cfd analysis on nano fluids turbulent...

http://www.iaeme.com/

International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET)Volume 8, Issue 7, JulyAvailable online at ISSN Print: 0976 © IAEME

TURBULENT CONVECTION

ABSTRACTThere is an increase in energy utilization in recent years. So there has been a

desire to decrease the energy utilized by different appliances used in daily life. fluids are found to attract the attention in the recent years due to their diverse uses.Addition ofcalled NANO FLUID. thermal properties for fluid. In a traditional air conditioning system, there will be certain amount of lubricating oil that is carried away by the refrigerant in the compressor. So certain amount of lubricating oil circulates along with the refrigerant in the air conditioning circuit. If the solubility of lubricatinglow, solubility of lubricating oil in the refrigerant is high, refrigerant washes away all the lubricating oil in the compressor and there is a danger of abrasion in the compThere is a danger of sedimentation of Nano fluids in compressor if it is not dispersed properly in the oil. If the Nano fluids are not correctly dispensed, there is a danger of their interference with environment. Nano fluids are found to hinder thplants.

They are Economic issues regarding the usage of Nano fluids have also to be considethey are quite expensive. used for testing is Rphase change temperature does not remain constant as in the case of traditional refrigerants. change. The refrigerant used in the air410a. The refrigerant Rtemperature does not remain constant as in the case of traditional refrigerants. Temperaturfluids added to the lubricating oil clog the surface asperities thus decrease the sliding friction between the surfaces. Clogging of the surface asperities also found to decrease the nucle


International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET)Volume 8, Issue 7, JulyAvailable online at http://www.iaeme.com/IJMEISSN Print: 0976-6340 and ISSN Online: 0976

© IAEME Publication

CFD ANALYSIS ON NANOTURBULENT CONVECTION

ABSTRACT There is an increase in energy utilization in recent years. So there has been a

desire to decrease the energy utilized by different appliances used in daily life. fluids are found to attract the attention in the recent years due to their diverse uses.Addition of metal or noncalled NANO FLUID. thermal properties for fluid. In a traditional air conditioning system, there will be certain amount of lubricating oil that is carried away by the refrigerant in the compressor. So certain amount of lubricating oil circulates along with the refrigerant in the air conditioning circuit. If the solubility of lubricatinglow, there is a danger of accumulation of lubricating oil in the condenser. If the solubility of lubricating oil in the refrigerant is high, refrigerant washes away all the lubricating oil in the compressor and there is a danger of abrasion in the compThere is a danger of sedimentation of Nano fluids in compressor if it is not dispersed properly in the oil. If the Nano fluids are not correctly dispensed, there is a danger of their interference with environment. Nano fluids are found to hinder thplants.

They are carcinogenic and hence care should be taken to handle them judiciously. Economic issues regarding the usage of Nano fluids have also to be considethey are quite expensive. used for testing is Rphase change temperature does not remain constant as in the case of traditional refrigerants. Temperature of the refrigerant Rchange. The refrigerant used in the air410a. The refrigerant Rtemperature does not remain constant as in the case of traditional refrigerants. Temperature of the refrigerantfluids added to the lubricating oil clog the surface asperities thus decrease the sliding friction between the surfaces. Clogging of the surface asperities also found to decrease the nucle

http://www.iaeme.com/IJMET/index.

International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET)Volume 8, Issue 7, July 2017, pp.

http://www.iaeme.com/IJME6340 and ISSN Online: 0976

Publication


M.Tech

Professor

There is an increase in energy utilization in recent years. So there has been a desire to decrease the energy utilized by different appliances used in daily life. fluids are found to attract the attention in the recent years due to their diverse uses.

metal or non-metal oxides to a called NANO FLUID. Addition of Nano fluids lead to change in both transport and thermal properties for fluid. In a traditional air conditioning system, there will be certain amount of lubricating oil that is carried away by the refrigerant in the compressor. So certain amount of lubricating oil circulates along with the refrigerant in the air conditioning circuit. If the solubility of lubricating

there is a danger of accumulation of lubricating oil in the condenser. If the solubility of lubricating oil in the refrigerant is high, refrigerant washes away all the lubricating oil in the compressor and there is a danger of abrasion in the compThere is a danger of sedimentation of Nano fluids in compressor if it is not dispersed properly in the oil. If the Nano fluids are not correctly dispensed, there is a danger of their interference with environment. Nano fluids are found to hinder th

carcinogenic and hence care should be taken to handle them judiciously. Economic issues regarding the usage of Nano fluids have also to be considethey are quite expensive. used for testing is R-410a. The refrigerant Rphase change temperature does not remain constant as in the case of traditional

Temperature of the refrigerant Rchange. The refrigerant used in the air410a. The refrigerant Rtemperature does not remain constant as in the case of traditional refrigerants.

e of the refrigerantfluids added to the lubricating oil clog the surface asperities thus decrease the sliding friction between the surfaces. Clogging of the surface asperities also found to decrease the nucleate boiling heat transfer characteristics. Addition of Nano fluids

