ii CENTRAL INSTITUTE OF BRACKISHWATER AQUACULTURE

Published by Dr.A.G.Ponniah Director

Compiled by Dr. S.M.Pillai

Editorial Committee Dr.S.M.Pillai Dr.C.P.Rangaswamy Dr.V.S.Chandrasekaran Dr.(Mrs.)M.Jayanthi Dr.K.Ponnusamy

Secretarial Assistance Mrs.K.Hemalatha

Cover Design & Photographs Shri.S.Nagarajan Shri.R.Rajasekharan

Designed & Printed at Chennai Micro Print (P) Ltd. Chennai-600 029. Tel:044-23740099 (5 Lines)

CIBA Annual Report is not a priced publication. The recipients are not permitted to use or sell the report in part or in full. The report pertains to the research work carried out during 2006-2007. The report includes unprocessed or semi-processed data which would form basis for scientifi c publications in future. The contents of the report, therefore, could be used only with the permission of the Institute.

CitationCIBA 2007. Annual Report 2006-2007. Central Institute of Brackishwater Aquaculture, Chennai. P. 114

CENTRAL INSTITUTE OF BRACKISHWATER AQUACULTURE iii

CONTENTS

Preface v

Executive summary vii

1. Introduction 1

2. Research achievements 5

3. Techonology assessed and transferred 73

4. Training and education 74

5. Awards and recognitions 76

6. Linkages and collaboration 77

7. List of publications 79

8. List of on going research projects 84

9. Consultancy / commercialisation of technology 86

10. RAC, IMC, SRC and IJSC meetings 86

11. Participation in conferences / meetings / workshops and symposia 90

12. Services in committees 96

13. Workshops / seminars / meetings etc organised by the institute 97

14. Visitors 101

15. Personnel 102

16. Infrastructure development 105

17. Library, information and documentation 106

18. Summary in Hindi 109

iv CENTRAL INSTITUTE OF BRACKISHWATER AQUACULTURE

CENTRAL INSTITUTE OF BRACKISHWATER AQUACULTURE v

PREFACE

The research and development initiatives of the Central Institute of Brackishwater Aquaculture have made lasting imprints on the growth of brackishwater aquaculture in the country. CIBA has crossed number of signifi cant milestones, but still many challenges are emerging that needs to be addressed holistically to meet the expectations of different stakeholders. Due to CIBAs efforts brackishwater aquaculture is gradually waking up from a total dependence on tiger shrimp to the potential offered by species like seabass and mud crab.

The inauguration of the seabass hatchery built under Indo-French collaborative project was a landmark in the road map of CIBA. In the research front, the notable achievement was the natural spawning of seabass without hormonal injection under simulated natural conditions. Under organic farming, production of 1360 kg/ha tiger shrimp was achieved at Kakdwip Research Centre. Production of F6 generation of kuruma shrimp, sequencing of viral resistant genes of tiger shrimp and Indian white shrimp, identifi cation of virus like infectious agent in shrimps affected with loose shell syndrome, isolation of ammonia and sulfi de oxidizing and nitrite bio-transforming bacteria and weaning diet for seabass larvae are some of the other notable achievements of the institute.

CIBA Perspective Plan-VISION 2025 which was released this year is an important document for the institute and the stakeholders. The vision outlined in the document can only be achieved with the full support of all stakeholders.

The institute organized three trainings, nine workshops / awareness programmes, three stakeholders meetings, one farmers meet and participated in six exhibitions. During the period under report, three patents were fi led and one scientist received award and another overseas fellowship. One scientist, one technical offi cer and two senior research fellows received Ph.D degrees.

The achievements made by the institute were due to the collective wisdom and sincere work and efforts by all the scientists and staff and I record my gratitude to every one. I am indebted to Dr.Mangala Rai, Secretary, DARE and Director General, ICAR, Dr.S.Ayyappan, Deputy Director General (Fy.), Dr.A.D.Diwan, Assistant Director General (M.Fy.) and Dr.V.V.Sugunan, Assistant Director General (I.Fy.) for their enduring support and guidance.

A.G.PonniahDirector

CENTRAL INSTITUTE OF BRACKISHWATER AQUACULTURE vii

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

The Central Institute of Brackishwater Aquaculture (CIBA) is mandated to develop techno-economically viable and sustainable culture system for brackishwater fi nfi shes and shellfi shes and to transfer the technologies to benefi t different stakeholders. The Institute reached a milestone achievement with the establishment of the state of art seabass hatchery under the Indo-French collaborative project Seabass pilot unit hatchery and culture which was inaugurated by Dr.Mangala Rai, Secretary, DARE and Director General, ICAR on 26 August 2006 in the presence of Dr.S.Ayyappan, Deputy Director General (Fy.), ICAR, New Delhi. CIBA has made signifi cant research achievements in basic and applied research programmes related to brackishwater aquaculture as listed below through 11 in-house and 13 external funded and six network projects during 2006-07.

