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Celebrating Biodiversity in the Hurunui District 2014Authors: Rylee Adams, Lee-Anne Alcantara, Sarah Allington, Kristin Baker, Finn Bamford, Deborah Barkley, Charlee Barrett, Celine Barnes, Jamie-Lee Barnes, Jackson Bau,

Joanne-Marie Bircham, Keeley Bovey, Cherish Bullmore, Levi Cameron, Bella Caughley, Jesse Cederman, Calybe-Mikaire Chambers, Miriam Clark, Andre Colenso, Josh Collins, Alison Conrad, Emma Conti, Liam Costello, Flynn Crean, James Crosby, Grace Cundy, Eliza Dalzell, Lewis Davidson, Fletcher Earl, Henry Earl, Charlotte Eckardt, Jaya Ellen-Johnson, Caitlan Ellis,

Christopher Fazakerley, Alex Fissenden, Lucy Florance, Maddie Foster, India Garden-Young, Katie Gardner, Mathew Garside, Ruby Gemmell, Asra Ginders, Ruby Gill-Clifford, Samuel Hassall, William Hassed, Liam Heasley, Georgia Henderson, Milly Henderson, Regan Holden, Matthew Horn, Jane Jones, Gabrielle Jordan, James Kelly, Lucas Kelly, William Knight, Christa Lamont,

Annie le Grelle, Joseph le Grelle, Shiloh Maye Leqeta, Ashleigh Lintott, Hamish Mackintosh, Sam Mahan, Ben McDrury, Caleb McMullen, James Metcalfe, Charlotte Miller, Luke Miller, Lydia Miller, Reuben Miller, Rena Misra, Ria Misra, Cole Morgan, Danielle Mundy, Johnny Murchison, Blair Norton, Trinity O’Brien, Corban Painter, Alex Palmer, Holly Parish, Isabella Penter,

Ethan Purvis, Quan Quirke, Tom Ruck, Simagul Sawari, Ali Jan Sawari, Ella Scarlet, Madeline Scarlet, Jessica Shearer, Andrew Sheddan, Grace Spencer, Skyla Squires, Cherie Sutherland, Dylan Topp, Krista Vernal, Ashton Walker, Ashleigh Watson, Bradley White, Chantelle White, Shanaya White, Blair Wilkins, George Wilkins, and Tanya Wilson

Introductions: Hamish Dobbie (CEO Hurunui District Council), Sarah Ensor (Partnerships Ranger Department of Conservation), Dr Marieke Lettink (Fauna Finders), Alan McDonald (Partnerships Ranger Department of Conservation), Dr Jean-Marie Tompkins ( Biodiversity Advisor Environment Canterbury), and

Sonny Whitelaw (Biodiversity Advisor Hurunui District Council)

Contributing schools: Broomfield School, Cheviot Area School, Hanmer Springs School, Hurunui College, Mairehau Primary School, North Loburn School, Waiau School, and Waikari School

Editor and book design: Sonny Whitelaw

The photographs in this book are copyright to the individual photographers and institutions on the captions

Published by Biodiversity Hurunui, Hurunui District Council, PO Box 13, Amberley 7441The position of Hurunui District Council Biodiversity Advisor was funded through the Department of Conservation under the Biodiversity Condition and Advice Fund

Softcover edition ISBN 978-0-473-28975-1PDF edition ISBN 978-0-473-28976-8

Publication date: November 2014248 pages

A catalogue record for this book is available from the National Library of New Zealand

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DedicationFor Sophie,

so that you and every child may grow up in a world filled with wonderful

creatures,

love Moko.

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Hi everyone,

My name is Moko and I’m a New Zealand rough gecko. My friends and I live in habitats scattered across the Hurunui District and beyond to our neighbouring Tasman, Buller, Grey, Marlborough, Kaikoura, Selwyn, and Waimakariri Districts. Some of my friends spend only part of their lives in New Zealand, travelling as far away as Antarctica, Australia, Tonga, the North Pacific ocean, and South America to spend winter or to breed. With your help, there will always be a safe home for them here every time they return.

This book is filled with pages created by children to celebrate biodiversity in the Hurunui District. The book begins with an overview of bio-diversity and this district. Subsequent chapters are about living organisms grouped according to their evolutionary complexity rather than by kingdom or phylum. The last chapter is about conservation areas and projects that are helping to protect us and restore our habitats.

The children who contributed to this book were aged between 5 and 18. They designed A4 brochures that could be folded into 6 pages, and opened out to 2 pages as you see them in the book. The children researched, discovered, and wrote about topics that interested them, or were important to them. Several drew or painted pictures, others wrote stories. While some of the details may be incomplete or imperfect, this book is a work of hope and love by the children who contributed.

We, and the children, know that my friends and I need all the help we can get, for many of us are very rare. Some of us are on the verge of extinction.

We also know that there are lots of people not included in this book who have and continue to work very hard to help protect us and restore our homes.

This is our way of thanking all of you.

Preface

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Contents

Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4Map of the Hurunui District . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6Introduction to the Hurunui District . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7Chapter 1: Fungi and Plants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8Chapter 2: Invertebrates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32Chapter 3: Fish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62Chapter 4: Reptiles & Amphibians . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78Chapter 5: Birds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104Chapter 6: Mammals & Marsupials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188Chapter 7: Conservation Areas & Projects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242Further Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247

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Map of the Hurunui District

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In the Hurunui we have a lot of biodiversity to celebrate. From the alpine tussock lands of the Southern Alps to our unspoiled east coast beaches, the Hurunui boasts some of the most varied and best-preserved examples of indigenous biodiversity in Canterbury. In addition to the Department of Conservation estate of approximately 225,000 hectares (25% of the district by area – see the map at left) there is significant biodiversity on private land that has been protected and maintained by generations of private landowners.

The word ‘biodiversity’ is relatively recent as it is thought to have first been used in 1988. It is a portmanteau; that is, a word formed by combin-ing two words: ‘biological’ and ‘diversity’. Biodiversity means the diversity of all biological life — plants, animals, fungi, and microorganisms — and the genes they contain plus the ecosystems where they live.

Places rich in biodiversity are more than beautiful natural landscapes filled with wonderful creatures like Moko and iconic animals and plants such as the kiwi and silver fern. Healthy ecosystems rich in biodiversity provide us with life-giving services. They cycle and transfer nutrients, detoxify and decompose waste, control diseases, provide clean air and water, prevent erosion, reduce the effects of floods, give us food and medicines, and help stabilise our climate. They are our heart and lungs, kidneys, liver and blood vessels, all working together to make our world a liveable place. Biodiver-sity is everyone’s taonga. Without biodiversity, we simply wouldn’t be able to exist.

Because of our unique natural heritage (see Chapter 6), New Zealand is one of the world’s most important biodiversity hotspots. Some 90% of in-sects, 80% of our trees, ferns, and flowering plants, 25% of bird species, all 60 reptile species, 4 remaining frogs, and 2 species of bat are found nowhere else on Earth. Unfortunately, over 1000 species in New Zealand are under threat of extinction.

Many iconic and rare species live right here in the Hurunui. The orange-fronted parakeet featured in Chapter 5, for example, is critically endan-gered. Without help, this beautiful little bird will soon vanish. Once com-mon in our alpine areas, the Kea, the world’s only alpine parrot, is also now listed as critically endangered. The slender button daisy is a botanical gem, so rare that it was thought extinct until it was found in the lawn of Hanmer Heritage Hotel in 1998. The Waipara gentian is found only in the Hurunui and in one site in North Otago and has a threat status listing as nationally critical. The nationally vulnerable dwarf musk or matt leafed mazus is found in only a handful of coastal sites in our district.

In general, past generations didn’t have the same understanding that we have today of the importance of biodiversity. Despite this, many of our predecessors appreciated the natural values that surrounded them and had the foresight to preserve areas for future generations to enjoy. So Moko asked the next generation, children, to spread the word about what we have and why it’s so important.

While there are many challenges ahead, this book illustrates the beauty and power of children’s voices and shows what can be achieved when we work together. It’s also a reminder that the next generation has the big-gest stake in how we respond to these challenges, for our children and grandchildren need healthy ecosystems just as much as Moko and his friends.

