, cg'udg /

kfngf jf/] n}lËs n]vf

;e]{If0fsf] lnlvt c+z M

$= !& j6} c+zsf k|To]s p2]Zox?, Ifdtf

j[l4 –kx'Fr / wf/0f, u'0f:t/Lo lzIffdf

;'wf/, ;+:yfut Ifdtf lgdf{0f, n}lËs

ljlzi7tf, cn}lËs oL OTofbL s'/fx? s'g

xb;Dd lyP < s] oL plNnvt s'/fx?

:ki6 5g\ jf 5}gg\ <

jxL 9fFrfsf] lj:t[t of]hgf Pg]S;–! /

Pg]S;–# sf] k'g/fjnf]sg

!* l8;]Da/ BPEP-II sf] lgDg If]qx?

!= kx'Fr / ;xhtf

@= l;sfO{sf] pknAwL

#= Ifdtf lgdf{0f

/ !& c+zx?df ePsf

p2]Zo, lglt, cg'udg /

kfngf jf/] n}lËs n]vf

;e]{If0fsf] lnlvt c+z M

%= n}lËs ljlzi7tfsf] c+z, ldl>t lnË,

n}lËs :jtGqtf jf cn}lËs jf s'/fx?

/fli6«o jf lhNnfsf lqmofsnfkdf

;DjlGwt lyP <

k|;+u ceof; P &! /fli6«o P &! lhNnf

:t/sf] lqmofsnfk

lqmofsnfkx?sf] n}lËs

ljZn]if0f c+z

^= !& j6f c+z;+u ;DjlGwt tLg j6f If]qdf

ePsf lqmofsnfkx? n}lËs b[li6sf]0faf6

x]bf{ To;sf] k|ltkmn s] 5 < n}lËs

klxrfg, jfwf cjwf]/x? h:t} ;+:yfut,

lzIfs tflnd, cfly{s, wf/0ffut /

sfo{ljlwdf ;xof]u sf] jf/]df k|fKt

k|ltkmn ;kmn ePg ls <

TPR, TP, EC sfo{bnsf] l/kf]6{sf]

sfuhkq, MTR F;j]{If0fsf] cjnf]sg ug]{

sfo{If]q lgl/If0f / nlIft ;d"x;+usf]

5nkmn yk k|df0fsf] ?kdf pknAw ug'{

kg]{

@* l8;]Da/ n}lËs n]vf ;j]{If0fsf]

pknAwL / jfwf /

cj/f]w jf/] lnlvt c+z

&= oL ;dfgtfsf ljifox?df BPEP n] slt

k|ltzt jh]6 5'6\ofPsf] lyof] jf 5 < -

blnt / u/Lj jRrfx?nfO{_ jh]6sf] slt

k|ltzt s]6f / s]6Lx?sf] nflu oL s'/fx?

BPEP 98-02 Vol-91 of]hgfsf] jh]6

;DjlGw sfuhkq k'g/fjnf]sg ug]{

@* l8;]Da/ jh]6 jfF8kmfF8 / vr{

;DjlGw n}lËs n]vf

;e]{If0fsf] lnlvt c+z

97

;d]6\g] u/L 5'6\ofOPsf] 5 <

ljZn]if0fsf] k"0f{ n]vg @* l8;]Da/ cfkm"nfO{ lhDdf lbPsf]

zfvf d:of}bf k"/f ug'{

kg]{5

r/0f @ jfwf cj/f]wx? / r'gf}tLsf] klxrfg

ASIP-2002-3 SF NFLU /0flglt to

*= oL jfwf cj/f]wx?sf] d"Vo r'gf}tL s] x'g\

/ o;nfO{ k/f:t ug{ s] s] /0flgltx? to

ug]{ <

sfo{If]q e|d0f 5 lbg

cg';Gwfg ;fdfu|Lsf] ljZn]if0f M

cGtjf{tf{sf] cfwf :j?k nlIft ;d"x jf

lzIfsx?;+u, cfdf, af, s]6f, s]6L, ;d"x

cEof;, lhNnfsf lzIff ljsf; (DOE)

zfvfdf ;xeflutfd"ns 5nkmn

cg';Gwfg ;fdfu|Lsf]

tof/L / cg'lnlk

(= oL cj/f]wx?nfO{ x6fpg] >f]tx? s] x'g\ <

o;sf nflu dfgj >f]t / cfly{s pkfo

s] x'g <

sd{rf/Lsf] cfjZostf, sd{rf/L tflndsf]

cfjZostf / o;sf] nflu cfjZos

jh]6sf] jf/]df k|f/lDes ljZn]if0f WES / DOE ;+u 5nkmn

dfgj>f]tsf] cfjZostf

/ cfly{s pkfox?sf]

lnlvt c+z

!)= ASIP 2002-3 df ;dfj]z ul/g] /0flglts

;'emfjx? s] s] x'g\ <

k|f/lDes ;'emfjx?sf] d:of}bf jgfpg] hgj/L !*,

@))@

ASIP 2002 sf nflu

lnlvt k|/flDes

/0flglts ;'emfjx?

r/0f #= lj:t[t sfo{of]hgf / cg';Gwfgsf] ljsf; !!= k|fylds lzIffdf 5fqfx?sf] kx'Fr /

pknAwLsf] nflu n}lË c;Gt'ng / e]befj

x6fpg AWP-2002-3 df s] s:tf n}lËs

ld>0f, /0flglts p2]Zox? lqmoofsnfkx?

Pj+ cg'udg h:tf sfo{qmdx? ;+nUg

ul/g' kb{5 <

WES / DOE ;+u 5nkmn u/]/ AWP df

;dfj]z ug{sf nflu pko'Qm sfo{qmdx?

to ug]{

lnË, ldl>t / ljz]if

n}lËs sfo{qmdx?sf]

d:of}bf ljlzi6 p2]Zo,

cg'udg tyf Ifdtf

b]vfpg] sfo{qmd;+u

tof/ ul/Psf] !@= @))@–# sf] /0flgltx? p2]Zo /

sfo{qmdnfO{ ;xof]u ug{ AWP df s]

s:tf >f]tx? ;dfj]z ug'{ k5{ <

WES / DOE sf sfo{qmdx?df ;xof]u

ug]{ .

AWP 2002-3 ;+nUg x'g

WES n] nfut d"No

tof/ u/]sf] 5 .

!#= k|fylds lzIffdf dlxnfx?sf] e"ldsf j[l4

ug{ / n}lËs c;dfgtf x6fpg cGo s]

s:tf cg';Gwfgx?sf] cfjZostf 5 <

cGo cWoogsf] nflu of] ul/Psf]

cg';Gwfgaf6 ;Nnfx ldN5

k|:tfljt / cg';Gwfgsf]

j0f{g / ;"lrL .

-;g\ @))@–$ cfly{s

jif{sf] nflu cwoog

;dfj]z_

r/0f $ k|ltj]bg n]vg n}lËs ;e]{If0fsf] k|ltj]bg n]Vg] * dfr{ k|ltj]bg

98

^=) lg:sif{ / ;'´fjx?

n}lËs cWoogsf] lg:sifdf k'Ug] s|ddf,lzIff tyf v]ns'b dGqfno / lZfIff ljefun] k|fKt u/]sf

pNn]Vo pknlAwx?sf ;fy} ltgn] ;fdgf ug'k/]sf r'gf}tLx?sf] ;+If]k of] cWofodf k|:t't

ul/Psf] 5 . dGqfno tyf ljefusf ljleGg c+ux?sf] Ifdtf clej[l4sf] nflu cfjZos

;'emfjx?sf] ;f/f+z klg k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 .efaL nIox? k|fKt ug]{ xf] eg], 5'6\6} dlxnf lzIff

zfvf dfkm{t aflnsfx?sf] sfo{qmdx? sfof{Gjog ug]{ kl/kf6LnfO{ 5f]8\g'k5{ . o;sf] ljsNkdf

lzIff dGqfno tyf ljefusf ;Dk"0f{ gLlt tyf ljefu Pj+ zfvfsf sfd sf/jflxdf n}lËs

;+of]hg ub}{ nfg] / sfof{Gjog ug]{ ;+:yfnfO{ klg ;f]lx cg';f/ ug{ k|f]T;fxg lbg'kg]{ of] cWoog

bnsf] ;'´fj /x]sf] 5 . lzIff ljefudf lzIffdf n}lËs ;+of]hg Nofpgsf ;fy} n}lËs gLltsf]

ljsf; ug{ !) a+'b] sfo{of]hgf k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 . ljefudf n}lËs ;+of]hg ug{ cfjZos

sfo{x?sf] klg pNn]v ul/Psf] 5.

^=! pknAwLx?

>L % sf] ;/sf/n] j[xt / b]zJofkL ?kdf cfwf/e"t lzIff k|bfg ug{ :yfkgf u/]sf ;+/rgfx?

pknlAwk"0f{ 5g\ . k|fylds ljBfnosf ()Ü ljBfyL{x?sf] ljBfno ;Ddsf] b'/L dfq !%–()

ldg]6sf] /x]sf]5 . afn–aflnsf b'a} :jo+ -v'b_ egf{ b/df ;'wf/ b]lvPsf] 5 . oBkL pNn]Vo

n}lËs c;dfgtf eg] cem} ljBdfg 5 . afn–aflnsf aLrsf] 1fg tyf z}lIfs pknAwLx?df vf;}

leGgtf 5}g . dlxnf lzIff zfvfn] ;~rfng u/]sf] k|f]T;fxgd"ns sfo{qmdn] aflnsfx?sf]

ljBfno egf{df j[l4 NofPsf] 5 . aflnsfx?nfO{ lzIff lbg] cfjZostfsf af/]df dfq x}g ls

pgLx?n] ;fdgf ug'{k/]sf cK7\of/fx?sf] af/]df klg r]tgf a9]sf] 5 . To;sf ;fy} s]lx ;fF:s[lts

/ cfly{s cj/f]wx? Smd ug]{ tl/sfx? Kflg kQf nfu]sf 5g\ . ljs]Gb|Ls/0fsf] a9]bf] k|lqmof ;+u;+u}

dlxnfx?sf] ;xeflutfnfO{ ;'lglZrt ug'kg]{ r]tgf klg a9\b} uPsf] 5 . lzIff Joj:yfkg tyf

;"rgf k|0ffnLn] pknJw u/fPsf] ;dfj]z tYofÍx? dxTjk"0f{ ePklg cg'udgsf] nflu of] ck"0f{

;flat ePsf] 5.

^=@ r'gf}tLx?

;fF:s[lts / cfly{s sf/0fx?n] ubf{ c´ klg sltko lhNnfx?df 5fqfx?sf] egf{ pT;fxk|b

5}g.Pp6} ;d"xdf kg]{ 5fq5fqfx?aLr klg leGgtf b]lvG5.h:t} blnt tyf s'g} ljz]if eflifs

tyf ;fF:s[lts ;d"x / ckfËx?s} ;d'xdf klg ljBfno hfg] aflnsfx?sf] ;+Vof ltg} ;d"xsf

afnsx?sf]] eGbf lgs} sd 5 . o; kIfsf] c´ glhsaf6 lg/LIf0f x'g' h?/L b]lvG5 .

^=@=! ljz]if k|f]T;fxgdns sfo{qmdx?

ljz]if k|f]T;fxgsf sfo{qmdx? pko'Qm 5g\ t/ ef]hgo'St 5fqfjf; sfo{s|d -Feeder Hostel

Programme_ n] b'u{d If]qsf aflnsfx?nfO{ tflnd lbO{ lzlIfsf agfpg] cfkm\gf] nIo k"/f ug]{ xf]

eg],cfkm\gf] sfo{s|dx?df pNn]vgLo ;'wf/ Nofpg'kg]{ b]lvG5 . 5fqj[lQ sfo{qmd k|efjsf/L ePtf

klg o;sf] p2]Zo ;LdLt 5. Psflt/ :yfgLo tyf k|fylds txdf lbOg]] 5fqj[lQsf] /sd w]/}

sd 5 eg] csf]{lt/ o;sf] nfe p7fpg]x?sf] ;+Vof klg TolQs} ;fgf] 5. To;f] t, xfn !@ j6f

lhNnfdf ;a}nfO{ ;d]6\g] lx;fan] sDan z}nLdf (blanket approach) sfo{qmdx? z'? ePsf 5g\ .

99

t/ s]lx ;do otf dfcf]jfbLx?n] aflnsfx?nfO{ cfkm\gf] ;d"xdf ;fd]n u/fpg cfyL{s k|nf]eg

b]vfpg] ;Defjgf klg TolTfs} a9]sf] 5. h;n] ub{f yf]/} /sdsf] 5fqj[QL lb+bflb+b} klg

5fqfx?sf] ljBfno egf{df gsf/fTds c;/ kg{ ;S5 .

^=@=@ lzIfs tflnd

cS6f]a/ @))! ;Dddf ^) lhNnfdf :yflkt !)#% ;|f]t s]Gb|x?df lgoldt lzIfs tflnd

;~rflnt lyP . rfn' cfly{s jif{df &% j6} lhNnfsf !@&% j6f ;|f]t s]Gb|x?df tflnd ;~rfng

x'g]5 . s]lx cg'elj lzIfsx?sf] nfuL t of] klxnf] tflnd x'g]5 . kf7 of]hgf agfpg,;d"xdf

sfd ug{ tyf gof z}lIfs ;fdfuL ljsf; ug{ tflndn] lgs} ;xof]u k'¥ofPsf] s'/f cGt/jftfs]f

s|ddf lzIfsx?n] atfP. k|lzIfs tyf >f]t JolQmx?sf]] egfO cg';f/ tflnddf l;s]sf s'/fx?

slxn]sfxL ;fdfu|Lx?sf] cefjn] Jojxf/df Nofpg s7Lg x'G5 . >f]t JolQm tyf k|lzIfsx? b'j}n]

cfkm\gf] Ifdtf clej[l4sf] nflu tflndsf] ;dofjlw a9fpg cg'/f]w u/]sf lyP\. Tfflnddf n}lËs

cjwf/0ff ;DaGwL leGb} kf7\oqmdsf] ljsf; ul/Psf] lyPg. n}lËs ljifoj:t'nfO{ o:tf lgoldt

tflndx?df cem j9L :f+of]hg ug{ plrt x'Gf]]5 .

z}lIfs ljsf;sf nflu /fli6«o s]Gb|n] (NCED) dlxnf nced k|lzIfsx?sf] pkl:ylt c;fwf/0f

lsl;dn] Go'g b]lv+bf klg o;nfO{ c´} ulDe/tfk'j{s lnOPsf] klO+b}g.of] Psbd lrGtfsf] ljifo

x]f . lzIffdf dlxnfsf] kx'r a9fpgsf ;fy} dlxnf lzIfsfx?sf] tflnd / ;xof]usf] cg'kft

a9fpg] xf] eg] z}lIfs Joj:yfsf] x/]s I]fqdf dlxnfsf] b[li6sf]0f cfjZos 5 . o; I]fqdf n}lËs

c;dfgtfn] hGdfpg] gsf/fTds c;/af/] r]tgfsf] sdL v6\lsPsf] 5 . o;sf] nflu -Pg l; O

l8_ NCFD, CDC -l; l8 ;L_ tyf -l8 O ;L_ DEC h:tf sfo{jfxs ;+:yfsf ;fy} lzIff

ljefusf ;Dk"0f{ ljefu tyf zfvfx?df klg c´ Jofks ?kdf n}lËs ;+of]hgdf Wofg lbg' h?/L

eO{;s]sf] 5 .

^=@=# dlxnf lzlIfsfx? M

k|To]s k|fylds ljBfnodf slDtdf klg Ps hgf dlxnf lzlIfsf /fVg] gLlt bjfjsf] cefjn] k'gM

lgis[o aGb} uPsf] 5. cem}klg *))) ljBfnox?df Ps hgf klg dlxnf lzlIfsf 5}gg\ eg]

k|fylds txsf] s'n cWofkg hgzlQmsf] @%=#Ü efu dfq dlxnf lzlIfsfx?n] cf]u6]sf 5g\ . sf]k

-COPE) h:tf u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx?n] cgf}krfl/s lzIff sfo{qmdx? ;~rfng ug]{ s|ddf cfk"mn]

sfd ug]{ ;d'bfodf of]Uotf ePsf oy]i6 5fqfx? Ef]6\g ;kmn ePsf 5g\. To;}n] cWoog 6f]nLn]

dxz'z u/]h:t} dlxnf lzlIfsfx?sf] ljBfnodf lgo'Qm gxg'df /fhgLlts tyf ;f+:s[lts

sf/0fx? lhDd]jf/ x'g ;S5g\.To;}n] pRr kbx?df c´ al9 dlxnfx? kUg' cfjZos 5 .

To;/L g} cg'elj lzlIfsfx?nfO{ k|wfgfWofks kbdf cfj]bg lbg k|f]T;fxg ug'{k5{ .

^=@=$ lzIffsf] u'0f:t/ M

kl/rfng cleofg,dlxnf lzlIfsfx?sf] lgo'lQm / k|f]T;fxg, h:tf sfo{s|dx? Ps;fy nfu' ug{

;s]df 5fqfx?sf] ljBfno egf{df lgs} ;sf/fTds c;/ kfg{ ;lsG5.t/ cleefjsx? 5f]/LnfO{

ljBfno k7fpg] ls gk7fpg] eGg] lg0f{o, ;fdflhs / cfly{s cfwf/df u5{g\ . pgLx?sf] lg0f{o,

5f]6f] cjlwsf] cfly{s 3f6f / nfdf] cjlwsf ;fdflhs tyf cfly{s kmfObfsf] d'NofÍgdf

100

cfwfl/t xG5g\ . bL3{sfnLg kmfObf gx'g] cj:yfdf cfkm\gf] Go"g cfo vr{ ug{ grfxg' :jfefljs

klg xf] .

o:tf] cj:yfdf, n}lËs ;+j]bgzLn lzIf0f ljlw,kIfkft/lxt z}lIfs ;fdu|Lx? sf ;fy} n}lËs ?kn]

;+j]bgzLn tyf ;xof]uL lzIfs lzlIfsfsf] pkl:yltn] 7"nf] dxTj af]s]sf] x'G5 . sIff sf]7fsf]

jftfj/0f klg lzlIfsf tyf 5fqf ;xfpbf] x'g'k5{ . zf}rfno tyf –sDkfp08_ kvf{nh:tf cGo

ef}lts ;'ljwfx?n] klg ;sf/fTds k|ltkmn lbGf] lglZrt 5 . n}lËs d'2fdf ;+j]bgzLn ljBfno

Joj:yfkgn] z}lIfs Joj:yfs} cfGtl/s ;Ifdtf / k|efjsfl/tf a9fpg pNn]vlgo e"ldsf v]N5

. kl/0ffd:j?k cleefjsnfO{ klg cfkm\gf 5f]/f5f]/L b'j}nfO{ ljBfno k7fpg k]|l/t ug]{5 .

^=@=% z}lIfs Joj:yfkgdf ;dtf M

n}lËs cWoog 6f]nLn] k/LIf0f bnn] z}lIfs Joj:yfkgdf dlxnfx?sf] Go"g pkl:yltnfO{

ulDe/tfk"j{s lnPsf] 5 . cfO{=P= -IA) N]f Kftf nufPsf s'/fx? / ;"´fjx?;+u ;xdt 5 . >L %

sf] ;/sf/ tyf bft[ kIfsf] dWofjlw ;dfnf]rgfsf] klg ;dy{g ug{ rfxG5, .

h; cg';f/ M dfgj ;|f]t ljsf; æ-HRD) of]hgf n}lËs ;r]ttf tflnddf dfq ;LdLt g/xL,

oyfy{d} dlxnfx?nfsf] lg0fo{ zlStsf] kx'r ljBfno:t/af6 dfly p7fpb} lzIff dGqfno tyf

ljefusf]] tx;Dd k'¥ofpg sl6a4 x'g'k5{ . o;sf] nfuL of]hgfsf] k"g/fjnf]sg h?/L b]lvPsf] 5

. dlxnfx?nfO{ sfof{Gjog ug]{ txaf6 gLlt lgdf{0f ug]{ tx;Dd k'¥ofpgsf] nflu lzIff tyf

v]ns"b dGqfno, dlxnf g]t[Tj ljsf;df k"0f{ k|ltj4 x'g'kg]{5 .Æ -dfr{ @))@, k[i7 !@_

n}lËs d'n k|jflxs/0fsf cjwf/0ffx?nfO{ a'´\g / Jojxf/df nfu' ug{ , n}lËs ;r]ttf clt

cfjZos ePsf] cWoog 6f]nLsf] ljZjf; 5 . o;sf] nfuL n}lËs cWoog 6f]nLn] lghfdlt ;]jfsf]

lgo'lQm, tflnd / a9'jf ;DalGw lgoddf k'g/fjnf]sgsf] k|:Tffj u/]sf] 5 . To:t} dlxnfx?sf]

g]t[Tj / gLlt lgdf{0f sfo{df bIftf Nofpg pko'Qm tflndsf] Joj:yf ug{ klg ;'emfj lbPsf] 5 .

aflnsfx?sf] lzIffdf kxF'r a9fpg, pgLx?sf] 1fg / z}lIfs pknlAwdf klg ;'wf/ Nofpg

rfNg'kg]{ sbdx?sf] ;'´fj lb+b} y'k|} k|ltj]bgx? tof/ ePsf 5g\ cyf{t k|ltj]bgsf] s'g} sdL

5}g . To:Tf} ljBfnodf dlxnf lzlIfsf lgo'Qm ug]{ h:tf gLltx? Kflg cfkm\g} 7fpdf 5g\ . oL

;'emfax? dfq sfof{Gjogsf] kvf{Odf 5g\ . jf:tadf xfd|f w]/}h:tf] l;kmfl/;x? klg clwNnf

k|ltj]bgx?s} k|ltWjgL x'g\ . To;}n] xfdL, ;/sf/nfO{ s]jn sfof{Gjogs} nfuL ulDe/ x'g cg'/f]w

ug{ rfxG5f} .

^=# ;'emfj tyf l;kmfl/;x? M–

aflnsfx?sf] lzIffsf] af/]df y'k|} cg;Gwfgx? e};s]sf 5g\ . To;}n] xfdL cf=k|f=lz=k=bf];|f] nfO{

ca gLlt Pj+ sfof{Gjogdf k|ToIf c;/ kfg]{ vfnsf sfod'ns cg';gwfgx? Afl9 ug{ l;kmfl/;

ub{5f} . ljBfnodf aflnsfx?sf] ;'/Iff / cem pgLx? lszf]/cj:yf k'Ubfsf] ;'/Iffsf] jftfj/0f,

of] laifodf clt sd cg';Gwfg ePsf] b]lvG5 . of] ;+j]bgzLn ljifoj:t'df cem al9

cg';Gwfgsf] vfrf] 5 .;do ;dodf ljleGg b]zsf aflnsfx? k'?if lzIfs tyf 5fqx?af6 of}g

zf]if0fsf] lzsf/ ePsf] s'/f ;'lggdf cfpg] u5{ . kl/df0f:j?k, cleefjsx? cfkmgf 5f]/Lx?

101

lglZrt pd]/df k'u]kl5 ljBfno k7fpg lxrlsrfpg] u5{g\ . of] kIfnfO{ klg ljutdf eGbf cem

a9L Wofg lbg' cfjZos 5 .

^=#=! 5f]6f] cg';GwfgfTds cWoog M–

!= ljBfnodf aflnsfx?sf] ;'/Iffsf] jftfj/0fdf / pgLx?n] yfxf kfP/ jf gkfP/ x'g] u/]sf

of}g zf]if0f h:tf zfl/l/s ;'/Iff ;+u ;DalGwt 36gfx?sf] k|s[lt Pj+ tLj| ?kdf ePsf]

cWoog ug]{

@= n}lËs ;+j]bgzLntf / n}lËs lje]b ;DalGw ;~rfng ul/Psf k|df0fkq kbfg ul/g]

tflndx?sf] k'g/fjnf]sg ug]{ .

#= k|wfgcWofks kbdf a9'jf x'gsf nfuL cfO{kg{] afwf Jojwfgx? KfQf nufpg cg'ejL

k|WofgWofksx?sf] ;j]{If0f ug]{ .

$= kf]if0fo'Qm vfB sfo{s|dn] egf{ tyf Ifdtf clej[lbdf kf/]sf] c;/sf] af/]df ;j]{If0f ug]{.

%= ;d'bfodf /x]sf ckf+Ë afn–aflnsfx?sf]] ljBfnodf egf{ x'g] , k|fylds tx k'/f ug]{ tyf

k9fO{ k'/f ug]{ k|ltzt :k:6 kQf nufpg ;j]{If0f ug]{ .

^= lhNnfsf] x/]s ljBfnoaf6 P; Pn ;L kf; u/]sf s]6Lx?sf] ;+Vof , lzIfsn] cfkmgf]

ljBfno ;d'bfodf u/]s]f ;j]{If0faf6 k|dfl0ft ug]{ . To:tf] ;'rgf lhNnf tyf s]lGb|o txdf

/fvL, kb vfnL ePsf] cj:yfdf cfj]bg lbg cfdGq0f ug]{ .

^=#=@= !& efudf lbO{Psf l;kmfl/;x?sf] ;f/f+z

oL !& efux?sf] ;Ifdtf clej[l4,l;sfO{sf pknlAw / kxF'r, k|efj / z}lIfs lg/Gt/tfsf] ljifodf

ul/Psf] ljZn]if0f, ljz]if ;'´fjx? ;lxt cg';'lr ! df /flvPsf] 5 . oL l;kmfl/;x? !* hgj/L

@))@ df lzIff ljefu tyf n}lËs cWoog ;d"xdf k|:t't ul/P cg';f/, P=P;=cfO=kL= -ASIP) sf]

cuf8L ;fl/Psf] 5 . lj:t[t ljj/0fsf] nflu cg';'lr # x]g'xf];\ . . o;sf cltl/Qm hgj/L @))@

df cfof]]lht dlxnfx?sf] ;~hfn sfo{zfnfdf k|:t't sfo{kqx?df lbO{Psf pko'St ;'emfjx?nfO{

klg cWoog bnn] cfjZostfg';f/ ;dfj]z u/]sf] 5 . jflif{s /0flglts of]hgf cGtu{t n}lËs

;dtfsf] cWofodf klg s]lx ;'emfjx? pNn]v ePsf] xF'bf of] cWoog ;d"x xlif{t 5 .

Ifdtf clej[l4

!= n}lËs O{sfO{÷ n}lËs -k|wfg_ s]Gb|df /fv]/ sfof{Gjog ug{d} dfq ;Lldt dlxnf lzIff

zfvfsf] e'ldsf / k|:tfjnfO{ k'g/fjnf]sg u/L gLlt lgdf{0f, ;Nnfx tyf cg'udg Pj+

d'Nofªsgdf j[xt agfpg' plrt x'G5 .