IJMET/index.asp

International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET)2017, pp. 483–489, Article ID: IJM

http://www.iaeme.com/IJME6340 and ISSN Online: 0976

Scopus Indexed


Tunguntla SamuelM.Tech, Thermal Engineering

Andhra Pradesh

Y.V Hanumantha Rao Professor, Thermal Engineering

Andhra Pradesh


metal oxides to a Addition of Nano fluids lead to change in both transport and

thermal properties for fluid. In a traditional air conditioning system, there will be certain amount of lubricating oil that is carried away by the refrigerant in the compressor. So certain amount of lubricating oil circulates along with the refrigerant in the air conditioning circuit. If the solubility of lubricating


carcinogenic and hence care should be taken to handle them judiciously. Economic issues regarding the usage of Nano fluids have also to be considethey are quite expensive. The refrigerant used in the air

410a. The refrigerant Rphase change temperature does not remain constant as in the case of traditional

Temperature of the refrigerant Rchange. The refrigerant used in the air410a. The refrigerant R-410a is azeotropic suggesting that the phase change temperature does not remain constant as in the case of traditional refrigerants.

e of the refrigerant R-410a fluids added to the lubricating oil clog the surface asperities thus decrease the sliding friction between the surfaces. Clogging of the surface asperities also found to

ate boiling heat transfer characteristics. Addition of Nano fluids

asp 483

International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET)Article ID: IJM

http://www.iaeme.com/IJMET/issues.asp?JType=IJME6340 and ISSN Online: 0976-6359

Indexed


Tunguntla SamuelThermal Engineering

Andhra Pradesh, India

Y.V Hanumantha Rao Thermal Engineering

Andhra Pradesh, India


metal oxides to a base fluid leads to a different wAddition of Nano fluids lead to change in both transport and



carcinogenic and hence care should be taken to handle them judiciously. Economic issues regarding the usage of Nano fluids have also to be conside

The refrigerant used in the air410a. The refrigerant R-410a is a

phase change temperature does not remain constant as in the case of traditional Temperature of the refrigerant R

change. The refrigerant used in the air-conditioning setup that is used for testing is R410a is azeotropic suggesting that the phase change

temperature does not remain constant as in the case of traditional refrigerants. 410a decreases during the phase change.

fluids added to the lubricating oil clog the surface asperities thus decrease the sliding friction between the surfaces. Clogging of the surface asperities also found to


International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET)Article ID: IJMET_08_07_0

asp?JType=IJME

CFD ANALYSIS ON NANOTURBULENT CONVECTION HEAT TRANSFER

Tunguntla Samuel Thermal Engineering, KL University

, India

Y.V Hanumantha Rao (Ph.D) Thermal Engineering, KL University,

, India


base fluid leads to a different wAddition of Nano fluids lead to change in both transport and




The refrigerant used in the air-410a is azeotropic

phase change temperature does not remain constant as in the case of traditional Temperature of the refrigerant R-410a decreases during the phase

conditioning setup that is used for testing is R410a is azeotropic suggesting that the phase change

temperature does not remain constant as in the case of traditional refrigerants. decreases during the phase change.



[email protected]

International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET) 07_055

asp?JType=IJMET&VType=8&IType=7

CFD ANALYSIS ON NANO FLUIDS HEAT TRANSFER

University,

University,


base fluid leads to a different wAddition of Nano fluids lead to change in both transport and

thermal properties for fluid. In a traditional air conditioning system, there will be certain amount of lubricating oil that is carried away by the refrigerant in the compressor. So certain amount of lubricating oil circulates along with the refrigerant in the air conditioning circuit. If the solubility of lubricating oil in the refrigerant



-conditioning sezeotropic suggesting that the

phase change temperature does not remain constant as in the case of traditional decreases during the phase


temperature does not remain constant as in the case of traditional refrigerants. decreases during the phase change.



[email protected]

T&VType=8&IType=7

FLUIDS HEAT TRANSFER

There is an increase in energy utilization in recent years. So there has been a desire to decrease the energy utilized by different appliances used in daily life. Nano fluids are found to attract the attention in the recent years due to their diverse uses.

base fluid leads to a different working fluid Addition of Nano fluids lead to change in both transport and

thermal properties for fluid. In a traditional air conditioning system, there will be certain amount of lubricating oil that is carried away by the refrigerant in the compressor. So certain amount of lubricating oil circulates along with the refrigerant

oil in the refrigerantthere is a danger of accumulation of lubricating oil in the condenser. If the

solubility of lubricating oil in the refrigerant is high, refrigerant washes away all the lubricating oil in the compressor and there is a danger of abrasion in the compressor. There is a danger of sedimentation of Nano fluids in compressor if it is not dispersed properly in the oil. If the Nano fluids are not correctly dispensed, there is a danger of their interference with environment. Nano fluids are found to hinder the growth of

carcinogenic and hence care should be taken to handle them judiciously. Economic issues regarding the usage of Nano fluids have also to be considered as

conditioning setup that is suggesting that the



temperature does not remain constant as in the case of traditional refrigerants. decreases during the phase change. Nano



[email protected]

T&VType=8&IType=7

HEAT TRANSFER

There is an increase in energy utilization in recent years. So there has been a Nano

fluids are found to attract the attention in the recent years due to their diverse uses. orking fluid

Addition of Nano fluids lead to change in both transport and thermal properties for fluid. In a traditional air conditioning system, there will be certain amount of lubricating oil that is carried away by the refrigerant in the compressor. So certain amount of lubricating oil circulates along with the refrigerant

oil in the refrigerant is there is a danger of accumulation of lubricating oil in the condenser. If the

solubility of lubricating oil in the refrigerant is high, refrigerant washes away all the ressor.

