energy efficient and passive house building design · pdf fileenergy efficient and passive...

Building Energy Efficiency Project Mongolia / UNDP/GEF

Energy Efficient and Passive House Building Design GuidelinesPart 8 : Energy from Renewable Energy SourcesPart 9 : Sizing and Efficiencies of Building Systems

Building Energy Efficiency ProjectMongolia / UNDP/GEF

Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia , g

August 2011

Dr. Adil LariAustrian Consulting Engineers Group ZT-GmbH

Währinger Straße 115/23

1180 Vienna, AUSTRIA

Phone: 0043/ (0) 1 408 94 05

Fax: 0043/ (0) 1 402 58 77

[email protected]

vision becomes reality

www.acegroup.at


INTRODUCTION

Dr. Adil Lari :• Practicing Architect and Managing Director of the

Austrian Consulting Engineers Group ACE Group• has over 20 years experience building low-energy• has over 20 years experience building low-energy

buildings in Europe and abroad.• consultant for buildings sector Energy Efficiency

and Renewable Energy policy development in Europe, CIS and the Near EastEurope, CIS and the Near East

ACE Group Mission Statement:

ENERGY EFFICIENT AND RENEWABLE ENERGYENERGY EFFICIENT AND RENEWABLE ENERGYMEASURES FOR BUILDINGS CAN BE LOW-COST.THEY PAY FOR THEMSELVES IN A SHORT TERMAND


AND PROVIDE LONG-TERM COMFORT AND SAVINGS


PRESENTATION OVERVIEW

• The Solar House Concept

• Efficiency in Diverse Climatic Regions

• Simulation resultsSimulation results

Field test resultsvision becomes reality

• Field test results


The Solar House Concept

• Solar Houses can be new-build or renovation. They can be homes, offices or public buildings. Solar Houses proposes a target framework for how to design and renovate such buildings that contribute positively to human health and well-being by focusing on the indoor and outdoor environment and the use of renewable energyon the indoor and outdoor environment and the use of renewable energy.

• ENERGY- Contributes positively to the energy balance of the building• A Solar House is energy efficient and all energy needed is supplied by renewable

energy sources integrated in the building or from the nearby collective energy system and electricity grid.

• INDOOR CLIMATE - Creates a healthier and more comfortable life for the occupants• A Solar House creates healthier and more comfortable indoor conditions for the

occupants and the building ensures generous supply of daylight and fresh airoccupants and the building ensures generous supply of daylight and fresh air. Materials used have a positive impact on comfort and indoor climate.

• ENVIRONMENT - Has a positive impact on the environment• A Solar House interacts positively with the environment by means of an optimised

l ti hi ith th l l t t f d f d it ll


relationship with the local context, focused use of resources, and on its overall environmental impact throughout its life cycle.


Solar House



Conventional Solar Thermal Systems

Share of solar energy in conventional systems

wee

k[k

Wh]

per

w

Energy provided by solar system Total energy demand



Solar Housing Concept

and

[kW

h/m

2]

Seasonal storage

Seasonal distribution of supply and demand

BuildingFloor area 128 m2

Heat insulation WSchVo ´95

Hea

tdem

a

Rad

iatio

n [

•40m2 Collector area•10m3 Storage capacity•72% Solar fraction•30kWh/(m2a) Heating demand

Irradiation Back-up heating system

Energy demandSpace heatingand Hot water

Heat demandSpace heating~12000 kWh/a

Weather datand[k

Wh]

e he

atin

g)

kWh/

m2 ]

atan

gle

of45

°)

Weather dataTest reference year WьrzburgRadiation sumcollector level: 1231 kWh/(m2)

Hea

tdem

an(D

HW

+ S

pace

Rad

iatio

n [

(glo

bal i

rradi

ance


Jan. Feb. March April May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.