@= lzIff tyf v]ns'b dGqfno÷lzIff ljefusf ;a} ljefu, dxfzfvf / zfvfx?df n}lËs

;+of]hg ug]{ / sfof{Gjog ug]{ ;+:yfnfO{ klg To;} ug{ k|f]T;flxt ug]{ . k|To]s sd{rf/L

cfkm'n] u/]sf] sfo{af6 afn–aflnsf b'j}n] nfe k|fKt u/]sf] ;'lglZrt ug{ lhDd]jf/ x'g'kg]{5 .

#= dlxnf tyf k'?if b'j}nfO{ n}lËs cjwf/0ff / /0fgLlts of]hgf ;DalGw tflnd lbg] . z}lIfs

Jofj:yfkg / k|zf;gdf n}lËs ;dfgtf k|fKt ug{ dlxnf sd+{rf/LnfO{ Jofj;flostf

ljsf;sf] tflnd k|bfg ug{] .

$= dlxnf sd{rfl/sf] lgo'lQm ;xh agfpg lghfdlt ;]jf P]gx?sf] k'g/fjnf]sg ug]{ tyf k'?if

/ dlxnf b'j}n] nfe p7fpg] vfnsf] kl/jf/ ;'xfpbf] gLltx?sf] z'?jft ug]{ .

102

%= n}lËs ljifoj:t'nfO{ ljs]lGb|s/0f k|s[ofdf cfj4 ug]{ .

l;sfOsf pknlAwx? M–

!= k|fylds txdf clgjfo{ dlxnf lzlIfsf /fVg] gLlt nfu' ug]{ / dlxnf k|wfgcWofksx? lgo'Qm

ug]{ .

@= Joj;flos tyf k|fljlws k'?if / dlxnf sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ n}lËs ;r]ttf tflnd lbg] /

dlxnfx?sf] k]zfut ljsf;df ;3fp k'–ofpg] .

#= lzIfs tflnddf n}lËs ;r]ttf / hfu/0f ;DalGw ljleGg kf7\oqmd / zLif{sx?sf] ljsf;

ug]{ .

$= dlxnf k|lzIfs tyf ;|f]t Joltmx?sf] lgo'QmL ug]{.

%= k|fylds ljBfnox?df dlxnf k|WffgcWofks lgo'Qm ug]{.

^= d'NofªsgnfO{ lg/Gt/ sfod /fVg] .

&= k|fylds txsf kf7\ok':tsx?df ePsf] n}lËs e]b ;DjGwL ;fdfu|L x6fpg] .

kx'r / z}lIfs lg/Gt/tf

!= k|f]T;fxgd"ns sfo{s|dnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbg'sf ;fy} ef]hgo'St 5fqfjf; / 5fqj[lQ sfo{qmdsf]

k'g/fjnf]sg ug]{ .

@= ljz]if lzIff / lzIff ljsf; s]Gb| (EKP) sfo{qmd ;DalGw tYofÍx? 5'6\ofpg' .

#= aflnsf tyf lzlIfsfx?sf] lglZrt cfjZostf cg'?ksf] sIffsf]7fsf jftfj/0fdf ;'wf/

Nofpgsf ;fy} kfgL, zf}rfno tyf kvf{nx? Hf:tf ef}lts ;'ljwfsf] :t/df ;'wf/ Nofpg] .

$= ;fd'bflos kl/rfng sfo{qmdnfO{ lg/Gt/tf /fVg]] .

%= dlxnf ;fIf/tf sfo{qmdsf] k'g/fjnf]sg ug]{ .

^=$= cf=k|f=lz=k=bf];|f]df n}lËs ljifox? 5'§f5'§} 5g\ of Plss[t ul/Psf 5g\ M

xfdLnfO{ cg'/f]w ul/P cg'?k cf=k|f=lz=k=bf];|f]sf] sfo{Gjog of]hgf, /0flglt tyf !& j6f lglZrt

cj/f]wx?sf] -dWo:ttf_ n}lËs b[l:6sf]0faf6 ljZn]if0f Pj+ k'g/fjnf]sg u¥of} . ts{k"0f{ lx;fjn]

x]bf{ cj/f]wx? clxn] kfFrj6f dfq /x]sf 5g\= . of] cWoog bnn] k|:tfj u/]sf l;kmfl/;x?

sfof{Gjog u/], cf=k|f=lz=k=bf];|f]nfO{ kSs} klg cfkmgf] nIo k|fKt ug{ d2t ldNg]5 . h] eP klg

xfd|f] k|d'v lrGtf eg] sfo{qmddf n}lËs ;+of]hgsf] cefj g} xf] . cf=k|f=lz=k=bf];|f]sf] ;f]r /

sfo{sf] b[l:6n] k'?if s]lGb|t 5 . aflnsfx?sf] lzIffsf] d'2fnfO{ lk5l8Psf] / cNkdt ;d'xsf]

;d:ofsf] ?kdf /flvPsf] 5 . aflnsfx? ljBfnosf] s'n hg;+Vofsf] %)Ücf]u65g\ eg] pgLx?

klg sfo{s|dx?df afns ;+u;Fu} ;d]l6g' k5{ .

^=$=!=cf=k|f=lz=k=sf] ;+/rgf nlrnf] /x]sf] 5 . hxfF aflnsfx? klg afnsx? ;+u;+u} cuf8L a9\g

;s'g\ eGg] p2]Zo lnP/ laz]if sfo{qmdx?sf] 9fFrf tof/ kfl/Psf] 5 . aflnsfx?sf]] nfuL

k|]/0ffbfoL sfo{qmdx? ;+rfng ug]{ Pp6 5'§} O{sfO{ 5 . h'g j}rfl/s Pj+ ef}lts ?kn] klg lzIff

ljefusf] ejgaf6 5'§} /x]sf]n] d"nk|jfxsf sfo{qmdx?af6 klg leGg /x]sf] 5 .dlxnf lzIff

103

zfvfn] aflnsfx?sf] nflu laz]if sfo{qmdx? k|bfg ug]{ s|ddf, ljefu, dxfzfvf Pj+ zfvfx?

Efmg} aflnsfx?sf] cfjZostfk|lt Wofg k'¥ofpg'kg]{ cfkm\gf] bfloTjaf6 d'St ePsf] 7fGg ;S5g\ .

^=$=@= æljsf;df dlxnfÆPs sNof0fsf/L cjwf/0ff xf] . o;n] dlxnf tyf aflnsfnfO{ ;xof]u

ug]{ gLlt cuf8L ;f5{. t/ n}lËs ;dfgtf / ;zlQms/0f sf] l;4fGtn] eg] aflnsf tyf

dlxnfx?nfO{ ;dfhsf lglh tyf ;fj{hlgs b'j} If]qdf k'?if ;/x cfkm\gf] :yfg cf]u6\g ;3fp

k'¥ofp5.

^=$=#=cf=k|f=lz=k=bf];|f] jf:tjdf n}lËs ?kn] w]/} xb;Dd t6:y /x]sf] 5 . tyfkL o;sf] nIo

tyf gLltx?df n}lËs em'sfj e]l6G5 . s]6Lx?;Fu ;DalGwt lglZrt cj/f]wsf ;DaGwdf afx]s

/0fgLltx? Kf|fo t6:y g} 5g\ . s]xL nIox? n}lËs dxTjsf cfwf/df /flvPsf 5g\ . afn–

aflnsfx?n] sfo{qmdaf6 kfPsf kmfO{bfx?sf] n}lÍs cfwf/df d'Nofªsg ug{, cem} klg sltko

ljifo tyf If]qx?df c;Dej k|fo b]lvG5 . h:t} M pbfx/0fsf nfuL tflndk|fKt lzIfs /

lzlIfsfsf] ;+Vof 5'6\ofOPsf] h:t} lzIff ljsf; s]Gb|sf] sfo{qmddf jfn aflnsx?sf] ln+u klg

5'6\ofOb}g . :ynut lg/LIf0f tyf k|ltj]bgx?n] blnt ,cNk;Vos tyf ckfË 5fqx?sf] t'ngfdf

5fqfx?sf] xfhL/L lgs} sd b]lvG5 t/ tYofÍdf oL s'/fx? n}lËs cfwf/df 5'6\ofPsf] kfO{b}g .

Pd=l6=cf/= (MTR) sf] ;a}eGbf kl5Nnf] tYofªs klg n}lËs cfwf/df 5'6\ofPsf] kfO{b}g .

^=$=$= k|ltj]bgdf lzIfs, jfn jflnsf tyf k|lzIfsx?sf nflu k|of]u ul/Psf zAbx? Hofbf

Tf6:y 5g . c+u|]hLdf oL zAbx? b'j} ln+ËnfO{ a'emfpg] x'gfn] Jofjxfl/s ?kn] :k:6 pNn]v

gu/]df unt ;"rgf k|jfx x'G5 . h:t} cu|]hLsf] æl6r;{Æ zAb, lzlIfsx? / lzlIfsfx?df pNyf

x'G5 . To:t} csf]{ zAb lrN8«]g klg afnsx? / aflnsfx?df pNyf ug{ ;lsG5 . p2]Zo /

nIfx?sf] cg'jfb ubf{ s] b'j} ?kx? k|of]udf cfPsf 5g\ < ls cg'jfbdf vfnL k'lnË ?ksf] dfq

k|of]u ul/Psf] 5 < To;f] eP t aflnsfx?sf] cfjZostf a'´\g] / lzIfLsfx?nfO{ tflnd lbg]

cfjZoStf sf] af]w ug{ ufx|f] x'G5 . x]8 df:6/, df:6/ 6«]g/ h:tf :k:6 ?kdf k'?ifnfO{ aemfpg]

zAbx?sf] k|of]u /f]lsg' k5{ . b'ef{Uo jz, @))@ sf] nfuL (AWP) df klg Tolx lje]bk"0f{ efiff

bf]xf]¥ofOPsf] 5 .

^=$=% aflnsfx?sf] lzIffdf >L % sf] ;/sf/sf] k|ltj4tf gePsf] xf]O{g . t/ ljsf;df dlxnfsf]

k"0f{ ;xeflutf a9fpg] h:tf /0fgLltx?nfO{ aflnsfx?sf] lzIffsf] ljifo;+u ;DalGwt gu{gfn] ;f]

k|lta4tf lkmtnf] b]lvPsf] 5 .aflnsfx?sf] lzIffn], dlxnfsf] :t/ / :yfgdf j[l4 ug]{ ,b]z

ljsf;df dlxnfsf] k"0f{ ;xeflutf j9fpg] h:tf /0flgtL;Fu k|ToIf ;DaGw /fV5, >L % sf]

;/sf/n] clxn];Dd of] dxz'; u/]sf] 5}g . s]xL ckjfb afx]s clxn] ;Dd z}lIfs If]qdf

dlxnfx?nfO{ k|d'v k|jGws, gLlt lgdf{f0fstf{ / lg0f{ostf{ h:tf txx?af6 jlGrt ul/g' klg

o;sf] Pp6f pbfx/0f xf] .

^=$=^= aflnsfx?df ljz]if s]lGb|t /xL æ;a}sf] nfuL lzIffÆ sf] nIo k|fKt ug{ !) k|d'v

sfo{x?sf] k|:tfj ul/Psf] 5 . h:fn] lzIffdf plrt n}lËs ;+of]hg Nofpg] / d'n k|jflxs/0f

k|lsofdf ;3fp k'¥ofpg]5 . tL o; k|sf/ 5g\ M

lzIffdf n}lËs ;+of]hg / d'n k|jflxs/0f sf] nfuL !) sfo{x? lgDgfg';f/ /x]sf 5g\ M

104

! lzIff tyf v]ns'b dGqfno÷lZfIff ljefusf nfuL n}lËs gLltsf] ljsf;, ;xdtL / lj:tf/

ug]{,

@= sfo{Gjogdf dfq l;ldt /x]sf] lZfIff ljefusf] e"ldsf clxn] of]hgf, gLlt lgdf0f{ tyf

d'Nofªsgdf lj:tf/ ePsf] 5 . dlxnf lzIff zfvf klg n}lËs O{sfO{÷ n}lËs -k|wfg_

s]Gb|df kl/jt{g ePsf] 5 . l;kmfl/; ul/Psf oL kl/jlt{t cj:yfx?sf] cfwf/df dlxnfx?sf]

sf]if jf kx'FrnfO{ k'g M kl/eflift ug]{ .

#= x/]s ljefu, dxfzfvf, zfvf tyf z}lIfs Pj+ sfof{Gjog ug]{ ;+:yfx?df n}lËs ;+of]hg ug]{,

$= n}lËs cjwf/0ffdf s]lGb|t ljz]if, nIo / p2]Zox? lglZrt ug]{ / ;'kl/j]If0f / pknlAwsf

;'rsx? n}lËs cfwf/df eP gePsf] ;'lglZrt ug]{ .

%= ;j} tYofÍx? n}lËs cfwf/df 5'6\ofpg] .

^= dlxnf lzlIfsf ;DalGw gLlt sfof{Gjog ug]{ .

&= cfufdL kfFr jif{df #)Ü a9\g] ul/ x/]s txdf dlxnf Jofj:yfkssf] ;+Vof a9fpg] .

*= klt, kTgL / cleefjsnfO{ ldNg] ul/ lghfdlt ;]jf lgodjnLnfO{ kl/jf/ ;'xfpbf] agfpg

k'g/fjnf]sg ug]{ .

(= n}lËs ;dfgtfd"ns e"ldsfsf] s'/f ubf{cfbz{ JolStx?sf] pbfx/0f K|f:t't ug]{ / ;a} z}lIfs

;fdfu|Lx? n}lËs lje]baf6 d'Qm ePsf] ;'lglZrt ug]{ .

!)= n}lËs d'2fx?nfO{{ ;a} tflnddf ;dfj]z ug]{ .

lzIff tyf v]ns'b dGqfno / lZfIff ljefusf nfuL n}lËs gLlt M

lzIff tyf v]ns'b dGqfno / lZfIff ljefusf] nflu n}lËs gLlt agfpg of] cWoog bnn] cToGt

h?/L b]v]sf] 5 . n}lËs gLltn] x/]s ljefu, dxfzfvf, zfvf tyf sd{rf/Lx?sf] :k:6 dfu{

lgb]{zgdf ;3fp k'–ofpg]5 . o:tf] gLlt lgdf0f{ k|lsof cfkm}df klg Pp6f dxTjk"0f{ cEof;

;fljt x'g]5 . 5fqfx?sf] lzIffsf] dxTj bzf{pg dGqfno / ljefu sf] cfkm\gf] cfGtl/s ;+/rgfdf

n}lËs ;dtf Nofpg / sd{rfl/x?nfO{ klg pgLx?af6 ck]Iff ul/Psf sfdx?sf] :k:6 dfu{

lgb]{zgsf] nfuL of] gLltn] ;xof]u ug]{5 . of] gLlt em§ x]bf{ tn pNn]v ul/Psf] jfSof+z ;Fu

ldNg ;S5 t/ o;df ;xdt x'g y'k|}} 5nkmn clg k/fdz{ lng' plrt x'G5 .

ælzIff dGqfno dlxnfx?sf] :t/ / :yfg a9fpg k|lta4 5 . s'g} hghftL, wd{ ;+:s[lt / eflifs

leGgtfsf cfwf/df e]befj gul/ ;a} aflnsfx? ;fy} afnsx?sf] nfuL ;j{;'ne lg Mz'Ns lzIff

k|bfg ug{ klg k|lta4 /x]sf] 5 .

sfo{k|0ffnL, lgo'lQm, tflnd tyf a9'jf k|s[of Vf'nf / kf/bzL{ x'g'sf ;fy} n}lËs ;dfgtfdf

cfwfl/t x'g]5g\ . h;af6 k|To]s sd{rfl/x?n] kmfObf p7fpg ;s'g\ . x/]s ljefu, dxfzfvf,

zfvf tyf sfof{Gjog ug]{ ;+:yfsf sd{rf/L rfx] k'?if x'g\ of dlxnf, cfkmgf] sfo{af6 jflnsf /

afns b'j}nfO{ kmfObf k'Ug] s'/f ;'lglZrt ug{ lhDd]jf/ x'g]5g\ .Æ

^=%= ;+zf]lwt n}lËs kFx'r M–

dlxnf lzIff zfvf j}rfl/s Pj+ ef}lts ?kn] cnu x'g'k5{ lsgeg] M

105

æ dlxnfnfO{ ljsf;df ;dfof]hg ug{ ljleGg ;/sf/n] cflwsfl/stf k|bfg ubf{ klg ;/sf/L

;+oGqx?n] af/fDaf/ ckof{Kt cg'bfg ,sd{rf/Lsf] cefj / ;DalGwt lgsfox?sf] d"n k|jfxsf

sfo{x?nfO{ dxTj glbg] h:tf ;d:ofx? Eff]Ub} cfPsf] 5 .Æ -uf]Oh, !((&M&&_

n}lËs ;+of]hgsf] pknJwLsf nflu dlxnf lzIff zfvfn] k|fKt ug{,WES n] xfn lgefpb} cfPsf]

e"ldsf / k|efjnfO{ k'g/fjnf]sg ug'{ h?/L ePsf] s'/f xfd|f] cWoog 6f]nLn] k|:tfj u/]sf] 5 .

k|fljlws 6f]nLn] klg olx s'/fdf hf]8 lbPsf] 5 .

ælhNnf lzIff sfof{non] of]hgf lgdf{0f ,Joj:yfkg, sfof{Gjog / lhNnf :tl/o s[ofsnfksf]

cg'udg ug]{ h:tf cfkm\gf e'ldsf / bfloTjnfO{ kl/jt{g ul/ gLlt lgb]{zL{sf k|bfg ug]{,

/0fgLltx? Tfo ug]{, :t/ lgwf{/0f ug{] . ;xof]uL s[ofsnfkx?sf] of]hgf agfpg] tyf kl/0ffdx?sf]

cg'udg ug]{ .Æ

o;df cfPsf] kl/jt{gn] dlxnf lzIff zfvfn] lhNnf lzIff sfof{non sf] Ps zfvfsf] x}l;otn]

kmfObf p7fpg ;S5 . To;sf ;fy} a9'jf, n}lËs ;dfgtfsf] sfof{Gjog / cg'udgdf klg ;f]xL

lsl;dsf] e"ldsf lgefpg ;S5 .

^=^=! dlxnfnfO{ laz]if sfo{qmdx? dfkm{taf6 cuf8L ;fl/Psf] æljsf;df dlxnfÆ sf]

cjwf/0ffnfO{ abNg] a]nf cfPsf] 5 . To;sf] ;§fdf h]08/ PsLs[t cjwf/0ffsf]] lasf; ul/g'k5{ .

h;af6 ;Dk"0f{ ljefu, dxfzfvf Pj+ zfvf tyf sfof{Gjog ug]{ ;+:yfx?n] cfkm\gf] cfGtl/s

;+u7g / ;]jfdf n}lËs ;+of]hgsf] gLlt cjnDag ug]{5g\ . xfn;Dd ul/Psf k|of;x? eGbf, of]

j9L Jofks / j9L /0flglts x'g]5 . ;fy} o;sf] :yfg , n}lËs OsfO ÷, n}lËs -k|wfg_ s]Gb| /

sd{rfl/x?sf] >]0fL lgwf{/0f ug]{ b]lv sd{rf/L k|d'v, gLlt lgdf{0f tyf lg0f{o k|lsofdf ;dfj]z

x'g'kg]{5 .

^=^=@ sfo{If]qnfO{ Jofks ?kdf lj:tf/ ug{ gfdnfO{ g} n}lËs OsfO jf, n}lËs -k|wfg_ s]Gb|sf]]

?kdf kl/jt{g ug{ pko'Qm xG5 .

^=^=#=dlxnf lzIff zfvfn] xfn ub{} cfPsf] ljz]if sfo{s|dx?sf] sfof{Gjog eljiodf eg]

8Jn'=O{=P;=(WES/GU's) sf] cg'ej / ;Nnfxsf] cfwf/df ;DalGwt lgsfo jf sfof{Gjog ug]{

;+:yfaf6 g} x'g' plrt x'G5 . dlxnf lziff zfvf jf h]08/ OsfO s]lGb|t ljGb'n] gLlt lgdf0f{df

k|efj kfg{ / n}lËs ljifoa:t'nfO{ d'nk|jfxdf Nofpg ljleGg /0fgLltsf lbzf lgwf{/0f ug{sf ;fy}

cem 7'nf] e"ldsf lgefpg klg d2t ug]{5 .

^=^=$= kl/jt{gsf] nflu ul/Psf] Ps dxTjk"0f{ sfo{ ePsf] xfd|f] cWoog bn :jLsf/ ub{5 . of]

k'g{;+/rgfnfO{ cufl8 a9fpg lhNnf lzIff sfof{nonfO{ ;xof]u / ;Nnfxsf] vfFrf] 5 .

^=&=lzIff tyf v]ns'b dGqfno / lzIff ljefudf n}lËs –h]08/_ ;+of]hg / d'n k|jflxs/0fM—olb

>L % sf] ;/sf/ dlxnfsf] :t/ / :yfg dfyL p7fpg, n}lËs lje]b x6fpg ;j{;'ne k|fylds

lzIffsf] nIo k|fKt ug{ ;Fflrs} ;+j]bglzn ePsf] xf] eg] s]lx d"ne"t sbd rfNg' h?/L 5 .

n}lËs ;+of]hgnfO{ cf=k|f=lz=k=bf];|f]sf] gLlt / Jojxf/df;dfj]z ug{]df dfq ;Lldt g/xL >L % sf]

;/sf/n] h]08/nfO{lzIff dGqfno / lzIff ljefusf]] d"nwf/fdf ;+of]hg ug'{ k5{ .

106

lzIffdf n}lËs d"nk|jflxs/0fdf s]lGb|t /xg] rf/ ;+:yf / ;+u7gx? o; k|sf/ 5g\ M

lzIff tyf v]ns'b dGqfno / lzIff ljefu

lhNnf lzIff sfof{nox?

bfqL ;d'bfox?

u}x| ;/sf/L ;=:yf / ;fd'bflos ;+:yfx?

^=&=!= z}lIfs ;+:yfx?sf] ;x;DaGwdf d"nk|jfxLs/0f M–

bftfx¿ cGo dGqfnox¿

n}lËs ;xof]u

bft[ ;d"x

]

/fli6«o :t/sf

dlxnf k|d'v

lzIff tyf v]ns"b

dGqfno÷ lzIff ljefu

n}lËs s]Gb| ljGb'

(Gender Focal Point)

lzIff ljefu / lhNnf

lzIff sfof{nodf /xsf

n}lËs -k|wfg_ s]Gbx?df

dlxnf k|d'vn]

Joj;foLx? k|bfg

ug{'kg]{

107

u}/;/sf/L lzIff tyf

;+:yfx¿ tyf v]ns'b

n}lËs / lzIff dGqfno /

;DjGwL sfd ug]{ lzIff ljefu

;fd'bflos lh=lz= sf / sfof{Gjog ug]{

;+u7gx¿ / :yflgo pgLx?sf lgsfox¿

u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yfx¿ pQ/bfoL_

lzIffdf n}lËs ;+of]hg / ;+:yfut ljsf; ug{, dfly b]vfOPsf ;+:yfx? Ps csf]{df;xefuL x'g'

h?/L 5 . o;df Jofj;flos s'zntf sf] klg cfjZostf 5 . s]lGb|o :t/df /x]sf h]08/ OsfO

/ h]08/ s]lGb|t ljGb'sf ;fy} lhNnf :t/df sfof{/t h]08/ ljifoa:t'df ljz]if bvn ePsf

sd{rf/Lx?n] ;f] cfjZostf k"lt{ ug]{5g . ;j}eGbf dflyNnf] txdf xfn;fn} lgo'Qm ePsL dlxnf

k|d'vn] cfjZos Joj;flxs ;xof]u k|bfg ug{ ;Sg] l5g\ . pgL /fli6«o :t/df /x]sf dGqfnox?df

h]08/ ;+of]hgnfO{ PsLs/0f ug{ klg pQ/bfoL l5g\ . ;+/rgf lgdf{0f / Joj:yfkg ug{ aflx/L

Jofj;flos ;xof]usf] klg cfjZos klg kg{ ;S5 .

^=&=!=! bft[ ;d'xn] n}lËs cWoognfO{ ;3fp k'¥ofpg lgdf{0f u/]sf] n}lËs cWoog tyf lg/LIf0f

;xof]uL bn ;fx|} g} k|efjsf/L /x\of] . lzIff ljefunfO{ ;xof]u ug{ / n}lËs d"nk|jflxs/0fsf

k|ultx?sf] hfgsf/L bfqL ;d"xdf k]z ug{ klg o;sf] lg/Gt/ cfjZos 5 .

h]08/ d"nk|jfx;+If0f sf] nfuL Ifdtf clej[lb ug'{sf] ;fy} c? 5f]6f] cjlwsf

k|f]h]S6÷sfo{qmdx?sf p2]Zo cg'?k cg'bfg lbg ;xof]uL x'g] s'/f bft[ ;d'xn] ;'lglZrt ug'{k5{

.Æ jfO/]g !((^,k]h $@_

^=&=!=@= cfjZos ;+/rgfx?sf] ljsf; ug{ / kl/jt{gx?sf] ;+of]hg ug{ tyf sfo{qmdsf]

cgfjZos l9nfO{ /f]Sg] h:tf sfo{x? laleGg txdf Ps}rf]6L cuf8L a9fpg'k5{ . ;f] nIo k|fKt

ug{ ljleGg ;+oGqx?sf] jf/]df;'emfj lbOPsf] 5 . cWoog bnn] laz]if u/L k|fylds lzIffdf

cfkmgf] Wofg s]lGb|t u–of] . To;n] dlxnfsf] :yfg / :t/df j[l4 ug{ cfjZos kl/jt{gx? Nofpg

tyf @))% ;Dddf n}lËs lje]b x6fpg] O=Pkm=P=-EFA_ sf] nIo k|fKt ug{ lzIff ljefusf] pRr

kb:y sd{rf/Lx?n] g]t[Tj k|bfg ug'{ k5{ .

k|fylds lzIff zfvfn] g} kl/jt{gsf] cfwf/e't lgltx? to u/f]; eGg] rfxgfn]g} klg laefusf]

pRr kb:y sd+{rf/Lx?nfO{ g} of] lhDd]jf/L ;'lDkPsf] 5 . klxnf] sbddf /fhkqfÍLt k|yd

>]0fLsf] sd{rf/L k|d'v ePsf] k|To]s zfvfaf6 jl/i7tfsf] cfwf/df k|ltlglwTj x'g] ul/ lzIff tyf

v]nsb dGqfno / lzIff ljefudf Pp6f sfo{ ;d"x :yfkgf ug]{ . o:tf] cj:yfdf lzIff ljefusf

dxflgb]{zsnfO{ k|d'v x'g k|fyldstf lbOg] 5 .

o; ;d'xsf] kl/jt{gsf] sfo{;lr tof/ ug{ cfjZos tLg k|dvf sfo{x? o; k|sf/ /x]sf 5g\ .

of] cWoog ;d'xn] kl/jt{sf nflu cufl8 ;f/]sf ltgj6f k|d'v sfo{x? o; k|sf/ 5gM

lhNnf n}lËs

k|wfg s]Gb|

-k|wfg_ ePsf

lgsfox?