There is a danger of sedimentation of Nano fluids in compressor if it is not dispersed properly in the oil. If the Nano fluids are not correctly dispensed, there is a danger of

e growth of

carcinogenic and hence care should be taken to handle them judiciously. red as

tup that is suggesting that the


conditioning setup that is used for testing is R-410a is azeotropic suggesting that the phase change

temperature does not remain constant as in the case of traditional refrigerants. Nano



CFD Analysis on Nano Fluids Turbulent Convection Heat Transfer

http://www.iaeme.com/IJMET/index.asp 484 [email protected]

also found to enhance the critical heat flux of the refrigerant. Literature studies show that Thermal conductivity of Nano fluid is greater than that of base fluid. Also viscosity of Nano fluid is greater than that of the base fluid. These are the uses of Nano fluids. Nano fluids also have certain disadvantages. It can operate at higher pressures than traditional refrigerants. Also, the ozone depletion potential of R410a is zero which suggests that it is environmental friendly. In this project CFD analysis carried out by using FLUENT software and spectroscopic analysis of Nano particles is observed through ANSYS shows sediments formed indicating Nano fluids are not fairly dispersed in the base fluid & thermal conductivity of Nano fluids is greater than that of base fluid. Key words: Heat transfer, CFD, Nano Fluids. Cite this Article: Tunguntla Samuel and Y.V Hanumantha Rao. CFD Analysis on Nano Fluids Turbulent Convection Heat Transfer. International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology, 8(7), 2017, pp. 483–489. http://www.iaeme.com/IJMET/issues.asp?JType=IJMET&VType=8&IType=7

1. INTRODUCTION Thermal properties of liquids play a decisive role in heating as well as cooling applications in industrial processes. Thermal conductivity of a liquid is an important physical property that decides its heat transfer performance. Conventional heat transfer fluids have inherently poor thermal conductivity which makes them inadequate for ultra high cooling applications. Scientists have tried to enhance the inherently poor thermal conductivity of these conventional heat transfer fluids using solid additives following the classical effective medium theory for effective properties of mixtures. Fine tuning of the dimensions of these solid suspensions to millimeter and micrometer ranges for getting better heat transfer performance have failed because of the drawbacks such as still low thermal conductivity, particle sedimentation, corrosion of components of machines, particle clogging, excessive pressure drop etc. Downscaling of particle sizes continued in the search for new types of fluid suspensions having enhanced thermal properties as well as heat transfer performance.

All physical mechanisms have a critical scale below which the properties of a material changes totally. Modern nanotechnology offers physical and chemical routes to prepare nanometer sized particles or nanostructure materials engineered on the atomic or molecular scales with enhanced thermo-physical properties compared to their respective bulk forms.

1.1. Properties of R410a It may be noted that particle size is an important physical parameter in nanofluids because it can be used to tailor the nanofluid thermal properties as well as the suspension stability of nanoparticles.

Compared to micrometer sized particles, nanoparticles possess high surface area to volume ratio due to the occupancy of large number of atoms on the boundaries, which make them highly stable in suspensions. Thus the nano suspensions show high thermal conductivity possibly due to enhanced convection between the solid particle and liquid surfaces. Since the properties like the thermal conductivity of the nano sized materials are typically an order of magnitude higher than those of the base fluids, nanofluids show enhancement in their effective thermal properties. Due to the lower dimensions, the dispersed nanoparticles can behave like a base fluid molecule in a suspension, which helps us to reduce problems like particle clogging, sedimentation etc. found with micro particle suspensions. The combination of these two features; extra high stability and high conductivity of the dispersed ’nanospecies’

Tunguntla Samuel and Y.V Hanumantha Rao


make them highly preferable for designing heat transfer fluids. The stable suspensions of small quantities of nanoparticles will possibly help us to design lighter, high performance thermal management systems. R410A is a binary blend of HFC compounds 50% of R32 and 50% of R125 No chlorine content, no ozone depletion potential. ODP = 0. Global warming potential GWP = 1725.

