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Page 1: Cells. The Discovery of Cells Robert Hooke, and English scientist, discovered and named cells in 1665. He looked at thin slices of cork through a light

CellsCells

Page 2: Cells. The Discovery of Cells Robert Hooke, and English scientist, discovered and named cells in 1665. He looked at thin slices of cork through a light

The Discovery of CellsThe Discovery of Cells

Robert Hooke, and English scientist, discovered and named cells in 1665. He looked at thin slices of cork through a light microscope.

Page 3: Cells. The Discovery of Cells Robert Hooke, and English scientist, discovered and named cells in 1665. He looked at thin slices of cork through a light

Cell TheoryCell Theory

Cells are the smallest unit of living organismsCells are the smallest unit of living organisms All living organisms are composed of one or All living organisms are composed of one or

more cellsmore cells Cells arise from existing cellsCells arise from existing cells

Page 4: Cells. The Discovery of Cells Robert Hooke, and English scientist, discovered and named cells in 1665. He looked at thin slices of cork through a light

Prokaryotic CellsProkaryotic Cells

Very simpleVery simple Always unicellularAlways unicellular No membrane-bound nucleus (That means No membrane-bound nucleus (That means

there is not a membrane around the DNA)there is not a membrane around the DNA) No membrane-bound organellesNo membrane-bound organelles

Bacteria, cyanobacteria (blue-green algae)Bacteria, cyanobacteria (blue-green algae)

Page 5: Cells. The Discovery of Cells Robert Hooke, and English scientist, discovered and named cells in 1665. He looked at thin slices of cork through a light
Page 6: Cells. The Discovery of Cells Robert Hooke, and English scientist, discovered and named cells in 1665. He looked at thin slices of cork through a light

Eukaryotic CellsEukaryotic Cells

Complex Cell StructureComplex Cell Structure Membrane-bound nucleusMembrane-bound nucleus Membrane-bound OrganellesMembrane-bound Organelles

Plants & animalsPlants & animals

Page 7: Cells. The Discovery of Cells Robert Hooke, and English scientist, discovered and named cells in 1665. He looked at thin slices of cork through a light

Animal Cell

Page 8: Cells. The Discovery of Cells Robert Hooke, and English scientist, discovered and named cells in 1665. He looked at thin slices of cork through a light

Plant Cell

Page 9: Cells. The Discovery of Cells Robert Hooke, and English scientist, discovered and named cells in 1665. He looked at thin slices of cork through a light

Inside the cells are organelles

Page 10: Cells. The Discovery of Cells Robert Hooke, and English scientist, discovered and named cells in 1665. He looked at thin slices of cork through a light

Organelles Found In BOTH plant and animal cells:

Page 11: Cells. The Discovery of Cells Robert Hooke, and English scientist, discovered and named cells in 1665. He looked at thin slices of cork through a light

Nucleus• Surrounded by a double membrane called

the nuclear membrane

• Contains DNA

• Controls cell

functions

Page 12: Cells. The Discovery of Cells Robert Hooke, and English scientist, discovered and named cells in 1665. He looked at thin slices of cork through a light

Nucleus

Page 13: Cells. The Discovery of Cells Robert Hooke, and English scientist, discovered and named cells in 1665. He looked at thin slices of cork through a light

Nucleus

Page 14: Cells. The Discovery of Cells Robert Hooke, and English scientist, discovered and named cells in 1665. He looked at thin slices of cork through a light

Nucleolus

• Located in the nucleus

• Synthesizes

ribosomes

Page 15: Cells. The Discovery of Cells Robert Hooke, and English scientist, discovered and named cells in 1665. He looked at thin slices of cork through a light

Nucleolus

Page 16: Cells. The Discovery of Cells Robert Hooke, and English scientist, discovered and named cells in 1665. He looked at thin slices of cork through a light

Nucleolus

Page 17: Cells. The Discovery of Cells Robert Hooke, and English scientist, discovered and named cells in 1665. He looked at thin slices of cork through a light

Ribosomes

• Protein Synthesis

• Made of protein and RNA

Page 18: Cells. The Discovery of Cells Robert Hooke, and English scientist, discovered and named cells in 1665. He looked at thin slices of cork through a light

Ribosomes

Page 19: Cells. The Discovery of Cells Robert Hooke, and English scientist, discovered and named cells in 1665. He looked at thin slices of cork through a light

Ribosomes

Page 20: Cells. The Discovery of Cells Robert Hooke, and English scientist, discovered and named cells in 1665. He looked at thin slices of cork through a light

Endoplasmic Reticulum

• Membrane where chemical reactions take place.

• Rough ER – covered with ribosomes. Site of protein synthesis. Located next to the nucleus.

• Smooth ER – not covered with ribosomes. Site of lipid synthesis and carbohydrate metabolism.

Page 21: Cells. The Discovery of Cells Robert Hooke, and English scientist, discovered and named cells in 1665. He looked at thin slices of cork through a light

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Page 22: Cells. The Discovery of Cells Robert Hooke, and English scientist, discovered and named cells in 1665. He looked at thin slices of cork through a light

Rough ER

Page 23: Cells. The Discovery of Cells Robert Hooke, and English scientist, discovered and named cells in 1665. He looked at thin slices of cork through a light

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Page 24: Cells. The Discovery of Cells Robert Hooke, and English scientist, discovered and named cells in 1665. He looked at thin slices of cork through a light

Mitochondria• Converts

stored energy (ATP) into cellular energy

• Has it’s own DNA

Page 25: Cells. The Discovery of Cells Robert Hooke, and English scientist, discovered and named cells in 1665. He looked at thin slices of cork through a light

Mitochondria

Page 26: Cells. The Discovery of Cells Robert Hooke, and English scientist, discovered and named cells in 1665. He looked at thin slices of cork through a light

Mitochondria

Page 27: Cells. The Discovery of Cells Robert Hooke, and English scientist, discovered and named cells in 1665. He looked at thin slices of cork through a light

Golgi Apparatus

• Stores macromolecules

until they are needed

by the cell.