Whilst rules and regulations are tools to protect biodiversity, education is the key because with education comes understanding. It is my hope that the creation of Moko’s book has furthered the understanding of the young people of the Hurunui about the wonderful and diverse natural environ-ment in which they live. I congratulate all the individuals who have con-tributed and wish them well as they continue to act as ambassadors and stewards for preservation of our biodiversity in the future.

IntroductionHamish Dobbie

CEO Hurunui District Council

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Chapter 1: Fungi & PlantsAlan McDonald

Partnerships Ranger, Department of Conservation

Plants and fungi provide much needed habitat for many species to live and feed. Without them these species struggle to survive.

Fungi Fungi, which are in a different kingdom to plants, are one of the most important groups of organisms on the planet. This is easy to over-look because they and the work they do is mostly hidden from view. Along with bacteria, which are in a different kingdom again, they help recycle nutrients, are crucial for the health of most plants, and provide food and medicines. There are about 7,500 species of fungi in New Zealand. Around half are indigenous and 50 are critically endangered.

PlantsNew Zealand’s iconic plants are recognizable within the different regions of the country from Pohutukawa in Northland to Rata in Southland. They, and fungi, are found in three main ecosystems:

Each of these ecosystems features a variety of habitats within them. Forests, for example, have different layers of vegetation: the forest floor, shrub layer, mid-canopy layer, hardwood layer, and the emer-gent layer.

New Zealand’s plants have many unique traits that are found nowhere else. Plants that people take for granted here are sought after in gar-dens around the world. Examples include hebe, kowhai, flax and po-hutukawa. Our plants have many unique features including: divaricating branches (South Island kowhai), interesting coloured leaves (horopito) and interesting textures (spear grass). Some native plants are very long lived; totara can live for up to 2,000 years.

Much has changed since the arrival of humansPre-human New Zealand was 85% forested. Now, only 31% remain, (13 million ha), with few lowland forests intact. Only 5% of our wetlands remain, and of these there are few large areas. This has had a devas-tating impact on native populations and species diversity (biodiversity).

What is special about the Hurunui DistrictHurunui has many unique plant and fungi communities in alpine, beech forest, plains, limestone, and coastal areas. Some of our unique plants include: • The endemic Weka Pass sun hebe (Heliohebe maccaskillii) • The endangered wiggy-wig (Muehlenbeckai astonii) • The prostrate kowhai (Sophora prostrata), a feature of the dry Hurunui hills; also the national stronghold for this species • Massive lowland totara (Podocarpus totara) in coastal remnants • Slender button daisy (Leptinella filiformis) thought extinct until it was found in the lawn at Hamner Heritage Hotel! • Brachyscome pinnata, doesn’t have a common name and is found in only two places in the world, one being Medbury Reserve.

Terrestrial• Forests• Shrublands• Grasslands• Herb & fell fields

Freshwater• Rivers• Lakes• Wetlands• Estuaries

Coastal & Marine• Dunelands & beaches• Continental shelf• Reefs• Deep water

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How can we help plants and fungi in the Hurunui DistrictPlant eco-sourced natives • Plant eco-sourced plants in your garden. Ecosourcing is where seeds have been sourced locally. Your plants are much more likely to thrive in local conditions and help expand local biodiversity. Pohutakawa is a good example of what NOT to plant anywhere in the South Island. It’s a north island native. Instead, you should plant it’s equally colourful cousin, Southern Rata, a South Island native: www.doc.govt.nz/Documents/about-doc/concessions-and-permits/conservation-revealed/rata-pohutukawa-lowres.pdf • Learn more about native plants: www.doc.govt.nz/conservation/native-plants • If you live on a farm or lifestytle block, fence off streams and wetlands and plant with eco-sourced native plants. This will expand the native plant footprint in your area by encouraging native invertebrates, fish, reptiles, and birds. See here for ideas: www.doc.govt.nz/documents/getting-involved/students-and-teachers/themes/native-plants-native-places.pdf

Control weeds • Set up a Weedbusters group. Weedbusters is an awareness and education programme that aims to protect New Zealand’s environment from the increasing weed problem. Pest animals and plants (weeds) are the greatest threat to our biodiversity. http://weedbusters.co.nz • Stop the spread! Dispose of green waste properly and don’t buy or plant any weeds. When you are around waterways, check, clean, and dry your gear to prevent unwanted pests like didymo or ‘rock snot’ from spreading to other waterways: www.doc.govt.nz/conservation

You can see an example of a coastal forest at Nape Nape scenic reserve. Canterbury’s only coastal population of Rata is found at Mt Ararat in Omihi forest. The Hurunui District is also home to species that grow no further south, like Monroe’s ragwort (Brachyglottis monroi) found at Mt Cass, and the Marlborough rock daisy (Pachystegia insignis), while the cooler loving plant, limestone wheat grass (Australopyrum optatum) grows no further north.

WeedsNew Zealand has over 2,000 native plants and 24,000 introduced plants. Some, such as wheat, mushrooms, vegetables, fruit, and pine trees, were deliberately introduced for agriculture & forestry, and of course flow-ers and trees for gardens. Others arrived as seeds and spores aboard ships. Some arrived accidentally in cargo, or were washed ashore or blown by winds across the Tasman Sea from Australia.

Of the 24,000 introduced plants, over 2,500 have naturalised (they can reproduce here in NZ). Unfortunately, of these, over 300 have become

environmental weeds. They damage our environment because they out-compete native plants, destroying their habitats and with it, our biodi-versity.

Examples of weeds include:• Boneseed (Chrysanthemoides monilifera ssp.) in coastal environments• Marram (Ammophila sp.) in the sand dunes• Old man’s beard (Clematis vitalba) in the forests • Curly waterweed (Lagarosiphon major) in the lakes • Willows (Salix sp.) in waterways • Wilding conifers (several genus) in tussock landscape • Lupin (Lupinus sp.) in braided riverbeds and coastal margins• Japanese cherry (Prunus serrulata) on hillsides

Some of the worst weeds are now banned from sale or distribution by law. You can find out more at www.biosecurity.govt.nz/NPPA

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I don’t know why the silly editor put fungi in this chapter, because fungi are more closely related to animals than plants! Just like animals, fungi breathe in oxygen and breathe out carbon dioxide 24/7, have chitin in their cell walls, and need organic carbon, not sunlight, to grow (which is why mushroooms like the dark). Plants breathe out oxygen during the day and carbon dioxide at night. They have cellulose in their cell walls, and use sunlight to grow through photosynthesis. This photo of fungi called Artomyces turgidus was taken by Clive Shirley. Check out his amazing New Zealand fungi website www.hiddenforest.co.nz - Moko

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Fungi Fly agaric fungi by Josh Collins (age 13) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

Plants McCaskill’s sun hebe by Deborah Barkley (age 13) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14Silver fern by Skyla Squires (age 14). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16Mistletoe by Chantelle White (age 15) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18Pittosporum by Charlotte Miller (age 7) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20Manuka by Henry Earl (age 13) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22Wiggiwig by Deborah Barkley (age 13) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24Flax by Emma Conti (age 10) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26New Zealand flax by Lydia Miller (age 5) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 Beech trees by Christopher Fazakerley (age 13) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

Contents

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Veronica

maccaskilli

Heliohebe maccaskilli

Taxonomists try to group 'related' plants or animals in the

same genus. They decide by physical characteristics, looks

and now also use DNA analysis. There is often debate around

which group a particular plant or animal should be placed in. The Veronica genus in NZ was renamed Hebe in the 1920s to reflect the differences between

the NZ plants and their northern hemisphere counterparts. Now

it is believed that these differences are adaptions by the

Veronicas to the specific conditions found here, so the genus name has reverted to

Veronica. (Phil Garnock-Jones,

Emeritus Professor of Botany, Victoria University).

NZ Threat Classification System categories

Veronica maccaskilli is nationally endangered.

From DOC web site

***

© C

arol Jensen, NZ Plant C

onservation Net-

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Veronica maccaskilli is endemic and only found in the Weka Pass and on Mt Cass. Veronica maccaskilli was labelled as a separate species by Norton and Molloy in 2009.

Veronica maccaskilli favours cracked and jointed limestone outcrops, semi-shaded. Because these areas are now surrounded by pasture the plant is threatened by competition from other species. We call it weed invasion.