108

k|d'v sfo{x?

!= lzIff tyf v]nsb dGqfno / lzIff ljefusf nflu pkoSt n}lËs gLltsf] ljsf; ug]{ .

h;n] dGqfno / ljefusf] n}lËs b[li6sf]0f :ki6 kfg'{sf ;fy} ;a} ljefu,dxfzfvf Pj+

zfvfsf lhDd]jf/L lgWff{/0f ug{sf ;fy} sd{rf/Lx?sf] pTf/bfloTj klg lglZrt ug]{5 .

@= n}lËs OsfO{÷jf n}lËs -k|wfg_ s]Gb|sf] :ki6 pQ/bfloTj, kf/blz{ lgo'lQm k|0ffnL /

;j{;Ddt sfo{ of]hgf agfpg, dlxnf lzIff zfvfsf] k'g/fjnf]sg ug'{sf ;fy} yk jn

lbg]5 .

#= a9LeGbf a9L dlxnf sd{rf/L egf{ ug]{ / pRr kbx¿df dlxnfx¿sf] kbf]Gglt a9fpg]

p2]Zon] sd{rf/L lgo'lSt, tflnd tyf kbf]GgtL k|s[ofx?sf] k'g/fjnf]sg ug]{ .

of] sfo{ ;d"xnfO{ o; k|ls|ofdf n}lËs -k|wfg_ s]Gb|÷n}lËs OsfO{åf/f ;xof]u k|fKt x'g]5 .

^=&=!=# To;sf ;fy} n}lËs ljifoj:t'nfO{ a' ]́/ sfof{nosf] ;f] ljifodf Wofg s]lGb|t u/fpg /

n}lËs ljifoj:tnfO{ ;d{yg ug]{ k|lta4tf ePsf] k'?if of dlxnf clwsf/L x/]s zfvfn] lgo'St

ug'{kg]{5 . n}lËs O{sfOsf] ;xof]udf ljefluo sfo{ ;d'xn] n}lËs k|wfg s]Gb|sf] ?kdf lrlgg] oL

clwsf/Lx?sf] lGlDt cfjZos sf]if tyf lhDd]jf/Lx? lgwf{/0f ug]{5 .

oL clwsf/Lx?sf] klxnf] lhDd]jf/L eg] n}lËs cWoog bnn] tof/ kf/]sf] gd'gf sfo{ -

cg;lr #_ / lj:t[t P=P;=cfO{=kL=sf] k|:tfj – cg';'lr @_ n] lbPsf l;kmfl/;x?nfO{

sfof{Gjog ug]{ . n}lËs sfo{ ;d'xx?sf] zfvf u7g ug{' xf] . cfjZos k/]df clwsf/Lx?n] n}lËs

lg/LIf0f PsfO{sf] Joj;flos ;xof]usf ;fy} afXo k/fdz{bftfsf] d2t klg lng ;Sg]5g\.

n}lËs ;+of]hgnfO{ cuf8L a9fpg / kl/jt{gsf /0fgLltx? Tfo ug{ cfjZos ;+oGqx? o;k|sf/

/x]sf 5g\ M—

^=&=@ kl/jt{gsf /0fgLlt / ;+oGqx?

lgsfo ;b:otf cWoIftf Zf? x'g]

ldlt

!=lzIff tyf v]ns"b

dGqfno÷ lzIff

ljefusf] n}lËs sfo{

;d"x

dxfzfvf k|d'vx?, n}lËs

OsfO{ jf ÷ n}lËs k|wfg

s]Gb|sf k|d'v

dxf lgb]{zs cu:6

@))@

klxnf] sfo{

>L % sf] ;/sf/ lzIff tyf v]ns"b dGqfno / lzIff ljefusf nflu

n}lËs gLltsf] lgdf{0f, ;xdlt Pj+ lj:tf/ .

;]K6]Da/

@))@

bf];|f] sfo{

– ljefusf nflu n}lËs O{sfO v8f ug{ dlxnf lzIff zfvfsf]

k'g/fjnf]sg / k'g{;+/rgf lgdf{0f ug]{ .

– cfjZos kbx¿sf nflu lj:t[t sfo{ ljj/0f / ;Ifdtfsf

;]K6]Da/

@))@

109

cfwf/x¿ tof/ ug]{

– l/Qm kbx¿sf nflu b/vf:t cfJxfg ug]{ / lgo'lQm ug]{

t];|f] sfo{

lzIff ljefusf] egf{, lgo'lQm, tflnd / kbf]GgtLsf k|s[ofx¿sf]

k'g/fjnf]]]sg u/L lghfdlt ;]jf lgodfjnLsf] nflu plrt ;'emfj lbg] .

l8;]Da/

@))@

lgsfo ;b:otf cWoIftf Zf'? x'g]

ldlt

k|fylds lzIff

ljefusf] n}lËs

sfo{ ug]{ ;d"x

zfvf k|d'vx¿, n}lËs

OsfO{ jf n}lËs k|wfg

s]Gbsf k|dv

k|fylds lzIff ljefusf k|d'v cu:6

@))@

klxnf] sfo{

sf]ifsf] :yfkgf, lhDd]jf/Lx¿sf] lgSof}{n / ;b:otfsf] Joj:yf .

cu:6

@))@

bf];|f] sfo{

ljefuLo n}lËs sfo{ ;d"xnfO{ n}lËs OsfO{ jf n}lËs k|wfg s]Gb|

:yfkgf ug{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg]

;]K6]Da/

@))@

t];|f] sfo{

n}lËs ;+of]hgdf ;xof]u / k/fdz{ lbg] lhDd]jf/L jxg ug{ k|To]s

zfvfdf ! hgf clws[t v6fpg] .

;]K6]Da/

@))@

rf}yf] sfo{

aflnsfx?sf] nflu ;+rfng ul/Psf k|f]T;fxgd'ns sfo{s|d

-ef]hgo'St 5fqfjf; / 5fqj[lt sfo{s|d_ pkoSt zfvfdf sfof{Gjogsf]

k'g If]q lgwf{/0f ug{] .

;]K6]Da/

@))@

kfrf} sfo{

;g\ @))@–)# sf] P=P;=cfO{=kL=(ASIP) k|:tfj cg';f/

cf=k|f=lz=k= bf];|f] efusf] n}lËs cWoogdf cfwfl/t l;kmfl/;x?nfO{

cuf8L a9fpg n}lËs kl/If0f sfo{ ;d"xsf] :yfkgf ug]{ .

-tnsf] tflnsf / cg';'lr # df P=P;=cfO{=kL=(ASIP) sf] k|:tfj x]g'{xf];_

;]K6]Da/

@))@

5}7f} sfo{

l;kmfl/;x?sf] sfof{Gjog Pj+ ah]6sf pknlAwx? ;DalGw lj:t[t

of]hgfdf cfwfl/t n}lËs kl/If0f sfo{ ;d"xsf] k|ltj]bg k|fKt ug]{ .

cS6'a/

@))@

;ftf}F sfo{

;'emfjx¿ sfof{Gjog ug{ cflwsfl/s zfvfx¿ tf]Sg] .

cS6'a/

@))@

cf7f}F sfo{

sfo{d"ns cg';Gwfg tyf cWoog u/L n}lËs cWoog bnsf]

;'emfj cg'¿k sfo{ ug]{ .

;]K6]Da/

@))@

gjf}F sfo{

P=P;=cfO{=kL=(ASIP) @))#–)$ sf nflu bf];|f] r/0fsf] of]hgf

tof/ ug]{ .

hgj/L

@))@

lgsfo ;b:otf cWoIftf Zf'? x'g]

ldlt

110

#=n}lËs

cWoog

;d"x

sfof{Gjog ug]{ zfvfaf6 @ hgf

clws[t

n}lËs ljifoj:t'sf] lhDd]jf/L

lnPsf ! hgf zfvf clws[t

n}lËs OsfO{÷n}lËs -k|wfg_

s]Gb|af6 ! clws[t ,sfof{Gjog ug]{

;+:yfaf6 cfjZos k/]sf avt @

hgf ;b:o

cfjZos k/]df afXo n}lËs

k/fdz{bftf

zfvf k|d'v cu:6

@))@

sfo{–!

n}lËs cWoog sfo{ ;d"xsf] ;'emfjx?sf] k'g/fjnf]sg ug]{ /

ah]6sf] sfo{fGjog kIf ;DalGw sfo{ of]hgf tof/ ug]{ .

;]K6]Da/

@))@

sfo{–@

jh]6 ;d]t pNn]v u/L ;f] sfo{ of]hgfnfO{ k|fylds lzIff n}lËs

sfo{ ;d"xdf k|:t't ug]{ .

cS6f]a/

@))@

sfo{–#

;xdlt eP cg'¿ksf] sfo{ of]hgf sfof{Gjog ug]{ .

l8;]Da/

@))@–

clk|n @))@

sfo{–$

n}lËs cWoogsf] ;'emfjsf cfwf/df P=P;=cfO{=kL=(ASIP) ;g\

@))#–)$ sf nflu k|:tfjkq k]z ug{]]{ .

hgj/L

@))#

^=&=# P=P;=cfO{=kL=(ASIP) @))@–@))$ sf nflu k|:tfjx?

n}lËs cWoog sfo{ bnn] P=P;=cfO{=kL=(ASIP) hgj/L @))@ sf nflu k|:tfj ul/Psf

sfo{x?nfO{ c´ lj:tf/k"j{s cuf8L a9fpg]5g\ . To;/L g} cg';"lr @ df ljsf; ul/Psf of]hgf

/ cg';'lr # df pNn]lvt gd"gf sfo{of]hgfx?af6 klg dfu{lgbz{g k|fKt ug]{5 .

cj/f]w÷

dWo:tttf

P=P;=cfO{=kL=(ASIP)

@))@—@))#

P=P;=cfO{=kL=(ASIP)

@))#–@))$

bL3{sflng of]hgf

kx'Fr /

lg/Gt/tf

dlxnf lzlIfsfx¿sf]

lgo'lQm, 5fqj[lQ

sfo{qmdsf] lj:tf/

Eff]hgo'St

5fqfjf;df ;'wf/,

ljz]if sfo{qmdsf]

k|efjsf] d"NofÍg ,

nlIft ;d"xsf

aflnsfx?sf]

cWoogaf6 ug]{

ef}lts ;'ljwfx¿sf]

ljsf; / ;'wf/df

lg/Gt/tf

l;sfO{sf

pknAwL

dlxnf ;|f]t JolQm /

k|lzIfsx¿sf] lgo'lQm .

k|fylds ljBfnox?df

dlxnf

kf7\ok':tsx¿af6

n}lËs lje]b o'Qm

111

k'?if / dlxnf k|fljlws

/ Jofj;flos

sd{rf/Lx¿nfO{ n}lËs

;r]ttfsf] tflnd lbg]

/ dlxnf sd{rf/Lx¿sf]

k]zfut ljsf;df hf]8

lbg] .

k|wfgcWofkssf]

lgolSt .

n}lËs ;r]ttf /

hfu/0f ;DalGw

lzIfsx? tflndsf]

nflu kf7\os|d /

lzif{sx?sf] ljsf;

ug{] .

kf7x? x6fpg] .

lg/Gt/ d"NofÍg nfO{

lg/Gt/tf lbg]

Ifdtf ljsf; k'?if tyf dlxnf

sd{rf/LnfO{ n}lËs tyf

/0fgLlts of]hgf

;DalGw tflnd lbg] /

z}lIfs Joj:yfkg /

k|zf;gdf n}lËs

;dfgtf k|fKt ug{

dlxnf sd{rf/Lx¿sf]

Jofj;flos ljsf;df

hf]8 lbg] .

lghfdlt ;]jf

lgodfjnL / lgolSt

k|lsofsf] k'g/fjnf]sg

ug]{.

cg';'rL —!

oL k|:tfjx¿ ljz]if u/L tflndsf] ;Gbe{df lj:t[t 5g\ . cg';"rL # df rflx+ ljleGg lqmofsnfk,

nlIft ;d"x, ;Ifdtfsf / pknlAwsf ;"rsx¿sf] ;fy} sfof{Gjogsf nflu cfjZos

pQ/bfloTjx?Sf] lj:t[t ljj/0f lbOPsf] 5 . hgj/L @))@ df n}lËs cWoog 6f]nLn] lbPsf]

;'emfjcg';f/, dlxnf lzIff zfvf PSn}n] sfd ug'{eGbf ;DjGwL ljefu jf sfof{Gjog ug]{

;+:yf;+u ldn]/ ultljlwx? ;+rfng ug{' pko'St x'g]5 . of] lhDd]jf/L n}lËs cWoog

sfo{;d"xx?n] jxg ug''{ plrt x'g] wf/0ff xfd|f] bnsf] /x]sf] 5 . x/]s sfo{x?sf] cfly{s kmfO{bf–

a]kmfO{bf sf ;Defjgfx?sf] klg pNn]vf ul/Psf] 5 . tflnd afx]s cGo k|:tfjx?df cfly{s

kmfO{bf b]lv+b}g To;}n] o;df Wofg lbg' plrt x'G5.

^=&=$ sfof{Gjogsf] lhDd]jf/L kfPs} lgsfoaf6 sfo{ of]hgf tof/ kfl/g' kb{5 . dGqfno /

ljefusf ljleGg c+ux?sf] nflu lbOPsf ;'emfjx¿ lj:t[t 5g\ / ;xh} sfo{ of]hgfdf 9fNg

;lsg] vfnsf 5g\ . of] n}lËs cWoog ;d'xn] klg s]lx lglZrt ;'´fjx?nfO{ Jojxf/df ptfg{

gd'gf sfo{ of]hgfx?sf] lgdf{0f u/]sf] 5. lj:t[t ljj/0fsf nflu cg';"rL # x]g{';\ . of]hgfdf lgDg

s'/fx¿ ;dfj]z ul/Psf] 5 .

lqmofsnfk ldlt

k|fylds ljBfno 5fqj[lQ sfo{qmdsf] lj:tf/ ;g\ @))@–#

dlxnf clws[tx¿sf] nflu tflnd @))@–#

kf7\ok':ts ljt/0f @))#–$

dlxnf lzlIfsfx¿sf] lgo'lQm @))@–#

112

;fd"bflos kl/rfng lg/Gt/tf

kf7\oqmd / kf7\ok':ts tof/ ug]{x¿sf nflu n}lËs ;r]ttf

;DalGw tflnd ;+rfng ug]{

@))#–$

n}lËs cWoog bf];|f] r/0f cGtu{t, n}lËs d'nk|jfxLs/0fsf nflu cfjZos kg]{ sfo{x?df lzIff

ljefunfO{ ;xof]u lbg] s'/fdf hf]8 lbg'k5{ . To;sf ;fy} of] cWoog 6f]nLn] lbPsf] ljz]if

;'emfjx¿sf] sfof{Gjogdf klg ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] 5 . lj:t[t ljj/0f kl/lzi6 & df lbPsf] 5 .

^=*= /fhg}lts ;Gbe{

cS6f]j/ @))! df of] n}lËs cWoog sfo{ z'? ul/+bf tfTsflns /fhg}lts ;+/rgf klg aflnsf

tyf dlxnf lzIffdf b]vf k/]sf r'gf}tLx?sf] ;fdgf ug{ tTk/ lyof] . x'g t ;/sf/ c´} k|lta4

5 t/ /fhg}lts l:ytLdf eg] Jofks kl/jt{g cfPsf] 5 . ljutdf s]lGb|o lzIff ljefu tyf

lhNnf lzIff sfof{nox?aLr ljleGg ljB'tLo tyf ef}lts ;+rf/ dfkm{t ;"rgfx?sf] cfbfg k|bfg

eO{/x]sf] lyof] . t/ xfn rln/x]sf] ljb|f]xn] o;df Hofb} gsf/fTds kl/jt{g NofPsf] 5 .

lhNnfsf] jt{dfg l:yltsf] af/]df of] n}lËs cWoog ;d'xn] kof{Kt dfqfdf ;"rgfx? k|fKt ug{

;ls/x]sf] 5}g . kl/0ffd:j?k, lzIfs tyf P;=cfO{=kL=(SIP) tflnd ;+rfng ug{ tyf cfjZos

kg]{ z}lIfs ;fdfu|Lsf\ 9'jfgLdf klg ;d:of b]vf k/]sf] 5 . tflnd afx]s cGo ultljlw ;+rfng

ug]{ ;Defjgf slt 5 eg]/ lgSof}{n ug{ klg TolQs} sl7g 5 . ljBfno k'g ;+rfngdf Nofpg

cfjZos ;'/Iffsf] af/]df klg xfdL cgle1 g} /x]sf 5f}+ .

t/ xfdLn] lgs6 eljiodf cfd'n ;'wf/sf] ck]Iff u/]sf 5f}+ . xfd|f] ljZn]if0f / ;'´fjx?n] >L %

sf] ;/sf/nfO{ n}lËs l:y/tf / ;dfgtfk"0f{ dfq geO{ g]kfnL ;dfh ;'xfpbf] / k|efjsf/L

z}lIfs k|0ffnLsf] ljsf;df ;3fp k'¥ofpg]5 . To:tf] z}lIfs k|0ffnL h;sf] ;xof]un] b]zsf] ;du|

ljsf;df 6]jf k'uf];\ . ul/aL / cfly{s c;dfgtfsf] vf8nnfO{ k'/]]/ of] ljb|f]xnfO{ ;fDo kf/f];\ .

113

kl/lzi6x?

115

cf=k|f=lz=k= bf]>f] n}lËs cWoog

sfo{ tflnsf

l8;]Da/ @) dfr{ @))@

sfo{ cf/De ul/Psf] dlxgf l8;]Da/ — )! hgj/L — )@

#=!@=)! !)=!@=)! !&=!@=)! @$=!@=)! #!=!@=)! &=!=)@ !$=!=)@ @!=!=)@ @*=!=)@

k|yd r/0f

of]hgf tof/L *=!@=)!

lglt, sfo{qmdx?,

lqmfofsnfkx?sf] ljZn]if0f

(–@*–

l8;]Da/

pknAwLx?, jh]6, cg';Gwfg

;fdfu|Lx?sf] ljZn]if0f

@( l8=–

& hgj/L

bf]>f] r/0f

If]q cjnf]sg &–!!

hgj/L

ljZn]if0f, cj/f]wx?, sfo{ /

P=P;=cfO=lk= @))@–)# sf

nflu k|f/lDes l;kmfl/zx?

!!–!*

hgj/L

t]>f] r/0fx?

lj:t[t sfo{qmd of]hgf,

p2]Zox? tyf lqmofsnfkx?

@*–!

km]a|'c/L

dfgj tyf cfly{s >f]tx?

km]j|'c/L )@ dfr{ )@

$@=)@ !!=@=)@ !*=@=)@ @%=@=)@ $=#=)@ !!=#=)@ !*=#=)@ @%=#=)@ !=$=)@

rf}yf] r/0f

n}lËs cWoog k|ltj]bgsf]

k"0f{tf

@!–*

dfr{

n}lËs cWoog k|ltj]bgsf] k"0f{tf

116

sfo{tflnsf !$=!@=)!

117

kl/lzi6 — $

k/fdz{ lnPsf ;d"x tyf JolQmx?M

— n}lËs d '2fx?sf ;DjGwdf cfˆgf wf/0ffx? xfdL;+u aF8 \g] ;do lgsfNg'ePsf]df /

cfˆgf cd'No ljrf/x? tfy ;f]rx? pknAw u/fpg'eO{ xfdLnfO{ ;xof]u

k'¥ofpg'ePsf]df o; n}lËs cWoog ;d'x lgDglnlvt dxfg'efjk|lt cfef/ k|s6 ub{5

M

!_ 8f= a|ofg df8f]S;, kl/of]hgf, k/fdz{bftf, ;fd'bflos ;fIf/tf kl/of]hgf, g]kfn

@_ 8f= x[bo /fh ah|rfo{, ;]l/8, lq'ejg ljZjljBfno

#_ 8f= s]leg lnln; jl/i7 lzIff ;Nnfxsf/, cGt/f{li6«o ljsf; ljefu

$_ 8f= ?lSdgL ah|frfo{, ;]l/8, lqe'jg ljZjljBfno

%_ >L OGb|dfg >]i7, >f]t JolQm, afFs] lhNnf

^_ >L ljdn nfn >]i7, /fli6«o, /fli6«o ;dGjostf{, cf=k|f=lz=k=–@, o'/f]lkog cfof]u

&_ >L rGb| axfb'/ v8\sf, sfo{sfl/0fL lgb]{zs, Pg=l;=O=l8=

*_ >L o1 kl08t, lhNnf lzIff clwsf/L, afFs]

(_ >L bofgGb ld>, >f]t JolQm, wg'iff lhNnf

!)_ >L lbnLk hf]zL, lzIff ljeefu

!!_ >L xl/ z+s/ dfgGw/, lhNnf lzIff clwsf/L, dxf]Q/L

!@_ >L P:k/ xN;, ljz]if cfjZostf lzIff clwsf/L

!#_ >L sdn nfn s0f{, dfWoflds tyf pRr lzIff, lzIff ljefu

!$_ >L ne k|;fb lqkf7L, lgb]{zs, cfwf/e't tyf k|fylds lzIff, lzIff ljefu

!%_ >L dxfsfGt emf, lhNnf lzIff clwsf/L, sfe|] lhNnf

!^_ >L df]xgk|;fb pkfWofo, lhNnf lzIff clwsf/L, wg'iff

!&_ >L k'0ok|;fb Gof}kfg], lgb]{zs, k|zf;lgs If]q, lzIff ljefu

!*_ >L /fdjfns l;+x, pk–lgb]{zs, of]hgf zfvf, lzIff ljefu

!(_ >L /fdrGb| l;+x, dfWoflds lzIff ljsf; PsfO k|d'v, lj/u+h, k;f{

@)_ >L /fd;/f]j/ b'j], ;+o'Qm ;lrj, lzIff tyf v]ns'b dGqfno

@!_ >L /f]zg lrqsf/, ;fd'bflos ;fIf/tf kl/of]hgf, g]kfn

@@_ >L z}n]Gb| l;Ub]n, lzIff Joj:yfkg ;'rgf k|0ffnL, lhNnf lzIff sfof{no

@#_ >L t]h /fO{, >f]t JolQm, sfe|] lhNnf

@$_ >L 6]s]Gb| sfsL{, pk–lgb]{zs, cfwf/e't tyf k|fylds lzIff zfvf, lzIff ljefu

@%_ >L of]u]Gb| axfb'/ a:g]t, lhNnf lzIff clwsf/L, k;f{ lhNnf

@^_ >L hls/ x';]g vfFg, zfvf clws[t, lhNnf lzIff sfof{no, k;f{

@&_ ;'>L÷>LdtL clsd >]i7, l6=cfO{=l6=cfO{=

@*_ ;'>L÷>LdtL clDasf l3ld/], b'/ lzIff s]Gb|

@(_ ;'>L÷>LdtL ljdnf clwsf/L, b'/ lzIff s]Gb|

#)_ ;'>L÷>LdtL ljdnf ld>, >f]t JolQm, sfe|] lhNnf

#!_ ;'>L÷>LdtL b]ljgf k|wfgfË, lhNnf lzIff clwsf/L, wflbË

#@_ ;'>L÷>LdtL km|fG;]; ljG6/, ;fdflhs ljsdf; ;Nnfxsf/, cGt/f{li6«o ljsf; ljefu

##_ ;'>L÷>LdtL nlntf >]i7, pk–lgb]{zs, k"j{ jfNofj:yf ljsf;, lzIff ljefu

#$_ ;'>L÷>LdtL nIdLs]z/L dfgGw/, lqe'jg ljZjljBfno

118

#% ;'>L÷>LdtL Dofl/cg] ag{/, lzIff ;Nnfxsf/, cf=k|f=lz=k=–bf]>f], 8flg8f

#^_ ;'>L÷>LdtL gL/f zfSo, pk–lgb]{zs, k|lzIf0f tyf ;'k/Lj]If0f zfvf, lzIff ljefu

#&_ >LdtL k|ldnf /fhe08f/L, l;=cf]=lk=O=, >L % sf] ;/sf/, ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3Lo ljsf;

sfo{qmd

#*_ >LdtL k|ltef cfrfo{, >f]t JolQm, lrtjg

#(_ >LdtL k'ikf l3ld/]–lg/f}nf, k/fdz{bftf

$)_ >LdtL /fHo nIdL gsdL{, zfvf clws[t, lzIff tyf v]ns'b dGqfno

$!_ >LdtL /fdKof/L yfkf, /fli6«o kl/of]hgf ;dGjostf{, o'lgs]d

$@_ >LdtL ;+ULtf yfkf, /fli6«o kl/of]hgf ;dGjostf{, o'lgs]d

$#_ >LdtL ;l/tf clwsf/L, >f]t JolQm, lrtjg

$$_ >LdtL zf/bf v8\sf, Pg=l;=O=l8=

$%_ >LdtL ;'hftf uf]yf]:s/, Pl;og dlxnf ;ldlt

$^_ >LdtL ;'dg t'nfw/, sfo{qmd clws[t, lzIff zfvf, o'lg;]km

$&_ >LdtL ;';g 8:6g, lzIff kl/of]hgf ;dGjostf{, cf=k|f=lz=k=–@, o'/f]k]nL cfof]u

119

dlxnf lzIff zfvf

!_ >L bL3{ gf/fo0f >]i7

@_ >LdtL dL/f zdf{

#_ >LdtL kbdf 9sfn

$_ >LdtL sNkgf vgfn

%_ >LdtL /~hgf kf}8]n

^_ >LdtL d'Qmf s]=;L=

&_ >L ljZj]Zj/ e§/fO{

*_ >L ;Ltf/fd tfsf5L

(_ >L /fhg 9sfn

cjnf]sg ul/Psf ljBfnox?

afFs] lhNnf

;/fjtL k|fylds ljBfno, g]kfnu~h

;;/:jtL dfWoflds sGof ljBfno, g]kfnu~h

jfu]Zj/L Pg=cf/=lk= ljBfno, ljnf;k'/

k;f{ lhNnf

l;4fy{ dfyf{ dfWoflds ljBfno, lj/u~h

u|fdL0f k|fylds ljBfno

wg'iff lhNnf

>L ;Í6df]rg b]jf>d /fd/lt dfWoflds ljBfno, hgsk'/

gjo'js hgtf k|fylds ljBfno, y'dxpg ufpF, wg'iff

>L /fli6«o k|fylds ljBfno, d+unk'/

sfe|] lhNnf

>L xg'dfg dfWoflds ljBfno, kftn] v]t

dx]Gb| dfWoflds ljBfno, ;fFuf

lzIfs / k|lzIf0f

o; n}lËs cWoog ;d'x cjnf]sg ul/Psf ljBfnox?df nlIft ;d'x 5nkmndf

;xefuLx?, lzIfsx?, >f]t JolQmx? tyf k|lzIfsx? / ljBfno Joj:yfk ;ldltk|lt cfef/

k|s6 ub{5 . o; ;d'xnfO{ lzIfs k|lzIf0f, ljBfno ;'wf/ of]hgf tyf >f]t JolQm k|lzIf0f

;qx?sf] cjnf]sg ug]{ df}sf lbPsf]df tyf xfdL;+u ljleGg kIfx?df 5nkmndf ;xefuL

ePsf]df ufpF ljsf; ;ldltsf ;b:ox?;+u s[t£g 5f}F .