Page 28: Cells. The Discovery of Cells Robert Hooke, and English scientist, discovered and named cells in 1665. He looked at thin slices of cork through a light

Golgi Apparatus (AKA Golgi Complex, Golgi Bodies)

Page 29: Cells. The Discovery of Cells Robert Hooke, and English scientist, discovered and named cells in 1665. He looked at thin slices of cork through a light

Golgi Apparatus

Page 30: Cells. The Discovery of Cells Robert Hooke, and English scientist, discovered and named cells in 1665. He looked at thin slices of cork through a light

Cytoskeleton

• Network of protein fibers

• Helps give the cell structure.

• Involved in transport of organelles around the cell

Page 31: Cells. The Discovery of Cells Robert Hooke, and English scientist, discovered and named cells in 1665. He looked at thin slices of cork through a light

Cytoskeleton

Page 32: Cells. The Discovery of Cells Robert Hooke, and English scientist, discovered and named cells in 1665. He looked at thin slices of cork through a light

Cytoskeleton

Page 33: Cells. The Discovery of Cells Robert Hooke, and English scientist, discovered and named cells in 1665. He looked at thin slices of cork through a light

Cell membrane

Double layer of phospholipids

Controls what enters and leaves

the cell

Page 34: Cells. The Discovery of Cells Robert Hooke, and English scientist, discovered and named cells in 1665. He looked at thin slices of cork through a light

Cell Membrane

• Also called plasma membrane

• Controls what enters and leaves the cell

• Made of a phospholipid bilayer– Hydrophilic heads face out– Hydrophobic tails face in

Page 35: Cells. The Discovery of Cells Robert Hooke, and English scientist, discovered and named cells in 1665. He looked at thin slices of cork through a light
Page 36: Cells. The Discovery of Cells Robert Hooke, and English scientist, discovered and named cells in 1665. He looked at thin slices of cork through a light

Cell membrane

Page 37: Cells. The Discovery of Cells Robert Hooke, and English scientist, discovered and named cells in 1665. He looked at thin slices of cork through a light

Organelles Found ONLY In plant cells:

Page 38: Cells. The Discovery of Cells Robert Hooke, and English scientist, discovered and named cells in 1665. He looked at thin slices of cork through a light

Chloroplast

• Site of photosynthesis

Page 39: Cells. The Discovery of Cells Robert Hooke, and English scientist, discovered and named cells in 1665. He looked at thin slices of cork through a light

Chloroplasts

Page 40: Cells. The Discovery of Cells Robert Hooke, and English scientist, discovered and named cells in 1665. He looked at thin slices of cork through a light

Cell WallGives the cell structure and support

Page 41: Cells. The Discovery of Cells Robert Hooke, and English scientist, discovered and named cells in 1665. He looked at thin slices of cork through a light

Central Vacuole• Often the largest

structure in a

plant cell

• Contains water

and organics

• Helps keep the

cell rigid (maintains turgor pressure)

Page 42: Cells. The Discovery of Cells Robert Hooke, and English scientist, discovered and named cells in 1665. He looked at thin slices of cork through a light

Central Vacuole

Page 43: Cells. The Discovery of Cells Robert Hooke, and English scientist, discovered and named cells in 1665. He looked at thin slices of cork through a light

Organelles Found ONLY In animal cells:

Page 44: Cells. The Discovery of Cells Robert Hooke, and English scientist, discovered and named cells in 1665. He looked at thin slices of cork through a light

Centrioles

• Involved in

cell division

Page 45: Cells. The Discovery of Cells Robert Hooke, and English scientist, discovered and named cells in 1665. He looked at thin slices of cork through a light

Centrioles

Page 46: Cells. The Discovery of Cells Robert Hooke, and English scientist, discovered and named cells in 1665. He looked at thin slices of cork through a light

Lysosomes

Contains digestive enzymes.

Page 47: Cells. The Discovery of Cells Robert Hooke, and English scientist, discovered and named cells in 1665. He looked at thin slices of cork through a light

Structures used by unicellular organisms for

movement:

Page 48: Cells. The Discovery of Cells Robert Hooke, and English scientist, discovered and named cells in 1665. He looked at thin slices of cork through a light

Cilia

Page 49: Cells. The Discovery of Cells Robert Hooke, and English scientist, discovered and named cells in 1665. He looked at thin slices of cork through a light

Lung Tissue

Page 50: Cells. The Discovery of Cells Robert Hooke, and English scientist, discovered and named cells in 1665. He looked at thin slices of cork through a light

Flagella

Page 51: Cells. The Discovery of Cells Robert Hooke, and English scientist, discovered and named cells in 1665. He looked at thin slices of cork through a light
Page 52: Cells. The Discovery of Cells Robert Hooke, and English scientist, discovered and named cells in 1665. He looked at thin slices of cork through a light
Page 53: Cells. The Discovery of Cells Robert Hooke, and English scientist, discovered and named cells in 1665. He looked at thin slices of cork through a light

NUCLEUSNUCLEOLUSROUGH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM

GOLGI APPARATUS

SMOOTH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM

MITOCHONDRIARIBOSOME


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