cell organelles. organelle= “little organ” found only inside eukaryotic cells
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Cell Organelles
Cell OrganellesOrganelle= “little organ”
Found only inside eukaryotic cells
Cell MembraneBoundary of the cellMade of a phospholipid bilayerContains proteins, steroids and carbohydrates on outside layerControls movement in and out of cellProtects cell from outside environmentSelective Permeability
CytoskeletonActs as skeleton and muscle
Provides shape and structure
Helps move organelles around the cell
Made of three types of filaments
CytoplasmContains cytosol
-water
- salts
- organic monomers and polymers
Contains organelles (including cytoskeleton)
Nucleus is separate from cytoplasm
The cytosol takes molecules and breaks them down, so that the individual organelles can use them
NucleusControl center of the cell
Contains DNA
Surrounded by a double membrane
Usually the easiest organelle to see under a microscope
Usually one per cell
Chromosomes and Chromatin
The Nuclear DNA of a cell is organized into chromosomes.Each chromosome is a single DNA molecule
The DNA is coated and organized with a wide variety of proteins. Collectively, the DNA and protein assembled chromosomes are referred to as chromatin
RibosomeSite of protein synthesis
Found attached to rough ER or floating free in cytosol
Produced in a part of the nucleus called the nucleolus
That looks familiar…what is a polypeptide?
Endoplasmic Reticulum
A.k.a. “ER”(membrane tubes and sacs)
Connected to nuclear membrane
Moves molecules from one area of cell to another
Rough ER: studded with ribosomes; it makes proteins and phospholipids
Smooth ER: no ribosomes; it makes lipids, produces hormones
Golgi ApparatusLooks like a stack of platesStores, modifies and packages proteinsMolecules transported to and from the Golgi by means of vesiclesVesicles given a label and transported to parts of the cellReceiving near ER, shipping gives rise to new vesicles
LysosomesGarbage disposal of the cellContain digestive enzymes that break down wastesBreak down worn out cell parts, substances taken into the cell, and bacteria During endocytosis it fuses with a vesicle (release contents outside of cell) Which organelles do
lysosomes work with?
Mitochondria“Powerhouse of the cell”Cellular respiration occurs here to release energy for the cell to useBound by a double membraneHas its own strand of DNA
VacuolesLarge central vacuole usually in plant cellsMany smaller vacuoles in animal cellsStorage container for water, food, enzymes, wastes, pigments, etc.Dispose of excess water What type of microscope may have
been used to take this picture?
Centriole
Aids in cell divisionFound only in animal cellsMade of short cylinders of microtubules
ChloroplastFound only in plant cells
Contains the green pigment chlorophyll
Site of food (glucose) production
Bound by a double membrane
Cell WallFound in plant and bacterial cellsRigid, protective barrier. Maintains turgor pressureLocated outside of the cell membraneMade of cellulose (fiber)
Quick ReviewWhich organelle is the control center of the cell? Nucleus
Which organelle holds the cell together?Cell membrane
Which organelles are not found in animal cells?Cell wall, central vacuole, chloroplasts
Which organelle helps plant cells make food?Chloroplasts
What does E.R. stand for?Endoplasmic reticulum