Heat demand Drinking water 3600 kWh/a


Climatic Zones• Solar radiation Northern Europe• Heating degree days

Northern Europe+ High space heating demand– Low solar radiation

Central Europe

Southern Europe

Central Europe+ Space heating demand+ Solar radiation

Southern Europe+ High solar radiation– Low space heating demand



Climatic Zones

Space heating DHW demand

Building heat demand

Space heating demand (kWh:m².y)

DHW demand (kWh/m².y)

Nice 18.2 10.4

Zurich 54.8 12.3

Roma 20.6 10.4

Vienna 39.5 12.3

Constanza 31.6 10.4



Climatic ZonesAnnual energy performances for different European

Fsav(-) Primary energyconsumption1 (kWh/m²)

CO2 avoided2

(kg)th l t d d

gy p pclimates:

consumption (kWh/m ) (kg)thermal extendedNice (15m²,900l) 0.84 0.75 11.8 559Zurich (20m²,1200l) 0.43 0.39 44.0 556Roma (15m²,900l) 0.77 0.69 14.6 561Vienna (20m²,1200l) 0.42 0.38 43.0 510Constanta(20m²,1200l) 0.56 0.51 29.7 576

1 Space heating + DHW + auxiliary system (pumps)


Space heating DHW auxiliary system (pumps)2 Conversion factor: 180 g CO2 /kWh for electricity and 206 g CO2 /kWh for gas


Applications in Diverse Building Types

RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGSSingle Family Homes

Multi-Family Houses

Rehabilitation of Existing Housing

SCHOOLS AND KINDERGARTENS

HOTELS, OFFICES and other COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS



Single Family Houses

Appliancesa ppVentilationHot waterHeating

acte

ristic

kWh/

m2 a

End

ener

gych

ara

Existing buildings

Low energy building

Passive house



Existing Markets and Benchmarks



Projections



Existing Markets



Existing Markets – Passive Houses

Market Penetration per country


in the newbuilding sector


Projections



Existing MarketsSolar thermal market EC:

Growth rate 2008: +60%

Germany

• Growth rate : + 120%

M kt i “• „Marktanreizprogramm“ (market incentive programme)

budget freeze



Spain + 58% Italy + 28%Solar thermal markets

F 18%France + 18% Austria + 24%



Solar thermal markets



Contribution of solar Thermal to the EU 27Contribution of solar Thermal to the EU 27Heating and Cooling Demand by Sector to 2050



Solar House Concept



Solar House Concept

Innovative partsInnovative parts • Highly insulated storage

tanks • Heat transfer fluid (glycol)

• Control system

combined with off-the-shelf components



Mozart house

450 235 270 275

Cuisine Chambre 1 Chambre 2

405

250

Single familiy house

1 floor

W C

Sйjour

Entrйe

135

570

• 1 floor• 100 m2• 5 rooms

W C

Salle debains

Chambre 3

280

270 450 140 205 37560

• Radiant floor heating


270 450 140 205 37560


Climatic Zones

Space heating DHW demand

Building heat demand

Space heatingdemand (kWh/m².y)

DHW demand (kWh/m².y)

Nice 18.2 10.4

Zurich 54.8 12.3

Roma 20.6 10.4

Vienna 39.5 12.3

Constanza 31.6 10.4



Simulation results

3 4 9 0

2 4

2 6

2 8

3 0

3 2

ratu

re (°

C)

ro o m te m p e ra tu rere q ue s t te m p e ra tu re ro o mc o m f o rt te m p e ra tu re lim it

5 0

6 0

7 0

8 0

9 0

ratu

re (°

C)

D H W te m p e ra tu rec o m f o rt D H W te m p e ra tu re

3 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 6 0 0 0 7 0 0 0 8 0 0 0 9 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 2 0 0 01 4

1 6

1 8

2 0

2 2

ti (h )

tem

pe

3 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 6 0 0 0 7 0 0 0 8 0 0 0 9 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 01 0

2 0

3 0

4 0

tim e (h )te

mpe

r

t im e (h ) tim e (h )

Indoor air temperature over the year without auxiliary heating - Nice

Upper temperature of DHW over the year without auxiliary heating - Nice



Simulation results

2500

3000

3500

Wh)

2500

3000

3500

Wh)

5000

6000

7000

Wh)

5000

6000

7000

Wh)solar energy

b k

500

1000

1500

2000

ener

gy(in

kW

500

1000

1500

2000

ener

gy(in

kW

1000

2000

3000

4000

ener

gy(in

kW

1000

2000

3000

4000

ener

gy(in

kWback up

(DHW+heating)auxiliarytotal heat losses

(tanks+pipes)DHW demandSpace heating

demand

0

500

0

500

00

demand

Annual energy balance – Nice(15m² solar collectors, 900l tank)

Annual energy balance – Zurich(20m² solar collectors, 1200l storage tanks)



Annual energy performances for different European climates

Simulation resultsAnnual energy performances for different European climates

Fsav(-) