causes of the american civil war. sectionalism devotion to one’s region or section rather than the...
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Causes of the American Civil War
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Sectionalism
• Devotion to one’s region or section rather than the nation as a whole.
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Band-Aids
• Fixes the problem (Temporarily) -Compromises are reached
-3/5 Compromise-Missouri Compromise
- Gag Rule in Congress 1836-46-Compromise of 1850-Kansas-Nebraska Act
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1803
• Louisiana Purchase- Will this new land be free or slave?
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1820Missouri
Compromise-Should Missouri be a slave state or a free state? Would tip the balance between free and slave states in Congress. -Allow Missouri to enter as a slave state and Maine enter as a free state. -Prevents slavery from going north of 36-30 Line
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1832• Nullification Crisis
-South Carolina is angry with the Tariff of Abomination-S.C. threatens to leave and Jackson threatens to use force to maintain order.
• John C. Calhoun, Henry Clay (the Great Pacificator)
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Compromise of 1850
– California a free state? – Yes…but…Popular Sovereignty in land ceded by Mexico
Fugitive Slave Act
• Henry Clay + Stephen Douglas
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Fugitive Slave Act
• Fugitive Slave Act of 1850: Any runaway slave that is caught in the North must be returned to the South. It is also illegal to assist runaway slaves.
• Many Northerners refuse to obey the law. • Northern states pass Personal Liberty Laws
– This angers southerners
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Jerry Rescue: Syracuse, NY
• William Henry AKA “Jerry” was a runaway slave that lived in Syracuse.
• Arrested on October 1, 1851. • Escapes to Canada with help from Underground Railroad
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Anthony Burns
• Runaway slave at the age of 19. Escaped from Richmond to Boston in 1853.
• May 24, 1854 he was discovered and arrested.• President Pierce wants the Fugitive Slave Act
strictly enforced. • Many New England abolitionists are outraged
and attempt to storm the court house and free Burns.
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Symbol of Resistance
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Harriet Beecher Stowe• American Abolitionist and Author.• Most famous for Uncle Tom’s Cabin
(1852)Reveals the atrocities of slavery.
• “So this is the little lady who started this great war.”
Abraham Lincoln
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1854
• Kansas-Nebraska Act• Repeals the Missouri Compromise, slavery
open to any territory if that state approves (popular sovereignty).
• Leads to a lot of problems…-Bleeding Kansas-John Brown
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Popular Sovereignty
• Compromise of 1850: Allow the people in the soon to be state determine if it should allow slavery or not.
• The “Free-Staters” and the “Border Ruffians” are going to want Kansas for their own side. So…. Anti-slavery activists and pro-slavery activists are going to rush into Kansas and try to throw the vote in their favor.
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Bleeding Kansas
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BLEEDING KANSAS• John Brown arrives in Kansas to fight slavery.• “Wakarusa War” begins on November 21,
1855… only one person dies, so its relatively bloodless.
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Problems In Congress
• Brooks V. SumnerBrooks = Southern Democrat from South Carolina.Sumner = Northerner Republican from Massachusetts.
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Brooks V. Sumner
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• "Mr. Sumner, I have read your speech twice over carefully. It is a libel on South Carolina, and Mr. Butler, who is a relative of mine.“ Preston Brooks
• "We consider the act good in conception, better in execution, and best of all in consequences. These vulgar abolitionists in the Senate must be lashed into submission.“Richmond Enquirer
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Dred Scott• Slave owned by U.S. Army
Major John Emerson. • Emerson is constantly being
moved around, including to Northern states.
• Northern states are free. • Emerson dies, his wife
inherits Scott. Scott sues for his freedom.
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Dred Scott Decision
• 1857: Case decided.• Chief Justice Roger B. Taney in charge of the
case. (he is a slave owner from a wealthy tobacco plantation family.)
• Slaves are not people, their property.• Slaves have no rights which a white man is
bound to respect. • Missouri Compromise Unconstitutional
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John Brown
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Brown in Action
• 1859: Pottawatomie Massacre. Brown and his following descend upon pro-slavery settlers in Kansas, killing 5.
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Harper’s Ferry
• 1859: Harper’s Ferry, VA (Present day WV)• Brown and a small group of anti-slavery
supporters raid the US Armory. They plan on seizing the armory and giving the weapons to slaves to lead an uprising.
• Brown will be tried for treason and executed. He will be seen as a martyr for the north.
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1860Lincoln is elected, defeats Stephen
Douglas. South Carolina secedes from the
Union.
18616 additional states secede and form the
Confederate States of America. Attack on Fort Sumter: April 12-13, 1861.
CIVIL WAR!!!
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Abraham Lincoln
• What a failure!!!1831 - Lost his job1832 - Defeated in run for Illinois State Legislature1833 - Failed in business1834 - Elected to Illinois State Legislature (success)1835 - Sweetheart died 1836 - Had nervous breakdown 1838 - Defeated in run for Illinois House Speaker 1843 - Defeated in run for nomination for U.S. Congress 1846 - Elected to Congress (success)1848 - Lost re-nomination1849 - Rejected for land officer position 1854 - Defeated in run for U.S. Senate 1856 - Defeated in run for nomination for Vice President1858 - Again defeated in run for U.S. Senate 1860 - Elected President (success)
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Most known for…
• Being rather tall 6’4”• Way too honest… “Honest Abe”• Killing Vampires with his spare time… (JK)• A little stint as President where he preserved
the Union.
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The Battle Lines Are Drawn
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