casestudy3 rewards of sustainability in education · 2017. 8. 15. · 0 40 60 80 120 160 more...

Rewards of Sustainability in Education

Agenda

• Aboutthestudy• Keyearlydesigndecisions• Expansionandupgrades• Commitmenttoadvancingsystemsandtechnology

• Nextsteps• Trendsandnewideas

The Study

• The“newguys”wantedtolookatpastwork

• Unfunded analysis• Amazingresults

NUsingsitefeatures

Embracing the site

a.

b.

c.a.

b.

c.

Architectural Elements

Building diagrams

Comprehensive Energy Model

Monthly Energy Consumption by End Use

Utility Costs

Olin Library Energy Consumption 8/12/11

0 40 60 80 120 160

MoreEfficient LessEfficient

8343

Estimatedsavingsof$3,400,000 inutilitiesduringa40yearbuildinglifespan

EnergyUseIndexforEducation(Kbtu/ft2peryear)

Energyuse

RLF-DesignedOlinLibrary NationalAverage

60TypicalRangeforEducation150

SpaceCool28%

HeatReject.5%SpaceHeat5%Hot

Water.3%

Vent.Fans3%Pumps

andAux.12%

Misc.Equip.11%

EmergencyLights11%

AreaLights24%

RLF Sustainable Designs

Environmental Benefits of Energy Savings

Lighting Retrofit Benefits

• T12toT8Retrofit40wattto32wattconversion

• MagnetictoElectronicBallast• LEDExitsigns

Lighting Retrofit Benefits

• T12toT8Retrofit40wattto32wattconversion

• MagnetictoElectronicBallast• LEDExitsigns• 35%PowerSavingsinLighting

(79,900KWh/yr,$8,790/yr)

• ReduceCoolingloadby2.5%(8,250KWh/yr,$908/yr)

• IncreasedHeating(461therms/yr,$368/yr)

Control Retrofit

• Sub-metersonbuilding• PneumatictoDDC• NewVFD’s

Control Retrofit Benefits

“Youcannotmanagewhatyoudonotmeasure”JackWelch

District Cooling Model

• Conversionofunitaryequipmenttodistributed chilledwater.Replacingsmallerlessefficientreciprocatingchillerswithhighefficiencycentrifugalchillers.

• Usingvariablespeedchiller.

• Oversizecooling tower

• Multiple stagesofheatrecoveryAuxiliarycondenserbarrelwatersourceheatpumps

District Cooling Model Benefits

• Conversionofunitaryequipmenttodistributed chilledwater.Replacingsmallerlessefficientreciprocatingchillerswithhighefficiencycentrifugalchillers.

Savings:$23,200/yr• Usingvariablespeedchiller.

Savings$7,700/yr• Oversizecooling tower

Savings$1,100/yr• Multiple stagesofheatrecovery

Auxiliarycondenserbarrelwatersourceheatpumps

Auxiliary Condenser

SimpleandEfficient

Useoftheauxiliarycondenseroptionactuallyincreasesthechiller’sefficiencybyincreasingcondenserheattransfersurfaceareaandlowering thepressuredifferentialthecompressormustgenerate.

0.0

100.0

200.0

300.0

400.0

500.0

600.0

700.0

800.0

2005 2006 2007 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035

Qua

drillionBTUs

Historic Projected

PopulationGrowth

World Energy Consumption

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

Religious Warehouse Retail Education Office HealthcareOutpatient

HealthcareInpatient

(Kbtu/ft2 peryear)Energy Use Index (EUI)

ConservationMeasures(1st effort)• Buildingenvelopeandorientation,• HVACequipmentandcontrols• Lightingandlightingcontrols

GenerationMeasures(2nd effort)• Renewables

§ Solar,Wind,Geothermal,Hydropower,OceanEnergy

• Generation§ Co-generation(CombinedHeatandPower)

§ Tri-generation

Designing Energy Efficient Facilities

Concentrateeffortsbyenergyusage§ Cooling§ Lighting§ Pumps§ SpaceHeat§ Ventilation§ HotWater

SpaceCool28%

HeatReject.5%

SpaceHeat5%

HotWater.3%

Vent.Fans3%

Pumps&Aux.12%

Misc.Equip.11%

EmergencyLights11%

AreaLights24%

Conservation Measures

($600,000)

($400,000)

($200,000)

$0

$200,000

$400,000

$600,000

$800,000

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28CumulativeLCS

Years

CumulativeLife-CycleSavings

SinglePaneAzurlite**CalifSeries- WaterWhiteCrystalCalifSeries- SeaFoamLow-EClearCalifSeries- TahoeBlueViracon- VE1-55- Low-EClearViracon- VE1-85- Low-EClearViracon- VE7-55- Low-EAzurliteViracon- VE7-85- Low-EAzurlitePPG- SolarBan2000*