Veronica maccaskilli flowers from October to November. It fruits from December to January.

Propagation can be from seeds or cuttings however it is hard to grow successfully. It likes well drained alkali soil.

© Carol Jensen, NZ Plant Conservation Network

© Carol Jensen, NZ Plant Conservation Network

© Phil Garnock-Jones, NZ Plant Conservation Network

Hurunui’s rarest plant. Deborah Barkley

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New Zealand Fantails

Fantails live all over NZ Australia and Pacific islands. Originally they live in native forests in orchards and in gardens. The fantails are known as very Friendly birds they are not shy and fly close to people . During waking hours the bird is never still. They flit from perch to perch with a checky call : cheet cheet cheet .

Fantails use their broad tails to change direction quickly while hunting for moths, flies, spiders, Wasps and beetles. Sometimes they eat fruit.

The Maori Name Piwakawaka or Tiwakawaka meaning fantail. Some Maori believe fantails deliver messages from loved ones or of things yet to come.

Male and female both build nests normally in forks of trees In the South Island they nest from August to March. In the North Island from September to January. Fantails are excellent breeders and can lay eggs up to five times a year. The chicks are feed every 10 minutes up to 100 times a day. The chicks leave the nest at around 13 days old. The life span of the fantail is not very long with the oldest recorded fantail only being 3 years old.

Male Fantail Displaying Fantail

Female Fantail

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You can whistle your way into a friendship with a fantail by learning to talk like them. Fantails speak using a high-pitched sound. It is sort of like a kissing sound. You can create this sound by puckering your lips together, putting your finger in-between your lips and sucking in lightly.

By Danielle Mundy

Distribution

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�i��d��: ��i�al

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Class: Bird

Order: �i�r�al �irds �� �re�

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�i�� a �i��s�a� �� a���� �� ��

a�d �ei��� ����� ��e �as�er�

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si�e �� ��e ��a�� �arrier ��e�

are �a���all� ���era�le �

�a�ri �a�e� �arearea

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�he �o�th Isla���s easte�� �al�o� is �o��� i� o�e� �o��t��� It is la�ge�� a�� �ale� i� �olo�� tha� the othe� t��es o� �al�o�s� �he�e a�e ����� �ai�s ����e�tl� i� the �o�th isla�� o� �e� �eala���

They can fly at speeds of 100 km/h. Can catch prey larger than itself. Males are smaller than the Females

�a�i�g e�ol�e� i� a la�gel� �o�este� la��s�a�e it has �e�elo�e� a �o�� sha�e that o���ises its a�ilit� to h��t i� this e��i�o��e�t� It is o�e o� o�l� �o�� �o�est �al�o�s o�t o� a total o� �� s�e�ies o� �al�o�s �o�l��i�e�

It is illegal to shoot a �aste�� �al�o����

�he �aste�� �al�o� is �e�� te��ito�ial�

�he� �o��t ha�e �a�� �i��s that a�a�� the� ��t the� �a� �e a�a��e� �� g�o��s o� �ag�ies �he� the� �� o�e� the �ag�ies te��ito���

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As you can see from this book, the Hurunui is home to lots of unique and rare species and ecosystems. These make this region special and highlights the importance of protecting and restoring biodiversity. Many people in the district have realised this and are working with groups and organisations like DOC, ECan, the QEII Trust, and local conservation groups to ensure that our amazing biodiversity is both protected and maintained for future generations. By working together they are able to share resources and expertise to ensure the best possible outcome.

Scattered remnantsWithin the inland basins only patches of native shrub and forest remain. Once the vegetation of the area would have been a mosaic of lowland tussockland, floodplain podocarp forest, dry woodland and wetlands, reflecting the underlying waterways and soils. Today stands of old man kanuka and patches of dryland matagouri, native broom, prostrate kowhai, and other shrubs can still be seen within farmlands. Some landowners are protecting these areas of vegetation on their property through covenants and restoration projects. You can see examples of dryland remnant reserves at Medbury and Culverden from the road.

Braided rivers – the Conway, Waiau, HurunuiVery few places in the world have braided rivers, so we are fortunate to have several in the Hurunui. Braided rivers are characterised by a constantly moving network of shingle channels. They are an abundant supply of food and support for many of our special endemic species such as the black billed gull, wrybill, oyster catchers, and banded dot-terel. If we all take care to respect these birds on the river we can help the work of conservation groups such as BRAID to protect our most special river residents.

Sumner Lakes Forest ParkLake Sumner is the largest in Canterbury (and one of the largest on the South Island’s east coast), with unmodified lake margins and ecotone. Administered by the Department of Conservation, the Park has an amazing variety of habitats including beech and low forests, mountain ribbon wood shrublands, alpine snow tussocklands, sub-alpine shrubland, and tussock grasslands. At least 10 species of native fish live in the lakes and rivers, while the area supports some of the last remaining habits of threatened and endangered species like the whio, mohua, and orange-fronted parakeet.

Coastal Hawkswood RangeThe hill country streams that flow from the top of the Hawkswood Range into the sea have highly significant native forest remnants along them. The streams support populations of native fish such as the banded kokopu and koara that like their streams to be surrounded by forest. Many landowners in this area are undertaking extensive work to protect these coastal streams and their forested riparian margins. Several of them are doing this with the help of the QEII Trust and the Regional Council (Environment Canterbury).

Northern Pegasus Coastal WetlandsThe coastal area between the Waipara and Kowai river mouths includes important wetlands that support native birds, fish, vegeta-tion and locally-rare plants. Two areas where people are undertaking work are Mimimoto lagoon and Amberley Beach. This is also one of the few places left in Canterbury where you can find the threatened Katipo spider (Latrodectus katipo).

Chapter 7: Conservation Areas & ProjectsJean-Marie Tompkins

Biodiversity Advisor, Environment Canterbury

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Long ago, when Zealandia (see Chapter 6) was submerged beneath the ocean, biodiversity in the Hurunui District looked very different from today. So Moko decided it was fitting to end this book with a poignant reminder of an era when vast and ancient creatures ruled our planet.

To walk along the Waipara River today is to journey back in time almost 300 million years. Here, marine reptiles the size of dragons lay cocooned inside enormous geological pearls, giant fossilized oysters and clams pave sections of the riverbed, and the bones of extinct birds protrude from the rocks and sediment lining the banks. In a

very special place, one of only a few locations in the world, you can see the KPg boundary, evidence of the comet that wiped out the dinosaurs 65 million years ago. This triggered the fifth mass extinc-tion on Earth that ended one geological era and heralded in another.

Today, we stand at the dawn of a new geological era, the Anthropo-cene, so named because we humans are responsible for the sixth mass extinction now underway. Yet because this is our time, unlike the di-nosaurs, we have the ability to choose the fate of all living creatures that share our remarkable world. And we should never forget that our destiny is inexorably linked with theirs. So let’s choose wisely.

A final word from the editor...

- Sonny Whitelaw, Biodiversity Advisor Hurunui District Council, July 2013-October 2014

How you can help protect and restore biodiversity in the Hurunui District Perhaps you would like to join in with the activities of these groups, or even form your own team to help out an area you really like! • Amberley Beach Coast Care www.dunestrust.org.nz/about-us/trustees • Amberley School (biodiversity trail & Minimoto Lagoon - see page 230) www.amberley.school.nz • BRAID (Braided River Aid) https://sites.google.com/site/braidedriveraid/home • Broomfield School (Enviroschool) www.broomfield.school.nz • Cheviot Area School (Enviroschool / Woolshed Creek restoration) www.cheviot.school.nz • Culverden Community Committee (Innes Drain - Rutherford Reserve) • Department of Conservation (several partnership programmes in the district) Rangiora ph: +64 3 313 0820; Mahaanui ph: +64 3 341 910 • Environment Canterbury (Biodiversity) http://ecan.govt.nz/advice/biodiversity • Hanmer Springs Community Board www.hurunui.govt.nz/your-council/committees/hanmer-springs-community-board • Hanmer Springs School (biodiversity trail) www.hanmersprings.school.nz • Hanmer Springs Weedbusters www.activityhanmer.co.nz/weedbusters.html • Hurunui College Nina Valley Restoration Project www.naturespace.org.nz/groups/hurunui-college-nina-valley-restoration-group • Leithfield School (biodiversity trail) www.school.nz/school/leithfield-school • Omihi School (biodiversity trail) www.school.nz/school/omihi-school • QEII Trust www.openspace.org.nz • Te Tihi o Rauhea Hanmer Springs Conservation Trust: thehugheys@xtra.co.nz • Waiau River Care Group http://waiaurivercare.blogspot.co.nz • Waikari School (Enviroschool) www.waikari.school.nz

