catalyst – october (2 2 -2), 2009 objectives swbat determine the trends for atomic size and...
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Catalyst – October (22-2), 2009
Objectives SWBAT determine the trends for atomic size
and electronegativity.
Catalyst What family is Calcium in? What period is Rb in? Who was the first person to leave spaces for
undiscovered elements on the periodic table? How did Mosley’s periodic table differ from all
of the tables that came before his?
Today’s Agenda
Catalyst Finishing Families More secrets of the PT: Atomic
Size and Electronegativity Exit Question
Alkali Metals
Alkali metals are very reactive – even with water!
Sodium + Water EXPLOSION!
Alkaline Earth Metals
Alkaline Earth metals are also very reactive Shiny solids that are harder than Alkali
metals Alkaline Earth Metal Spotlight: CALCIUM
Calcium is essential for human life, especially in maintaining bones and teeth
Found widely in nature combined with oxygen Abrasives in toothpaste and emery boards
Magnesium Demo!
Boron’s Group
Gallium is a silver metal that literally melts in your hand!
Don’t try this
yourself!
Carbon’s Group
Carbon is one of the most important elements on Earth! There is a whole branch of chemistry
dedicated to studying carbon – ORGANIC CHEMISTRY!
If you are a science major in college, you will most likely take Organic
Silicon is the second most abundant element on Earth! Use in computer chips and solar cells Found in quartz, sand, and glass
Nitrogen’s Group
Metals, nonmetals, and metalloids! Nitrogen, which you breathe, can
form some of the most explosive compounds known to man
Arsenic is a toxic substance that was used to treat some illnesses back in the day
Bismuth is used in fire sprinklers
Oxygen’s Group
Oxygen We must breathe oxygen to survive…
so it’s pretty important Reacts with some of the noble gases
Sulfur Hydrogen sulfide smells like rotten egg
Selenium Used in solar panels because it can
convert light into energy
Fluorine (really fluoride) is added to toothpaste
Chlorine gas is a deathly green gas that was first used as a form of chemical WARFARE in WWII
Halogens (Fluorine’s Group)
Noble Gases (Helium’s Group) Noble gases do not react with other
elements very often – they are already “happy” They can be called “inert” because
they don’t react Neon is used in neon lights Helium Voice!
Transition Metals
Conduct electricity Can form different ions (We’ll learn
more about ions later!) Many found in nature – found all
over the world (map on page 200) Uses
Found in alloys, wires, plastics, etc. Your body needs trace (small)
amounts many of them
What is Atomic Size?
Atomic size is… How big an atom is Also known as atomic radius
Graphing Atomic Size (Radii)Draw a line graph
X-axis: Element Y-axis: Atomic Radii (picometers)
Part 1 – points = dotsPart 2 – points = squares
Elements and their Atomic Radii (1)
Element Atomic Radius (picometer)
Hydrogen 37
Lithium 152
Sodium 186
Potassium 227
Rubidium 248
Cesium 265
1 picometer = 1 x 10-12 m
Elements and their Atomic Radii (2)
Element Atomic Radius (picometer)
Lithium 152
Beryllium 112
Boron 85
Carbon 77
Nitrogen 75
Oxygen 73
Fluorine 72
Neon 71
1 picometer = 1 x 10-12 m
What trend(s) do
you notice?
Atomic size DECREASES as you go across the Periodic TableA
tom
ic size IN
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Atomic Size
Key Point #1: Atomic size increases as you go down the periodic table and decreases as you go left to right across the periodic table.
Practice Problems
Rank the following elements in order of increasing atomic size based on location on the periodic table (smallest to biggest)
Fr, Sc, P, Pd
F, As, Tl, S
Magnesium, Hydrogen, Francium, StrontiumFluorine, Sulfur, Arsenic, Thallium
Practice Time!
1. T or F? Atomic size decreases as you move right across the periodic table.
2. T or F? As you move down the Periodic Table, atoms get smaller.
3. Rank the following sets of elements in order of increasing atomic size (small big).
Set A: Bh, Mn, Re, Tc Set B: Sb, I, Ag, Ru Set C: Y, Ti, Sg, Ta
4. Rank the following sets of elements in order of decreasing atomic size (big small).Set A: Cl, At, I, F, Br Set B: Te, Xe, Sn, In
Set C: Rb, K, Sr, Ca
What is electronegativity?
Electronegativity is… The ability of an atom to attract electrons to itself in a chemical bond
How much an atom wants electrons
Graphing Electronegativity
Draw a line graph X-axis: Element Y-axis: Electronegativity
Part 1 – points = dotsPart 2 – points = squares
Elements and their Electronegativity (1)
Element Atomic Radius (Paulings)
Hydrogen 2.20
Lithium 0.98
Sodium 0.93
Potassium 0.82
Rubidium 0.82
Cesium 0.79
Francium 0.70
Elements and their Electronegativity (2)
Element Atomic Radius (Paulings)
Lithium 0.98
Beryllium 1.57
Boron 2.04
Carbon 2.55
Nitrogen 3.04
Oxygen 3.44
Fluorine 3.98
What trend(s) do
you notice?
Electronegativity
Key Point #2: Electronegativity decreases as you go down the periodic table and increases as you go left to right across the periodic table.
Practice Problems
Rank the following elements in order of increasing electronegativity based on location on the periodic table (smallest to biggest)
Mg, Sr, Be, Ra
Cl, Si, Al, S, P
Radon, Strontium, Magnesium, BerylliumAluminum, Silicon, Phosphorus, Sulfur, Chlorine
Practice Time!1. T or F? Electronegativity decreases as you
move left across the periodic table.2. T or F? As you move down the Periodic
Table, atoms get more electronegative.3. Rank the following sets of elements in order
of increasing electronegativity (small big). Set A: Bh, Mn, Re, Tc Set B: Sb, I, Ag, Ru Set C: Y, Ti, Sg, Ta
4. Rank the following sets of elements in order of decreasing electronegativity (big small).Set A: Cl, At, I, F, Br Set B: Te, Xe, Sn, In
Set C: Rb, K, Sr, Ca
How does atomic size related to electronegativity?
Key Point #3: Atomic size is indirectly related to electronegativity
ELECTRONEGATIVITY
ATOMIC SIZE
As electronegativity increases, atomic size decreases!
Why is this relationship true? Atoms with HIGH
ELECTRONEGATIVITIES hold their electrons very close!
Sooooo, the atomic size decreasesHigh or low electronegativity?
Large or small atomic size?
Group Work Time!
Exit Question
1. Which element has atoms with the smallest size: Cl, Se, P, or F?
2. Which element has the largest electronegativity: Ag, Cu, Hg, or Zn?
3. What is the relationship between atomic size and electronegativity?