CE 370CE 370

Introduction to Water and Introduction to Water and Wastewater Treatment PlantsWastewater Treatment Plants

Types of UnitsTypes of Units

OperationsOperationsSedimentation, filtration, flotationSedimentation, filtration, flotation

ProcessesProcessesCoagulation, GAC adsorption, chlorination, activated Coagulation, GAC adsorption, chlorination, activated

sludgesludge

Water Treatment PlantsWater Treatment Plants

Common Surface Water Treatment PlantsCommon Surface Water Treatment PlantsFiltrationFiltrationSofteningSofteningChlorinationChlorination

Common Groundwater Treatment PlantsCommon Groundwater Treatment PlantsSofteningSofteningGas stripingGas stripingChlorinationChlorination

Degree of TreatmentDegree of TreatmentGroup

NumberMax Permissible Average MPN Total

Coliform Bacteria Per MonthTreatment Required

1 MPN not more than 1.0 None for protected ground water, but, at the maximum, chlorination for surface water

2 MPN not more than 50 Simple chlorination or equivalent

3 MPN not more than 5000, and this MPN exceeded in not more than 20% of samples

Rapid sand filtration (including coagulation) or its equivalent plus continuous chlorination

4 MPN greater than 5000 in more than 20% of samples and not exceeding 20,000 in

ore than 5% of the samples

Auxiliary treatment such as pre-sedimentation or pre-chlorination or its equivalent (either separately or combined) or pre-sedimentation for 30 days or more plus rapid sand filtration and chlorination

5 MPN exceeds Group 4 Prolonged storage or equivalent to bring within Groups 1 to 4

Other Parameters that Affect the Other Parameters that Affect the Selection of the Degree of TreatmentSelection of the Degree of Treatment

Physical CharacteristicsPhysical Characteristics Inorganic ChemicalsInorganic Chemicals Organic ChemicalsOrganic Chemicals RadionuclidesRadionuclides

Ease of removal by the selected treatment Ease of removal by the selected treatment schemescheme

Rapid Sand Filtration PlantRapid Sand Filtration Plant

Design ParametersDesign Parameters

The plant is designed based on the average The plant is designed based on the average flow on the day of maximum demandflow on the day of maximum demand

The clear well, which provides storage, is The clear well, which provides storage, is designed so that the plant may operate at a designed so that the plant may operate at a constant rate on the day of maximum demandconstant rate on the day of maximum demand

Lime-Soda Softening PlantLime-Soda Softening Plant

Groundwater Treatment PlantGroundwater Treatment Plant

Q

CSA

Well

CO2

H2S

Cl2

Clear Well or Ground Storage

Pump

Wastewater Treatment PlantWastewater Treatment Plant

Activated Sludge ProcessesActivated Sludge Processes Tertiary TreatmentTertiary Treatment Physical-chemical TreatmentPhysical-chemical Treatment Activated Sludge for Industrial WastewaterActivated Sludge for Industrial Wastewater

Completely mixedCompletely mixedDispersed plug-flowDispersed plug-flow

Aerated Lagoons for Industrial WastewaterAerated Lagoons for Industrial Wastewater

Activated Sludge PlantActivated Sludge Plant

Tertiary Treatment PlantTertiary Treatment Plant

Physical-Chemical Treatment PlantPhysical-Chemical Treatment Plant

Completely-Mixed AS ProcessCompletely-Mixed AS Process

Dispersed Plug-Flow AS ProcessDispersed Plug-Flow AS Process

Aerated Lagoon SystemAerated Lagoon System