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Students from the Hurunui College Nina Valley Restoration Project. Because of all their hard work setting traps to catch mustelids, rats, and possums, fewer geckos like me are being eaten by these monsters, and the popula-tions of great-spotted kiwi, whio, and kaka are recovering. - Moko

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Battle for our Birds by Alison Conrad (age 17) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .210Lake Sumner by Jaya Ellen-Johnson (age 14) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .212Malaquin Bush by Alex Palmer (age 8) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .214Getting rid of Broom by Reuben Miller (age 13) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .216Karearea by Deborah Barkley (age 13) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .218Saving the Geckos by Ruby Gemmel (age 12) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220North Loburn School by Hamish Mackintosh (age 12) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222The Geckos’ Habitat by Ben McDrury (age 11) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224North Loburn School by Charlotte Eckardt (age 12) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226Motunau Beach & Island by Krista Vernal (age 13) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228Minimoto Lagoon by Kristin Baker (age 18) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230Waiau River Care by Waiua kids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232Nina Valley Restoration by Ashleigh Watson (age 14) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234Nina Valley EcoBlitz by Moko . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236North Canterbury coast information signs by Moko . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238Waipara River fossils by Moko . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .241

Contents

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Hokakura

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�ro�����������������au����������u���o����au��u���ak����

a���a���a��������r������r��ar���a�ura���o����r�����a����a����������a��r�a��������������a��r�a������r�������or��ra���r��

Wild life: �����e�ie������a��e����

���e����k���i�

�e�����ea������a

Kea

�a�����Kārearea

������ai�e���a���eka�eka

�e������r���e���arakee��Kākāriki

����e��Ki�i���r�a

�a�a����e�-�������

��r���i�����e�e

�ear���

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Lake Sumner Forest Park is made up of four different lakes: Lake Sumner, Loch

Katrine, Lake

Mason and Lake Shepherd!

��o�e���ap�that��o�ers��ake��u��er��orest��ark�

�he��orest��s�prote�te���a��ly��ro��

�ossu�s�a���stoats�as�they�are�a�threat�to��u�h�o��the���l��l��e�a���e��a��ere���spe��es��e����the��ra��e-�ro�te��parakeet/k�k�r�k���h��h��s�o�ly��ou������three�pla�es����the��orl��

Food web

Beech

Ants

S.I. Robin

Stoats

�e�eta�o�� �ee�h��orest/ta�ha�

k��uka/���uka

shru�la���o���ou�ta���r����o��oo�/houh�

tusso�k��rassla�� h�p�//�����o���o�t���/parks-a��-re�rea�o�/pla�es-to-stay/�o�ser�a�o�-�a�ps�tes-�y-re��o�/�a�ter�ury/�orth-�a�ter�ury-a��-arthurs-pass/lake-taylor/

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Coprosma Pedicellata

Queen Elizabeth II National

Trust helps private landowners

in New Zealand protect special

natural and cultural features

on their land with open space

covenants. This means the cov-

enant lasts forever even if the

landowner changes. If Tinline

Downs is ever sold by my family

the protection of the Malaquin Bush con-

tinues with the new landowner. The new

landowner would continue the protection

of this bush. The work is ongoing with fenc-

es continually being maintained to stop

livestock breaking in. Weeds such as black-

berry, gorse and broom are sprayed out

along with wilding cherry trees which are

not natural to the New Zealand habitat.

MA

LA

QU

IN

B

US

H

C o n s e r v a t i o n i n t h e H u r u n u i A re a

Protecting this habitat is very important as it maintains a

food source for the native birds. There are Wood Pidgeons—

Kereru, Morepork Owls—Ruru, Bellbirds—Korimako to name

a few birds spotted in the Malaquin Bush during the year.

Malaquin Bush is a 21.44 hectares QE2 Open space Covenant situated at Tinline Downs, 972 Sherwood Road, Waiau.

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It turns out that this plant Coprosma Pedicel-

lata is a very rare plant. In 2012 the conser-

vation status was listed as declining. This

means that the national population of this

plant is small and that the plant is not regen-

erating very well where it has been found.

This is why the Malaquin Bush is so im-

portant for the Hurunui Area.

HABITAT

The habitat is threatened by heavy grazing of

livestock which can destroy seedlings. The

seedlings prefer to grow in fertile sites

among Kahikatea, Pokaka, Mapou and Myr-

tle. All of which is found in the Malaquin

Bush, along with many other native trees

such as Rimu, Matai, Beech to name a few.

Since fencing the Malaquin Bush off

from livestock in 2011 these Coprosma

Pedicellata have grown and are doing

very well. See the picture below with

what the livestock do to the native

plants when grazed. Compare this with

the ungrazed native bush behind the

fence. This shows what the QE2 Na-

tional Trust can achieve when working

with landowners directly.

The Malaquin Bush has been a joint con-

servation project funded by the Hurunui

District Council, ECAN and the QE2 Na-

tional Trust along with my family, the Palm-

er family. My mother was left a small family

inheritance from my Great Grandparents

Maxwell & Taryne Malaquin. This partly

helped fund the project hence the name

Malaquin Bush. Miles Giller from the QE2

National Trust discovered a very rare

plant called Coprosma Pedicellata. My

Mum and Dad thought it was just a weed

and didn’t know how important it was.

Alex, Kaitlyn and Rory Palmer in the Malaquin Bush 2014.

You are welcome to visit Malaquin Bush but due to Tinline Downs being a working farm, appointments are necessary. Please phone my parents on 033156650 or email kara.steve@amuri.net for a suitable time.

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Broom species Latin Name

Flower colour and leaf description

Scotch Broom (common broom)

Yellow flowers approx 2.5cm long. Small deciduous trifoli-ate leaves (leaf three-parted).

Montpellier broom Genista monspessulana

Yellow flowers up to 1.3cm long, narrow, oval trifoliate leaves.

Spanish Broom Spartium junceum

Yellow flowers, 2.5cm long, with simple leaves.

White broom Cytisus multiflorus

White flowers with a pink streak at base, up to 1cm long. trifoliate hairy leaves.

New Zealand native broom species Carmichaelia species

Purple or pink and white flowers, 0.5cm long. Many species have almost no leaves.

Identifying Broom Species

is the most common

broom we have on our property.

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When you hear the word ‘broom’ you may think of the broom that you sweep the floor with, but the broom I am talking about is an annoying weed .

“IT JUST KEEPS ON GROWING”

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Our family is cutting down broom on our property and replacing it with native plants such as pongas (see right), pittsporums, harakeke, manuka, kanuka, cabbage trees and native grasses.

We use loppers and handsaws to cut broom and we have goats to maintain the regrowth in paddocks.

My siblings and I have spent many weekends and holidays helping our parents to cut broom and drag it away.

Here we are saving Pongas and native plants from a red-zoned house in Kaiapoi, North Canterbury. These pongas were going to be destroyed, as they were growing so close to the house that was to be demolished. Thankfully they now have a chance to live again in the Hurunui, on our property.

By Reuben Miller, age 13, Balcairn.

Maori name: PONGA English name: Silver Fern Latin name: Cyathea dealbata Ponga is a species of

medium-sized tree fern, native to New Zealand.

The silver fern is a rec-ognised symbol com-monly associated with our country both over-seas and in New Zea-land.

This beautiful fern is known to grow up to heights of 10 metres or more.

All photos were taken by myself or members of my family.

Well-nibbled broom plants in our paddock, thanks to our goats.

You're welcome

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The  Hurunui  College  Nina  Valley  Restoration  Group  has  been  running  since  2008  and  was  founded  by  Tim  Kelly.  It  is  designed  to  protect  the  Great  Spotted  kiwi,  Blue  Duck,  and  Kaka,  etc.,  to  get  rid  of  stoats,  rats,  and  possums.  The  group  consist  of  students  from  Hurunui  College  aged  from  11-­‐18  years  old,  teachers,  and  parents.  The  project  is  situated  in  the  Nina  Valley  off  the  Lewis  Pass  State  Highway  7  heading  towards  the  West  Coast.  