Table 1

Chemical Formula CH2F2/CHF2CF3 (50/50% by weight) Molecular weight 72.58 Boiling Point (At 1 atm) -51.58°C Critical Temperature 72.13°C Critical Pressure 4926.1 kPa Critical Density 488.90 kg/m3

Critical Volume 0.00205 m3/kg

2. LITERATURE REVIEW Nano fluids have been attracting the attention of researchers all over the world in the past decade. Many works have been going on to investigate the effects of Nano fluids on heat transfer characteristics of refrigerants. Research in the area of heat transfer have been carried out over the previous several decades, leading to the development of data for heat transfer performance of currently used base fluids. The use of additives is a technique applied to enhance the heat transfer performance of these base fluids. Passive enhancement methods such as enhanced surfaces are often employed in thermo fluid systems. This is because the thermal conductivities of the working fluids such as ethylene glycol, water, and engine oil, are comparatively lower than that of the solid phases. In general, most of the solids have better heat transfer properties compared to traditional heat transfer fluids. Therefore, the development of advanced heat transfer fluids with higher thermal conductivity and improved heat transfer is in strong demand. The use of additives is another technique applied to enhance the heat transfer performance of base fluids. The suspended metallic or non-metallic particles change the transport properties and heat transfer characteristics of the base fluid.

Ruixiang Wanga, Qingping Wua, Yezheng Wua stated that, “A new kind of mineral refrigeration oil MNRO, formed by blending Nano fluids of NiFe2O4 into a Naphthalene based mineral refrigeration oil B32, was substituted for POE VG 32 as lubricant in a refrigerator employing R410a as the refrigerant. The preparation of the new MNRO has also been presented in detail. The MNRO appears stable enough to be employed as a refrigeration oil lubricant in RAC and other refrigerating systems.

Srikhirin P, Aphornratana S, Chungpaibulpatana. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 2001;5(4): 343–72[1] they given initialization of work that Absorption refrigeration was discovered by Nairn in 1777, though the first commercial refrigerator was only built and developed in 1823 by Ferdinand Carré, who also got several patents between 1859 and 1862 from introduction of a machine operating on ammonia–water. By 19th century, systems operating on ammonia–water found wide application in residential and industrial refrigerators.

S.U.S. Choi, ASME[4], 99(1995) showed that the addition of a small amount of nanoparticles (less than 1% by volume) to base fluid would increase the thermal conductivity of the fluid up to approximately two times. But thermal conductivity having the most


important property is not easy to determine accurately by a single formula, but there are some experimental relations that could be used to estimate it. With increase in temperature, there is increase in thermal conductivity but there is abnormal behaviorhigh temperatures which is related to the solubility of the nanoparticles. In the nanometrical size range, kinetics of dissolution of particles is enhanced due to the small size according to the Kelvin equation.

3. NANTwo-stepused in this method are first produced as dry powders by chemical or physical methods. Then, the Nano sized powder willthe help of intensive magnetic force agitamagnetic stirrer and magnetic beads are shown in the figures:

Twobecause Nano powder synthesis techniques have already production levels. Due to the high surface area and surface activity, nanoparticles have the tendency to aggregate. The important technique to enhance the stability of nanoparticles in fluids is the use of surfactants. However,temperature is also a big concern, especially for highair-conditioning cannot be isolated if surfactants are used. Amount of lubricating oil used for the experiment iamount of Al2O3

4. FINITE APPROXIMATIONFollowing the choice of grid type, one has to select the adiscretization grid points have to be selected. In a finite volume method, one has to select the method of approximating surface and volume integrals. In a finite element method one has to choose the shape func

5. SOLUTIONDiscretization yields a large system of nondepends on the problem. For unsteady flows, methods based on those used for initial value problems foelliptic problem has to be solved. Steady flow problems are usually solved by pseudomarching or an equivalent iteration scheme is used to solve them. These methods ussuccessive linearization of the equations and the resulting linear systems are almost always




NO FLUIDstep method is

used in this method are first produced as dry powders by chemical or physical methods. Then, the Nano sized powder willthe help of intensive magnetic force agitamagnetic stirrer and magnetic beads are shown in the figures:

Two-step method is the most economic method to produce Nano fluids in large scale, because Nano powder synthesis techniques have already production levels. Due to the high surface area and surface activity, nanoparticles have the tendency to aggregate. The important technique to enhance the stability of nanoparticles in fluids is the use of surfactants. However,temperature is also a big concern, especially for high

conditioning cannot be isolated if surfactants are used. Amount of lubricating oil used for the experiment is 65amount of Al2O3 used is 0.1126 gm.

FINITE APPROXIMATIONFollowing the choice of grid type, one has to select the adiscretization process. grid points have to be selected. In a finite volume method, one has to select the method of approximating surface and volume integrals. In a finite element method one has to choose the shape functions (elements) and weighing functions

SOLUTION Discretization yields a large system of nondepends on the problem. For unsteady flows, methods based on those used for initial value problems for ordinary differential equations (marching in time) areelliptic problem has to be solved. Steady flow problems are usually solved by pseudomarching or an equivalent iteration scheme is used to solve them. These methods ussuccessive linearization of the equations and the resulting linear systems are almost always




UID PREPAis the most

used in this method are first produced as dry powders by chemical or physical methods. Then, the Nano sized powder will be dispersed into Mineral oil in the second processing step with the help of intensive magnetic force agitamagnetic stirrer and magnetic beads are shown in the figures:

Figure 1 Mag

step method is the most economic method to produce Nano fluids in large scale, because Nano powder synthesis techniques have already production levels. Due to the high surface area and surface activity, nanoparticles have the tendency to aggregate. The important technique to enhance the stability of nanoparticles in fluids is the use of surfactants. However,temperature is also a big concern, especially for high

conditioning cannot be isolated if surfactants are used. Amount of lubricating oil used for s 650ml and the amount of TiO2 Nanoused is 0.1126 gm.