120

k|:t'tLs/0fx?

!@ hgj/L, @))@ / !$ dfr{ @))@ df o'Pgl8lk df / !& d], @))@ df An" :6f/

xf]6ndf ;~rflnt k|:t'tLs/0fdf dlxnf ;Dks{ / lzIff ljefusf $) hgf ;b:ox?n] efu

lnPsf lyP .

kl/lzi6 %

cg';Gwfgsf ;fwgx? M—

sIffsf]7fsf] cjnf]sg

!= k|Zgx? s;n] ;f]w]sf] 5 <

@= 7Ls pQ/x?nfO{ pT;flxt ul/Psf] 5 <

#= ltgLx? sf] x'g\ h;nfO{ w]/} ;f]lwG5 <

$= 5fqfx?÷5fqfx?;+u k':tsx? 5g\ <

%= leQfdf ;fdfu|Lx? 5g\ < ltgLx? n}lËs ?kdf t6:y 5g\ jf e]befjk"0f{ 5g\ <

^= kl/k'/s ;fdfu|Lx? kfOG5g\ <

&= sIffsf]7fsf] ;hfj6 s:tf] 5 <

*= sIffsf]7fsf lqmofsnfkx?df 5fq tyf 5fqfx? slQsf] ;xefuL x'G5g\ <

(= ef}lts ;'ljwfx?, zf}rfnox?, lkpg] kfgL, l;dfgf kvf{n cfbL

!)= sIffdf 5fq tyf 5fqfx?sf] e"ldsf / xfhL/L ;+Vof

ljBfno ====================================== lhNnf===================ldlt=================

lzIfs s]lGb|t ;d'xx?

k'?if tyf dlxnfx?

!= 5fqx? / 5fqfx?sf] pkl:ytLdf s]lx km/s 5 < km/ssf sf/0fx?

@= b'j} ;dfg ?kdf j'‰b5g \ jf 5fq jf 5fqfx? s;}nfO{ w]/} rf]6L bf]xf]¥ofpg' kb{5 <

#= 5fq jf 5fqfx? s;n] a9L k|Zgx? ;f]Wb5g\ <

$= ;du|df tkfO{Fsf] sIffdf 5fq jf 5fqfx? sf] a9L k|lt:kwL{ 5g\ <

%= o"=lk=O= sf] ;/sf/L lglt jf/]df / 5fqfx?sf] kx'Fr / k|fKtL psf:g] cfjZostfsf]

jf/]dfs] ;f]rfO 5 < 5 jf 5}g < lsg

^= tkfO{Fsf] ljrf/df w]/} dlxnf lzIfssf] cfjZostf 5 < 5 eg] lsg / 5}g eg] lsg <

&= tkfO{F k|lzIf0fdf x'g'x'G5 < s] of] pkof]uL lyof] <

dlxnfx? M—

!= k'?if ;fyLx?n] tkfO{F;+u s:tf] k|ltsf/ u5{g < -sd dxTjsf ?kdf jf ;xof]uLsf

?kdf_

121

@= tkfO{F :yfgLo x'g'x'G5 < ljBfno k'Ugsf] nflu slt lx8\g'kg]{ 5 <

#= lsg / s;/L tkfO{F lzIfs x'g'eof] < tkfO{Fsf] kl/jf/n] tkfO{FnfO{ ;xof]u u/]sf] 5 jf

5}g < s;/L <

$= 3/of;L lhDd]jf/Lsf ;fy;fy} ljBfnodf k9fpFbf s:tf vfnsf ;d:ofx? tkfO{Fn]

ef]Ug' k/]sf] 5 <

%= s] tkfO{Fn] ;d'x k|lzIf0f lng'eof] < o;nfO{ tkfO{Fn] s:tf] kfpg'eof] < dlxnfx?sf]

pkl:ylt k|ltzt slt lyof] < k|lzIf0f pkof]uL lyof] t <

^= k|lzIf0fdf n}lËs c;dfgtf lyof] t <

&= k'?if lzIfsn] ug'{kg]{ sfdeGbf leGg vfnsf] tkfO{Fn] tkfOFn] ug'{kg]{ sfd ToxfF lyof]<

*= dlxnf lzIfs x'Fbf :s'n, 5fq tyf 5fqfx? / ;d'bfodf kg]{ c;/sf jf/]df tkfO{Fsf]

;f]rfO s] 5 <

/0flgltx? M—

!= tkfO{F cfkm}n] jflnsfx?sf] egf{ ;+Vof a9fpg] ;DjGwdf s] ug{ ;Sg'x'G5 <

@= lzIff ljefun] jflnsfx?sf] egf{ ;+Vofdf j[l4 / dlxnf lzIfsx?sf] ;+Vofsf] jf/]df

s] ug{ ;S5 <

lhNnf lzIff sfof{no ;+usf] Semi-Structure cGt/jftf{

lhNnf====================== ldlt ========================

!= To; If]qsf] ;fwf/0f tYofÍs, k|fylds tyf dfWoflds ljBfnox?sf] ;+Vof, egf{,

ljBfno jLr}df 5f8\g], pknAwL txx?, ljBfno jflx/sf jfns tyf jflnsfx? .

@= To; If]qsf] ;+:s[lt, hflt, n}lËs leGgtf / dxTjk"0f{ r'gf}tLx?

#= sd{rf/L, k|zf;s, >f]t JolQmx? -lgl/Ifsx?, lzIfsx?_ sf] n}lËs ;DjGwL tYofÍx?,

s] ToxfF 5fq tyf 5fqfx?sf] pkl:ylt jLrddf s'g} km/s 5 < km/sdf s]xL sf/0fx?

<

$= 5fqfx?sf] kx'Fr / pknAwLnfO{ cfjZos dfly p7fpg o"=lk=O= sf] ;/sf/L lgltsf

jf/]df s] ;f]rfO 5 < jf 5}g < olb 5 eg] 5fqfx?sf] egf{ / pknAwL j[l4 ug{ s]

ug'{knf{ <

%= tkfO{Fsf] If]qdf s'g rflx sfo{qmd a9L k|efjsf/L /Xof] <

^= tkfO{Fsf] ljrf/df w]/} dlxnf lzIfssf] cfjZostf 5 < lsg 5 jf lsg 5}g <

&= dlxnf lzIfsx?n] s;/L ;xof]u kfPsf 5g\ < hxfF l/Qm kbx? 5g\ ToxfF dlxnf

lzIfsx? s;/L lgo'Qm eO/x]sf 5g\ < lgo'lQm ul/g] tl/sf s] 5 <

*= >f]t JolQmx?sf] l:ylt s:tf] 5 < slt hgf dlxnfx? 5g\ < ltgLx?sf] lgo'lQm s;/L

ePsf] 5 <

(= ljBfno Joj:yfkg ;ldltx? :yfkgf ePsf 5g\ < ltgLx?sf] e"ldsf s] 5 < s]

ltgLx? k|efjsf/L 5g\ <

!)= uf=lj=;= x?sf] e"ldsf s] 5 <

!!= To; If]qdf Pg=lh=cf]= x?sf] e"ldsf s] 5 < jflnsfx?sf] lzIffsf] ;DjGwdf s'g}

;xof]ufTds sfo{qmdsf] ljsf; ePsf] 5 <

!@= jflnsfx?sf] egf{df j[l4 / pknAwLnfO{ a9fpgsf nflu tkfO{Fsf] sfof{non] s:tf

vfnsf /0flgltx?nfO{ cufl8 ;f/]sf] 5 <

122

!#= ;/sf/n] s:tf] gofF /0flgltx?sf] ljsf; ug'{ kb{4 <

!$= cGTodf, s] tkfO{Fsf] lhNnfdf 5fqx?n] s'g} lglZrt lsl;dsf] ;d:of ef]u]sf 5g\ <

k|lzIf0fdf lzIfsx?;+u s]lGb|t ;d'xsf] 5nkmn

!= k|lzIf0fsf] jf/]df xfdLnfO{ eGg'xf];\ .

@= tkfO{Fx? s;/L 5gf}6 x'g'eof] <

#= tkfO{Fx?n] s] l;Sg'eof] < :ki6 ?kdf eGg'xf];\ .

$= s] tkfO{Fx?n] k|lzIf0fdf l;s]sf ljlwx? sf]7fdf clxn] k|of]u ul//xg'ePsf] 5 <

%= tkfO{F cfufdL k|lzIf0fx?df s] ;dfj]z elbP x'GYof] eGg] rfxg'x'G5 <

^= tkfO{Fsf] ljrf/df 5fqfx?sf] ;+Vofdf j[l4 ug{ ;/sf/sf] lglt s:tf] /x]sf] kfpg'x'G5<

&= tkfO{F s] ug{ ;Sg'x'G5 <

*= ;/sf/n] cGo s] ug{ ;S5 <

(= 5q tyf 5fqfx?sf] ljleGg cfjZostfx?nfO{ s;/L Wofgfsif{0f ug]{ eGg] ;DjGwdf

tkfO{Fn] s] l;Sg'eof] <

k|lzIfs;+u Pkm=l;=8L=

!= tkfOPFx? s;/L 5gf}6 x'g'eof] <

@= tkfO{Fx?n] k|lzIf0fdf s] k|fKt ug'{eof] <

#= s] tkfOFxn] n}lËs d'2fx?sf] jf/]df k|lzIf0fdf ljrf/ ug'{eof] <

$= tkfO{Fx? s;/L 5gf}6 x'g'eof] <

%= k|lzIfs x'gsf] nflu tkfO{Fx?n] s:tf] k|lzIf0f kfpg'eof] <

^= /fd|f] k|lzIfs jGgsf] nflu tkfO{Fx? s:tf] yk k|lzIf0fx? rfxg'x'G5 <

&= ToxfF slt hgf dlxnf k|lzIfsx? lyP < s] ltgLx? cfjZos lyP <

*= jflnsfx?sf] egf{sf ;DjGwdf ;/sf/sf] lgltsf] jf/]df tkfOFsf] ;f]rfO s] 5 <

(= tkfO{Fn] 5fq5fqfx?sf] z}lIfs cfjZostfx? k"lt{ ug{sf] nflu s;/L lzIfsx?nfO{

k|lzIf0f lbg'x'G5 <

!)= dlxnf lzIfsx?sf] cfjZostfsf] ;xof]usf] jf/]df tkfO{Fx?sf] ;f]rfO s] 5 <

!!= k'?if lzIfsx?nfO{ h:t} u/L dlxnf lzIfsx?sf cfjZostfx?nfO{ klg tkfO{Fn]

Wofgfsif{0f ug{ ;Sg'x'G5 <

Pg=l;=O=8L= sf] k|d'v ;+usf] cw{;+/rgfTds cGt/jftf{ M—

!= k|lzIf0fdf k|lzlIft dlxnf tyf k'?ifx?sf] tYofÍsf] ljj/0f <

@= Pg=l;=O=8L= sf] jf/]df egg'xf];\ . o;sf] e"ldsf s:tf] 5 < o;n] s:tf] vfnsf]

k|lzIf0f ;~rfng u/]sf] 5 <

#= tkfO{Fx?;+u slt hgf k|lzIfsx? 5g\ <

$= k|lzIfssf] 5gf}6 s;/L eof] <

%= ltgLx? s;/L k|lzlIft eP <

^= tkO{F k|lzIf0fnfO{ s;/L d'NofÍg ug'{x'G5 <

&= tkfO{Fx?;+u dlxnf k|lzIfsx? slt hgf 5g\ < lsg w]/} 5}g <

*= tkfO{Fsf] ljrf/df s] w]/} dlxnf k|lzIfsx?sf] cfjZostf 5 < lsg <

123

(= w]/} dlxnf k|lzIfsx?nfO{ k|f]T;flxt ug{sf] nflu tkfO{F;+u s'g} pkfox? 5g\ <

!)= k|lzIfsx?n] n}lËs d'2fx? ;dfj]z ub{5g\ < k|lzIf0fsf Kofs]hx?df n}lËs d'2fx?

;dfj]z x'G5g <

!!= k|lzIf0fsf Kofs]hx? s;n] tof/ kfb{5 <

kl/lzi6—^

n}lËs s]Gb|ljGb' jf n}lËs PsfOsf nflu ;Defljt If]qx? M–

nIo M–

jflnsfx?nfO{ lzIffsf] d'nwf/df Nofpgsf nflu ;Dk"0f{ ljefux?, efux? /

zfvfx?sf ;fy} sfo{ut ;+:yfx?åf/f n}lËs Plss[tsf] ljsf; ug]{ h;n] k|To]s JolQmnfO{

jfns tyf jflnsfx?sf] kmfObfsf nflu Tof] sfdaf6 lhDd]jf/L x'G5g\ .

;+oGq M–

n}lËs PsfO / n}lËs s]Gb|ljGb'sf] l;h{gfsf nflu dlxnf lzIff zfvfsf] >f]tnfO{

lj:tf/ ug]{ k|:tfjnfO{ ;Nnfx / ;'emfjsf ;fy} ;xof]u ug]} .

lhDd]jf/Lx? M–

Pp6f k'g/fjnf]lst PsfO . s]Gb|Lt ;d'xn] lgDg lnlvt sfo{x?df Wofg lbg'kb{5 M–

!= lzIffdf n}lËs ;dfgtf, ;dtf / ;dfj]zsf kIfdf jsfnt ug'{ .

@= n}lËs Pstfsf nflu ;Dk"0f{ z}lIfs ljefux?, >]0fLx?, zfvfx? / +:yfx?df lglt

lgb]{zgsf] ljsf; ug'{ .

#= ;Dk"0f{ ljefux?, >]0fLx? tyf zfvf?df dlxfnx?sf] k|lti7f tyf :yfg k|j4{g ug{sf

nflu /fdf] Jojxf/ k|:t't ug{ / ;dGjofTds /0flgltsf] ljsf; ug{sf nflu dlxnf

cfo'Qm;+u sfo{ ug]{ .

$= ljefu / txx?sf n}lËs sfo{ ;DjgwL ;d'xx?nfO{ ;xof]u / k]zfut ;/;Nnfx

k|bfg ug]{ .

%= n}lËs cWoogsf ljz]if lzkmfl/zx?nfO{ cufl8 a9fpgsf] lgldQ n}lËs cWoog sfo{

;d'xx?sf] :yfkgfdf ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] .

^= jflnsfx? / dlxnfx?sf] lzIffdf ;'wf/ Nofpgsf] lgldQ z;Qm /0flgltsf] ?kdf

z'?b]lv cGTo ;Ddsf lgltx? k|:t't ug]{ .

&= jflnsfx? / dlxnfx?df ;sf/fTds c;/x?sf] ;'lglZrttfsf] ;Dk"0f{ lgltx? tyf

/0flgltx?sf] ;ldIff ug]{ .

*= lzIff dGqfnonfO{ jflnsfx? tyf dlxnfx?sf] lzIffsf] jf/]df jif{sf] @ k6s k|ltj]bg

k|:t't ug]{ .

(= n}lËs d'2fx?df sd{rf/L k|lIf0f ljefunfO{ ;Nnfx k|bfg ug]{ .

!)= gofF egf{, cGt/jftf{, k|lzIf0f / a9'jf ljlwx?sf ;DjGwdf n}lËs PsLs[t ljefunfO{

;Nnfx k|bfg ug]{ .

124

!!= n}lËs ;r]tgfsf kf7\oqmd ;DjGwL ;Nnfx / kf7\ok':tsx?sf e]befjx? x6fpgsf

lgldQ kf7\oqmd ljsf; s]Gb|;+u sfo{ ug]{ .

!@= n}lËs ;r]tgfsf nflu k|rlnt k|lzIf0f gd'gfx?sf] ;ldIff ug{sf nflu

P;=l8=O=8L=÷lh=lz=sf= ;+u ldnL sfo{ ug]{ / n}lËs ;r]tgf / jfnjflnsfx?sf]

jf:tljs hLjg, ltgLx?n] l;Sg] ljleGg tl/sfx? tyf ltgLx?n] ;fdgf ug]{ ljleGg

r'gf}tLx?nfO{ dWogh/ /fVb} k|lzIf0fsf gd'gfx? jf zLif{sx?sf] lgdf{0f ug]{ .

!#= ;Dk"0f{ lgjf{lrt ;ldltx? h:t} M– uf=lj=;=, lh=lj=;= x? k:yfgLo txdf Pd=Pd=l;=

x? df dlxnfx?sf] cfjfhnfO{ k|efjsf/L ?kn] ;'lgof];\ eGg] ;'lglZrtfsf nflu

of]hgf zfvf;+u ldn]/ ljleGg ;+:yfx?sf] ljsf; ug]{ .

!$= n}lËs ljz]if, n}lËs s]lGb|t p2]Zox?, nIox?, ;'rf+sx? / pknAwLx?sf] k'jf{g'dfgsf]

;'lglZrttfsf] nflu ;Dk"0f{ /0flgltx? / k|:tfjgfx?sf] k'g/fjnf]sg ug]{ .

!%= n}lËs b[li6sf]0faf6 hgr]tgf d'ns sfo{qmdx? ;~rfng ug]{ h;n] ubf{

jfnjflnsfx?n] k|To]s sfo{qmdx? dfkm{t kmfObf k|fKt ub{5g\ .

!^= afnjflnsfx? p2]Zocg'?k ;kmn eP jf ePgg\ eGg] ;'lglZrttfsf nflu n}lËs

b[li6sf]0faf6 sfo{qmdx/sf] d'NofÍg ug]{ .

!&= n}lËs d'2fx?df sfo{d'vL cg';Gwfg ;~rng ug]{ .

o; PsfOsf nflu 5gf]6 ubf{ lbOPsf] sfo{ ug{ ;Sg] bIftfnfO{ k|fyldstf lbOg] 5 .

kl/lzi6—&

bf]>f] r/0fsf] n}lËs cWoogsf nflu k|:tfjgfx? M—

n}lËs cWoogsf] k|yd r/0f k"/f e{;s]sf] 5 M bf]>f] r/0fdf 5f]6f cg';GwfgfTds

cWoogx?df s]lGb|t /xg] b[li6sf]0f /flvPsf] lyof] . ;dLIff ug]{ qmddf n}lËs cWoog ;d'xn]

of] yfxf kfof] ls kof{Kt cg';Gwfgx? klxn] g} ul/;lsPsf] /x]5 / w]/} h;f] ;d:ofx?

hfgsf/Ldf cfO;s]sf 5g\ . o;} cg'?k o; ;d'xn] of] l;kmfl/; ub{5 ls cf=k|f=lz=k= n]

lglt tyf Jojxf/x?df k|ToIf k|efj kg]{ vfnsf sfo{ cg';Gwfgdfx?df hf]8 lbg' kb{5 .

ljleGg l;kmfl/zx? tyf sfo{qmdx?nfO{ ljleGg cWoogaf6 cufl8 a9fpg'kg]{ cfjZostf 5

.

5f]6f cg';Gwfgx? M—

!= n}lËs ;r]tgf tyf n}lËs k'jf{u|xsf ;DjGwfdf k|bfg ul/g] k|df0fkdq d'vL tflndsf

sfo{qmdsf] ;dLIff

@= k|wfgfWofksdf kbf]GgtL x'gsf nflu cfOkg]{ Jojwfgx?sf] lgZro ug{sf nflu

cg'ejL k|wfgfWofksx?dfly ;j]{If0f

#= egf{ tyf wf/0fdf kf]if0fo'Qm vfBfGg sfo{qmdx?sf] k|efjsf ;DjGwdf ;j]{If0f

$= jflnsfx? ljBfno k9fpgsf nflou cfjZos kg]{ jf:tljs k|ToIf vr{sf] lgwf{/0f /

5f]/Lx? ljz]if u/L Go"g cfo>f]t ePsf kl/jf/sf 5f]/Lx?nfO{ ljBfno k7fpg

125

cfjZos kg]{ ck|ToIf vr{sf] jf/]df cg';Gwfg ug]{ . To;kl5 dfq vr{ wfGgsf nflu

cfjZos kg]{ 5fqj[lQsf jf/]df lg0f{o lng ;lsG5 .

%= ckfË jfnjflnsfx?sf] ljBfno egf{b/ / wf/0f txsf] lgwf{/0f ug{sf] nflu ;j]{If0f

ug]{ / ;d'bfox?df ljBfno egf{ ePsf / ljBfnodf /x]sf cfkË jfnjflnsfx?sf]

k|ltzt kQf nufpgsf] nflu ;j]{If0f

^= x/]s lhNnfsf x/]s ljBfno ;d'bfodf /x]sf k|j]lzsf pQL0f{ 5fqfx?sf] ;+Vof kQf

nufpg] M o;nfO{ ljBfno ;d'bfodf lzifsx?åf/f ;+rfnLt ;j]{If0f;+u k'li6 ug]{ . ;f]

s'/fsf] hfgsf/L lhNnf tyf s]lGb|o txdf /flvg' kb{5 / k|j]zLsf pQL0f{ ;Dk"0f{

5fqfx?nfO{ s'g} klg ljBfnodf kb vfnL x'gf ;fy cfj]bg lbgsf nflu ;'lrt ug]{

Pjd lnlvt hfgsf/L lbg]

&= ljz]if u/L of}jgfj:yf Pjd\ of}jgfj:yf kZrft 5fqfx?n] ljBfno jftfj/0fdf

dxz'; ug]{ zf/Ll/s ;'/Iffsf jf:tljs dgf]j}1flgs ;d:ofx?sf jf/]df cg';Gwfg

ug]{ . cg';Gwfgdf of}ghGo ljt[i0ff / jflnsfx?sf] egf{ tyf wf/0fdf o;n] kfg]{

k|efjx?nfO{ klg ;dfj]z ug]{

sfof{Gjog ;+oGqx? M–

;'wf/sf nflu d'Vo r'gf}tL eg]sf] g} sfof{Gjog kIf xf] . /fhg}lts OR5f /fd|};+u

df}nfPsf] 5 / bftfx?, lzIff ljefu, sfof{Gjogsf lgsfox? ;j} If]qsf dlxnf tyf k'?if

b'j}n] cg';Gwfgsf k|fKtLx? / sfof{Gjog ug'{kg]{ l;kmfl/zx?sf ;DjGwdf hfgsf/L lng

rfxG5g\ . k|foh;f] ;f]lwg] k|Zg æs;/L <Æ eGg] g} xf] . o; n}lËs cWoog ;d'xn] o;

k|Zgsf] pQ/ lbgsf nflu / lzIff tyf ;+:s[lt dGqfno÷lzIff ljefusf d'Vo sfo{x?df

n}lËs kIfnfO{ ;dfj]z ug{sf nflu ljleGg ;+oGqx?sf] k|:tfj u/]sf] 5 .

!= Pd=cf]O=P;=÷lzIff ljefusf] ljefuLo txdf n}lËs sfo{ ;d'xx?sf] ;yfkgf ->]0fLsf

k|d'vx?, n}lËs PsfO÷nlIft ;d'xsf] k|d'v /cfjZos k/]df dfq n}lËs ;Nnfxsf/_

@= cfo'Qm ljefu txdf n}lËs sfo{;d'xsf] :yfkgf ht} k|fylds lzIff ljefudf

-zfvfsf k|d'vx?, n}lËs PsfO÷nlIft ;d'xsf] k|d'v / n}lËs s]Gb|sf ;fy} ljefuLo

clws[tx? / cfjZos k/]df dfq n}lËs ;Nnfxsf/_

#= n}lËs PsLs[tsf nflu Pd=cf]=O=P;=÷lzIff ljefu;+u ;dGjo u/L ljz]if1 ;xof]u

k|bfg ug{sf nflu n}lËs PsfO jf n}lËs nlIft ;d'xsf] :yfkgf ug]{ .

$= n}lËs cWoogsf l;kmfl/;x?nfO{ cufl8 a9fpgsf nflu n}lËs sfo{ ;d'xx?sf]

:yfkgf ug]{ -sfof{Gjog ljefu zfvf, Joj:yfaf6 @ hgf clws[t, ;fy} zfvf jf

ljefudf n}lËs Pstfsf nflu lhDd]jf/L jxg ug]{ clws[t, n}lËs PsfOjf6 Pshgf

clws[t / olb cfjZos k/]df Pshgf jfXo n}lËs ;Nnfxsf/_

n}lËs cWoogsf] bf]>f] r/0fsf] ;xof]usf ;fy} sfof{Gjogsf] If]qdf lgDg s'/fx?

;dfj]z ug{ ;lsG5 .

!= n}lËs ;dfgtf / æljsf;df dlxnfÆ ;]jf ljlw jLr wf/0ffTds / k|of]ufTds km/sdf

k|lzIf0f lbg] .

@= lzIff ljefunfO{ k|fyldstfx? klxrfgsf nflu ;xof]u ug]{ / ltgLx?nfO{ cufl8

a9fpgsf] nflu ;+oGqx?sf] k|:tfjg ug]{ .

126

#= lzIff ljefunfO{ zfvfsf] If]q / e"ldsfnfO{ ;xof]usf ;fy} ;dLIff ug]{ / n}lËs PsfO

cyjf n}lËs nlIft ;d'xsf nflu Wofgfsif{0f ug]{ If]q M– ef}ls, cfly{s / cfjZos

dfgj >f]tx?sf] klxrfg, sd{rf/Lx?sf] bIftfsf] nflu cfjZos ;xof]u k|bfg ug]{ .

$= k|:tfljt sfo{x?sf] ;DjGwsf jf/]df ljefuLo / If]qLo n}lËs sfo{ ;d'xx?nfO{ ;NNfx

lbg] .

%= lzIff ljefuaf6 n}lËs sfo{ ;d'xnfO{ ;xof]u ug]{ / sfof{Gjog ;+:yfx?sf] :yfkgf

ug]{ / n}lËs cWoogsf ljz]if l;kmfl/zx?df sfo{of]hgf sfof{Gjog ug]{ .

127

cg';"rLx?

128

cg';'rLx?

cg';'rL—!

n}lËs cWoog

;'emfj tyf l;kmfl/;x?

!=) Ifdtf clej[l4 (Capacity Building)

;+:yfx?sf] ;jlns/0f M -efu &_

lzIff ljefu / s]Gb|Lo txsf ;+:yfx?sf] ;jlns/0f -pk–efu &=!_

l;kmfl/zx?