The  Hurunui  College  Nina  Valley  Restoration  Group  wants  the  Nina  Valley  to  be  pest  free  so  that  kiwis  and  other  New  Zealand  natives  will  be  able  to  breed  successfully  safe  from  any  pests.      

http://www.kiwisforkiwi.org/wp-­‐content/tn3/0/Great-­‐Spotted-­‐Kiwi_Credit_DOC2.jpg  

http://ngamanuhistory.files.wordpress.com/2010/11/blue-­‐duck-­‐a-­‐reith.jpg  

https://encrypted-­‐tbn2.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcRJAJ_lmA8XIZgmxJ0LV3I4kEgI1vVNYOoMJ6q67hiI7H8W74UR_w  

2)  The  Nina  Hut  is  7.2km  from  the  road,  this  is  the  main  hut  where  the  Hurunui  College  Nina  valley  Restoration  group  stays  on  their  overnight  trips.      

1)  The  Nina  track  to  the  biv  is  12km  long,  They  have  traps  every  100  meters  along  the  track  all  the  way  to  the  biv.  There  are  120  traps  from  the  road  to  the  biv.  

3)  The  biv  is  another  hut  that  the  Nina  Restoration  Group  use,  it  is  12km  from  the  road.        

1  2  3  

Hurunui  College  winning  the  Green  Ribbon  award  for  conservation  in  the  Nina  Valley.  

Ashleigh  Watson  holding  Feisty  which  is  one  of  the  many  kiwis  there  are  in  the  Nina  Valley.    

Kiwis  

Some  animals  that  this  project  is  protecting  

Blue  duck  

Kaka  

http://www.doc.govt.nz/pagefiles/56241/doubtful-­‐valley-­‐map700.jpg  

REBAITING  TRAPS  

Rebaiting  the  traps  takes  all  weekend.  They  use  about  20  cartons  of  eggs.  If  the  traps  haven’t  been  set  off  by  an  animal  they  unscrew  the  box  and  reset  it  and  put  one  egg  in  it  and  then  rescrew  it  and  go  to  the  next  box.      

Ashleigh  Watson          Hurunui  College          Yr.  10    

 

Hurunui  College  Nina  Valley  Restoration  Group  is  sponsored  by  DOC,  Kids  Restore  New  Zealand,  The  Ministry  for  the  Environment  Community  Environment  Fund,  and  Genesis  Energy  Whio  Recovery  Programme.  

 

   

 

 

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www.ninavalleyecoblitz.com

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1080 - sodium fluoracetate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160, 210 Aihe / dusky dolphin (Lagenorhynchus obscurus). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189, 194Albatross (Diomedea spp) / toroa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186Annelids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32Arthropods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32Artomyces turgidus (no common name). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10Australasian bittern (Botaurus poiciloptilus) / matuku . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239Australasian harrier hawk (Circus approximans gouldi) / kāhu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162-165Australornis lovei [extinct bird] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241Bat, lesser short-tailed (Mystacina tuberculata) / pekepeke . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188, 204Bat, long-tailed (Chalinolobus tuberculatus) / pekepeke . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121, 188, 198Banded dotterel (Charadrius bicinctus bicinctus) / pohowera. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182, 232, 238Beech (Fuscospora spp) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30, 36, 87, 210, 213, 215Beech mast year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160, 210Bellbird (Anthornis melanura) / korimako or kōparapara . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114, 214, 236Black beech (Fuscospora solandri) / tawhairauriki . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30Black-billed or Buller’s gull (Chroicocephalus bulleri) / tarāpuka . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232Black fronted tern (Chlidonias albostriatus) / tarāpirohe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178-181, 232, 239Black pine (Prumnopitys taxifolia) / mataī . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215 Black or ship rat (Rattus rattus) / kiore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189, 190, 210-211Black teal or scaup (Aythya novaeseelandiae) / pāpango . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231 Blue cod (Parapercis colias) / rawaru or pakirikiri. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76Blue duck (Hymenolaimus malacorhynchos) / whio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174-177, 212, 235Bluegill bully (Gobiomorphus hubbsi) / toitoi or hawai . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74-75Broom, non-native (several genera) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214, 216Broom, New Zealand native (Carmichaelia australis) maukoro or taunoka . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216Boneseed (Chrysanthemoides monilifera ssp) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9Brachyscome pinnata (no common name) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Brown tree or whistling frog (Litoria ewingii) / poraka. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100Bring on the Birds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240Brushtail possum (Richosurus vulpecula) / paihamu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18, 137, 189,190Bryzoa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32Buller’s or black-billed gull (Chroicocephalus bulleri) / tarāpuka . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232Bully, common, bluegill, and redfin ( Gobiomorphus spp) / toitoi or hawai . . . . . . . . . . . . 74-75Bully, giant (Gobiomorphus gobioides) / tītarakura . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75Bully, upland (Gobiomorphus breviceps) / toitoi or hawai . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231Cabbage tree (Cordyline Australis) / kōuka . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217, 231Canterbury gecko (Woodworthia brunneus) / pāpā . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81Canterbury tree wētā (Hemideina femorata) / wētā . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35Canterbury mudfish (Neochanna burrowsius) / wakaka . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60, 64-67Cat (Felis catus) / poti or ngeru. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141, 189,204

Cave weta (spp) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44Cetaceans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188 Climate change . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33, 60 Cnidaria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32Cockle, New Zealand (Austrovenus stutchburyi) / tuangi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 Common bully (Gobiomorphus cotidianus) / toitoi or hawai. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 Cook’s scurvy grass (Lepidium oleraceum) / nau . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228 Coprosma pedicellata (no common name) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214 Coral . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32Ctenophora . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32Curly waterweed (Lagarosiphon major) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9Department of Conservation (DOC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8, 102, 160 Didymo or rock snot (Didymosphenia geminata) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9, 61 Dolphin, dusky (Lagenorhynchus obscurus) / aihe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189, 194Dolphin, Hector’s (Cephalorhynchus hectori) / tūpoupou. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192Dolphin, Maui’s (Cephalorhynchus hectori) maui / tūpoupou . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189Dragonfly, giant (Petalura gigantea and Uropetala carovei) / kapokapowai. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42Dwarf mingimingi (Leucopogon fraseri) / mingimingi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231Dwarf musk or matt leafed mazus (Mazus novaezeelandiae ssp impolitus f. impolitus) . . . . . . . 7Eastern falcon (Falco novaeseelandiae “Eastern”) / kārearea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166Echinoderms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32Eel, longfin (Anguilla dieffenbachii) / tuna. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70-73Eel, shortfin (Anguilla australis) / matamoe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231 Environment Canterbury or ECan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61, 206, 215, 230Extremophiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32Fairy prion (Pachyptila turtur) / tītī wainui . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205Falcon, New Zealand (Falco novaeseelandiae) / kārearea. . . . . . . . . . . . 104, 168-171, 212, 218Fantail (Rhipidura fuliginosa) / pīwaiwaka or tīrairaka pango . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122-131Feral cat (Felis catus) / poti or ngeru . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189, 204 Ferret (Mustela putorius furo). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189, 200Flatworms or platyhelminthes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32Flax, New Zealand (Phormium Tenax) / harakeke . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26-29, 89Fly agaric (Amanita muscaria) / harore. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12Frog, whistling or brown tree (Litoria ewingii) / poraka . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100Fur seal, New Zealand (Arctocephalus forsteri) / kekeno . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188, 196 Galaxiids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60, 62, 68 Geckos (spp) / pāpā . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80-94, 220-227Gecko, rough (Naultinus rudis) / moko kākāriki . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80, 82-85Gecko, West Coast green (Naultinus tuberculatus) / moko kākāriki . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .86, 236Giant bully (Gobiomorphus gobioides) / tītarakura. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75Giant dragonfly (Petalura gigantea and Uropetala carovei) / kapokapowai . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

