cattle and buffalo

7/28/2019 Cattle and Buffalo

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Recommendation

DadeldhuraBuffalo is the major dairy animal . The main pocket area of buffalo is Ashigram,

Bagarkot, Chipur, Sikhar Samaiji, Pokhara of Amargadhi Municapility, Kalipalmandau,

low belt of Mastamandu and Jogbudha. People prefer raising buffalo than cattle due tothe higher price of the buffalo milk. A number of Milk Producers Cooperative

Associations (MPCAs) are already established and united to form District Milk Producers

Cooperative Union (DPCU) for the production and marketing of milk. The formal milkmarketing sector is represented by a mini dairy plant run by DPCU supplies about 30

percent requirement of the Milk in the district head quarter, which is the major market of

milk consumption. Similarly main pocket area of goat are Jogbudha, Alital, Sirsha andGangkhet. The goats meets the requirement of local market and are also exported to Doti

and Achham districts. Few farmers in the district head quater have started keeping

commercial poultry to supply meat and eggs in the local market. Still the growth ofpoultry business is slow because the cost of production of the poultry products is higher

in Dadeldhura than in Mahendranagar and Dhangadhi markets which are in theneighboring districts. On the basis of the farmers preference, observations and secondary

informations the goat comes as a first priority livestock commodity and buffalo comes insecond.priority in the dadeldhura district.

Goat:

1. Control of internal parasit:Internal parasite is a problem of the goat farmers; therefore periodic drenching

program in goat is essential. Since the goats are kept in the same shade together withother livestock, drenching program is advised for all the livestock of the shed so that

the chances of recontamination between the species of livestock could be minimized.Drenching program may be conducted in accordance with the faecal examinationreport.

2. Control of external parasite:External parasites like lice, mange etc is also a problem of the goat causing a big lossto the farmers. In order to control external parasites, the goat needs to be dipped in a

dipping tank filled with water and appropriate concentration of insecticides.

Therefore dipping tanks needs to be constructed in the goat pocket areas. It isadvisable to construct dipping tank in the partnership with the farmers group so that

subsequent maintenance and its sustainability may be enhanced.

3 Construction and demonstration of model goat shed:The goats are kept in highly unhealthy environment together with all other livestock.Farmers are not aware of the requirement of separate shed for goat. It is therefore

better to construct a demonstration shed for certain number of goats. The shed should

be economic, and preferably made of locally available materials. After the

demonstration, a system of award may be started for those farmers who construct agood goat shed with the effect of demonstration.

4. Construction and demonstration ofTatno:


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The farmers at present are not using Tatno for providing fodder and grass. Once the

fodder is contaminated with urine or dung in the ground, the goats refuse to eat and

cause a loss of big volume of fodder. Therefore, a demonstration for the constructionand use of wooden Tatno to the goat farmers is advisable.

5. Establishment of goat collection center:

At present there is no goat marketing center therefore farmers sell their goats to thevendor fixing a price in a lump sum basis. It is therefore necessary to establish a goat

collection center for marketing. In addition to the other basic requirements a weighing

machine may be provided to the collection center so that farmer can sell his goat inlive weight basis. The collection center may run by a farmers group, Village

Development Committee or any organizations.

6. Fodder cultivation in the pocket area:Mostly farmers are dependent on public land or forests for goat grazing. For

sustainable goat farming, cultivation of suitable forage in the farmers fields,

community forests or in the leased forest area is highly essential. Different species of

forage like molases, napair, and stylo in the mid hills and white clover in the upper

hills is suitable for cultivation. In doing so, there is less dependency in the forests forfodder and consequently leads to sustainable goat farming and in the same time such

initiatives may improves the environment. In this case, a joint program with theDistrict Livestock Development Office (DLSO) is desirable.

7. Access of animal health services:Farmers are facing a big difficulty in receiving timely veterinary services time totime. Manpower involved in the government veterinary services at district level is not

enough to provide services through out the district. In such a situation, timely

veterinary services can not be expected. Timely veterinary service at the local levelcan only be anticipated, if there a trained manpower at the village itself.

Therefore selecting a suitable candidate for the training on Village Level Animal

Health Worker (VAHW) may fulfill the requirement of a technician for providingprimary health services at the local level. Such VAHW can charge a nominal fee forhis service. VAHW can also receive loan without interest to a sum of Rs 18000 from

the Animal Health Revolving Fund through the DLSO. Such loan money can be

utilized to purchase essential drugs and equipments.