!_ lglt lgdf{0f / kl/of]hgfsf] sfof{Gjogsf ;DaGwdf lzIff tyf v]ns'b dGqfno / lzIff

ljefusf sfo{x?jLr :ki6 /]vfÍg ug]{ .

@_ MOES, DOE / NCED, CDC. DEC, SEDEC / NFEC x?jLrsf] ;DjGw / oL

lgsfox?sf sfo{df ug'{kg]{ n}lËs Psfsf/sf nflu lzIff ljefusf] pQ/bfoLTjnfO{

:ki6 kfg]{

#_ lzIff ljefusf ;Dk"0f{ zfvfx? / k|fylds If]q;+u ;DjlGwt ;Dk"0f{ lgsfox?df /x]sf]

n}lËs ;r]tgfsf] cefjnfO{ ulDe/tfk"j{s dgg ug]{

$_ dlxnf tyf k'?ifnfO{ n}lËs of]hgf, n}lËs ljZn]if0f, n}lËs hfu/0f / n}lËs ;r]tgfsf

;DjGwdf k|lzIf0f k|bfg ug'{

%_ k'?if tyf dlxnfx?nfO{ /0flglts of]hgfsf ;DjGwdf k|lzIf0f lbg]

^_ n}lËs ;r]tgfsf] lg/LIf0f / d"NofÍgsf ;DjGwdf dlxnf tyf k'?ifx?nfO{ k|zLIf0f

k|bfg ug]{

&_ Family friendly posting policy nfu' ul/ dlxnf tyf k'?if b'j}nfO{ u[xl:y tyf

Joj;flos÷k]zfut pQ/bfloTjjLr /fd|f] ;Gt'ng sfod ug{ ;Ifd u/fpg] . o;sf

nflu lhNnf lzIff clwsf/Lx? (DEOs) nfO{ ;Dej eP;Dd 3/af6 ;'ud b'l/df

kb:yfkg ug]{ / kfl/jfl/s Joj:yf ldnfpgsf nflu pgLx?nfO{ kof{Kt ;'rgf k|bfg

ug]{

z}lIfs Joj:yfkg / dlxnfx?sf] e"ldsf

129

l;kmfl/zx?

;+:yfut ljZn]if0fn] w]/} /fd|f l;kmfl/;x? u/]sf] 5 / To;nfO{ n}lËs kl/If0f tyf cWoog

;d'xn] k'0f{ ?kdf l:jsf/ u/]sf] 5 . dfgj >f]tg} ljsf; sf] d"Vo If]q xf] / o;sf k|:tfjx?

cGtu{t v'Nnf tyf kf/bzL{ lgo'lQm / kbf]GgtLsf] ljsf;n] :t/ lgwf{/0f, JolQmut tyf

;+:yfut k|lzIf0fsf nflu kl/lrt{ tyf kf/bzL{ cfwf/x? lgdf{0f ub{5 . cfO{ P (IA) n]

g]t[Tj txdf dlxnfx?sf] ;xeflutfdf ;'wf/ ug{sf nflulgDg s'/f eg]sf] M—

æIfdtf clej[l4 kl/of]hgfn] n}lËs c;dfgtfnfO{ nlIft ug'{ kb{5 / n}lËs ;Gt'ng sfod

u/fpg' kb{5 . dlxnf tyf k'?ifx?sf ljleGg cfjZostfx?sf] d'NofÍg ul/g'kb{5

================= kb:yfkg, ;?jf tyf sd{rf/L ljsf; ug]{ ;DjGwdf lg0f{o lnFbf dlxnfx?sf

cfjZostfx? / Jojwfgx?nfO{ ulDe/tfk"j{s dgg ul/g'kb{5 . Æ

Pp6f Pr=cf/=l8= (HRD) of]hgfdf z}lIfs Joj:yfkgsf lgldQ cfjZos kg]{ bIftfx?df

lg/LIf0f ;xhtf, ;dfgtf, u'0f:t/ / ;fGble{stfs ;fy} lglt tyf kl/of]hgfx?sf] of]hgfsf

lgldQ z}lIfs Joj:yfkg k|0ffnLsf] Joj:yf ug]{ Ifdtf kb{5g\ . lzIff dGqfno / lzIff

ljefusf sd{rf/Lx?df z}lIfs ;r]tgf clt g} cfjZos x'G5 . ljleGg l;kmfl/zx? dWo]

z}lIfs k|0ffnLsf ljleGg k|zf;lgs kbx?df dlxnfx?sf nflu s]lx cf/If0f k|bfg ug]{ lglt

klg Ps

xf] .

n}lËs cWoog ;d"xn] oL ;Dk"0f{ l;kmfl/zx?sf] ;dy{g ub{5 / k|fljlws ;d"xsf] k|ltj]bgdf

s]lx If]qx?df n}lËs c;dfgtfsf ;DjGwdf ;Djf]wg gu/]sfdf b'Mv JoQm ub{5 M

!_ z}lIfs Joj:yfkg / k|zf;gdf n}lËs ;dtf k|fKtLsf nflu k]zfut k|lzIf0f

s= dlxnfx?sf nflu ;+wf/0fLotf tflnd

v= dlxnfx?sf nflu g]t[Tj ljsf; tflnd

u= dlxnf tyf k'?ifnfO{ kfl/jfl/s tyf k]zfut pQ/bfloTjjLr ;Gt'ng sfod u/fpg

k|lzIf0f

@_ lghfdlt ;]jf lgodfjnL / lgo'lQm k|lqmofx?df k'g/fjnf]sg M

s= lglt lgdf{0f tyf lg0f{o lng] kbx?df dlxnfx?sf] ;+Vofdf j[l4sf nflu lghfdlt ;]jf

P]gdf ;+zf]wg

v= dlxnfx?sf] sfo{;Dkfbg d'NofÍg, pgLx?sf] sfd u/fO{ / bIftfsf cfwff/df /fVg'kb{5 .

u= b'u{d If]qdf sfo{/t k'?if tyf dlxnf sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ c+s lbOg] k|yf :ylut ul/g'kb{5 /

c+ssf] ;§f cltl/Qm eQf k|bfg ul/g' kb{5 .

3= lghfdlt ;]jfdf v'nf k|lt:kwf{sf] lnlvt kl/Iffdf pQL0f{ eO;s]sf dWo]af6 Ps ltxfO{

kb dlxnfx?sf lgldQ ;+/lIft ul/g'kb{5 .

ª lghfdlt ;]jfdf egf{sf nflu cGtjf{tf{ lng] ;d'xdf Ps ltxfO ;b:ox? dlxnf x'g'kb{5

.

130

r= lghfdlt ;]jfdf k|j]z ug{sf nflu dlxnfsf] pd]/ $) jif{;Dd tf]lsPsf] tYonfO{ dgg

ub}{ dlxnfx?sf nflu tf]lsPsf] cWoog ljbfsf] pd]/sf] xbnfO{ a9fpg' kb{5 .

5= n}lËs ;dtfsf] of]UotfnfO{ ;'lglZrt ug{sf nflu lgj[lQ r/0fsf] lgoddf k'g/fjnf]sg

ug'{ kb{5 .

h= ;a} kbx? k"lt{ ug]{ k|lqmof v'nf tyf kf/bzL{ x'g' kb{5 . kbsf] lj1fkg ubf{ sfo{sf]

ljj/0f, pQ/bfloTjx? / pQm :yfgsf nflu rflxg] cg'ej tyf Joj;flos bIftfx?sf]

:ki6 ls6fg ul/g'kb{5 .

em= pRr >]0fLsf dlxnf tyf k'?if sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ cfˆgf] kl/jf/ b]lv 6f9f ;?jf ubf{

kfl/jfl/s hLjg tyf l:y/ ;dfhsf] efjgfdf cfFr cfpg] x'Fbf o; k|lqmofnfO{ :ylut

ul/g'kb{5 .

cfly{s nufgL, p2]Zo nIo / cfzflbt pknJwLx? cg';'rL ! df lbPsf] 5, To;}u/L

pknJwLsf ;'rsx?n] nlIft ;d'xsf] tflnddf b]lvPsf] pknJwLn] ;d]t To;df kfpg

;lsG5 .

dlxnf lzIff zfvf

;'emfj tyf l;kmfl/zx?

n}lËs cWoog tyf k/LIf0f ;d"xn] dlxnf lzIff zfvsf] ;jntfsf] klxrfg u/L o;nfO{ cem

a9L k|efjsf/L ?kdf pkof]u ug{sf nflu s]lx ;'emfjx? k|:t't ub{5 . n}lËs kIfnfO{

d"nk|jfxdf Nofpgsf lgldQ dlxnf lzIff zfvf n] sfof{Gjog kIfdf eGbf lglt lgdf{0f,

n}lËs ljZn]if0f, lg/LIf0f, d'NofÍg tyf k|lzIf0fdf s]lGb|t /xg'kg]{ l;kmfl/z of] ;d'xn] ub{5

. of] l;kmfl/; Pdl6cf/ MTR sf] dfr{ 2002 df tof/ ul/Psf] k|fljlws ;d'xsf]

l;kmfl/;;+u ldN5 M

ælzIff ljefusf] e"ldsf / pQ/bfloTj lhNnf:t/Lo sfo{qmx?sf] of]hgf, Joj:yfkg,

sfof{Gjog / cg'ugdg ug'{ /xL cfPsf]df o;sf] sfo{nfO{ x]/km]/ u/L lglt lgb]{zg ,

/0flgltx?sf] th'{df, ;xfos lqmofsnfkx?sf] of]hgf / k|ltkmnsf] cg'udg ug]{ ul/ Joj:yf

ug'{ . Æ

dlxnf lzIff zfvfn] lzIff ljefusf] k|fylds lzIff zfvfsf] pkzfvfsf] ?kdf /lx n}lËs

;dtfsf] k|j4{g tyf sfof{Gjogsf ;DjGwdf ;f]xL cg'?ksf] e"ldsf lgjf{x ug'{ kb{5 . o;sf

cltl/Qm dlxnf lzIff zfvfn] Pg=l;=O{=l8= (NCED) tyf l;=l8=l;= (CDC) / ljefunfO{

k|lzIf0f, kf7\oqmd ljsf; / l;sfO ;fdfu|Ldf dlxnf tyf k'?if b'j}nfO{ Plss[t ug{ ;'emfj

lbg'kb{5 .

n}lËs d'2fx?nfO{ /0flglts lgb]{zg ug{df dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf v]Ng / lgltx?nfO{ k|efj kfg{sf

lglDt dlxnf lzIff zfvfnfO{ n}lËs cWoog ;d"xn] 5fqfx?nfO{ lzIffdf ;xof]u k'¥ofpgsf

nflu lzIff ljefudf pko'Qm zfvfx?sf] ljsf; ug'{kb{5 eGg] k|:tfj /fVb5 . pbfx0fsf

nflu cgf}krfl/s lzIff zfvfn] dlxnfx?sf nflu ;fIf/tf sfo{qmdx? ;~rfng ub{5 /

131

k|fylds lzIff zfvfn] ef]hg 5fqfjf; (feeder hostel) / 5fqj[lQ kl/of]hgfx?sf] sfof{Gjog

ub{5 . o;} ul/ n}lËs cWoog ;d"x lgDglnlvt l;kmfl/zx? ub{5 M

o;} u/L n}lËs cWoog ;d"x lgDg lnlvt l;kmfl/; ub{5 M

!_ lglt lgdf{0f tyf jsfntsf] e"ldsfdf j[l4 ug]{ / sfof{Gjogsf kIfx?nfO{ pko'Qm

zfvfx? tyf z}lIfs ;+:yfx?df :yfgfGt/0f ug]{ b[li6sf]0fsf ;fy dlxnf lzIff

zfvfsf] (WES) e"ldsf tyf k|efjIf]qsf] e"ldsfsf] k'g/fjnf]sg ug]{

@_ lj:tfl/t If]q;Dd dlxnfsf] kx'Fr k'¥ofpgsf lgldQ dlxnf lzIff zfvfsf] gfd

kl/jt{g u/L n}lËs s]Gb|ljGb' jf n}lËs PsfOemNsfpg] ljlzi6 k|:tfjgfx? kl/lzi6fÍ

^ df ædlxnf lzIff zfvfsf] cfufdL e"ldsf / sfo{If]q ÆcGtu{t lbPsf]5 .

#_ lzIff ljefu / lzIff tyf v]ns'b dGqfnoåf/f l:js[t ul/Psf sfo{of]hgfx? tyf

/0flgltx? dlxnf lzIff zfvf÷n}lËs PsfO;+u ;dGjo u/L ;~rfng ul/Psf pko'Qm

zfvfx? ;DjGwL ;+oGqx?sf] ljsf; ug]{ / o;nfO{ pgLx?sf] 1fg / cg'ejx?;+u

;DjlGwt ug]{

$_ lglt lgdf{0f tyf To;sf] k|of]usf lgldQ cfjZos ;Lkx? ;DjGwL gofF sfo{qmdx?

;~rfng ug{sf nflu cfjZos kg]{ 1fg / bIftfsf] klxrfg ug'{kg]{ / s'g} klg gofF

e"ldsf ;DxfNgsf lgldQ sd{rf/Lx?sf] ;dfof]hgf ubf{ cfjZos kg]{ kIfx? klxrfg

ul/g'k5{ .

%_ ;Dk"0f{ zfvfx?÷s]Gb|x? tyf z}lIfs ;+:yfx?df n}lËs hfu/0f / n}lËs kIf ;DjGwL

sfo{qmdx?sf] k|efjsf/Ltfsf] k|lqmofdf ;xof]u k'¥ofpgsf lgldQ ljefuåf/f dlxnf

lzIff zfvf ÷n}lËs PsfOsf sd{rf/Lx?sf] bIftf, l;k, 1fg / cg'ejx/sf] k"0f{

pkof]u ul/g' kb{5 .

^_ dlxnf lzIff zfvf÷n}lËs PsfOsf] e"ldsf tyf sfo{ h] eP klg o;nfO{ ef}lts

?kdf lzIff ljefus} d'Vo efjgfdf g} /flvg' kb{5 / o;sf] sfo{;~rfngsf nflu

cfjZos dfgj, cfly{s tyf ef}lts >f]tx? pknAw u/fOg' kb{5 .

&_ sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ pgLx?sf] sfo{ k|efjsf/L ?kdf ;~rfng ug{sf nflu cfjZos

tflndx? k|bfg ul/g' kb{5 . h; cGtu{t ;"rgf k|ljw ;DjGwL ;Lkx?, g]t[Tj, lglt

lgdf{0f, sfo{ of]hgf / lg/LIf0f tyf d'NofÍg ;DjGwL tflndx? ;dfj]z ul/g'kb{5 .

lhNnf :t/Lo of]hfsf] ;'b[l9s/0f tyf sfof{Gjog -pkefu &=@_ / :yfgLo Ifdtf clej[l4

-pkefu &=#_

l;kmfl/;x? M

dlxnfx?sf] of]ubfgsf] sb/ ug{sf nflu / pgLx?sf] rf;f] tyf cg'ejx?nfO{ Wofg lbO{

xfdLn] lgDglnlvt l;kmfl/zx? u/]sf 5f}F M

s_ lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltx?, uflj;x? / ljBfno Joj:yfkg ;ldltx?sf lgjf{lrt

k|ltlglwx?sf] c+zdf dlxnfx?sf] ;+Vof j[l4 ul/ z'?df b'O{ hgf / % jif{ leqdf

sDtLdf klg Ps ltxfO k'¥ofpg]

v_ n}lËs ;r]tgf / n}lËs of]hgf ;DjGwL k|lzIf0f sfo{qmdx? ;~rfng ug]{

132

;fd'bflos lzIff / lhNnf txsf of]hgf k|lqmofdf k'?if tyf dlxnfx? b'j};+u

;DjlGwt kIfx? / ljrf/x?sf] ;dfj]z ;'lglZrt ug{sf lgldQ

aflnsfx?sf] egf{ tyf pknAwLdf j[l4 ug]{ cy{sf nflu

ljBfno ejgx?sf] j[l4 / dd{t ;+xf/ ug]{ ;jfndf dlxnfx?sf] lglZrt

;d:ofx? h:t} kof{Kt dlxnf zf}rfnox?sf] ;+Vof cfbL ;dfj]z ug]{

dlxnf lzIfsx?sf] egf{ u/L / pgLx?nfO{ k"0f{ ?kdf ;xof]u ug]{

@_ ljs]Gb|Ls/0f cGtu{t ljBfno ;'wf/ of]hgf / Ifdtf clej[l4sf ;DjGwdf lhNnf tyf

;fd'bflos txdf k|bfg ul/g] k|lzIf0fx?df lglZrt k|ltzt dlxnfx? ;dfj]z

ul/g'kg]{

#_ kof{Kt ;+Vofdf dlxnfx?sf] ;xeflutfsf] ;'lglZrtfsf] lgldQ ljs]Gb|Ls/0fsf

;DjGwdf lbOg] k|lzIf0fdf ;xefuL x'g] x?sf] tYofÍnfO{ n}lËs ?kdf ljefhg ug]{

s]Gb|Lo nufgL kl/of]hgf CIP lzIff ljefusf] Joj:yfkg -efu *_

l;kmfl/zx?

n}lËs cWoog ;d"xn] Joj:yfkgsf e"ldsfx?df dlxnfx?sf] ;+Vof j[l4sf nflu klxn] g}

cfjfh p7fO;s]sf] 5 . o; ;d'xn] dlxnfx?nfO{ s'g} pRr:t/Lo ;'emfj cfof]usf

;b:ox?sf ?kdf klg ;dfj]z ul/of];\ eGg] sfdgf klg ub{5 . t;y{ of] n}lËs cWoog

;d'x l;kmfl/z ub{5 ls M

s_ ;j}} ;'emfj cfof]ux?df dlxnfx? ;dfj]z ul/g'kb{5

v_ ;Dk"0f{ txx?df dlxnf Joj:yfksx?sf] ;+Vof a9fpg' kb{5

@=) l;sfO{ pknAwL

kf7\ok':ts k'glg{df{0f tyf d'NofÍg -efu %_

kf7\oqmd tyf kf7\ok':ts –pk efu %=!_

l;kmfl/zx? M

!= ;do kl/l:ylt / /fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o kl/j]zx?n] dfu u/] adf]lhd kf7\oqmd tyf

kf7\ok':tsx?sf] k'g/fjnf]sg, k'glg{df0f tyf k'gn]{vg ul/g' kb{5 .

@= kf7\oqmd lgdf{tfx? tyf kf7\ok':ts n]vsx?n] n}lËs d'2fx? df ;'wf/ ug]{ vfnsf

n}lËs k"jf{u|x /lxt z}lIfs ;fdfu|Lx? s;/L lgdf{0f ug{ ;lsG5 eGg] ;DjGwdf k|lzIf0f

k|bfg ug'{ kb{5 .

#= dlxnf n]lvsfx? / dlxnf kf7\oqmd lgdf{tfx?nfO{ kf7\oqmd tyf kf7\ok':tssf]

lgdf{0fdf ;xefuL u/fOg'kb{5 .

$= kf7\oqmd / kf7\ok':tsx? n}lËs, ;fdflhs / If]qLo k'jf{u|xx? d'Qm x'g'kb{5 .

133

%= lzIfs lgb]{lzsfx? / ;xof]uL kf7\o ;fdfu|Lsf] ljsf; ul/g'kb{5 / ;DjlGwt ;j}nfO{

ljt/0f ul/g' kb{5 .

^= kf7\oqmd sfof{Gjog tyf kf7\ok':tsx?sf] k|of]usf] lgldQ lzIfsx?nfO{ k|lzlIft

u/fOg' kb{5 .

&= kf7\oqmdsf] lg/LIf0f tyf d'NofÍg lglZrt tflnsfsf] cfwf/df sfof{Gjog ul/g' kb{5 .

*= kf7\oqmd / kf7\ok':tsx? tyf cGo kf7\o ;fdfu|Lx? cfjZos kg]{ ;dodf ljt/0f

ul/g' kb{5 .

(= kf7\oqmd / lzIfs k|lzIf0f lg/Gt/ d'NofÍg k|0ffnL ;+u cGt/;DjlGwt x'g' kb{5 .

kf7\ok':ts ljt/0f

3_ l;kmfl/zx?

!= kf7\ok':tsx?sf] lgMz'Ns ljt/0f ug]{ sfo{nfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbOg' kb{5 / ljt/0f k|lqmofsf]

k'g/fjnf]sg ul/g' kb{5 .

@= kf7\ok':ts ljt/0fsf d'Vo kl/of]hgfx?sf] d'NofÍg ul/g' kb{5 .

#= kf7\ok':tssf] u'0f:t/ / cfsf/df ;'wf/ ul/g' kb{5 .

$= kf7\ok':ts ljt/0f k|lqmofnfO{ Jofks ?kdf lj:tf/ ul/g' cfjZos 5 .

%= cgfjZos vr{ x6fOg' kb{5 / ljt/0f k|0ffnLnfO{ ;/n jgfOg' kb{5 .

^= kf7\ok':tsx?sf] 5kfO tyf ljt/0f ;dodf g} ul/g' kb{5 .

&= ljBfno txdf kf7\ok':tsx? ljBfnox?dfkm{t pknAw u/fOg' kb{5 . kf7\ok':tssf]

ljt/0fdf ljBfno Joj:yfkg ;ldltx? / ufpF lzIff ;ldtx?nfO{ ;xefuL u/fOg'

kb{5 .

lg/Gt/ d'NofÍg -pkefu %=@_

-3_ l;kmfl/zx?

!= kl/of]hgf sfof{Gjog ul/Psf ljBfnox?df kof{Kt lzIfsx? pknAw u/fOg' kb{5 .

@= w]/} ;+Vofdf ljBfyL{x? 5g\ eg] ltgLx?nfO{ b'O{ j6f sIffdf ljefhg ul/g' kb{5 .

#= kl/of]hgf ;+u kl/lrt u/fpgsf] lgldQ lzIfsx? tyf k|wfg cWofksx?nfO{ lgoldt

?kdf k|lzIf0fsf] Joj:yf ul/g' kb{5 .

$= lzIfsx?n] lgoldt d'NofÍsg ;+u ;DjlGwt z}lIfs k|lzIf0fx? k|fKt ug'{ kb{5 .

%= kl/of]hgfnfO{ bL3{sfnLg jgfpgsf lgldQ cfjZos vr{ h'6fpg] dfWodx? vf]lhg'

kb{5 .

^= lg/Gt/ d'NofÍgn] jfnjflnsfx?df k/]sf] k|efjdf s'g} leGgtf 5 eg] To;sf] klxrfg

ul/g' kb{5 .

lzIfs k|lzIf0f tyf k]zfut ;xof]u -efu ^_

134

-3_ l;kmfl/zx?

n}lËs b[li6sf]0faf6 Wofg lbg'kg]{ b'O{j6f Psbd} dxTjk"0f{ kIfx? 5g\ M– w]/} dlxnf k|lzIfsx?

/ >f]t JolQmx?sf] egf{ / k|lzIf0f OsfO tyf sfo{qmdx?df a9L n}lËs kIfsf tflndx?sf]

;dfj]z ul/g' kb{5 . lzIfsx?nfO{ lgoldt / ljz]if sfo{qmdx? dfkm{t blnt / ckfË

ajfnjflnsfx?n] ljBfno / ;dfhdf cg'ej ug]{ ljleGg ;d:ofx?sf jf/]df dWo gh/ u/L

:ki6 / ljlzi6 tflnd k|bfg ul/g' kb{5 . o:tf k|lzIf0fx?ljgf jflnsfx? ;w} lkl8t

e}/xG5g\ .

!_ dlxnf k|lzIfsx? tyf >f]t JolQmx?sf] egf{ .

-s_ dlxnf cfj]bsx? k|lt ul/g] k"jf{u|xnfO{ lgd'{n ug{sf lgldQ kbx?sf] tx /

cj:yfx?sf] nfluckgfpg] cfwf/x?sf] k'g/fjnf]sg ug]{ .

-v_ dlxnf lzIfsx?nfO{ k|lzIfsx? / >f]t JolQmsf] kbdf cfj]bg lbgsf lgldQ

;sf/fTds ?kdf k|f]T;flxt ug]{ .

-u_ of t oftfoft vr{ sd ug{sf lgldQ >f]t JolQmx?n] ;'kl/j]If0f ug'{kg]{

ljBfnox?sf] ;+Vof s6f}tL ug]{ of >f]t JolQmx?nfO{ oyf]lrt oftfoft ;'ljwf

pknAw u/fpg] jf lghL ;jf/L ;fwgx? ;+rfngsf lgldQ vr{ Joxf]g]{ .

-3_ dlxnf tyf k'?if Joj;los sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ cf+lzs lgo'lqm k|bfg ug{sf nflu

uDeL/ Wofg lbg' kg]{ .

-ª_ Pg=;L=O=8L= (NCED) n] k|df0fkq d'lv k|lzIf0fsf lgldQ :yfgLo k|lzIfsx?sf]

egf{ ug]{ / pgLx?nfO{ ;DjlGwt lhNnfx?df g} /f]huf/L lbg] .

-r_ k|lzIfsx?sf] ;?jfnfO{ P]lR5s u/fpg] .

-5_ k|lzIfsx? tyf >f]t JolQmx?nfO{ kbf]GgtL ug]{ tyf cfly{s pknAwLx? k|fKt x'g]

vfnsf k]zfut ;+/rgfx? pknAw u/fpg] .

@= k|fylds lzIffdf n}lËs ;r]tgf tyf hfu/0fsf nflu lzIfs k|lzIf0fsf nflu PsfO

zLif{ssf] lgdf{0f ug]{ .

-s_ z}lIfs If]qsf n}lËs ;d:ofx?sf ;DjGwdf Pp6f ljlzi6 k|lzIf0f PsfOsf]

lgdf{0f ug]{ .

-v_ k|lzIf0f PsfOx?sf] k'gd'{NofÍg ug]{ / ;j} k|lzIf0f If]qx?sf ;Dk"0f{

zLif{sx?df jfnjflnsfx?sf ljleGg cfjZostfx?nfO{ k|ToIf ?kdf ;Djf]wg

ug]{ vfnsf zLif{sx? ;dfj]z ug]{ / n}lËs k'jf{u|x tyf dlxnfx?sf] sd

k|ltlglwTj, hftLo ;dfhdf pgLx?sf] e"ldsf / cj:yfnfO{ l;ldt ug]{

Jojwfgx?nfO{ x6fpgsf] lgldQ k|lzIf0f sfo{qmdx?sf] k'g/fjnf]sg ug]{ .