Abbreviations: ssp = subspecies; spp = two or more speciesIndex

59

Giant kōkopu / whitebait or cockabully (Galaxias argenteus) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 Goat (Capra aegagrus hircus) / nanenane. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217 Great spotted kiwi (Apteryx haastii) / roroa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108, 212, 232Giant springtail (subclass Collembola) / tawhana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34, 236 Gorse (Ulex europaeus) / kōti . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214Grey warbler (Gerygone igata) / riroriro . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .120, 231Hades flower or wood rose (Dactylanthus taylorii) / pua o Te Rēinga . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188Harakeke / New Zealand flax (Phormium Tenax). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26-29, 89Hard beech (Fuscospora truncata) / tawhairaunui . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30Harore / fly agaric (Amanita muscaria) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12Harrier hawk, Australasian (Circus approximans gouldi) / kāhu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162-165Hawai or toitoi / bully (spp) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63, 74, 230Hector’s dolphin (Cephalorhynchus hectori) / tūpoupou . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192Hedgehog (Erinaceus europaeus occidentalis) / tuatete . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79, 101, 184Horopito / pepper tree (Pseudowintera spp) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8Hurunui College Nina Valley Restoration Group . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .208, 234 Inanga / whitebait (Galaxias maculatus) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60Japanese cherry (Prunus serrulata) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9, 214Kāhikatoa or mānuka/ (Leptospermum scoparium) / myrtle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22, 89, 215, 231Kāhu / Australasian harrier hawk (Circus approximans gouldi) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162-166Kākā (Nestor meridionalis) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235Kākāriki karaka / Malherbe’s or orange fronted parakeet (Cyanoramphus malherbi) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156-161, 206, 212Kānuka (Kunzea ericoides) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89, 217Kapokapowai / (Petalura gigantea and Uropetala carovei) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42Karamea / speargrass (Aciphylla spp) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8Kārearea / Eastern falcon (Falco novaeseelandiae “Eastern”) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166Kārearea / New Zealand falcon (Falco novaeseelandiae) . . . . . . . . . . . . 104, 168-171, 212, 218 Katipo (Latrodectus katipo) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48, 206Kea (Nestor notabilis) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148-155, 212Kekeno / New Zealand fur seal (Arctocephalus forsteri) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .188, 196 Kererū / wood pigeon (Hemiphaga novaeseelandiae) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .146, 214Kina / sea urchin (Evechinus chloroticus) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32Kiore / rat (spp) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189, 190, 210-211Kiwi, great spotted (Apteryx haastii) / roroa or roa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108, 212, 235Kiwi (spp) / roroa or roa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106Kōaro / whitebait (Galaxias brevipinnis) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60Korimako or kōparapara / bellbird (Anthornis melanura) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114, 214, 236Kororā / penguin (Eudyptula ssp) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228Kōti / gorse (Ulex europaeus) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214Kōuka / cabbage tree (Cordyline Australis) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .217, 231 Koura / crayfish (Jasus edwardsii) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58, 228Kōwhai, prostrate (Sophora prostrata) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8Kuku / green-lipped mussel (Perna canaliculus) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

Kuruwhengi / New Zealand shoveler (Anas rhynchotisvariegata) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231Lake Sumner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157, 206, 212Least weasel (Mustela nivalis) / tori uaroa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .189, 200Lemonwood or pittosporum (Pittisporum eugenoides) / tarata . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20Lesser short-tailed bat (Mystacina tuberculata) / pekapeka . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188Limestone wheat grass (Australopyrum optatum) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9Longfin eel (Anguilla dieffenbachii) / tuna. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .70-73Long-tailed bat (Chalinolobus tuberculatus) / pekapeka . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188, 198, 212 Lupin (Lupinus spp) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9Malaquin Bush . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214 Malherbe’s or orange fronted parakeet (Cyanoramphus malherbi) / kākāriki karaka . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156-161, 206, 212Mānuka or kāhikatoa / myrtle (Leptospermum scoparium) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22, 89, 215, 231Māori hen or woodhen (Gallirallus australis) / weka . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110Māpou / red matipo (Myrsine australis) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215 Marlborough rock daisy (Pachystegia insignis) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9 Marram grass (Ammophila spp; not to be confused with Ammophila wasps) . . . . . . . . . . . . .9 Mataī / black pine (Prumnopitys taxifolia). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215 Matamoe / shortfin eel (Anguilla australis) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231Matuku / Australasian bittern (Botaurus poiciloptilus) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239Matt leafed mazus or dwarf musk (Mazus novaezeelandiae ssp impolitus f. impolitus) . . . . . . .7Maui’s dolphin (Cephalorhynchus hectori) maui / tūpoupou . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189Maukoro or taunoka / New Zealand native broom (Carmichaelia australis) . . . . . . . . . . . . 216Medbury Scientific Reserve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8, 22McCaskill’s or Weka Pass sun hebe (Heliohebe maccaskillii or Veronica maccaskillii) . . . . . 8, 14 Mingimingi / dwarf mingimingi (Leucopogon fraseri) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231 Mingimingi / wiggiwig or shrubby toraro (Muehlenbeckia astonii) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8, 24 Minimoto lagoon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .206, 230Miromiro / New Zealand tomtit (Petroica macrocephala) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112Mistletoe (Loranthaceae family) / pirita . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18Mohimohi / whitebait (Galaxiidae spp) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68Mohua / yellowhead (Mohoua ochrocephala) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105, 116, 206Moko kākāriki / West Coast Green Gecko (Naultinus tuberculatus) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86, 236Moko kākāriki / Rough gecko (Naultinus rudis) that’s me, Moko! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80, 82Mokomoko / skink (Oligosoma spp) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78, 87, 96-99Molluscs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32Monroe’s ragwort (Brachyglottis monroi) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9Morepork (Ninox novaeseelandiae) ruru . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214Mosasaur (Prognathodon spp) [extinct marine reptile] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241 Motunau Beach and Island. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228Mountain beech (Fuscospora cliffortioides) / tawhairauriki . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30Mudfish, Canterbury (Neochanna burrowsius) / waikaka . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .64-67Mussel, green-lipped (Perna canaliculus) / kuku . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32Mustelids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .189, 200

60

Myrtle (Leptospermum scoparium) / mānuka or kāhikatoa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22, 214Nau / Cook’s scurvy grass (Lepidium oleraceum) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228 New Zealand falcon (Falco novaeseelandiae) / kārearea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104, 168-171, 218 New Zealand flax (Phormium Tenax) / harakeke . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26-29New Zealand fur seal (Arctocephalus forsteri) / kekeno . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188,196New Zealand native broom (Carmichaelia australis) / taunoka or maukoro. . . . . . . . . . . . . 216 New Zealand shoveler (Anas rhynchotisvariegata) / kuruwhengi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231New Zealand tomtit (Petroica macrocephala) / miromiro . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112Ngaokeoke / peripatus or velvet worm (Peripatopsidae family) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37, 52-55, 236 Ngata / snail (Wainuia edwardi) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50Ngeru or poti / cat (Felis catus) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .189, 204Ngutu pare / wrybill (Anarhynchus frontalis) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184, 232, 238Norwegian rat (Rattus norvegicus) / kiore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189Nihorota (?) / orange roughy or sea perch (Hoplostethus atlanticus) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 Nina Valley EcoBlitz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .100, 236 Nina Valley Restoration Group, Hurunui College. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .208, 234 Nina Valley, soils in the . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36Ocean acidification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33Old man’s beard (Clematis vitalba) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9Orange fronted or Malherbe’s parakeet (Cyanoramphus malherbi) / kākāriki karaka . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156-161, 206, 212Orange roughy or sea perch (Hoplostethus atlanticus) / nihorota (?) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 Oyster (generic) / tio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32Oystercatcher, South Island pied or SIPO (Haematopus finschi) / tōrea tuawhenua . . . . . . . 238Oystercatcher, variable (Haematopus unicolor) / tōrea tai . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240Paihamu / brushtail possum (Richosurus vulpecula) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18, 137, 189, 190Pakirikiri or rawaru / blue cod (Parapercis colias) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76Pākura or pūkeko / purple swamp hen (Porphyrio porphyrio melanotus) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231Pāpā / geckos (spp). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .80-94, 220-227Pāpango / black teal or native scaup (Aythya novaeseelandiae) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231Paradise shelduck (Tadorna variegata) / pūtakitaki . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172 Pātangaroa or papatangaroa / Starfish or sea star (class Asteroidea). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32Pāua (Haliotis spp) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56, 228Pekepeke / lesser short-tailed bat (Mystacina tuberculata) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .188, 204Pekepeke / long-tailed bat (Chalinolobus tuberculatus). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121, 188, 198, 212Penguin, little (Eudyptula minor) / kororā . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228Penguin, waimanu (Waimanu manneringi and Waimanu tuatahi) [extinct]. . . . . . . . . . . . . 241Penguin, white flippered (Eudyptula minor albosignata) / kororā . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228Pepper tree (Pseudowintera spp) / horopito . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8Peripatus or velvet worms (Peripatopsidae family) / ngaokeoke . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37, 52-55, 236 Pied stilt (Himantopus himantopus leucocephalus) / poaka . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232Pinnipeds (seals and sea lions) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188Pipi (Paphies australis) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32Pirita / mistletoe (Loranthaceae family) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

