4-2 Parts of the Eukaryotic Cell

A.Cell membrane B. Organelles

A.Cell membraneControls the ease

with which substances cross the membrane

Selectively permeable

*Some substances can

pass easily and others cannot

Structure depends on its function

*Made up of lipids (fats) and proteins

1. Membrane Lipids

Phospholipids make up the cell membrane.

*Lipid bilayer contains hydrophobic tail and hydrophilic head.

2. Membrane Proteins and Carbohydrates

Peripheral proteins *Attach to surface of cell

membrane. *On interior and exterior

of cell.ntegral proteins *Embedded in cell

membrane.

Membrane Proteins  Both types of proteins form

channels for nutrients to travel and also give cell its selectively permeable status. Both the lipids and the proteins help in structure and support of the cell.

B. Organelles

One of several formed bodies with a specialized function that is suspended in the cytoplasm and found in eukaryotic cells.All organelles are membrane bound except one.

B. Organelles Cytoplasm is the area

between the nucleus and cell membrane which is made of a gelatin like substance called cytosol. It contains salts, minerals, and organic molecules (nutrients). We will look at 12 different organelles and their functions within the cell.

MR. GLEN went to the CCF to get some PVC

1. Mitochondria

Transfer energy from organic compounds to ATP, which is energy that the cell can use.

2. Ribosome

Not membrane bound. Functions in protein synthesis and important in synthesis of RNA

3. Golgi apparatus

Processes and packages substances produced by the cell.

4. Lysosome

*Stores enzymes. Digests molecules, old organelles and foreign substances. Similar to a vacuole in a plant.

5. Endoplasmic Reticulum

Two types, rough and smooth. The rough endoplasmic reticulum exports proteins and the smooth endoplasmic reticulum breaks down toxic substances, and synthesizes steroids.

6. Nucleus

Stores hereditary information in DNA and synthesizes RNA.

7. Cytoskeleton

Support, movement and division of cell. Made up of microfilaments and microtubules. Both are made of proteins.

8. Cilia

Hairlike. Propels cell through its environment. More than flagella and shorter.

9. Flagella

Move materials over cell surface. Also hairlike. Usually just a couple.

The last three are only found in plants.

10. Plastid

Like chloroplast, stores food or pigments.

11. Vacuole

Stores enzymes and waste products. Similar to lysosome in an animal cell.

12. Cell wall Supports and protects cells.