FINITE APPROXIMATIONFollowing the choice of grid type, one has to select the a

process. In a finite grid points have to be selected. In a finite volume method, one has to select the method of approximating surface and volume integrals. In a finite element method one has to choose the

tions (elements) and weighing functions

METHODDiscretization yields a large system of nondepends on the problem. For unsteady flows, methods based on those used for initial value

r ordinary differential equations (marching in time) areelliptic problem has to be solved. Steady flow problems are usually solved by pseudomarching or an equivalent iteration scheme is used to solve them. These methods ussuccessive linearization of the equations and the resulting linear systems are almost always


IJMET/index.asp

important property is not easy to determine accurately by a single formula, but there are some experimental relations that could be used to estimate it. With increase in temperature, there is increase in thermal conductivity but there is abnormal behaviorhigh temperatures which is related to the solubility of the nanoparticles. In the nanometrical size range, kinetics of dissolution of particles is enhanced due to the small size according to

ARATIOmost widely used

used in this method are first produced as dry powders by chemical or physical methods. Then, be dispersed into Mineral oil in the second processing step with

the help of intensive magnetic force agitamagnetic stirrer and magnetic beads are shown in the figures:

Magnetic stirrer

step method is the most economic method to produce Nano fluids in large scale, because Nano powder synthesis techniques have already production levels. Due to the high surface area and surface activity, nanoparticles have the tendency to aggregate. The important technique to enhance the stability of nanoparticles in fluids is the use of surfactants. However,temperature is also a big concern, especially for high

conditioning cannot be isolated if surfactants are used. Amount of lubricating oil used for 0ml and the amount of TiO2 Nano

used is 0.1126 gm.

FINITE APPROXIMATIONS Following the choice of grid type, one has to select the a

In a finite difference method, approximations for the derivatives at the grid points have to be selected. In a finite volume method, one has to select the method of approximating surface and volume integrals. In a finite element method one has to choose the

tions (elements) and weighing functions

METHOD Discretization yields a large system of nondepends on the problem. For unsteady flows, methods based on those used for initial value



asp 486


ION USINGused method


the help of intensive magnetic force agitation and ultrasonic agitation. magnetic stirrer and magnetic beads are shown in the figures:

er Fig

step method is the most economic method to produce Nano fluids in large scale, because Nano powder synthesis techniques have already production levels. Due to the high surface area and surface activity, nanoparticles have the tendency to aggregate. The important technique to enhance the stability of nanoparticles in fluids is the use of surfactants. However, the functionality of the surfactants under high temperature is also a big concern, especially for high

conditioning cannot be isolated if surfactants are used. Amount of lubricating oil used for 0ml and the amount of TiO2 Nano

Following the choice of grid type, one has to select the a

difference method, approximations for the derivatives at the grid points have to be selected. In a finite volume method, one has to select the method of approximating surface and volume integrals. In a finite element method one has to choose the

tions (elements) and weighing functions.

Discretization yields a large system of non-linear algebraic equation. The method of solution depends on the problem. For unsteady flows, methods based on those used for initial value




SING TWO-S for preparing


tion and ultrasonic agitation. magnetic stirrer and magnetic beads are shown in the figures:

Figure 2 Different Magnetic Beads

step method is the most economic method to produce Nano fluids in large scale, because Nano powder synthesis techniques have already been scaled up to industrial production levels. Due to the high surface area and surface activity, nanoparticles have the tendency to aggregate. The important technique to enhance the stability of nanoparticles in

the functionality of the surfactants under high temperature is also a big concern, especially for high- temperature

conditioning cannot be isolated if surfactants are used. Amount of lubricating oil used for 0ml and the amount of TiO2 Nanofluids used is 0.2772 gm

Following the choice of grid type, one has to select the approximations to be used in the difference method, approximations for the derivatives at the

grid points have to be selected. In a finite volume method, one has to select the method of approximating surface and volume integrals. In a finite element method one has to choose the

linear algebraic equation. The method of solution depends on the problem. For unsteady flows, methods based on those used for initial value



[email protected]

important property is not easy to determine accurately by a single formula, but there are some experimental relations that could be used to estimate it. With increase in temperature, there is increase in thermal conductivity but there is abnormal behavior of the thermal conductivity at high temperatures which is related to the solubility of the nanoparticles. In the nanometrical size range, kinetics of dissolution of particles is enhanced due to the small size according to

TEP METpreparing Nano fluids. Nanoparticles


tion and ultrasonic agitation.