8. Establishment of organized meat shops:At present the meat shops are scattered in the different locations of the market. In order toobtain the clean meat and maintain better environment, it is essential to establish an

organized meat shops so that supervision of the meat quality is easier and disposal of the

waste matter can be managed. This can be done in the partnership with the municipality

and the DLSO.

Buffalo1. Control of internal parasites:

There is a problem of internal in the dairy animals causing deterioration in the health

and productivity. Therefore periodic drenching program is essential to improve the

health status of the cattle and buffalo. The drenching program may be conducted inaccordance with the faecal examination report.


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and neighboring marketing city like Dhangadhi and Mahendranagar, various milk

products can be produced and marketed. The skills on the production of milk products

can be provided thorough the training.

7. Buffalo breed improvement :

Buffalo breed can be improved through the use of good quality buffalo bull. A

buffalo bull can be provided to the farmers group. The group will identify the personfor the care and management of the bull. Initially, a small fund may be created where

some contribution of the farmers group is necessary. Such fund may be deposited in

the bank and the interest may be used in the maintenance. Such fund can be used forthe replacement of another buffalo bull in future. The service charge obtained wills

the incentive of the bull caretaker.

Surkhet DistrictBuffalo is the major dairy animal. The main pocket area of buffalo is Uttarganga,

Sahare, Latikoili, Jarbuta, Gadhi, Ramghat and Babiyachaur. Although, few cattle are

commercially farmed at Uttarganga area, people prefer raising buffalo than cattle due

to the higher price of the buffalo milk.The formal milk marketing sector is represented by a mini dairy plant run by private

sector supplies about 40 percent requirement of the Milk in the district head quarter,which is the major market of milk consumption. Other production and marketing of

milk is Chhinchu area. Where a chilling center owned by DDC is running.

Similarly main pocket area of goat is Ramghat, Satakhani, Tatapani, Babayachaur,

Bijaura and Pokharikanda. Chhanchu area is the main outlet for goat. where a

collection is already established.

There are also some pig production pocket areas that are supplying pigs in the market.Two pig meat shops are running in the Birendranagar market itself.

Some farmers in the district head quarter have started keeping commercial poultry tosupply meat and eggs in the local market. The growth of poultry business isincreasing gradually.

On the basis of the farmers' preference, observations and secondary information the

buffalo comes as a first priority livestock commodity and goat comes in secondpriority in the Surkhet district.

Goat:

1.Control of internal parasit:Internal parasite is a problem of the goat farmers; therefore periodic drenching

program in goat is essential. Since the goats are kept in the same shade together withother livestock, drenching program is advised for all the livestock of the shed so that

the chances of recontamination between the species of livestock could be minimized.

Drenching program may be conducted in accordance with the faecal examinationreport.

2Control of external parasite:External parasites like lice, mange etc is also a problem of the goat causing a big lossto the farmers. In order to control external parasites, the goat needs to be dipped in a


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dipping tank filled with water and appropriate concentration of insecticides.

Therefore dipping tanks needs to be constructed in the goat pocket areas. It is

advisable to construct dipping tank in the partnership with the farmers group so thatsubsequent maintenance and its sustainability may be enhanced.

3.Establishment of goat collection center:At present there is no goat marketing center in the production area. Therefore farmerssell their goats to the vendor fixing a price in a lump sum basis. The vendor sell thegoat to the marketing center on basis live body weight by weighing. It is therefore

necessary to establish a goat collection center for marketing in the production areas.

In addition to the other basic requirements a weighing machine may be provided tothe collection center so that farmer can sell his goat in live weight basis. The

collection center may run by a farmers group, Village Development Committee or

any organizations.

4.Fodder cultivation in the pocket area:Mostly farmers are dependent on public land or forests for goat grazing. For

sustainable goat farming, cultivation of suitable forage in the farmers fields,community forests or in the leased forest area is highly essential. Different species of

forage like molases, napair, and stylo in the mid hills and white clover in the upper

hills is suitable for cultivation. In doing so, there is less dependency in the forests for

fodder and consequently leads to sustainable goat farming and in the same time suchinitiatives may improves the environment. In this case, a joint program with the

District Livestock Development Office (DLSO) is desirable.

5.Access of animal health services:Farmers are facing a big difficulty in receiving timely veterinary services time to

time. Manpower involved in the government veterinary services at district level is not

enough to provide services through out the district. In such a situation, timelyveterinary services can not be expected. Timely veterinary service at the local level

can only be anticipated, if there a trained manpower at the village itself.

