Cell Organelles“Tiny organs” of the Cell

Objective: C2 - Identify the structure and function of the parts of a typical eukaryotic cell and compare the structures of plant, animal, & bacteria cells recognizing their complexity

Organelle – cell parts that perform specific functions for the cell

A. Cytoplasm

Everything between the cell membrane and the nucleus

A jellylike mixture that consists mostly of water

CONTROL CENTER of the Cell NUCLEAR ENVELOPE

– Covered with many

small pores that allow

messages, like RNA,

to be sent from the

Nucleus

B. The Nucleus

B. The Nucleus

CHROMOSOMES– Hereditary information

NUCLEOLUS – MAKES (synthesizes)

RIBOSOMES

CHROMATIN – Consists of DNA bound

to protein

• Are the site of PROTEIN SYNTHESIS

• Some float free in the cytoplasm; others

attach to the ROUGH ENDOPLASMIC

RETICULUM

• found in ALL cells

C. Ribosomes

• the site where lipid components of the cell membrane are assembled

• is primarily a transportation system

• ROUGH - has ribosomes

• SMOOTH - no ribosomes

D. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

• Processing, Packaging, and Secretion

• System of membranes made of flattened sac like structures

E. Golgi Apparatus/Body

• Filled with enzymes • Digestion of macromolecules

(lipids, carbohydrates, and

proteins) into molecules that

can be used by the cell

• Involved in breaking down old cell parts

(Not found in plant cells)

F. Lysosomes

• for temporary storage of materials,

especially water

- big in plant cells

- small in animal cells

G. Vacuoles

VacuoleAnimalCell

PlantCell

• Converts chemical energy stored in food into compounds that the cell can use

•"POWERHOUSE" OF THE CELL- ATP is the ENERGY molecule of the cell- ATP is produced in a process called CELLULAR RESPIRATION

H. Mitochondria

I. Chloroplast

CHLOROPLASTS

• Capture energy from sunlight and convert it into chemical energy in a process called

Photosynthesis

• Not found in animal cells

• Helps maintain cell shape

• Helps the cell move• Consists of TWO Types of structures:

- MICROFILAMENTS (threadlike)

- MICROTUBULES (hollow)

J. Cytoskeleton

- cylindrical structures that are composed

of groupings of microtubules

- function in cell division

(Not found in plant cells)

K. Centrioles

• Extend from the surface of the cell

• Assist in movement• CILIA are short hair like projections (not in plants)

• FLAGELLA are long whip like projections

L. CILIA AND FLAGELLA

Etymology

Cytoplasm: cyto-, (cell) + -plasm (to mold) Chloroplast: chloro- (Gk. KHLOROS, greenish

yellow) + -plast (to mold) Endoplasmic: endo- (in) + -plasmic (to mold) Lysosome: lyso- (loosening or dissolving) + -some

(Gk. SOMA, body) Flagellum: (L. FLAGELLUM, little whip) Cilia: (L. CILIUM, eyelid) NOTE: Cilia reminded scientists of eyelashes.

Vacuole: (L. VACUUS, empty)