Different Magnetic Beads

step method is the most economic method to produce Nano fluids in large scale, been scaled up to industrial

production levels. Due to the high surface area and surface activity, nanoparticles have the tendency to aggregate. The important technique to enhance the stability of nanoparticles in

the functionality of the surfactants under high temperature. Effects of Nano fluids on

conditioning cannot be isolated if surfactants are used. Amount of lubricating oil used for fluids used is 0.2772 gm

pproximations to be used in the difference method, approximations for the derivatives at the



r ordinary differential equations (marching in time) are used. At each time step an elliptic problem has to be solved. Steady flow problems are usually solved by pseudomarching or an equivalent iteration scheme is used to solve them. These methods ussuccessive linearization of the equations and the resulting linear systems are almost always


[email protected]

important property is not easy to determine accurately by a single formula, but there are some experimental relations that could be used to estimate it. With increase in temperature, there is

of the thermal conductivity at high temperatures which is related to the solubility of the nanoparticles. In the nanometrical size range, kinetics of dissolution of particles is enhanced due to the small size according to

THOD: Nano fluids. Nanoparticles


tion and ultrasonic agitation. The schematics of

Different Magnetic Beads



the functionality of the surfactants under high Effects of Nano fluids on

conditioning cannot be isolated if surfactants are used. Amount of lubricating oil used for fluids used is 0.2772 gm




used. At each time step an elliptic problem has to be solved. Steady flow problems are usually solved by pseudomarching or an equivalent iteration scheme is used to solve them. These methods ussuccessive linearization of the equations and the resulting linear systems are almost always

[email protected]

important property is not easy to determine accurately by a single formula, but there are some experimental relations that could be used to estimate it. With increase in temperature, there is

of the thermal conductivity at high temperatures which is related to the solubility of the nanoparticles. In the nanometrical size range, kinetics of dissolution of particles is enhanced due to the small size according to

Nano fluids. Nanoparticles used in this method are first produced as dry powders by chemical or physical methods. Then,

be dispersed into Mineral oil in the second processing step with The schematics of



the functionality of the surfactants under high Effects of Nano fluids on

conditioning cannot be isolated if surfactants are used. Amount of lubricating oil used for and the




used. At each time step an elliptic problem has to be solved. Steady flow problems are usually solved by pseudo-time marching or an equivalent iteration scheme is used to solve them. These methods use successive linearization of the equations and the resulting linear systems are almost always


solved by iterative techniques. The choice of solver depends on the grid type and the number of the nodes involved in each algebraic equation.

5.1. Convergence CriteriaFinally, one needs to set the convergence criteria for the iterativeof iteration; inner iterations, within which the linear equation are solved, and outer iterations, that deal with the noniterative process on each level is important, from both the accuracy and efficiency points of view.

6. RESTiO2 Nano fluids

Absorption of spectrum on 1




Convergence CriteriaFinally, one needs to set the convergence criteria for the iterativeof iteration; inner iterations, within which the linear equation are solved, and outer iterations, that deal with the noniterative process on each level is important, from both the accuracy and efficiency points of

SULTS ONano fluids h






Convergence Criteria Finally, one needs to set the convergence criteria for the iterativeof iteration; inner iterations, within which the linear equation are solved, and outer iterations, that deal with the non-linearity and iterative process on each level is important, from both the accuracy and efficiency points of

S OBTAINED have peak ab


Figure


Figure


IJMET/index.asp


Finally, one needs to set the convergence criteria for the iterativeof iteration; inner iterations, within which the linear equation are solved, and outer iterations,

linearity and coupling of the equations. Deciding when to stop the iterative process on each level is important, from both the accuracy and efficiency points of

NED FROMbsorption be

Absorption of spectrum on 1st Day for TiO

ure 3 Spectrum Peak Pick Report

Absorption of spectrum on 7th day for TiO

re 4 Spectrum Peak Pick Report


asp 487



coupling of the equations. Deciding when to stop the iterative process on each level is important, from both the accuracy and efficiency points of

M PHOTOetween the wa

Day for TiO2

Spectrum Peak Pick Report

day for TiO2

Spectrum Peak Pick Report


solved by iterative techniques. The choice of solver depends on the grid type and the number



O SPECTROwavelengths

Spectrum Peak Pick Report on 1

Spectrum Peak Pick Report on 7


[email protected]


Finally, one needs to set the convergence criteria for the iterative methods. There are 2of iteration; inner iterations, within which the linear equation are solved, and outer iterations,


ROMETERs 225nm an

on 1st Day

on 7th Day

[email protected]


methods. There are 2of iteration; inner iterations, within which the linear equation are solved, and outer iterations,


TER nd 410nm.