#= l;sfO{ pknAwLdf j[l4 ug{sf lgldQ Joj;flos tyf k|fljlws sd{rf/Lx?sf nflu

k|lzIf0f

-s_ dlxnf tyf k'?if k|lzIfsx?, >f]t JolQmx?, lk=l6=l6=l;=(PTTC) x?,

k|wfgfWofksx? / Pg=l;=O=l8= (NCED) k|lzIfsx?sf nflu n}lËs n}lËs tflnd -

135

n}lËs of]hgf, n}lËs ljZn]if0f, n}lËs hfu/0f / ;r]tgfsf jf/]df_ k|bfg ug]{

dlxnfx?nfO{ k|lzIf0fsf lgldQ ljz]if k|fyldstf lbg] .

-v_ dlxnf lzIfsx?, dlxnf k|wfgfWofksx?, dlxnf >f]t JolQmx? / dlxnf

k|lzIfsx?sf lgldQ Ifdtf clej[l4 tflnd

-u_ dlxnf k|wfg cWofksx?, ;xfos k|wfgfWofksx?, >f]t JolQmx? / lgl/Ifsx? sf

nflu g]t[Tj ljsf;sf] nflu k|lzIf0f .

-3_ ;Dk"0f{ dlxnf k|wfgfWofksx?, k|lzIfsx? / >f]t JolQmx?sf nflu dlxnfx? k|lt

cfOkg]{ 3/]n' tyf k]zfut pQ/bfloTjx?jLr ;Gt'ng Nofpgsf lgldQ k|lzIf0f .

-ª_ kfFrj6f lhNnfx?df ;]l/8 (CERID) sf] ækl/jt{gsf] jxfssf ?kdf dlxnf

lzIfsx?Æ sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug{ / tLg dlxgf k5fl8 csf]{ sfo{qmd ug'{ k"j{ g} To;

sfo{qmdsf] k|efjsf] d'NofÍg ug]{ .

k|df0fkq d'vL k|lzIf0f -pkefu ^=@_

l;kmfl/zx? M

!= k|lzIf0f lnO/x]sf lzIfsx?sf nflu k|f]T;fxg k|bfg ug]{ .

@= ;Dk"0f{ sfo{qmdx?df n}lËs d'2fnfO{ ;dfj]z ug{sf ldldQ sfo{qmdx?sf] k'g/fjnf]sg

ul/g' kb{5 .

#= o;}u/L lzIffdf n}lËs d'2fx? ;DaGwL Pp6f sfo{qmd ylkg' kb{5 .

$= o;sf] nIo ;Dk"0f{ lzIfsx? ;]jf k"j{ g} clgjfo{ ?kdf k|lzlIft x'g'k5{ .

%= k|lzIf0fsf nflu cfj]bg lbgsf lgldQ dlnf lzIfsx?nfO{ k|f]T;flxt ul/g' kb{5 .

dlxnf lzIfsx?sf] egf{

-3_ l;kmfl/;x?

of] ;d:of ;dfwfgsf lgldQ s]lx l;kmfl/;x? ul/Psf 5g\ M

!= l/Qm /x]sf jf kbx? tyf dlxnfsf] b/jGbLdf lgo'Qm ul/Psf k'?ifx?sf ;DjGwdf

;fd'bflos txdf ;'rgf ;+sng ug'{ .

@= ;d'bfodf k|j]lzsf k/LIffdf plQ0f{ 5fqfx?sf] ;+Vof / l:ylt ls6fg ug{sf lgldQ

dlxnf lzIfsx? tyf u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx?sf] ;xfotfdf :yfgLo ?kdf ;j]{If0f ug'{ .

#= l/Qm kbx?sf] lj1fkg ug]{, pQm ljBfnosf] gfd ls6fg ug]{ / cGtjf{tf{ tyf lgo'lQm

k|lqmofnfO{ kf/bzL{ jgfpg] .

$= dlxnf lzIfsx? lgo'Qm ubf{ pknAw ePdf lålto tx pQL0f{ dlxnfx?nfO{ k|fyldstf

lbg] .

%= b'u{d If]qx?df 6]i6 kl/Iffdf pQL0f{ 5fqfx?nfO{ cj;/ k|bfg ug'{ ltgLx?nfO{ k|j]lzsf

k/LIff pQL0f{ ug{sf nflu b'O{ jif{sf] ;dofjlw tf]Sg] / g;s]df pgLx?nfO{ lj:yflkt

ug]{ .

^= dfWoflds txsf 5fqfx?nfO{ ;]jf k"j{sf] tflnd k|bfg ug]{ .

136

&= dlxnf lzIfsx? lgo'Qm ul/Pg eg] lhNnf lzIff sfof{non] ;Dk"0f{ cGt/jftf{x? tyf

lgo'lQmx?sf] clen]v /fVg' kb{5 . lhNnf lzIff sfof{non] ;Dk"0f{ lgo'lQmx?sf] cg'df]bg

ug'{ kb{5 / dlxnfx? gePsf ljBfnox?df dlxnfx? pknAw x'g] ;Defjgfx? x'Fbfx'Fb}

k'?ifx?sf] lgo'lQmsf] cg'df]bg ug'{ x'b}g .

*= dlxnf lzIfsfx?sf nflu ef}lts ;'ljwfx?df ;'wf/ ul/g' kb{5 .

(= k|To]s ljBfnodf Ps hgf lzlIfsf /xg] nIonfO{ a9fP/ Ps ltxfO k'¥ofpg] .

!)= pgLx?nfO{ ;dfhdf kl/jt{gsf jxfssf]] ?kdf sfo{ ug{sf] lgldQ dlxnf lzIfsx?sf]

;d'x lgdf{0f ug{ k|f]T;flxt ug]{ .

!!= dlxnf lzIfsx? lgo'lQmsf] dxTjsf ;DjGwdf ljBfno Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf

;b:ox?nfO{ k|lzIf0f k|bfg ug]{ .

k|fylds ljBfnox?df dlxnf k|wfgfWofksx?sf] egf{

-3_ l;kmfl/zx?

!= dlxnfx?lj?4sf] k'jf{u|xnfO{ x6fpgsf] lgldQ dlxnf k|wfgfWofksx?sf] lgo'Qm ug]{

cfwf/x?sf] k'g/fjnf]sg ug]{ .

@= n}lËs k'jf{u|x sd ug{sf lgldQ ;Dk"0f{ lgo'lQm k|lqmofdf b'O{ hgf dlxnfx? ;dfj]z

u/fpg' kb{5 .

#= cg'elj lzlIfsfx?nfO{ g]t[TjbfoL tflndx? / kbf]GgtLsf lgldQ k|lzIf0fx? k|bg ul/g'

kb{5 .

$= ;g\ @))% ;Dddf dlxnf k|wfgfWofksx?sf] ;+Vofdf ;t k|ltztn] j[l4 ug]{ nIo

/flvg' kb{5 .

%= bz jif{ leqdf dlxnf k|wfgfWofksx?sf] ;+Vof Ps ltxfO /flvg' kb{5 .

#=) kx'Fr tyf lg/Gt/tf

ljBfnosf ef}lts ;'ljwfx? –efu !_

-3_ l;kmfl/zx?

lzIff k|0ffnLdf 7'nf ejg kl/of]hgfn] w]/} ;fwgx?sf] dfu ub{5 / kl/of]hgfsf] pknAwLnfO{

a9fpgsf lgldQ lglZrt kIfx?df Wofg lbOg' kb{5 . clxn]sf cfjZostfx? lgDg 5g\ M

!_ lzIff ljefusf] sfof{Gjog Ifdtfdf ;'wf/

@_ :yfgLo ;/sf/nO{ ljBfno ;'wf/ tyf k|ultsf] lgl/If0fk|lt pQ/bfoL jgfpgsf

lgldQ Pp6f :jt M :km't{ k|0ffnLsf] ;[hgf ug'{kb{5 .

#_ :yfgLo ;/sf/sf clwsf/Lx?nfO{ n}lËs ;d:ofx?sf ;DaGwdf hfgsf/L u/fpg] /

pgLx?nfO{ ljBfnox?df ef}lts ;'ljwfx?sf] cefjsf] sf/0fn] 5fqfx?df cfO kg]{

c;'ljwfx?sf ;DjGwdf ;'rgfx? ;+sng ug{ k|f]T;flxt ug]{ .

$_ 5fqfx? tyf dlxnf lzIfsx?sf nflu kof{Kt kfgL tyf zf}rfnosf] ;'ljwfsf]

;'lglZrttf ug]{ .

137

%_ ;/sf/L ;xof]u ;+u} :yfgLo >f]tx?sf] kl/rfng u/L ljBfnox?df ef}lts

;'ljwfx?sf] rfFhf]kfFhf] ldnfpgsf lgldQ ;d'bfonfO{ k|f]T;flxt ug]{ .

^_ ;/sf/sf] lgoldt jh]6df ufpF ljsf; ;ldltx?sf nflu 5'§fPsf] /sdaf6

ljBfnox?sf] ef}lts ;'ljwfx?sf] ;'wf/sf] Joj:yfsf] nflu s]lx lx:;fsf] Joj:yf ug]{

.

&_ sf]k (COPE) gd'gfnfO{ r/0fut ?kdf nfu' ug]{ .

j}slNks -:s'n_ lzIff -efu @_

-3_ l;kmfl/zx? M–

!_ n}lËs cfwf/df cj;/x?af6 ljd'v ;d'xx? ;DjGwL ;'rgfsf] cfwf/df lg/If/ dfkg

;DjGwL sfo{ oyf;Dej rfF8f] ug]{ .

@_ lg/If/tf dfkgsf] ;DjGwdf k|fyldstfsf] cfwf/ lgwf{/0f ubf{ jfnjflnsf tyf

lk5l8Psf ju{sf jflnsfx?sf] cfjjZostfnfO{ Wofg lbg] .

#_ O=;L=8L (ECD) tyf cfo cfh{g sfo{qmdx?nfo{ ;fIf/tf ;DjGwL Kofs]h sfo{qmdsf]

?kdf sfof{Gjog ug]{ .

$_ :yfgLo txsf ;/sf/L / u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx?sf jLr ;dgjo :yfkLt ug]{ .

%_ dflyNnf] txaf6 z'? u/L tNnf] tx;Dd r/0fj4 ?kdf n}lËs ;r]tgf ;DjGwL

tflndsf] cfjZostf 5 .

^_ sfo{qmdsf nIo tyf p2]Zox?sf] d'NofÍg ug{ tyf xfn;Dd sfo{qmd gk'u]sf

jfnjflnsfx? ;Dd k'Ug] /0flgltsf] ljsf; ug{sf] nflu ljBfno jflx/sf cWoog

cWofkg sfo{qmdx? ;DjGwL ;Dk"0f{ tYofÍsx?nfO{ n}lËs ljefhg u/L x]g]{ .

5fqfx?sf] nflu lzIff -efu #_

-3_ l;kmfl/zx?

!_ 5fqfx?sf nflu ljz]if sfo{qmdx? lg/Gt/ ?kdf nfu' ul//xg' kb{5 .

@_ lzIff k|fKt ul//x]sf u/Lj kl/jf/sf 5fqfx?af6 :ki6 tyf dfkgof]Uo pknAwLsf]

;'lglZrttfsf lgldQ lzIffsf] u'0f:t/ clej[l4sf nflu ;xof]u ug'{sf ;fy}

kl/of]hgfx?nfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbOg' kb{5 .

5fqfx?sf] nflu ef]hg 5fqfjf; (Feeder Hostel) kf]if0fu[x -pkefu #=!_

ef]hg 5fqfjf; k|0ffnLsf] k|efjsf/Ltf clej[l4sf lgldQ lgDglnlvt l;kmfl/zx? ul/Psf

5g\ M

-3_ l;kmfl/zx? M

!_ 5fqfx?nfO{ 5fqfjf;sf] p2]Zosf ;DaGwdf cled'lvs/0f k|lzIf0f k|bfg ug]{ .

138

@_ cleefjsx? tyf nlIft ;d'bfonfO{ kl/of]hgfsf] jf/]df hfgsf/L pknAw u/fpg]

p2]Zosf nflu tNnf] tx;Ddsf 5fqfjf;x?df ;'rgfx? k|jfx ug]{ .

#_ o; kl/of]hgfaf6 s;nfO{ kmfObf k'Ug] xf] eGg] ;DjGwdf :ki6 kf/bzL{ lgltsf] th'{df

ug]{ .

$_ 5fqfjf; Joj:yfkg ;ldlt, lhNnf lzIff sfof{no / uf=lj=;= jLr /fd|f] ;dGjo

:yfkgf ug]{ .

%_ 5fqfjf; ;+rfngsf lgldQ ;dfg lgb]{lzsfx?sf] to ug]{ .

^_ 5fqfjf; tyf ljBfnox?df nfUg] z}lIfs ;fdfu|Lx? / cGo vr{x? wfGgsf lgldQ

kof{Kt x'g] u/L 5fqfj[lQsf] kl/df0fdf j[l4 ug]{ .

&_ sf]7fx?, cf]5\ofgx?,k':tsfno, sDkfp08 tyf kvf{n cfbLsf] plrt ;'ljwf pknAw

u/fpg] .

*= ljBfyL{x?nfO{ cfjZos lgb]{zg lbg ;Ifd Ps hgf of]Uo k"0f{sfnLg 5fqfjf;

;+/Ifssf] Joj:yf ug]{ .

(= sIff !) sf 5fqfx?nfO{ k|j]lzsf k/LIffsf] tof/Lsf lgldQ Pp6f leGb} k|lzIf0f sIffsf]

Joj:yf ug]{ .

!)= 5fqj[lQ ;dofdf g} pknAw u/fpg] .

!!= 5fqfx?nfO{ k|jlzsf k/LIff k5fl8 k"j{–lzIfs k|lzIf0fsf]] Joj:yf ug]{ .

!@= 5fqfx?af6 cwoog kZrftsf] ;]jf s/f/ k|fKt ug]{ .

5fqj[lQ sfo{qmd -pkefu– #=@_

-3_ l;kmfl/zx?

!= k|fylds txdf 5fqj[lQsf] sf]6f tyf kl/df0f a9fpg' kb{5 .

@= 5fqj[lQ ljBfno ;q z'? x'g k"j{ g} vf]lng' kb{5 .

#= s]lGb|o tyf lhNnf :t/df 5fqj[lQsf] Joj:yfkgnfO{ k|efjsf/L tyf ;/nLs[t ul/g' kb{5

.

$= 5fqj[lQ k|bfg ul/g] cfwf/x?nfO{ ljlzli6s/0f ul/g' kb{5 / 5fqj[lQ ;DjGwL

hfgsf/Lx? ;j} ;d'bfox?df pknAw u/fOg' kb{5 .

%= 5fqj[lQsf] b'?kof]u ePsf] v08df s8f sf/jfxL ul/g' kb{5 .

^= sfo{qmdsf] k|efjsf/L cg'udg tyf lgl/If0f ul/g' kb{5 .

&= 5fqj[lQ sfo{qmdsf] ulx/f] d'NofÍg ul/g' kb{5 . o;f] ubf{ ;dfgtfsf] l;4fGtsf] ;§f

cfjZos k/]sf 5fqfx?nfO{ 5gf}6 ug{sf lgldQ ;fwg, >f]tsf] ;b'kof]u pkof]lutfsf

nflu dfgf+sx? kQf nufpgdf ljz]if hf]8 lbg' kb{5 .

*= SofDk; txsf 5fqj[lQx?sf] k|efjsfl/tf d'NofÍgsf lgldQ pp6f 5'§} cWoog ul/g'

kb{5 .

ljBfno kf]zfs

-3_ l;kmfl/zx?

139

!= ljBfyL{x?sf] cfjZostf jdf]lhd eQf pknAw u/fOg' kb{5 , h'g Ps k6s eGbf a9L

klg x'g ;Sb5 .

@= eQf ljt/0fsf] ;DjGwdf tfhf÷oyfy{ hfgsf/L x'g' kb{5 / o;nfO{ dlxnf lzIff

zfvfåf/f PsLs[t ul/g' kb{5 .

#= lqmofsnfkx?sf] jf:tljs k|efj klxrfg ug{sf lgldQ Pp6f :t/Lo cWoog ul/g'

kb{5 .

kf]if0fo'Qm vfBfGg kl/of]hgf

-3_ l;kmfl/zx?

!= kf]if0fo'Qm vfBfGgsf] dxTjsf] jf/]df hgr]tgf sfo{qmdx? ;~rfng ul/g' kb{5 .

@= vfBfGgsf] e08f/sf] /fd|f] Joj:yf ul/g' kb{5 .

#= vfBfGg kl/of]hgfnfO{ cf=k|=lz=k=–bf]>f] ;+u ;DjlGwt u/fOg' kb{5 .

$= o; kl/of]hgfnfO{ dlxnfx?sf] egf{ k|ltzt sd /x]sf lhNnfx?df lj:tf/ ul/g' kb{5

.

%= egf{ tyf z}lIfs lg/Gt/tf sfo{qmdsf] k|efjsf jf/]df ;j]{If0f ul/g' kb{5 .

ljz]if ;d'xsf] lzIff nflu lzIff –efu $

l;kmfl/zx? M

!= pTkLl8t ;d"xx?sf] klxrfg ul/g'sf ;fy} ltgLx?nfO{ nlIft ul/g' kb{5 .

@= pTkLl8t nlIft ;d'xnfO{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpgsf lgldQ sfdsf nflu vfBfGg tyf

ljBfno kf]if0f sfo{qmdx? ;~rfng ul/g' kb{5 .

#= o:tf If]qx?df /x]sf ljBfnox?df pko'Qm lzIfs k|lzIf0fåf/f lzIffsf] u'0f:t/

psf:g / u'0f:t/Lo lzIf0f tyf l;sfO{ ;fdfu|Lx?sf] pTkfbgsf lgldQ lg/Gt/

k|of;x? ul/g' kb{5 .

$= a9L eGbf a9L jfnjflnsfx?nfO{{ cfsif{0f ug{, ljz]if t jflnsfx?nfO{ ljBfnodf

cfsif{0f ug{sf lgldQ plrt tyf kof{Kt ef}lts ;'ljwfx? pknAw u/fOg' kb{5 .

%= o:tf If]qx?nfO{ ljz]if k|fyldstf k|bfg ul/ Ps dlxnf lzIfs lgltnfO{ uDeL/tf

k"j{s nfu' ul/g' kb{5 .

^= ljBfnox?df sIff ! b]lv % ;Ddsf] k"0f{ k|fylds rqm x'g' kb{5 .

&= ljBfnox?sf] cg'udg tyf lgl/If0fsf lgldQ ljBfno Joj:yfkg ;ldltx?sf] u7g

ul/ ltgLx?nfO{ lqmoflzn u/fOg' kb{5 .

*= :yfgLo u}/;/sf/L / ;d'bfodf cfwfl/t ;+:yfx?sf] ;zlQms/0f ul/ ltgLx?sf

ljBfnodf Ps b]lv kfFr sIff ;Ddsf] k"0f{ k|fylds rqm x'g' kb{5 .

(= :yfgLo u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx? / ;d'bfosf] ;+:yfx?nfO{ ;zQm u/fO{ ljBfyL{ tyf

lzIfsx?sf] cfjZostfsf] cfwf/df sfo{qmdx? tof/ ug]{ k|]l/t tyf k|bfg ug{sf

nflu pkof]u ul/g' kb{5 .

!)= jflb jflnsfx?sf nflu ;fdflhs cfly{s tyf z}lIfs sfo{qmdx? ;dfj]z x'g] u/L

Pp6f ljz]if kl/of]hgfsf] lgdf{0f ul/g' kb{5 .

140

!!= jfnjflnsfx?sf] lxtnfO{ kmfObf k'¥ofpgsf lgldQ o; kl/of]hgfdf ;+nUg ;Dk"0f{

tYofÍsx?nfO{ leGbf leGb} ?kdf k|:t't ul/g' kb{5 .

ljz]if lzIff -efu – kfFr_

-3_ l;kmfl/zx?

!= zf/Ll/s ?kn] czQm jfnjflnsfx?sf] oyfy{ ;+Vof ls6fg ug{sf nflu Pp6f ;j]{If0f

ug]{ .

@= sfo{qmdx?nfO{ ldtJofoL u/fpg] .

#= czQm jfnjflnsfx?sf nflu ;:tf z}lIfs ;fdfu|Lx?sf] lgdf{0f ug{sf nflu k|lzIf0f

sfo{qmdx? ;~rfng ug]{ .

$= b'ljwf / lj/f]wfefifx?x6fpg] .

%= lzIff ljefu / u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx?jLr ;dGjo :yflkt ug]{ / ljz]if lzIffsf]

ljsf;df u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx?nfO{ j9L lhDd]jf/Lx? lbg] .

^= lg/Gt/ lzIff tyf cg'udg sfo{qmdx?sf nflu /fd|f] ;+oGqx/sf] ljsf; ug]{ .

&= czQm jfnjflnsfx?sf] ;+Vofsf] cfwf/df ljBfno tyf lhNnfx?åf/f sIff lj:tf/

ug]{ .

*= czQm jfnjflnsfx?df cfTd ljZjf; a9fpg tyf c? gful/s ;/x /fi6«sf] Pp6f

lhDd]jf/ gful/s x'F eGg] efjgfsf] ljsf;sf lgldQ ljleGg z}lIfs sfo{qmdsf]

;+rfng ug]{ .

(= lzIfs k|lzIf0f sfo{qmddf afn dgf]lj1fgnfO{ ;dfj]z ul/g' kb{5 .

!)= plrt l;sfO{ ;fdfu|Lx? tyf cGo cfjZos ;fdfu|Lx? pknAw u/fpg' kb{5 .

!!= czQm jfnjflnsfx?nfO{ klg lzIffsf] cfjZostf kb{5 eGg] ;DjGwdf ;d'bfox?

tyf ljBfnox?df r]tgf a9fpg] .

k"j{ jfNofj:yf ljsf; -efu ^_

-3_ l;kmfl/zx?

!= of]hgfljbx? tyf lglt lgdf{tfx?nfO{ k"j{jfNofj:yf ljsf; kl/of]hgfsf] wf/0ff,

p2]Zo tyf dxTjsf jf/]df k|lzIf0f lbOg' kb{5 .

@= cleefjsx?, ufpF ljsf; ;ldltsf kbflwsf/Lx? / ;d'bfonfO{ cled'lvs/0f tflnd

lbOg' kb{5 .

#= k|fylds ljBfnox? / k"j{ jfNojf:yf ljsf; s]Gb|x? jLr glhssf] ;DjGw x'g' kb{5

.

$= jfnjflnsfx?sf jf/]df k"j{ jfNofj:yf ljsf; s]Gb|sf sd{rf/Lx? tyf Joj:yfx? g}

xflh/ ubf{ n}lËs l:yltsf] ljj/0f /fVg' kb{5 .

%= k"j{ jfNofj:yf ljsf; s]Gb|x?nfO{ kf]if0fo'Qm vfBfGg kl/of]hgf;+u ;DjlGwt ul/g'

kb{5 tf ls s]Gb|sf jfnjflnsfx?n] dWofGxsf] vfhf vfg kfpg\ .

^= sfo{qmdsf] ;kmntfsf] d'NofÍgsf lgldQ k"j{ jfNofj:yf ljsf; s]Gb|sf] cwoog

ul/g' kb{5 .

141

;d'bfo kl/rfng -efu &_

-3_ l;kmfl/zx? M

!= JolQmut tyf ;fdflhs ?kdf of]ubfg lbPsfx?sf nflu k|df0fkqx?: pknAw u/fO{

;fd'bflos ;xeflutfnfO{ k|f]T;fxg ug]{ .

@= :yfgLo hg;d'bfonfO{ kl/rfng ug{ ;Ifd jgfpgsf nflu :yfgLo hgtfx?nfO{

ljBfno Joj:yfkgdf ;xefuL u/fpg] .

#= ljBfno Joj:yfkg tyf lgl/If0fsf lhDd]jf/Lx? :yfgLo hgtfx? -dlxnf tyf k'?if

b'j}_ nfO{ ;'Dkg] .

$= :yfgLo dlxnf tyf k'?ifx?nfO{ ljBfnosf] cfly{s Joj:yfgdf ;xefuL u/fpg] .

%= ljs]Gb|Ls/0fsf] lgltnfO{ Jojxfl/s ?kdf sfof{Gjog ul/ :yfgLo hg;d'bfonfO{

ljBfno pgLx?sf] :jfldTjdf /x]sf] efjgf ljsf; ug]{ .

^= ;d'bfo ;xeflutfsf nflu sf]k (COPE) gd'gf clËsf/ ug]{ .

;fIf/tf sfo{qmd -dlxnf lzIff sfo{qmd_ M -efu cf7_

-3_ l;kmfl/zx? M

!= ;j{k|yd cf=k|=lz=k=–bf]>f], nfu' ePsf lhNnfx?sf] ;fIf/tf cj:yf ;DjGwL tYofÍ

;+sng ul/g' kb{5 .

@= lt lhNnfx?df dlxnfx?nfO{ cfjZos ;fIf/tf tyf ;+Vof ;DjGwL 1fgsf] klxrfg

u/L To;nfO{ ;dfj]z ug{ ;Sg] vfnsf sfo{qmdx?f] th'{df ug]{ .

#= cfo>f]t psf:g pkof]uL lqmofsnfkx?sf] klxrfg ug{sf nflu ;DefJotfsf] cwoog

tyf jhf/ cg';Gwfg ul/g' kb{5 .

$= s]Gb|Lo tyf lhNnfut txdf k|efusf/L cg'udg lgl/If0f / d'NofÍg k|0ffnL :yflkt

ul/g' kb{5 .

%= lzIf0f tyf l;sfOsf ljleGg ljlwx?sf] k|of]u ul/g' kb{5 / u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx?åf/f

tof/ ul/Psf l;sfOsf z}nLx?nfO{ plrt :yfg lbOg' kb{5

cg';'rL @

P=P;=cfO=lk= (ASIP) @))@–@))# sf nflu

n}lËs cWoog ;d'x hgj/L @))@ n] k|:t't u/]sf] k|ltj]bg

kx'Fr / z}lIfs lg/Gt/tf

!= dlxnf lzIfsx?sf] lgo'lQm

@= 5fqj[lQ sfo{qmdsf] lj:tf/

#= ef]hg 5fqfjf;x?sf] k|efjsfl/tf clej[l4

142

$= ljz]if sfo{qmdx?n] jfnsx? tyf jflnsfx?df k/]sf] k|efjsf] leGgf leGg} tYofÍ

/fVg'

%= ljBfnox?sf] ef}lts ;'ljwfx?df ;'wf/

l;sfO{ pknAwL

!= Joj;flos tyf k|fljlws k'?if tyf dlxnf sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ n}lËs ;r]tgfsf ;DjGwdf

k|lzIf0f lbg' / k]zfut ljsf;sf nflu dlxnf sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ k|lzIf0f k|bfg ug'{

@= k|fylds lzIffdf n}lËs ;r]tgf / hfu/0fsf] jf/]df lzIfs tflndsf nflu PsfO tyf

zLif{sx? tof/ ug'{

#= dlxnf k|lzIfsx? / >f]t JolQmx?sf] egf{ ug'{

$= k|fylds ljBfnox?df dlxnf k|wfgfWofksx? lgo'Qm ug'{

%= k|fylds txsf kf7\ok':tsx?af6 n}lËs k'jf{u|x x6fpg'

^= lg/Gt/ d'NofÍgnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbg'

Ifdtf clej[l4

!= k'?if tyf dlxnf sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ n}lËs tyf /0flglts of]hgfsf ;DjGwdf k|lzIf0f

k|bfg ug'{ / z}lIfs Joj:yfkg tyf k|zf;gdf n}lËs ;dtf k|fKtLsf nflu dlxnf

sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ k]zfut tflnd k|bfg ug'{

@= lghfdlt ;]jf lgodfjnL / lgo'lQm k|lqmofx?sf] k'g/fjnf]sg ug'{

#= lzIff ljefu / lzIff dGqfnodf n}lËs ;dfgtf Nofpg'

$= ljs]lGb|s/0f k|lqmofdf n}lËs ;dfgtfdf Wofg k'¥ofpg'

x:tIf]ksf

If]qx?