Pittosporum or lemonwood (Pittisporum eugenoides) / tarata . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20Pīwaiwaka or tīrairaka pango / fantail (Rhipidura fuliginosa) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122-131Platyhelminthes or flatworms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32Plesiosaur (Elasmosaurus playurus) [extinct marine reptile]. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241 Poaka / pied stilt (Himantopus himantopus leucocephalus) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232Pohowera / banded dotterel (Charadrius bicinctus bicinctus) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182, 232, 238Pōhutakawa (Metrosideros excelsa) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9 Pōkākā (Elaeocarpus hookerianus) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215Polynesian rat (Rattus exulans) / kiore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189Ponga / silver fern (Cyathea dealbata) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16, 217Poraka / whistling or brown tree frog (Litoria ewingii) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100Possum, brushtail (Richosurus vulpecula) / paihamu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18, 137, 189, 190Poti or neguru / cat (Felis catus) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141, 189, 204 Praying mantis (Orthodera novaezealandiae) / rō . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38Prickly couch or zoysia (Zoysia minima) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231Prostrate kōwhai (Sophora prostrata) / kōwhai . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8 Protozoa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32Pua o Te Rēinga / Hades flower or wood rose (Dactylanthus taylorii) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188Pūkeko or pākura/ purple swamp hen (Porphyrio porphyrio melanotus) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231Pūriri (Vitex lucens). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115Pūtakitaki / paradise shelduck (Tadorna variegata) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172QWII Trust . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51, 206, 214, 231Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) / rāpeti . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202 Rat, black or ship (Rattus rattus), Norwegian (R. norvegicus) Polynesian, (R. exulans) / kiore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189, 190, 210Rātā /southern rata (Metrosideros umbellata). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9, 11, 89, 115, 139Rawaru / blue cod (Parapercis colias) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76Red beech (Fuscospora fusca) tawhairaunui . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30, 36Red matipo (Myrsine australis) / māpou . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215Redfin bully (Gobiomorphus huttoni) / toitoi or hawai. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63, 75Rifleman (Canthisitta chloris) / tītitipoumanu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118Rimu (Dacrydium cupressinum) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215Riroriro / grey warbler (Gerygone igata) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .120, 231Rock snot or didymo (Didymosphenia geminata) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9 Roroa or roa / great spotted kiwi (Apteryx haastii) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106, 212, 234Rō or whē / praying mantis (Orthodera novaezealandiae) & stick insects (spp) . . . . . . . . .38-41Rough gecko (Naultinus rudis) / moko kākāriki (that’s me, Moko!). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80, 82-85 Prostrate kōwhai (Sophora prostrata) / kōwhai . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8 Roundworms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32Sea perch or orange roughy (Hoplostethus atlanticus) / nihorota (?) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 Sea star or starfish (class Asteroidea) / pātangaroa or papatangaroa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32Sea urchin (Evechinus chloroticus) / kina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32Seal, New Zealand fur (Arctocephalus forsteri) / kekeno . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .188, 192Scaup or black teal (Aythya novaeseelandiae) / pāpango . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231

61

Scurvy grass or Cook’s scurvy grass (Lepidium oleraceum) / nau . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .228 Ship or black rat (Rattus rattus) / kiore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189, 190, 210-211Shortfin eel (Anguilla australis) / matamoe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .231Short-tailed bat, lesser (Mystacina tuberculata) / pekapeka . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .188Shoveler, New Zealand (Anas rhynchotisvariegata) / kuruwhengi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .231Shrubby toraro or wiggiwig (Muehlenbeckia astonii) / mingimingi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8, 24Silver beech (Lophozonia menziesii) / tawhai . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30Silver fern (Cyathea dealbata) / ponga . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16, 217Skink (Oligosoma spp) / mokomoko. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78, 87, 96-99Slender button daisy (Leptinella filiformis) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8Snail (Wainuia edwardi) / ngata . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50Snapper (Chrysophrys auratus) / tamure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .60Sodium fluoracetate - 1080 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160, 210 Soils in the Nina Valley . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36South Island pied oystercatcher or SIPO (Haematopus finschi) / tōrea tuawhenua. . . . . . . . . .238Southern rata (Metrosideros umbellata) / rātā . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9, 11, 89, 115, 139 Speargrass (Aciphylla spp) / karamea. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Springtail, giant (subclass Collembola) / tawhana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34, 236 Starfish or sea star (class Asteroidea) / pātangaroa or papatangaroa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32Stick insects (several genera) / rō or whe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40Stoat (Mustela erminea) / toriura . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189, 200Stoneflies (Plecoptera order) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46, 181Tainoko or taunoka or maukoro / New Zealand native broom (Carmichaelia australis) . . . . . . .216 Takahikare-moana / white faced storm petrel (Pelagodroma marina) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .229 Tamure / snapper (Chrysophrys auratus) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .60Tarāpirohe / black fronted tern (Chlidonias albostriatus) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178-181, 232, 239Tarāpuka / Buller’s or black-billed gull (Chroicocephalus bulleri) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .232Tarata / pittosporum or lemonwood (Pittisporum eugenoides) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20Taunoka or maukoro / New Zealand native broom (Carmichaelia australis) . . . . . . . . . . . . . .216Tawhai / silver beech (Lophozonia menziesii). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30Tawhairaunui / red beech (Fuscospora fusca) and hard beech (F. truncata). . . . . . . . . . . . . 30, 36Tawhairauriki / black beech (Fuscospora solandri) and mountain beech (Fuscospora cliffortioides) . . . . . 30Tawhana / giant springtail (subclass Collembola) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .36 Threadworms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32Tio / oyster (generic) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32Tīrairaka pango or pīwaiwaka / fantail (Rhipidura fuliginosa) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .122-131Tītarakura / giant bully (Gobiomorphus gobioides) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .75Tītī wainui / fairy prion (Pachyptila turtur) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .205Tītitipoumanu / rifleman (Canthisitta chloris) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .118Toitoi or hawai / bully (spp) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63, 74, 231Tomtit, New Zealand (Petroica macrocephala) / miromiro . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .112Tōrea tai / variable oystercatcher (Haematopus unicolor) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .240Tōrea tuawhenua / South Island pied oystercatcher or SIPO (Haematopus finschi) . . . . . . . . .238Toriura or tori uaroa / stoat (Chlidonias albostriatus) or least weasel (Mustela nivalis) . . . 189, 200