Under development of technology package for organic farming of Penaeus monodon @ 6.5 nos./m2 using organic manure, production of 1360 kg/ha in 110 days with 70% survival was achieved. The shrimps registered average size of 30g and the FCR achieved was 0.95.

Under the genetic selection programme for P. monodon, 37 families were reared to 2g size and tagged for genetic selection studies.

Nutrient utilization of different oil cakes as replacement of fi sh meal indicated that soya bean cake can be used up to 20 %, gingelly and copra oil cakes at 5% , mustard, rape seed and silk cotton cakes at 2.5 % and palm kernel cake at 2 %, without any changes in terms of survival, growth and FCR.

F6 generation of Marsupenaeus japonicus, a potential species for diversifi cation was produced by maturing and spawning of F5 generation shrimps under captive condition within the hatchery.

Pond culture trials of Fenneropenaeus merguiensis in West Bengal and Gujarat confi rmed the potential of the species to reach 22 g in 120 days of culture.

More than 40 % survival was achieved in nursery rearing trials with Scylla tranquebarica in indoor tanks, with pellet feed and clam meat.

Pilot testing of CIBA feed, in mud crab fattening trials conducted with the involvement of women self help groups demonstrated that CIBA feed performs equally well as trash fi sh, where the cost of trash fi sh is above Rs 8/ kg, use of CIBA feed will be economically advantageous.

On-farm nursery rearing of seabass fry was undertaken @ 500 nos./m2 in hapas in four farmers ponds in Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu. The fry were fed with CIBA feed / fi sh meat and mysids. Stockable size of seabass with survival above 50% was obtained.

Natural spawning of seabass Lates calcarifer was observed in eight instances without hormone injection when the brood fi shes were maintained in the continuous recirculation system established under the Indo-French hatchery. The hatching rate ranged from 40 to 95% and the average survival rate of the 25 day old fry was 22%.

Seabass larvae fed with micro-diet in combination with rotifers was found to perform better in terms of survival, in comparison to groups fed with micro-diet and Artemia or Artemia and rotifers, from 9 to 25 days post hatch. This diet combination was also found to be a better diet during 25 to 40 days post hatch and was a better weaning diet for exclusive feeding with micro-diet.

Grow-out culture of seabass was conducted in a farmers pond in Andhra Pradesh @ 5000 nos./ha along

Release of manual on seabass hatchery technology by Director General.

Director General visiting the hatchery facility.

Inauguration of seabass hatchery by Dr. Mangala Rai, Secretary, DARE and Director General, ICAR, New Delhi.

CENTRAL INSTITUTE OF BRACKISHWATER AQUACULTURE ix

with tilapia as forage feed. In 145 days, the fi shes attained an average weight of 850g with 28% survival and a production of 1.19 ton/ha.

Following breeding and larval rearing protocols for seabass developed by the Institute, a total of 2.11 lakh seed were produced and supplied to farmers.

Based on bioassay experiments and histopathological investigations, the involvement of a virus like infectious agent has been identifi ed in shrimps affected with loose shell syndrome.

Viral resistant genes of P. monodon and Fenneropenaeus indicus were amplifi ed and characterised. A cDNA library of P. monodon has been constructed and probed for identifi cation of disease resistant genes.

Ninety seven luminescent bacteria isolates from shrimp hatcheries have been characterized. Virulence factors of 86 isolates of Vibrio harveyi have been characterized.

Twenty three ammonia oxidizing autotrophic bacteria and 63 sulfi de oxidizing autotrophic bacteria have been isolated from shrimp farms and are being characterized.

The following patents have been fi led:

1. Product from lignocellulosic waste for remediation of water contaminated with heavy metals. (Application No. 368/CHE/2006).

2. Maximum percent recovery and detection of organochlorine and organophosphorus pesticides from brackishwater. (Application No. 369/CHE/2006).

3. Immobilizing matrix from bagasse for bacterial biomass and process of preparation thereof. (Application No.633/CHE/2006).

Isolated one nitrite bio-transforming bacteria from shrimp pond and its effi cacy in bioremediation of pond discharge water was