*Life-CycleCostChoice**SimplePaybackChoice

Energy ModelingTooptimizedesignoptions

IncreasingInsulation(R)Value

%ofH

eatLoss

0

20

40

60

80

100

Optimizing Building EnvelopeDiminishingReturnsforimprovingInsulationValues

§ SolarEnergy

§ WindEnergy

§ GeothermalEnergy

§ HydroPower

§ OceanEnergy

Renewable Measures

Future Cost of Renewable Energy

Solar Irradiance Map

Economical Ground Mount Array with earth augers

AnnualGeneration1,476,000KWH

Typical1,000KWSolarArray

Project Costs($)

ElectricityProduced(Annual$)

MaintenanceCosts

(Annual$)

IncentiveRate($)

SimplePayback(years)

5,500,000 246,400 ($8,000) 1,650,000 16.1

Economics of Solar Power

AnnualGeneration3,066MWH

(35%ofTotal)

Typical1,000KWWindTurbineMeanWindSpeed:12mph(5.5M/sec)

Economics of Wind Power

Project Costs($)


MaintenanceCosts

(Annual$)

IncentiveRate($)


2,600,000 429,300 ($85,000) 780,000 5.3

Economics of Wind Power

§ Collector isconverting radiationintoheat

§ Output(efficiency)dependsoncollectorefficiencyandinlettemperature,radiationintensityandheattransferfluidflowrate

§ Thelowertheheattransferfluidflowratethehighertheoutlettemperature.

§ Thelowertheabsorbertemperaturethehigherthecollectorefficiency.

§ HeatmustbestoredsincesolarsupplyandDHWdemandpatternsdonotalwaysmatch.

Solar Thermal Systems

Economics of Solar Thermal Systems

Adollar’sworthofnaturalgascontains4.5timesmoreenergythanadollar’sworthofelectricity.

of

NaturalGas$0.90/therm

=111,100Btu’sEnergy

of

Electricity$0.14/KWH

=24,400Btu’sEnergy

Economics of Natural Gas

Typical1,000KWGeneratorUsing:NaturalGas

EngineHeatToAtmosphere7.0MMBtu/hr(67%ofTotal)

ProjectCosts($)


GasUsed

(Annual$)

ThermalRecovery(Annual$)

Maint.Costs

(Annual$)

EnergySavings

(Annual$)


OverallEfficiency

(%)

1,800,000 1,179,360 (788,486) 0 ($126,000) 264,874 6.8 33%

EngineGeneration3.4MMBtu/hr(33%ofTotal)

FuelConsumption10.4MMBtu/hr(100%ofTotal)

Economics of GenerationWithaReciprocatingEngine


Typical1,000KWGeneratorWithHeatRecoveryUsing:NaturalGas


UsableEngineHeat5.0MMBtu/hr (48%ofTotal)

EngineGeneration3.4MMBtu/hr (33%ofTotal)

Economics of CogenerationWithaReciprocatingEngine

ProjectCosts($)


GasUsed

(Annual$)


Maint.Costs

(Annual$)

EnergySavings

(Annual$)


OverallEfficiency

(%)

2,100,000 1,179,360 (788,486) 379,080 ($130,000) 639,954 3.3 81%


TurbineHeatAvailable4.2MMBtu/hr(35%ofTotal)




Economics of cogenerationWithaMicro-turbine

ProjectCosts($)


GasUsed

(Annual$)


Maint.Costs

(Annual$)

EnergySavings

(Annual$)


OverallEfficiency

(%)

2,800,000 1,179,360 (917,373) 318,427 ($130,000) 450,414 6.2 63%


EngineHeatToAtmosphere1.4MMBtu/hr(19%ofTotal) FuelCellHeatAvailable

2.5MMBtu/hr (34%ofTotal)



Economics of GenerationWithFuelCell

ProjectCosts($)


GasUsed

(Annual$)


Maint.Costs

(Annual$)

EnergySavings

(Annual$)


OverallEfficiency

(%)

3,800,000 1,179,360 (553,460) 189,540 ($175,000) 640,440 5.9 81%



Typical1,000KWGeneratorWithHeatRecoveryUsing:

LandfillGas


EngineHeatAvailable5.0MMBtu/hr(48%ofTotal)

Economics of CognerationWithRenewableFuels

ProjectCosts($)


GasUsed

(Annual$)


Maint.Costs

(Annual$)

EnergySavings

(Annual$)


OverallEfficiency

(%)

2,100,000 1,179,360 0 379,080 ($130,000) 1,428,440 1.5 81%

Conventional200Total(85usable)

43%efficient

Co-Generation for Education

HeatDemand

PowerDemand

35

15

50

Losses

Co-Generation100Total(85usable)

85%efficient

50

10

35

105Losses

Losses

CHPSystem Boiler

Utility

Pow

er

TheEconomicalGreenSolution

casestudy3 rewards of sustainability in education · 2017. 8. 15. · 0 40 60 80 120 160 more...

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