P=P;=cfO=lk= ASIP @))@–#

(ASIP 2002-3) P=P;=cf=O{=lk= @))#–$ bL3{sfnLgsfo{qmd

x?

kx'Fr tyf

z}lIfs

lg/Gt/tf

dlxnf lzIfsx?sf] lgo'lQm ef]hg 5fqfjf;sf] ;'wf/ ef}lts ;'ljwfx?sf]

ljsf; tyf

lg/Gt/tf ;'wf/

5fqj[lQ sfo{qmdsf] lj:tf/ nlIft ;d'xsf jfnjflnsf

x?sf lgldQ ;~rflnt

ljz]if sfo{qmdx?sf]

k|efjsf] d'NofÍg

l;sfO{df

pknAwL

dlxnf >f]t JolQmx? tyf

dlxnf k|lzIfsx?sf] lgo'lQm

k|fylds ljBfnox?df

dlxnf k|wfgfWofksx?sf]

egf{

kf7\ok':tsx?af6

n}lËs lje]b

x6fpg'

Joj;flos tyf k|ffljlws

dlxnf tyf k'?if sd{rf/Lx?

nfO{ n}lËs ;r]tgf ;DjGwdf

tflnd / k]zfut ljsf;sf

nflu dlxnf sd{rf/Lx?nfO{

tflnd

n}lËs ;r]tgf / hfu/0fsf

;DjGwdf lzIfs tflnd

k|bfg ug{ cfjZos

PsfOx? tyf zLif{sx?sf]

ljsf;

lg/Gt/

d'NofÍgnfO{

lg/Gt/tf lbg'

143

Ifdtf

clej[l4

k'?if tyf dlxnf sd{rf/LnfO{

n}lËs tyf /0flglts

of]hgfsf ;DjGwdf tflnd /

z}lIfs Joj:yfkg tyf

k|zf;gdf n}lËs ;dtf

k|fKtLsf nflu dlxnf

sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ k]zfut

k|lzIf0f

lghfdlt ;]jf lgodfjnL /

lgo'lQm k|lqmofx?sf]

k'gfjnf]sg

lzIff ljefu / lzIff

dGqfnodf n}lËs ;dfgtf

Nofpg'

ljs]lGb|Ls/0f k|lqmofdf n}lËs

kIfnfO{ ;dfj]z

jflif{s /0fgLlts of]hgf

/0flglts sfo{qmdsf] k'g/fjnf]sg

kx'Fr tyf lg/Gt/tf

cf=k|=lz=k=– bf]>f] sfo{qmd

p2]Zo # cg';'rL ! M ljz]if u/L 5fqfx? tyf c;Ifd jfnjRrfx?nfO{ cfwf/e't tyf

k|fylds lzIff kl/of]hgfdf ;dfg kx'Frsf] clej[l4 ug'{

p2]Zo # k|fKt ug]{ d'Vo /0flgltx? ;'ljwfljlxg ju{, c;Ifd jfnjRrfx?sf nflu ljz]if

sfo{qmdx?, egf{ j[l4sf nflu ;d'bfosf] kl/rfng, k"j{ jfNofj:yf ljsf; s]Gb|x?sf] :yfkgf,

ljBfno jflx/sf 5fqfx?sf nflu pTk|]l/t ug]{ sfo{qmdx? / ef]hg 5fqfjf; sfo{qmd kb{5g\

.

p2]Zo $

;fd'bflos Joj:yfkg dfkm{t ljBfnosf] ef}lts jftfj/0fsf] u'0f:t/ psf:g'

oL p2]Zo k|fKtLsf nflu ckgfOg'kg]{ /0flgltx? cGtu{t sIffsf]7fx? dd{t, ljBfnox?sf]

ef}lts ;'wf/, ljBfno lgdf{0f lglb[i6 sfo{of]hgf (Specific Intervention) / P;=cfO{=lk= (SIP) sf] of]hgf lgdf{0f tyf Joj:yfkgdf ;d'bfosf] ;xeflutf cfbL kb{5g\ .

144

g]kfndf lzIffsf] ljsf; / lj:tf/ !)$ jif]{ hxflgofF zf;gsf] cGTo;+u} ;g\ !(%! -lj=;+=

@))&_ ;fnaf6 z'? ePsf] xf] . krf;sf] bzsdf ;fIf/tf k|ltzt hDdf #=( lyof] / dlxnf

;fIf/tf s]jn )=&Ü dfq lyof] . xfn;fn} ul/Psf] cWoogn] b]vfP cg';f/ k'?if ;fIf/tf

&!=!Ü tyf dlxnf ;fIf/tf $$=*Ü /x]sf] 5 .

lzIff ljsf;sf] l:yltn] t'ngfTds ?kdf

pT;flxt glthf b]vfpFb5 . lrGtf ug'{ kg]{ tYo s] 5 eg] ^–!) jif{ pd]/sf @*Ü

jfnjRrfx? clxn];Dd klg lzIffaf6 jl~rt 5g\ . k|fylds sIffx?df egf{ ePsf

jfnjRrfx?dWo] cf};t !@Ü n] k|fylds sIffx?df g} ljBfno TofU5g\, #&Ü n] sIff !

bf]xf]¥ofpF5g\ / hDdf $!Ü ljBfyL{x?n] k|fylds lzIffsf] rqm k'/f ub{5g\ . oL dWo] xfdL

5fqfx?sf] ;+Vofdf g} jfx'Notf kfpFb5f}+ hf] ;f+:s[lts, ;fdflhs / cfly{s sf/0fx?n] ubf{

z}lIfs cj;/x?af6 jl~rt 5g\ .

;g\ !((( df v'b egf{ b/ &@Ü b]vfPsf] 5 h;df 5fqx?sf] v'b egf{ b/ &(Ü 5 eg]

5fqfx?sf] ^$Ü 5 .

lzIffdf 5fqfx?sf] cj:yf 5fqx?sf] ;dfg p7fpgsf] lgldQ >L % sf] ;/sf/n] gjf}F

of]hgfdf ljleGg lgltx? lgdf{0f u/]sf] 5 / ;f]xL cg'?k cf=k|=lz=k=–bf]>f]n] klg 5fqfx?nfO{

lzIffdf ;dfg cj;/ lbnfpgsf lgldQ ljleGg tTjx?nfO{ PsLs[t u/L sfo{ ;~rfng u¥of]

.

cg'ej tyf sfo{qmd If]q cjnf]sg

hgsk'/df ul/Psf] sfo{qmd -If]]q_ cjnf]sgsf] qmddf n}lËs ;d'xn] # j6f ljBfnox?sf]

cjnf]sg u¥of] / k|wfgfWofksx?, k'?if lzIfsx?, dlxnf lzIfsx?, cleefjsx?, >f]t

JolQm tyf lzIff ljefusf sd{rf/Lx?;+u cGtjf{tf{ lnof] .

If]q cWoogaf6 xfdLn] ef}lts ;'ljwfx?, dlxnf lzIfsx?sf] cj:yf, 5fqj[lQ tyf kf]if0fk|fKt

vfB sfo{qmdx? ;DjGwdf hfgsf/L tyf ;'rgfx? ;+u|x u¥of} .

cf=k|=lz=k= bf];|f]sf] ljBfno lgdf{0f ug]{ sfo{qmd 5 t/ xfdLn] cjnf]sg u/]sf ljBfnox?df

% j6f sIffx?sf nflu kof{Kt 7fpF lyPg / sIffx? jflx/ ;~rfng eO/x]sf lyP, kmlg{r/x?

kof{Kt lyPgg\ / lzIfsx?sf] sf]6f k'lt{ ul/Psf] lyPg .

n}lËs cWoog ;d'xn] s] wf/0ff /fVb5 eg] k|fylds ljBfnox?df dlxnfx?sf] kx'Fr

clej[l4sf nflu tTsfn} ckgfpg'kg]{ dxTjk"0f{ /0flgltx?df dlxnf lzIfsx?sf] lgo'lQm,

5fqj[lQ sfo{qmdsf] nflu k|efjsf/L k|zf;g, kf]if0f 5fqfjf;x?sf] pko'Qm dd{t ;Def/ /

kf]if0f ef]hg 5fqfjf;sf 5fqfx?nfO{ lzIf0fsf nflu lgo'Qm ug'{ cfbL kb{5g\ .

;'emfj tyf l;kmfl/zx?

!= dlxnf lzIfsx?sf] lgo'lQm

145

nIo

n}lËs ;dfgtf / ;fdflhs Gofo

k|of]hg

k|fylds ljBfnox?df ;xdt ul/P cg';f/sf sf]6fx?df dlxnf lzIfsx?sf] lgo'lQm ul/

/fli6«o tyf cf=k|=lz=k=–bf]>f]sf nIox?nfO{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg', ;'ljwfljlxg÷lk5l8Psf

5fqfx?nfO{ 5fqj[lQx? pknAw u/fpg', 5fqfx?nfO{ ef]hg 5fqfjf;x? dfkm{t lzIf0f k]zfdf

k|j]z ug{ k|f]T;flxt u/L dlxnf lzlIfsfx?sf] k|j4{g ug'{ / ljBfnox?df kof{Kt ef}lts

;'ljwfx? pknAw u/fpg' .

p2]Zox?

!_ dlxnf lzlIfsfx?sf] sf]6f vfnL ePdf jf dlxnf lzIfs sf]6fdf k'?if lzIfsx? k"lt{

ul/Psf ljBfnox?sf] klxrfg ug'{ .

@= ljBfno Joj:yfkg ;ldlt, ;|f]tJolQm / u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yfx?n] lhNnfdf P;=Pn=;L=

kf; u/]sf dlxnfx?sf] ;+Vof kQf nufpg] .

#= k|j]lzsf kl/Iff pQL0f{ u/]sf dlxnfx?nfO{ vfnL /x]sf lzIfs b/jGbLx?df lgj]bg

lbg k|f]T;flxt ug]{ .

$= k|j]lzsf kl/Iff pQL0f{ dlxnfx?nfO{ 3/af6 kfos kg]{ 7fpFdf /x]sf ljBfnox?df

lgo'Qm ug]{ .

%= k|j]lzsf kl/Iff pQL0f{ dlxnfx? pknAw gePdf dfWoflds tx;Dd cWoog u/]sf

dlxnfx?nfO{ sIff ! / @ df k9fpgsf nflu tof/ kfg]{ .

x:tIf]ksf If]qx?M

l;=g+= lqmofsnfk nlIft

;d'x

sfo{ ;'rfÍ pknJwL

;'rfÍ

lzIff dGqfno ÷ lzIff

ljefu / zfvfx?sf

lhDd]jf/L

!= vfnL /x]sf]

cyjf

k'?ifåf/f k"lt{

ul/Psf

dlxnf

lzIfs

sf]6fx?sf

jf/]df ;'rgf

;+sng ug'{

k|j]lzsf

pQL0f{

5fqfx?

vfnL b/aGbL

/ dlxnf

sf]6fsf] jf/]df

;'rgfx?

;+sng

dlxnfx?sf

;Dk"0f{

sf]6fx?

dlxnf

lzIfsx?åf/f

k"lt{ eP jf

k'?ifåf/f k"lt{

ul/of] jf

vfnL

5fl8of]

lzIff ljefu / lzIff

zfvf

@= k|To]s

ljBfnodf

dlxnf

lzlIfsfx?

;j} k|fylds

ljBfnox?n]

b/jGbLx?df

dlxnf

lzIff ljefu,lzIff

zfvf / lzIff dGqfno

146

Ps hgf

lzlIfsf

/xg'kg]{

Joj:yfnfO{

k'g/fjnf]sg

u/L % sIff

;Ddsf

ljBfnox?df

sDtLdf klg

@hgf

lzlIfsfx?

/xg'kg]{

Joj:yf

ug]{ .

sDtLdf klg

Pp6f dlxnf

lzIfssf]

b/jGbL kfP

lzIfsx?

lgo'Qm ul/P

#= ;Dk"0f{

lhNnfx?df

k|j]lzsf

pQL0f{

5fqfx?sf]

jf/]df ;"rgf

;+sng

k|j]lzsf

pQL0f{

5fqfx?

lhNnfx?df

k|j]lzsf kf;

u/]sf

5fqfx?sf

;DjGwdf

;"rgfx?

;+sng ul/of]

dlxnf

lzIfsx?sf]

;+Vofdf j[l4

eof]

lzIff dGqfno

$= dfWoflds

txsf

5fqfx?nfO{

k"j{ ;]jf

tflnd

dfWoflds

txsf

5fqfx?

5fqfx?nfO{

lzIfs tflnd

pknAw

u/fOof]

5fqfx? sIff

! / @ df

lzIfsx?sf

?kdf lgo'Qm

ul/of]

lzIff ljefu, lzIff

zfvf,lzIff dGqfno

%= k|lt k|f=lj

df sDtLdf

klg @ hgf

lzlIfsf x'g]

lgltsf]

k'g;+/rgf

dlxnf

lzlIfsfx?

lzIff

dGqfnoåf/f

k|To]s

ljBfnodf b'O{

hgf

lzlIfsfx?

lgo'Qm ug{

lglt lgdf{0f

k|f=lj= x?n]

b'O{ hgf

dlxnf

lzlIfsfx?sf

nflu b/jGbL

kfP/ lgo'Qm

u/]

lzIff ljefu, lzIff

zfvf, lzIff dGqfno

^= k+|lzlIft

dlxnf

lzIfsx?sf]

;d'x ;[hgf

ug]{,

cfjZostf

kbf{ ;§fdf

sfd ug]{

dlxnf

lzlIfsfx?

;d'bfo

kl/rfnssf

?kdf dlxnf

lzlIfsfx?sf]

;d'x lgdf{0f

ul/of] /

tflnd k|bfg

ul/of]

;d'xsf

;b:ox?nfO{

dlxnf

egf{sf

;DjGwdf

hfu/0f

cleofg

;+rfng ug{

l8=cf]=O=, 8An"=O=P;=,

Pd=cf]=l;=

147

kl/rfng

ul/of]

&= cGtjf{tf{ /

lgo'lQm

kf/bzL{

x'g]}k5{

dlxnf

lzIfsx?

lgj]bsx?sf

;+Vof /

kf/bzL{

clen]x?

/flvof]

tTsfnLg

b/jGbL k"/f

ul/of] / gofF

lglt lgdf{0f

ul/of]

l8=cf]=O=, P;==Pd=O=

pknAwLx? M

!_ dlxnf lzIfsx?sf] tTsfnLg b/jGbLsf] k"lt{

@_ dlxnf sf]6f j[l4sf nflu lglt ;+zf]wg

@= 5fqj[lQ sfo{qmd

nIo

— ;'ljwfljlxg÷cj;/af6 jl~rt ;d'xx?sf 5fqfx?sf] egf{df j[l4 ug'{ .

p2]Zox?

— sdhf]/ cfly{s cj:yf ePsf / cj;/af6 jl~rt ;d'xx?sf 5fqfx?sf] egf{df j[l4 ug'{ .

pknAwLx? M

!= ljBfnodf 5fqfx?sf] egf{df j[l4 x'g'

@= cj;/af6 jl~rt÷;'ljwf ljlxg ;d'bfox?sf ;Dk"0f{ 5fqfx?n] 5fqj[lQ k|fKt u/] .

#= hgtfsf] cfly{s l:ylt klxrfgsf lgldQ lhNnfx?df cWoog ;DkGg

x:tIf]k ul/Psf If]qx? M

l;=g+= lqmofsnfk nlIft ;d'x sfo{ ;'rfÍ pknAwL Pd=cf]=O=

(MOE)

ljefu÷zfvfsf

lhDd]jf/L

!= of]Uo

pDd]bjf/x?sf]

5gf}6sf

cfwf/x?sf]

ljsf; ug'{

lk5l8Psf

;d'xaf6

of]Uo 5fqfx?

5gf}6sf nflu

cfwf/x?sf]

ljsf;

5fqj[lQsf

lgldQ bIf

5fqfx?sf]

5gf}6

8An"=O=P;=,

l8=cf]=O=,,

l8=O=cf]=

P;=Pd=;L=

@= ljBfnodf

5fqfx?sf]

;+Vofsf]

cfwf/df

k|fylds

ljBfnosf

5fqfx?

5fqj[lQsf]

;+Vofdf j[l4

w]/}

5fqfx?nfO{

k'/:sf/

k|bfg /

8An"=O=P;=,

l8=cf]=O=

Pd=cf]=O=

148

5fqj[lQsf]

;+Vofdf j[l4

ljBfno

5f8\g] b/df

sdL

#= 5fqj[lQ k|bfg

ul/g]

k|lqmofnfO{

lhNnfx?df

ljs]lGb|s/0f

ug'{

lhNnf lzIff

sfof{no

l8=O=cf]=

(DEO) nfO{

5fqj[lQ k|bfg

ug{ clwsf/

k|bfg

5fqfx?åf/f

;dod}

5fqj[lQ

k|fKtL

8An"=O=P;=,

l8=cf]=O=

$= 5fqj[lQsf]

/sd z}lIfs

;fdfu|Lx?df

g} vr{ ug{

ul/of] eGg]

;'lglZrt

ug{sf lgldQ

pko'Qm

lgl/If0f

k|0ffnLsf]

ljsf;

l8=O{=cf]=,

>f]t

JolQmx?,

DEO sd{rf/Lx?

lgoldt

lg/LIf0f ul/of]

/ p2]Zo

cg's'n

5fqj[lQsf] vr{

eof] .

5fqfx?n]

z}lIfs

;fdfu|Lx?

k|fKt u/]

8An"=O=P;=,

l8=cf]=O=,

l8=O=cf]=

P;=Pd=;L=

%= 5fqj[lQsf]

kl/0ffddf j[l4

k|f=lj= txsf

5fqfx?

5fqfj[lQsf]

kl/0ffddf j[l4

eof]

5fqfx?nfO{

egf{sf

lglDt

pTk|]l/t

ul/of] /

ljBfno

5f8\g] b/df

sld

8An"=O=P;=,

l8=cf]=O=,

l8=O=cf]=

P;=Pd=;L=

^= !@ lhNnfdf

;+rflnt

;dfgtfsf

cfwf/df

5fqj[lQ k|bfg

ug]{

sfo{qmdsf]

k'g/fjnf]sg

lhNnf

hg;+Vof

hgtfsf]

cfly{s cj:yf

rfn kfpgsf

lgldQ ;j]{If0f

;DkGg

cefjdf

lklN;Psf

5fqfx?n]

5fqfj[lQ

k|fKt u/]

8An"=O=P;=,

l8=cf]=O=,

l8=O=cf]=

#= egf{ j[l4sf lgldQ ef]hg 5fqfjf;sf] /0flglt

nIo M

— b'u{d If]qx?df dlxnf lzIfsx?sf] ;+Vof j[l4 ug'{

149

p2]Zo

— ljz]if u/L b'u{d If]qsf k|j]lzsf k/LIff pQL0f{ 5fqfx?nfO{ tflndsf cj;/x? k|bfg u/L

k|fylds ljBfnox?df dlxnf lgl/Ifsx?sf] ;+Vof j[l4 ug'{ .

pknAwLx?

!= ef]hg 5fqfjf;df j:g] lzlIfsfx? jGgsf nflu b'u{d If]qsf 5fqfx? pTk|]l/t

@= tflndsf lgldQ Go'gtd of]Uotf k'u]sf 5fqfx? e]6fpg s7Lg ePsf If]qx?df

;'ljwfljxLg ;d'xx?sf 5fqfx?nfO{ lzIfs tflnd k|fKt ug{sf lgldQ k"j{ cfjZos

z}lIfs sfo{qmddf kbf]GgtL

#= dlxnfx?sf] ;fIf/tf sfo{qmdx? nufot cGo ljsf;sf lqmofsnfkx? b'u{d If]qsf

hgtfx?sf] kl/rfng

$= dlxnf lzIff ;DjGwdf ;sf/fTds wf/0ffsf] ljsf;

%= ljBfnox?df 5fqfx?sf] egf{ / j[l4 / z}lIfs lg/Gt/tf

x:tIf]ksf If]qx?

l;=g+

=

lqmofsnfk nlIft ;d'x sfo{

;'rfÍx?

pknAwL

;'rfÍx?

zfvfsf

lhDd]jf/L

!= 5fqfx?nfO{ ef]hg

5fqfjf;sf

;DjGwdf

cled'lvs/0f

dfWoflds

txsf 5fqfx?

5f]6f]

cjlwsf

tflndx?sf]

;~rfng

Pkm=Pr= sf

5fqfx?n] o;sf

p2]Zox?sf

jf/]df hfgsf/L

k|fKt u/]

8An"=O=P;=

l8=O=cf]=

P;=Pd=;L=

@= Pkm=Pr= sf

;DjGwdf ;dodf g}

;'rgfsf] k|jfx

cleefjsx?,

;d'bfosf

nufgLstf{x?,

uf=lj=;=

;b:ox?,

Pg=hL=cf]= x?

ljleGg

dfWodx?

tyf JolQm–

JolQmsf]

;Dks{af6

;'rgf k|jfx

cleefjsx?

tyf ;d'bfosf

;b:o

sfo{qmdsf]

cf}lrTosf

jf/]df ;r]t

eP

8An"=O=P;=

, l8=O=cf]=

P;=Pd=;L=

#= :ki6 gLltx? 5gf}6

tyf lgdf{0f ug'{ kg]{

Pkm=Pr=sf

nflu

dfWoflds

txsf 5fqfx?

:ki6

lgltsf]

lgdf{0f tyf

kf/bzL{

jgfOof]

nlIft lhNnfx?

/ nlIft

;d'xx?af6

5fqfx?sf]

5gf}6

8An"=O=P;=

, l8=cf]=O=,

l8=O=cf]=

P;=Pd=;L=

$= ;DjlGwt ;+:yfx?

jLr /fd|f] ;DjGw

:yfkgf

8An"=O=P;=,

l8=cf]=O=,

l8=O=cf]=

;+oGqsf]

:yfkgf

;+oGq dfkm{t

;dGjosf]

:yflkt / w]/}

8An"=O=P;=

, l8=cf]=O=,

l8=O=cf]=

150

ljBfnox? 5fqfx?åf/f

Pkm=Pr= df

/xg lgj]bg

btf{

P;=Pd=;L=

%= 5fqfjf; ;+rfngsf

lgb]{zgx?df

Ps?ktf

8An"=O=P;=,

l8=cf]=O=,

l8=O=cf]=

ljBfnox?

l;=l6=O=le=6L

sflgb]{zgx?

nfu' ug'{

;Dk"0f{

5fqfjf;x?df

Ps?ktfsf]

Joj:yf

8An"=O=P;=

, l8=cf]=O=,

l8=O=cf]=

^= 5fqj[lQsf]

kl/df0fdf j[l4

Pkm=Pr=

5fqfx?

5fqj[lQsf]

kl/df0fsf]

j[l4sf nflu

sfo{

;~rfng

5fqj[lQsf]

kl/0ffddf j[l4

/ 5fqfx?sf]

ljBfno 5f8\g]

k|lqmofdf sdL

8An"=O=P;=

, l8=cf]=O=,

Pd=cf]O=O

P;=

&= ef}lts ;'ljwfx?sf]

Joj:yf

Pkm=Pr=

5fqfx?

sf]7fx?,

cf]5\ofgx?,

kfgL,

k':tsfno

cfbLsf]

Joj:yf

l;sfO{

jftfj/0fdf

;'wf/

8An"=O=P;=

, l8=O=cf]=

ljBfno ÷

P;=Pd=;L=

*= of]Uo ;+/Ifssf]

Joj:yf

Pkm=Pr=

5fqfx?

of]Uo

;+/Ifssf]

lgo'lQm

5fqfx?sf]

l;sfO{

pknAwLdf

;'wf/

8An"=O=P;=

, =O=cf]=

P;=Pd=;L=

(= sf]lrª sIffsf]

Joj:yf

Pkm=Pr=

5fqfx?

5fqfx?nfO{

cK7\of/f

ljifox?df

sf]lrª

sIffsf]

Joj:yf

w]/} 5fqfx?

pRr >]0fLdf

k|j]lzsf pQL0f{

8An"=O=P;=

, l8=O=cf]=

ljBfno÷P

;=Pd=;L=

!)= ;dodf g} 5fqfj[lQ

pknAw u/fpg'

Pkm=Pr=

5fqfx?

5fqfj[lQsf]

sf]if ;dodf

g} lgsf;

5fqfx?åf/f

;dodf g}

5fqj[lQsf] /sd

k|fKt

8An"=O=P;=

, l8=O=cf]=,

l8=cf]=O=

ljBfnox?