[email protected]


methods. There are 2 levels of iteration; inner iterations, within which the linear equation are solved, and outer iterations,



7. ABSORPTION OF SPECTRBY USING FLUENT SOFTFor nano fluid

8. CONSpectroscopic analysis of nanoparticlesforming on the 7fluid. Surfactants may be added to enhance the dispersal level.fluids (TiOThis is to be expected as thermal conductivity of metals/metal oxides nano fluids added is higher than that of the base mineral oil.increase in Thermal Conductivity when Nano f

The reproducibility of the air conditioning test facility was checked by repeating one case twice. Results showed agreement of EER values within ± 0.1%. The Energy Efficiency Ratio for TiOby 1.5%. It is concluded that significant results were not obtained. It is inferred that in order to get an increase in EER, the nano fluids concentration has to be increased and size of nanofluids has to be decreased and tests have to be conducted afresh. Also, care should be taken that lubricating oil left over in the crank case of the compressor housing after a particular experiment should be removed totally and filled afresh for next expecontamination.



ABSORPTION OF SPECTRBY USING FLUENT SOFTFor nano fluid (Mineral oil+ 0.02 %( v/v) Al

Figure 5

Figure

CONCLUSIOSpectroscopic analysis of nanoparticlesforming on the 7th

Surfactants may be added to enhance the dispersal level.fluids (TiO2, Al2OThis is to be expected as thermal conductivity of metals/metal oxides nano fluids added is higher than that of the base mineral oil.increase in Thermal Conductivity when Nano f

The reproducibility of the air conditioning test facility was checked by repeating one case twice. Results showed agreement of EER values within ± 0.1%. The Energy Efficiency Ratio for TiO2 spiked lubricant by 1.5%. It is concluded that significant results were not obtained. It is inferred that in order to get an increase in EER, the nano fluids concentration has to be increased and size of nanofluids has to be decreased and tests have to be conducted afresh. Also, care should be taken that lubricating oil left over in the crank case of the compressor housing after a particular experiment should be removed totally and filled afresh for next expecontamination.



ABSORPTION OF SPECTRBY USING FLUENT SOFTWARE

(Mineral oil+ 0.02 %( v/v) Al

5 Temperature contour

ure 7 Pressure streamline

ONS AND SCOPE OF FUTUSpectroscopic analysis of nanoparticles

th day indicating that Nano fluids are not fairly well dispersed in the base Surfactants may be added to enhance the dispersal level.

O3 Nano fluids added to Mineral oil) is greater thanThis is to be expected as thermal conductivity of metals/metal oxides nano fluids added is higher than that of the base mineral oil.increase in Thermal Conductivity when Nano f

The reproducibility of the air conditioning test facility was checked by repeating one case twice. Results showed agreement of EER values within ± 0.1%. The Energy Efficiency Ratio

spiked lubricant increased by 0.1% and for Alby 1.5%. It is concluded that significant results were not obtained. It is inferred that in order to get an increase in EER, the nano fluids concentration has to be increased and size of nanofluids has to be decreased and tests have to be conducted afresh. Also, care should be taken that lubricating oil left over in the crank case of the compressor housing after a particular experiment should be removed totally and filled afresh for next expe


IJMET/index.asp

ABSORPTION OF SPECTRUM ON 1WARE

(Mineral oil+ 0.02 %( v/v) Al

Temperature contour

Pressure streamlines

NS AND SCOPE OF FUTUSpectroscopic analysis of nanoparticles

day indicating that Nano fluids are not fairly well dispersed in the base Surfactants may be added to enhance the dispersal level.

Nano fluids added to Mineral oil) is greater thanThis is to be expected as thermal conductivity of metals/metal oxides nano fluids added is higher than that of the base mineral oil.increase in Thermal Conductivity when Nano f


increased by 0.1% and for Alby 1.5%. It is concluded that significant results were not obtained. It is inferred that in order to get an increase in EER, the nano fluids concentration has to be increased and size of nanofluids has to be decreased and tests have to be conducted afresh. Also, care should be taken that lubricating oil left over in the crank case of the compressor housing after a particular experiment should be removed totally and filled afresh for next expe


asp 488

UM ON 1ST

(Mineral oil+ 0.02 %( v/v) Al2O3 Nano fluids

NS AND SCOPE OF FUTU added to lubricant oil shows that sediments start


Nano fluids added to Mineral oil) is greater thanThis is to be expected as thermal conductivity of metals/metal oxides nano fluids added is higher than that of the base mineral oil. This is consistent with literature which reports an increase in Thermal Conductivity when Nano fluids are added to water/Ethylene Glycol.


increased by 0.1% and for Alby 1.5%. It is concluded that significant results were not obtained. It is inferred that in order to get an increase in EER, the nano fluids concentration has to be increased and size of nanofluids has to be decreased and tests have to be conducted afresh. Also, care should be taken that lubricating oil left over in the crank case of the compressor housing after a particular experiment should be removed totally and filled afresh for next expe


ST DAY FOR

Nano fluids

Figure

Figure 8 Temperature streamline

NS AND SCOPE OF FUTURE WORKadded to lubricant oil shows that sediments start


Nano fluids added to Mineral oil) is greater thanThis is to be expected as thermal conductivity of metals/metal oxides nano fluids added is

This is consistent with literature which reports an luids are added to water/Ethylene Glycol.