Toroa / albatross (Diomedea spp) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .186Tōtara, lowland (Podocarpus totara) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Tōxoplasmosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .205Tuangi / New Zealand cockle (Austrovenus stutchburyi) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32 Tuatara (Sphenodon punctatus) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .79Tuatete / hedeghog (Erinaceus europaeus occidentalis) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .79, 101, 184Tube worms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32Tuna / longfin eel (Anguilla dieffenbachii) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70-73Tūpoupou/ Hector’s and Maui’s dolphin (Cephalorhynchus hectori ssp mau) . . . . . . . . . 189, 192Upland bully (Gobiomorphus breviceps) / toitoi or hawai. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .231Variable oystercatcher (Haematopus unicolor) / tōrea tai . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .240Velvet worm or peripatus (Peripatopsidae family) / ngaokeoke . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37, 52-55, 236 Waiau River Care . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181, 232Waikaka / Canterbury mudfish (Neochanna burrowsius) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64-67Waimanu (Waimanu manneringi and Waimanu tuatahi) [extinct penguins] . . . . . . . . . . . . . .241Waipara gentian (Gentianella calcis ssp waipara). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Waipara River . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207, 238, 241 Weasel, least (Mustela nivalis) / tori uaroa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189, 200Weka / Māori hen or woodhen (Gallirallus australis) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .110Weka Pass or McCaskill’s sun hebe (Heliohebe maccaskillii or Veronica maccaskillii) . . . . . . . 8,14West Coast green gecko (Naultinus tuberculatus) / moko kākāriki . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86, 236Weta (spp) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35, 44, 87Whales. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .188Whē or rō / praying mantis (Orthodera novaezealandiae) and stick insects (spp) . . . . . . . . . 38-41Whio / blue duck (Hymenolaimus malacorhynchos) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174-177, 212, 235Whistling or brown tree frog (Litoria ewingii) / poraka . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .100White faced storm petrel (Pelagodroma marina) takahikare-moana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .229 White flippered penguin (Eudyptula minor albosignata) / kororā . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .228Whitebait (Galaxiidae spp) / mohimohi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60, 68Wilding conifers (several genus) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Wiggi-wig or shrubby toraro (Muehlenbeckia astonii) / mingimingi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8, 24 Willow (Salix spp) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9, 231Wood rose or Hades flower (Dactylanthus taylorii) / pua o Te Rēinga . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .188Wood pigeon (Hemiphaga novaeseelandiae) / kererū . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146, 214Woodhen or Māori hen (Gallirallus australis) /weka. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .110Wrybill (Anarhynchus frontalis) / ngutu pare . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184, 232, 238Yellowhead (Mohoua ochrocephala) / mohua . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105, 116, 206Zoysia or prickly couch (Zoysia minima) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .231

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The following is by no means comprehensive, but are good starting points.

Identifying speciesWhat fungi is that? www.landcareresearch.co.nz/resources/identification/fungi Fungi ID www.hiddenforest.co.nzWhat plant is that? New Zealand Plant Conservation Network: http://nzpcn.org.nzWhat are those bugs in the soil? http://soilbugs.massey.ac.nz/index.phpWhat bug is that? www.landcareresearch.co.nz/resources/identification/animals/bug-id/what-is-this-bugWhat insect & spider is that? www.landcareresearch.co.nz/resources/teaching/Insects-and-spidersWhat weavil is that? www.landcareresearch.co.nz/science/plants-animals-fungi/animals/invertebrates/systematics/weevilsWhat lizard is that? NZ Lizards Database: http://nzlizards.landcareresearch.co.nzWhat bird is that? http://nzbirdsonline.org.nzWhat freshwater fish is that? www.doc.govt.nz/conservation/native-animals/fishNIWA’s freshwater fish database: www.niwa.co.nz/freshwater-and-estuaries/nzffdWhat sea creature is that? New Zealand Marine Life (free application): https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewSoftware?id=661468952&mt=8Fishbase - global fish database: www.fishbase.org/search.phpNgā Tipu Whakaoranga / Māori Plant Use Database http://maoriplantuse.landcareresearch.co.nz/WebForms/PeoplePlantInformation.aspx

Biodiversity and threatened species listCanterbury Biodiversity: http://ecan.govt.nz/advice/biodiversity/Pages/Default.aspxNew Zealand Biodiversity Strategy: www.biodiversity.govt.nzNew Zealand Threat Classification System - lists all threatened and endangered species in NZ:www.doc.govt.nz/Documents/science-and-technical/sap236.pdf Landcare Research Manaaki Whenua: www.landcareresearch.co.nz/homeCanterbury coastal list of native plants: www.doc.govt.nz/documents/conservation/native-plants/motukarara-nursery/coastal.pdf Canterbury plains list of native plants: www.doc.govt.nz/documents/conservation/native-plants/motukarara-nursery/canterbury-plains.pdfCanterbury sub-alpine list of native plants: www.doc.govt.nz/documents/conservation/native-plants/motukarara-nursery/subalpine.pdfCanterbury foothills list of native plants: www.doc.govt.nz/documents/conservation/native-plants/motukarara-nursery/foothills.pdf

Water Braided Rivers: www.doc.govt.nz/publications/conservation/native-animals/birds/life-on-a-braided-riverCanterbury wetland and river/stream margin list of native plants: www.doc.govt.nz/documents/conservation/native-plants/motukarara-nursery/wetland.pdfCanterbury Water Management Strategy www.cwms.org.nzHurunui Waiau Zone Committee http://ecan.govt.nz/get-involved/canterburywater/committees/hurunui-waiau/Pages/default.aspxLand Use and Water Quality Project (Hurunui) http://ecan.govt.nz/get-involved/water-projects/land-use-and-water-quality/Pages/Default.aspxWater quality www.mfe.govt.nz/issues/water/water-quality.htmlOnline guide to water quality www.lawa.org.nz

Further Information

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ConservationDepartment of Conservation: www.doc.govt.nz Activities with children: www.doc.govt.nz/getting-involved/conservation-activities/with-childrenAttract lizards to your garden: www.doc.govt.nz/getting-involved/conservation-activities/attract-lizards-to-your-gardenBuild a weta motel: www.doc.govt.nz/getting-involved/conservation-activities/build-a-weta-motelDOC training courses: www.doc.govt.nz/getting-involved/training-and-teachingNatureWatchNZ - like Facebook for nature watchers (great with kids!): http://naturewatch.org.nzNature Space - promote your conservation project: http://www.naturespace.org.nzBring on the Birds, Gore Bay Ratepayers Association: demeters@xtra.co.nzBraided River protection group (BRaid): www.braid.org.nz EnviroSchools: www.enviroschools.org.nzDunes Restoration Trust: www.dunestrust.org.nzCanterbury Pest Species: ecan.govt.nz/our-responsibilities/pests-biodiversity/Pages/key-issues-pests-biodiversity.aspxEnvironmental Protection Authority: www.epa.govt.nz/Pages/default.aspx Weedbusters: www.weedbusters.co.nzLandcare Research Pest Management: www.landcareresearch.co.nz/resources/pestsMonarch Butterfly Trust www.monarch.org.nz/monarchParliamentary Commissioner for the Environment: www.pce.parliament.nz/publications/all-publications1080 Report: www.pce.parliament.nz/assets/Uploads/1080-update-report-web.pdf1080 Facts: www.1080facts.co.nzThe Green Toolbox - free Windows software to help choose plants for land management applications: www.landcareresearch.co.nz/resources/tools/green-toolboxWetlands monitoring assessment kit for communities & farmers: www.landcare.org.nz/wetmak/hubForest Monitoring Assessment Kit: www.formak.co.nz QEII National Trust - protect you land with a covenant: www.openspace.org.nzEdge of Existence: www.edgeofexistence.org

Climate change & sustainabilityResources for kids and teachers: www.climatechange.govt.nz/reducing-our-emissions/schoolstuffHow will climate change affect biodiversity? www.doc.govt.nz/documents/science-and-technical/sfc312entire.pdfHow will climate change affect us? www.niwa.co.nz/our-science/climate/information-and-resources/clivar/scenariosCarboNZero: www.landcareresearch.co.nz/resources/business/the-carbonzero-programme Energy Efficiency and Conservation Authority NZ: www.eeca.govt.nzHave you noticed plants flowering sooner? www.nzpcn.org.nz/page.aspx?flora_phenologyCarbon credits for forests: www.ebex21.co.nz/index.asp

Hey everyone!My name is Moko and I’m a New Zealand Rough Gecko.Did you know that in the last 100 years at least 85% of our habitat in the Hurunui Districthas disappeared?

Every day, more of our homes are beingdestroyed by invasive weeds and land clearing. Pest mammals like possums, stoats, rats, and increasingly, feral cats are also killing us and our babies.

My animal friends and I really need help, so we asked children of all ages to spread the word about us and our habitats.

And guess what? Over 100 children aged from 5 to 18 years wrote stories, took photos, and made drawings about us and some of the wonderful things people are doing to help protect us and restore our homes. So this book is about Celebrating Biodiversityin the Hurunui District!

We hope you will enjoy it.

Thanks, kids....and to everyone who helped make this book possible!