CellsCellsWhat are cells and are they all the same?What are cells and are they all the same?

How do we know they exist if we cannot see How do we know they exist if we cannot see them?them?

www.worldofteaching.com

Some Random Cell FactsSome Random Cell Facts

The average human being is composed of The average human being is composed of around 100 Trillion individual cells!!!around 100 Trillion individual cells!!!

It would take as many as 50 cells to cover It would take as many as 50 cells to cover the area of a dot on the letter “the area of a dot on the letter “ii””

WOW!!!WOW!!!

http://www.biosci.ohiou.edu/introbioslab/Bios170/170_5/Chk_cell.JPG

http://serenalegeremicroscopy.weebly.com/uploads/1/4/6/7/14673604/7521071_orig.jpeg?0

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http://www.popsci.com/sites/popsci.com/files/images/2010/01/nervecell.jpg

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Anton van LeeuwenhoekAnton van Leeuwenhoek

In the mid 1600’s Leeuwenhoek is thought In the mid 1600’s Leeuwenhoek is thought of as discovering the first practical of as discovering the first practical microscopes.microscopes.

Leeuwenhoek in 1674 was the first to seeLeeuwenhoek in 1674 was the first to see

1. bacteria, yeast, and plants 1. bacteria, yeast, and plants

2. life in a drop of water 2. life in a drop of water

3. circulation of blood corpuscles in3. circulation of blood corpuscles in

capillaries capillaries

Discovery of CellsDiscovery of Cells

1665- English Scientist, Robert Hooke, discovered cells 1665- English Scientist, Robert Hooke, discovered cells while looking at a thin slice of cork (dead cells from oak while looking at a thin slice of cork (dead cells from oak bark).bark).

He described the cells as tiny boxes or a honeycombHe described the cells as tiny boxes or a honeycomb He thought that cells only existed in plants and fungiHe thought that cells only existed in plants and fungi

Development of Cell TheoryDevelopment of Cell Theory

1838- German Botanist, Matthias Schleiden, 1838- German Botanist, Matthias Schleiden, concluded that all plant parts are made of cellsconcluded that all plant parts are made of cells

1839- German physiologist, Theodor Schwann, who 1839- German physiologist, Theodor Schwann, who was a close friend of Schleiden, stated that all was a close friend of Schleiden, stated that all animal tissues are composed of cells.animal tissues are composed of cells.

Development of Cell TheoryDevelopment of Cell Theory

1858- Rudolf Virchow, German physician, after 1858- Rudolf Virchow, German physician, after extensive study of cellular pathology, concluded extensive study of cellular pathology, concluded that cells must arise from preexisting cells.that cells must arise from preexisting cells.

The Cell Theory CompleteThe Cell Theory Complete

The The 3 Basic Components of the Cell Theory3 Basic Components of the Cell Theory were now were now complete:complete:

1. The cell is the basic unit of life in all living things. 1. The cell is the basic unit of life in all living things.

2. All organisms are composed of one or more cells.2. All organisms are composed of one or more cells.

3 All cells are produced by the division of preexisting cells. 3 All cells are produced by the division of preexisting cells.

http://ed.ted.com/lessons/the-wacky-history-of-cell-theoryhttp://ed.ted.com/lessons/the-wacky-history-of-cell-theory

Scientists have found two basic types of cells: 1. Prokaryotic cells are those that have no membrane around their nuclear material.

Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic

•Example include bacteria and pond scum cells.

www.uic.edu/classes/bios/bios100/summer2002/prok.jpg

Involved in - cell division

Bacterial CellsUnlike plant and animal cells, bacterial cells are prokaryotic.

•They do not have membrane- bound organelles, nor nuclei.•They do have:

ribosomes, a single chromosome, a cell wall, and cytoplasm.

Reproduction: asexual or sexual?Good and bad bacteria?

2. Eukaryotic cells have a membrane bound nucleus.Animal and plant cells are eukaryotic.

Animal Cells

Animal cells are eukaryotic Every cell in your body is constantly active

and has a specific function. For example, a nerve cell has a job that is

much different than a muscle cell. Each cell has several structures inside, and

each structure has a specific job. These structures are called organelles.

Plant Cells (eukaryotic)

The major difference between a plant cell and an animal cell is that plant cells have cell walls.

A cell wall is a rigid structure outside the

cell membrane that supports and protects

the plant cell.http://creationwiki.org/Image:Cellwall.jpg

Plant cells continued:

2. Plants also differ from animal cells because they can make their own food.

3. Organelles called chloroplasts convert light energy into chemical energy in the form of sugar.

4.One of the chemicals in chloroplasts, chlorophyll, traps light energy

Organization of Cells Organization of Cells A one-celled organism (unicellular) performs all of life’s

functions by itselfAn example is bacteria A multicellular organism, however, does not work

independently.Each cell depends on other cells to carry on all of life’s

functions.In a multicellular organism, cells are organized into tissues. Tissues are groups of similar cells that do the same sort of work.Cells->Tissues- >Organs -> Organ system -> Organism

1.

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2.

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3.

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4.

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What kind of cells did you see?

5.

6.

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7.

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8.

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All cells contain????All cells contain????

Cell membraneCell membrane DNADNA CytoplasmCytoplasm RibosomesRibosomes

Differences in Animal and plant Differences in Animal and plant cells (eukaryote) ?cells (eukaryote) ?

AnimalAnimal CentriolesCentrioles LysomesLysomes Irregular shapeIrregular shape

PlantPlant ChloroplastsChloroplasts Cell WallCell Wall Central vacuoleCentral vacuole Rectangular shapeRectangular shape