increased by 0.1% and for Al2O3, spiked lubricant, EER decreased by 1.5%. It is concluded that significant results were not obtained. It is inferred that in order to get an increase in EER, the nano fluids concentration has to be increased and size of nanofluids has to be decreased and tests have to be conducted afresh. Also, care should be taken that lubricating oil left over in the crank case of the compressor housing after a particular experiment should be removed totally and filled afresh for next expe


[email protected]

DAY FOR AL2O

ure 6 Temperature vector

Temperature streamline

RE WORK added to lubricant oil shows that sediments start

day indicating that Nano fluids are not fairly well dispersed in the base Thermal conductivity of Nano

Nano fluids added to Mineral oil) is greater than that of the base fluid.This is to be expected as thermal conductivity of metals/metal oxides nano fluids added is

This is consistent with literature which reports an luids are added to water/Ethylene Glycol.


, spiked lubricant, EER decreased by 1.5%. It is concluded that significant results were not obtained. It is inferred that in order to get an increase in EER, the nano fluids concentration has to be increased and size of nanofluids has to be decreased and tests have to be conducted afresh. Also, care should be taken that lubricating oil left over in the crank case of the compressor housing after a particular experiment should be removed totally and filled afresh for next expe


[email protected]

O3: CFD STUDY

Temperature vector

Temperature streamline

added to lubricant oil shows that sediments start day indicating that Nano fluids are not fairly well dispersed in the base

Thermal conductivity of Nano that of the base fluid.

This is to be expected as thermal conductivity of metals/metal oxides nano fluids added is This is consistent with literature which reports an

luids are added to water/Ethylene Glycol.The reproducibility of the air conditioning test facility was checked by repeating one case

twice. Results showed agreement of EER values within ± 0.1%. The Energy Efficiency Ratio , spiked lubricant, EER decreased

by 1.5%. It is concluded that significant results were not obtained. It is inferred that in order to get an increase in EER, the nano fluids concentration has to be increased and size of nanofluids has to be decreased and tests have to be conducted afresh. Also, care should be taken that lubricating oil left over in the crank case of the compressor housing after a particular experiment should be removed totally and filled afresh for next experiment, to avoid

[email protected]

CFD STUDY

added to lubricant oil shows that sediments start day indicating that Nano fluids are not fairly well dispersed in the base

Thermal conductivity of Nano that of the base fluid.

This is to be expected as thermal conductivity of metals/metal oxides nano fluids added is This is consistent with literature which reports an

luids are added to water/Ethylene Glycol. The reproducibility of the air conditioning test facility was checked by repeating one case

twice. Results showed agreement of EER values within ± 0.1%. The Energy Efficiency Ratio , spiked lubricant, EER decreased

by 1.5%. It is concluded that significant results were not obtained. It is inferred that in order to get an increase in EER, the nano fluids concentration has to be increased and size of nano fluids has to be decreased and tests have to be conducted afresh. Also, care should be taken that lubricating oil left over in the crank case of the compressor housing after a particular

riment, to avoid



SCOPE OF FUTURE WORK Examine other Nano fluids at higher concentrations and smaller sizes.

Try out with surfactants added to the lubricating oil, to overcome sedimentation.

REFERENCES [1] Adi T. Utomo, Heiko Poth, Phillip T. Robbins, Andrzej W. Pacek “Experimental and

theoretical studies of thermal conductivity, viscosity and heat transfer coefficient of titania and alumina nanofluids ”International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, Volume 55, Issues 25–26, December 2012, Pages 7772-7781

[2] Cherng-Yuan Lin, Jung-Chang Wang, Teng-Chieh Chen “Analysis of suspension and heat transfer characteristics of Al2O3 nanofluids prepared through ultrasonic vibration” Applied Energy, Volume 88, Issue 12, December 2011, Pages 4527-45333.

[3] I.M. Mahbubul, S.A. Fadhilah, R. Saidur, K.Y. Leong, M.A. Amalin “Thermo physical “International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, Volume 57, Issue 1, 15 January 2013, Pages 100-108

[4] R. Krishna Sabareesh, N. Gobinath, V. Sajith, Sumitesh Das, C.B. Sobhan “Application of TiO2 nanoparticles as a lubricant-additive for vapor compression refrigeration systems – An experimental investigation” International Journal of Refrigeration, Volume 35, Issue 7, November 2012, Pages 1989-1996

[5] R. Saidur , S.N. Kazi , M.S. Hossain , M.M. Rahman , H.A. Mohammed “A review on the performance of nanoparticles suspended with refrigerants and lubricating oils in refrigeration systems” Volume 15, Issue 1, January 2011, Pages 310-323

[6] J. Philip, P.D. Shima, B. Raj, and Enhancement of thermal conductivity in magnetite based nanofluid due to chainlike structures, Appl. Phys. Lett. 91 (2007)203108–203108-3.

[7] Babu.Uppalapati, Design and Anlysis of Modified Hybrid Solar System Using Nano Fluids. International Journal of Design and Manufacturing Technology. 6 (2), 2015, pp. 14-18.

cfd analysis on nano fluids turbulent...

Documents