!!= k"j{ lzIfs

tflndsf] Joj:yf

k|j]lzsfdf

;fd]n 5fqfx?

k|j]lzsfsf]

glthf k"j{

g} k"j{

lzIfs

tflndsf]

Joj:yf

5fqfx?åf/f

lzIf0fsf

;DjGwdf

cled'lvs/0f

k|fKt

8An"=O=P;=

, l8=O=cf]=,

Pkm=cf]=O{=

!@= 5fqfx?af6 ;]jf

kZrftsf] bfloTj

k|fKt ug'{

k|j]lzsf

pQL0f{

Pkm=Pr=

lzIf0fdf

5fqfx?sf]

k|ltj4tfsf

5fqfx?åf/f

lzIfssf] ?kdf

sfo{ ug{

8An"=O=P;=

, l8=O=cf]=

151

5fqfx? nflu bfloTj

tof/ ug'{

k|ltj4tf

$= ljz]if lzIff

nIo

ckfË jRrfx?sf nflu lzIffsf] kx'Fr k'¥ofpg'

p2]Zo

dWod vfnsf czQm ePsf jfnjRrfx?nfO{ lzIff k|bfg ug'{

pknAwL

czQm 5fqfx?nfO{ k|fylds lzIffdf k|j]z u/fpg ljz]if Joj:yf

jfwfx?

czQm jfnjRrfx?sf] leGb} ljj/0f ;+sng ug'{ / sfo{qmdnfO{ ;f]lx cg'?k ;Djf]wg ug'{

%_ ljBfnosf ef}lts ;'ljwfx?

nIo

kx'Frdf ;'wf/ / egf{ j[l4

p2]Zo

pko'Qm l;sfO{ jftfj/0f ;[hgf ug{sf lgldQ kof{Kt ef}lts ;'ljwfx? pknAw u/fpg'

pknAwL

l;sfO{ jftfj/0fsf] ;'b[l9s/0fsf lgldQ Go"gtd ef}lts ;'ljwfx?sf] Joj:yf

jfwfx?

cfjZostf cg';f/ sIffsf]7fx?sf] lgdf{0f

ljBfyL{x?sf] ;+Vofsf] cfwf/df kmlg{r/sf] Joj:yf

k':tsfno / ;femf sf]7f –xn_ sf] Joj:yf

lkpg tyf cGo k|of]hgsf lgldQ kfgLsf] Joj:yf

ljBfyL{x?sf] ;+Vofsf] cfwf/df zf}rfnox?sf] lgdf{0f

152

cfwf/e't tyf k|fylds lzIff kl/of]hgf–bf]>f]÷ jflif{s /0flglts sfo{ -sfof{Gjog_ of]hgf

l;sfO pknAwLx¿

p2]Zo @, cg';'rL–! M l;sfO pknAwLdf j[l4, ljz]if u/L !–# sIff;Dd

pknAwLdf j[l4sf nflu ckgfpg] d'Vo /0flgltx?df kf7\oqmd / l;sfO ;fdfu|Lx?sf]

ljsf;–k'g/fjnf]sg ;fdfu|Lx?sf] k|of]udf ;+of]hg tyf ;'wf/ / !–% sIff;Ddsf ;Dk"0f{

5fq5fqfx?nfO{ lgMz'Ns kf7\ok':ts ljt/0f ug'{ tyf lzIfs tflnd;+u ;DjlGwt 5g\ .

lzIfs k|lzIf0fsf lgldQ # j6f ;+oGqx? 5g\ M !_ Pkm=cf]=O{= (FOE) df ;]jfk"j{ k|df0fkq

tflnd, @_ bz dlxg] ;]jfsfnLg k|df0fkq tflnd . o; cGtu{t rf/j6f r/0fx? kb{5g\

h;df klxnf] tyf rf}yf] r/0fx?df lhNnf lzIff zfvfaf6 NofOPsf Pg=l;=O{=8L=(NCED) sf

k|lzIfsx?åf/f lk=l6=l6=l;= (PTTC) df k|bfg ul/G5 . of] lhNnf ;b/d'sfddf ;~rfng

ul/G5 / bf]>f] tyf t]>f] r/0fx? /]l8of] tyf lhNnfsf >f]t JolQmx?;+u >f]t s]Gb|x?df

;Dks{;qx? ;+rfng u/L b"/ lzIff s]Gb|af6 k|bfg ul/G5 . #_ >f]t JolQmx?åf/f >f]t s]Gb|x?

tyf lk=l6=l6=l;= x?df lbOg] ;]jfsfnLg ;do ;dodf lbOg] tflndx? >f]t JolQmx? /

ltgLx?sf] s]Gb|;+u ;DjlGwt ljBfnox?sf lzIfsx?sf lg/LIf0f tyf ltgLx?nfO{ d2t ug{sf

nflu klg pQ/bfoL x'G5g\ .

t]>f] kIfsf] k'g/fjnf]sg cg';f/ lgoldt tflnd k|fKt u/]sf] lzIfsx/sf] ;+Vof ;g\ !(((–

@))) / ;g\ @)))–@))! df cf=k|=lz=k=bf];|f] sf] nIo eGbf a9L kfOof] eg] @))!–@))@

df lgoldt tflnd lng] lzIfsx?sf] ;+Vof nIo ul/PeGbf em08} $))) sd /Xof] .

Pg=l;=O=l8= åf/f rf/ lsl;dsf tflnd sfo{qmdx?df k|bfg ul/g] k|df0fkqn] ;]jfsfnLg

tflndx?n] nIo k|fKt ug{ ;s]sf 5}gg\ . k|fljlws ;d'xsf] k|ltj]bgn] ^(=(Ü pknAwL k|fKt

u./]sf] b]vfpFb5 h;df ^^)^ lzIfsx?n] tflnd lnPsf lyP . o;sf] jbnfdf lk=cfO=kL

(PIP) sf] ($#) hgf lzIfsx?nfO{ tflnd k|bfg ug]{ nIo lyof] . To;}u/L @),))) hgfdf

s]jn !*%)% hgf dfq sfo{qmddf ;xefuL eO{ s]jn (#Ü nIo k|fKtL ePsf] b]vfpF5 .

nlIft ;d'x;+uusf] 5nkmndf, tflnd lnO/x]sf lzIfsx? / tflnd k|fKt ul/;s]sfx? b'j}

;d'xn] o;nfO{ pkof]uL / Jojxfl/s kfP .&

pgLx?sf cg';f/ ltgLx?n] slxNo} yfxf

gkfPsf gofF lzIf0f ljlwx? l;s] . csf{lt/ k|lzIfsx?n] pgLx?sf] k|lzIf0f sfo{qmdnfO{

k|efjsf/L ?kdf ;+rfng ug{sf nflu ljz]if u/L lzIf0f ljlwx?sf ;DjGwdf k|lzIfsx?åf/f

ltgLx?nfO{ a9L tflnd lbOg'kg]{ cfjZostf dx;'; u/] . lzIfsx?n] gofF lzIf0f ljlwx?nfO{

slt dfqfdf k|of]u u/] eGg] ;DjGwdf k|Zgx? plAhP .

of] n}lËs cWoog ;d'x s] /fo /fVb5 eg] lzIffsf] u'0f:t/ / 5fq, 5fqfx? b'j}sf] l;sfO

pknAwLdf ;'wf/ Nofpgsf] lgldQ lzIfsx?nfO{ k|efjsf/L k|lzIf0f ;j}eGbf /fd|f /0flgltx?

dWo] Ps xf] . kl/of]hgfsf p2]Zox?;+u ;DjlGwt ljlzi6 / jf:tljs l;kmfl/zx?sf] ;"lr g}

cWoog ;d'xåf/f ck]Iff ul/Psf] Pp6f pknAwL xf] . oxL cg'?k xfdLx?n] k|fljlws tyf

Joj;flos sd{rf/Lx?sf] tflndsf lgldQ lgDglnlvt l;kmfl/zx? u/]sf 5f}F .

153

l;kmfl/zx?

!= l;sfO pknAwL j[l4sf lgldQ Joj;flos tyf k|fljlws sd{rf/L k|lzIf0f

nIo

n}lËs ;dtf / ;fdflhs Gofo

k|of]hg (Purpose)

;]jf k"j{, ;]jfsfnLg / ;]jfsflng k|df0fkq tflndx?sf] j[l4 u/L /fli6«o tyf cf=k|=lz=k= sf

nIox?df ;xfotf k'¥ofpg'

p2]Zox?

!= ;Dk"0f{ lzIfs k|lzIf0f sfo{qmddf n}lËs ;r]tgf ;+nUg ug'{

@= 5fqfx? tyf 5fqx?sf ljlzi6 cfjZostfx?sf ;DjGwdf ;Dk"0f{ sd{rf/Lx?df ;r]tgf

#= dlxnf sd{rf/Lx?sf] Joj;flos pTyfg / cfTdljZjf;sf] ljsf;

$= ;Dk"0f{ k|fylds k|wfgfWofksx?, k|lzIfsx? / >f]t JolQmx?df Ps ltxfO dlxnfx? x'g'

kg]{

%= u[x:yL tyf Joj;flos pQ/bfloTjx? jLr ;Gt'ng sfod ug{ ;Ifd dlxnf

sd{rf/Lx?

jfwfx? M–

l;=

g+=

jfwfx? s]Gb| tyf

lhNnfsf nlIft

;d'x

sfo{ ;'rfÍ pknAwL

;'rfÍ

ljefu÷zfvfsf

lhDd]jf/L

!= dlxnfx?nfO{

Ifdtf

clej[l4

tflnd

dlxnf

lzIfsx?,

dlxnf

k|wfgfWofksx?,

dlxnf >f]t

JolQmx? /

dlxnf

k|lzIfsx?

k|lt sfo{qmd @%

hgfsf b/n]

cf=k|=lz=k=–bf]>f]sf]

cGTo ;Dddf ;Dk"0f{

dlxnf sd{rf/Lx?

k|lzlIft

;Dk"0f{ txdf

dlxnf

sd{rf/Lx?sf]

;+Vofdf #)Ü

n] j[l4

Pg=l;=O=8L=

cyjf

8An"=O=o;=

@= dlxnf /

k'?ifsf nflu

n}lËs tflnd

-n}lËs

of]hgf,

k'?if tyf

dlxnf

k|lzIfsx?,

>f]t JolQmx?,

Pg=l;=O=l8= /

Pg=l;=O=l8=sf

;Dk"0f{ k|lzIfsx?

k|lzlIft÷k|To]s

lhNnfdf >f]t

JolQmx?sf] ;d'x

n}lËs

;r]tgfdf

;Dk"0f{

lzIfsx?

k|lzIf0f,

Pg=l;=O=8L= ÷

8An"=O=P;=

k/fdz{ bftfx?

cyjf z}lIfs

Pg=lh=cf]=

154

ljZn]if0f,

r]tgf /

n}lËs

;r]tgf_

lk=l6=l6=l;=

x?df k|d'v

lzIfsx?

k|lzlIft < ;Dk"0f{ z}lIfs

;fdfu|Lx?df

n}lËs tflnd

;dfj]z

x?åf/f lzIffsf

nflu n}lËs

;dfgtfsf]

tflndsf]

Joj:yf

#= dlxnfx?sf

nflu g]t[Tj

k|lzIf0f

dlxnf k|=c=

x?, ;xfos

k|=c= x?, >f]t

JolQmx? /

lg/LIfsx?

;Dk"0f{ dlxnf

Joj;flos÷k|fljlws

sd{rf/Lx? k|lzlIft

tflndsf

kbx?,

>f]tJolQm /

k|=c= sf]

kbdf lgj]bg

lbg] dlxnfn]

j[l4 / oL

dWo] %)Ü

;kmn oL

kbx?df Ps

ltxfOsf]

nIo <

8An'=O=P;÷

Pg=l;=O=8L=

tflndsf]

Joj:yf ug{

$= dlxnfx?sf

nflu u[x:yL

tyf

Joj;flos

pQ/

bfloTjx?df

;Gt'ng

;Dk"0f{ dlxnf

k|=c= x? >f]t

JolQmx? /

k|lzIfsx?sf

lgldQ

sfo{qmdx?

o; ;d'xsf ;Dk"0f{

dlxnf sd{rf/Lx?

k|lzlIft

dlxnf

sd{rf/Lx?af6

a9\bf]

pTkfbsTj,

dlxnf tyf

k'?ifx?sf

lgldQ

kfl/jfl/s

ldqtf

sfo{lgltx?sf]

lzIffIf]qdf

a9\bf] r]tgf

;]]l/8

%= kl/jt{gsf

;Djfxssf

?kdf dlxnf

lzIfsx? M

%=lhNnfx?df

l;=O=cf/=l8=

sfo{qmd

;~rfng,

kf7\oqmdsf]

c;/sf]

d'NofÍg

dlxnf

lzIfsx?sf

lgldQ k|f/lDes

k|lzIf0f / tLg

dlxgfkl5

cg'udg

sfo{qmd

kfFrj6f

cf=k|=lz=k=–bf]>f]

lhNnfx?df

kykb{zg

5fqfx?sf]

egf{df j[l4 /

k|lzlIft

lzIfsx?sf

ljBfyL{x?sf]

z}lIfs

pknAwLdf

j[l4

l;=O=cf/=cfO=8L=

cfly{s kIfsf] sfof{Gjog

155

k|f/lDes tflnd kZrft vr{df sdL cfpg] ePtf klg k|lzIf0fsf qmddf lgoldt vr{ ug'{

kg]{ ePsfn] k|lzIf0fsf] Joj:yf ljefus} jh]6af6 ul/g'kb{5 . s]lx k|fljlws ;xfotfx? z'?d}

cfjZos kg{ ;Sb5g\ .

pknAwLx?

!= b'O{ jif{sf] cjlwd} dlxnf k|wfgfWofksx?, >f]t JolQmx? / k|lzIfsx?sf] ;tk|ltztn]

j[l4, ;j} ju{df Ps ltxfO dlxnf /fVg] nIo

@= lzIf0f l;sfO cj:yfx?df n}lËs hfu/0f tyf ;r]tgfsf nflu k|bfg ul/Psf]

k|lzIf0fdf ;Dk"0f{ Pg=l;=O{=l8= k|lzIfsx? / l8=O=cf]= >f]t JolQmx? k|lzlIft

#= ;Dk"0f{ lzIfs k|lzIf0fx?df of t sfo{qmdsf ?kdf jf ;j} O{sfOx?df ;fdfGo

zLif{ssf ?kdf n}lËs ;r]tgfnfO{ ;dfj]z

$= dlxnf lzIfsx?sf] xflh/L clen]vdf ;'wf/

%= 5fqx? tyf 5fqfx?sf] pknAwLdf pRrtf k|fKtL

^= 5fqfx?sf] egf{ tyf z}lIfs lg/Gt/tfdf j[l4 / u|fdL0f ;d'bfox?df 5fqfx?nfO{

lzlIft u/fpg'sf] dxTjsf jf/]df Jofks hfu/0f

@_ k|fylds lzIffdf n}lËs ;r]tgf tyf hfu/0fsf ;DjGwdf lzIfs k|lzIf0f lgldQ

PsfO÷zLif{sx?sf] ljsf;

p2]Zo

k|fylds ljBfnosf lzIfsx?sf] k|lzIf0fdf k|of]u ug{sf lgldQ n}lËs ljifodf Pp6f

k|lzIf0f PsfO jf k|lzIf0f zLif{sx?sf] ljsf;

sfo{qmdx?

dfWoflds lzIff ljsf; PsfOåf/f tof/ ul/Psf n}lËs k|lzIf0fsf ;kmn gd'gfx?sf] k|of]u,

k|fylds If]qdf k|lzIf0fsf lgldQ k|of]u ug{sf nflu k|lzIf0f sfo{qmdx?sf] ljsf;

sfo{

k|lzIf0fsf PsfOx?sf] ljsf; tyf k/LIf0fsf nflu k|fljlws ;xfotf k|bfg

pknAwLx?

;Dk"0f{ k|lzIf0f sfo{qmdx?df n}lËs ;r]tgf k|lzIf0f PsfOx?sf] lgdf{0f / k|of]u

#_ dlxnf k|lzIfsx? / >f]t JolQmx?sf] egf{

p2]Zox?

156

!= b'O{jif{sf] cjlwdf dlxnf k|=c=x?, k|lzIfsx? / >f]t JolQmx?df !))Ü n] j[l4

@= ;g\ @))& ;Dddf ;Dk"0f{ k|lzIfsx?, >f]t JolQmx?, lg/LIfsx? dWo] dlxnfx?sf]

;+Vof Ps ltxfO k'¥ofpg] nIo

sfo{qmdx?

!= k|lzIfsx? tyf >f]t JolQmx?sf] kbdf cfj]bg lbgsf lgldQ dlxnf lzIfsx?nfO{

;sf/fTds k|f]T;fxg lbg]

@= dlxnf pDd]bjf/x? k|lt ul/g] k"jf{u|xx?nfO{ lgd'{n ug{sf lgldQ kbx?sf] :yfg /

cj:yfx?sf nflu ckgfOg] cfwf/x?df k'g/fjnf]sg ug]{

#= Pg=l;=OP=l8=(NCED) n] k|df0fkq k|bfg ul/g] k|lzIf0fsf lgldQ :yfgLo tx :yfoL

j;f]jf; ug]{ k|lzIfsx?sf] egf{ ug]{ / ltgLx?nfO{ pgLx?s} lhNnfx?df /f]huf/ lbg]

$= of t ofqf vr{ sd ug{sf lgldQ >f]t JolQmx/sf] lgl/If0f ug'{ kg]{ ljBfnox?sf]

;d'xdf ;+Vof s6f}tL ug]{ jf ltgLx?nfO{ pko'Qm oftfoft ;]jf pknAw u/fpg] jf

lghL ;jf/L ;fwgx? ;~rfngsf nflu vr{ Joxf]g]{

%= dlxnf tyf k'?ifx? b'j} Joj;flos sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ cw{sfnLg lgo'lQmx? (partitime)

k|bfg ug{sf nflu uDeL/ Wofg lbOg' kb{5

^= k|lzIfsx?sf] ;?jfnfO{ P]lR5s jgfpg]

&= cfly{s Ifdtf j[l4 ug{ ;Dej x'g] vfnsf ;+/rgfx?nfO{ ;dfj]z u/L k|lzIfsx? tyf

>f]t JolQmx?nfO{ JolQmTj ljsf;sf] df}sf k|bfg ug]{

>f]tsf] pkof]uM

lgDglnlvt kIfdf >f]tsf] sfof{Gjog x'G5 M -!_ ;d"xdf /x]sf ljBfnox?sf] ;+Vof s6f}tL jf

oftfoftsf] ;'ljwf k|bfg -@_ k|lzIfsx? / >f]t JolQmx?sf nflu JolQmTj ljsf; ug]{ df}sf

tyf :t/Lo ;+/rgfsf] ljsf;

pknAwLx?

!_ b'O{ jif{leqdf klxnf k|lzIfsx? / >f]t JolQmx?sf] ;+Vofdf ztk|ltztn] j[l4

@_ ;g\ @))& ;Dddf s'n k|lzIfsx? / >f]t JolQmx?sf] ;+Vofdf dlxnfx?sf] ;+Vof Ps

ltxfO k'¥ofpg]

$_ k|fylds ljBfnox?df dlxnf k|=c= x?sf] egf{

p2]Zo

k|fylds txsf k|wfgfWofksx? dWo] Ps ltxfO dlxnf x'g'kg]{

sfo{qmdx?

157

!_ dlxnf lj?4sf] k"jf{u|x lgd"{n ug{sf lgldQ k|wfgfWofksx?sf] lgo'lQmsf cfwf/x?df

k'g/fjnf]sg ug]{

@_ n}lËs lje]b sd ug{ ;Dk"0f{ lgo'Qm ;ldltdf @ hgf dlxnfx? ;dfj]z ul/g]

#_ cg'ejL dlxnf lzlIfsfx?sf lgldQ k|lzIf0f g]t[Tj tyf a9'jf k|lzIf0f k|bfg ug]{

cfly{s sfof{Gjog

5}g

pknAwLx?

!_ ;g\ @))$ leqdf dlxnf k|=c= x?sf] ;+Vofdf ztk|ltzt j[l4

@_ Ps ltxfO dlxnf k|=c= x?sf] lgo'lQm,slxn] ;Dddf <

%_ k|fylds txsf kf7\ok'':tsx?af6 n}lËs lje]b lgd'{n ug]{

tLg jif{df k|fylds kf7\ok':tsx? k'g{cjnf]sg ug]{ / k'gM k|sfzg ubf{ n}lËs k"jf{u|x lgd'{n

ug]{

^_ lg/Gt/ d'NofÍgsf] lg/Gt/tf

lg/Gt/ d'NofÍg ub}{ dlxnf tyf k'?if lzIfs tflndx? lg/Gt/ ug]{ / jx'sIff lzIf0fdf

k|lzIf0fnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbg]

n}lËs cWoog tyf k/LIf0f ;d'x

hgj/L !^, @))@

cg';'rLx?

c+z–#

gd'gf sfo{ of]hgfx? M—

!= k|fylds ljBfno 5fqj[lQ sfo{qmd

@= dlxnf clwsf/Lx?nfO{ ;+wf/f0ffTds tflnd

#= kf7\ok':ts ljt/0f

$= dlxnf lzIfsx?sf] lgo'lQm

%= ;d'bfo kl/rfng

^= kf7\oqmd tyf kf7\ok':tsx?df n}lËs ;r]tgf

&= nufgLstf{x?sf nflu n}lËs hfu/0f

158

*= n}lËs ljifonfO{ ljs]Gb|Ls/0f of]hgf k|lqmofdf ;dfj]z

(= ljz]if lzIff

159

km'6 gf]6x?

!= sflGtk'/ b}lgs, ;fs{ dGqL:tl/o j}7s k|ltj]bg, d] !& @))@

@= cfwf/e"t tyf k|fylds lzIff kl/of]hgf–cf=k|f lz=k=.._ !(((–@))$, sfo{qmd

sfo{fGjog of]hgf, lzIff d+qfno, s]z/ dxn, g]kfn, km]a|j/L !(((, k[=^ cg'= !=$=!)

#= s]=t=lj= tYofÍ @))!

$= lzIff d+qfno @))@, cf=k|f=lz=k=.. sf] n}lËs d"Nof°gsf] sfo{ zt{gfdfdf pNn]lvt,

cg';"lr !, & dfr{ @))!, k[=!

%= lz=tyf v]=d= @))@ / s]=t=lj=tYof° @))!

^= ;=/f=lj=sf= dfgj ljsf; k|ltj]bg !(((

&= sf7df08' kf]i6 !&=%=@))@

*= sflGtk'/ b}lgs !&=%=@))@

(= CERID, !((&, ;fdflhs d"Nof°g k|ltj]bg

!)= cfwf/e"t tyf k|fylds lzIff kl/of]hgf–cf=k|f=lz=k .._ !(((–@))$, sfo{qmd

sfo{fGjog of]hgf, >L % sf] ;/sf/, lzIff d+qfno, s]z/ dxn, sf7df08f}, g]kfn

km]j|j/L !(((=k[ ^

!!= s]6Lx?sf] Sna, u]6 k|f]h]S6, dfWolds lzIff ljsf; sfo{qmddf n}lËs kIfx? cflb,

n}lËs d"Nof°gsf] sfo{zt{gfdf (TOR), d=lz=zf÷lz=lj=, dfr{ @))!

!@= ; g\ !((( df EFA @))) pknlAw d"Nof°gn] sIff ! b]lv % ;Dd ;a} ljifox?df

s]6Lx?n] eGbf s]6fx?n] /fd|f] pknlAw xfl;n u/]sf] b]vfPsf] 5 . of] d"Nof°gdf k|:t't

ul/Psf] ;Lk hfFrdf ;fdflhs cWoog ljifodf a/fa/L ePsf] afx]s ;a} ljifox?df

s]6L eGbf s]6fx?n] /fd|f] u/]sf] 5 .

!#= cf=k|f=lz=k=,sf=sf=of]=, tflnsf @+&=#, k[i6 %!

!$= n}lËs b[li6sf]0faf6 PsLs[tM /0fgLlt / pkfox?n] s]6f / s]6L b'j} ;d"xnfO{ nlIft

u5{g\, ;a} tYof°x?nfO{ n}lËs ?kdf 5'6\ofOPsf] x'G5 / sfo{qmdnfO{ s]6f / s]6L b'j}

;d"xdf k/]sf] k|efjsf] cfwf/df d"Nof°g ul/G5 .

n}lËs b[li6sf]0faf6 t6:y M g t s]6f g t s]6L g} eg]/ lsl6Psf] x'G5 / t6:y efiff

h:t}M hgtf, lzIfs, afnaflnsf cflb k|of]u ul/Psf x'G5 . oL zJbx?n] b'a} lnËnfO{

hgfP tfklg dlxnf / s]6Lx?sf] k|;+unfO{ yfx} gkfO{ 5f]l8Psf] x'G5 .

n}lËs b[li6sf]0faf6 k"j{u|fxL M k'?ifjfrs gfdx? h:t} MÆk|wfgfWofksÆ,æk|d'v k|lzIfsÆ,

cflb k|of]u ub}{ s]6L eGbf s]6fsf] / dlxnf eGbf k'?ifsf] kIf lnOPsf] x'G5 / kf7\o

k':tsx?n] s]6fx?nfO{ ;s[o / ;kmn e"ldsfdf / s]6Lx?nfO{ lg:s[o / ;xof]uL

e"ldsfdf k|:t't u/]sf] x'G5 .

!%= cf=k|f=lz=k=.., tflnsf @=&=#, sfo{qmdsf cfwf/df s"n kl/of]hgf vr{sf] ljt/0f,

cg'R5]b @=&=$, k[i6 %!

!^= k|fljlws ;d"xsf] k|ltj]bg, gf]e]Dj/ @))!, cg'R5]b &=!, k[i6 $&

!&= lai6, dLg axfb'/ / sfg]{=P;= ÆlzIff tyf v]ns'b d+qfnodf dlxnfx?sf e"ldsfæ, v08

^, cg'R5]b ^=&, k[i6 !)%

!* lai6 / sfg]{, ;+:yfut ljZn]if0f, h'nfO{ @))!, cg'R5]b ^=&, k[=!)%

160

!(= g]kfn cfwf/e"t tyf k|fylds lzIff kl/of]hgf, ;/sf/ bft[;+:yf ;+o'Qm dWofjlw

;dLIff, dfr{ @))@, k[=#

@)= k|fljlws 6f]nLsf] k|ltj]bg, gf]e]Dj/ @))!, k[=!)

@!= pxL cg'=*=@ k[ %)= jh]6 ljlgodn] :yflgo cfjZostfnfO{ Wofg lbPsf] 5}g\ .

@@= cf=k|=lz=k= .., sf=sf=of]=@=%=$^= k[i7 $&

@#= >L % sf] ;/sf/÷lzIff tyf v]ns'b dGqfno, k|fljlws ;d"xsf] k|ltj]bg, gf]e]Da/

@))!, cg'R5]b ^=!, k[i7 #(

@$= jL/u+h, k;f{ / wg'iff

@%= >L % sf] ;/sf/÷lzIff tyf v]ns'b dGqfno, k|fljlws ;d"xsf] k|ltj]bg, gf]e]Da/

@))!, cg'R5]b ^=@, k[i7 $#

@^= cf=k|=lz=k=.. sf] j:t'ut k|ltj]bg (Status report), lzIff tyf v]ns'b dGqfno÷lzIff

ljefu, gfe]Da/ @))!, k[i7 !%!

@&= kf7\o k':tsx?sf] ljt/0f ;DaGwL l:jsf/ krf{ Leaflet of acknowledgment), lzIff

ljefu, ;fgf]l7dL, @)%&÷%* -g]kfnL kf7 _

@*= k|fljlws ;d"xsf] k|ltj]bg, cg'M &=#, k[i7 $*

@(= kf7\ok':tsx?sf] ljt/0f ;DaGwL :jLsf/ krf{ (Leaflet of acknowledgment), lzIff

ljefu, @)%&÷)%* -g]kfnL kf7 _