Therefore selecting a suitable candidate for the training on Village Level AnimalHealth Worker (VAHW) may fulfill the requirement of a technician for providing

primary health services at the local level. Such VAHW can charge a nominal fee for

his service. VAHW can also receive loan without interest to a sum of Rs 18000 from

the Animal Health Revolving Fund through the DLSO. Such loan money can beutilized to purchase essential drugs and equipments.

6.Control of enterotoxemia disease in goat This problem is reported in the Surkhet district. This is a fetal disease of goat causing

death of a large number of goat goat in the flock. Vaccination against this disease is

desirable to protect the goat against this disease.Vaccination program can beconducted through the joint effort with DLSO.

Buffalo


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1Control of internal parasites:

There is a problem of internal in the dairy animals causing deterioration in the health

and productivity. Therefore periodic drenching program is essential to improve thehealth status of the cattle and buffalo. The drenching program may be conducted in

accordance with the faecal examination report.

2.Fodder cultivation and fodder tree plantationMostly farmers use stall feeding system to the buffalo, however they use forest and

public land for grazing purpose. For sustainable buffalo farming, cultivation of

suitable forage in the farmers fields, community forests or in the leased forest area ishighly essential. Different species of forage like molases, napair, stylo in the mid hills

and white clover in the upper hills is suitable for cultivation. Similarly suitable fodder

trees can be planted in the private land and community land. By doing so, there is less

dependency in the forests for fodder and consequently leads to sustainable buffalofarming and in the same time such initiatives may improves the environment. In this

case, a joint program with the District Livestock Development Office (DLSO) is

desirable.

3.Access of veterinary service

Farmers are facing a big difficulty in receiving timely veterinary services time totime. Manpower involved in the government veterinary services at district level is not

enough to provide services through out the district. In such a situation, timely

veterinary services can not be expected. Timely veterinary service at the local levelcan only be anticipated, if there a trained manpower at the village itself.

Therefore selecting a suitable candidate for the training on Village Animal Health

Worker (VAHW) may fulfill the requirement of a technician for providing primary

health services at the local level. Such VAHW can charge a nominal fee for hisservice. VAHW can also receive loan without interest to a sum of Rs 18000 from the

Animal Health Revolving Fund through the DLSO. Such loan money can be utilized

to purchase essential drugs and equipments.

4.Training on improved dairy husbandry practices:

Although the farmers are traditionally farming the dairy animals, still it needs toprovide them knowledge about the improved dairy husbandry practices. Such

improved practices includes shed management, feed management, health care and

other sanitary measures. Such training should be of short duration and can be

provided in the village itself.

5.Improvement in milk marketing:

The major area of milk marketing is the head quarter of the district, where majority of

the consumer purchase milk from the informal sector where the quality of milk(especially adulteration with water) has no guarantee. Only a few consumers prefer to

purchase milk from the formal sector where the milk quality is assured. It shows that

majority of consumers are not much aware of the quality of the milk. Thereforeconsumer awareness program about the consumption of good quality milk is

important. Such program can be lunched through the workshops, interactions, using

different publications like booklets, pamphlets, posters etc. In the same time milk

producers should be insisted to adopt different measures to produce clean milk. All


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the personnel involved in the milk marketing system should also be orientated on the

proper handling of milk to maintain its quality.

6.Diversification of milk products:

To enhance the consumption of the milk, diversification of milk to produce different

milk products is preferable. Based on the demand of milk products in the local market

and neighboring marketing city like Nepalgung, various milk products can beproduced and marketed. The skills on the production of milk products can be

provided thorough the training. Such milk diversification should be initiated in

Chhanchu area urgently. In addition, ice cream training and necessary support shouldbe provided to the private dairy situated at Birendranagar.

7.Buffalo breed improvement :

Buffalo breed can be improved through the use of good quality buffalo bull and

artificial insemination (AI). In the area, where there no access of AI, a buffalo bullcan be provided to the farmers group. The group will identify the person for the care

and management of the bull. Initially, a small fund may be created where some

contribution of the farmers group is necessary. Such fund may be deposited in the

bank and the interest may be used in the maintenance. Such fund can be used for thereplacement of another buffalo bull in future. The service charge obtained will be the

incentive for the bull caretaker.

cattle and buffalo

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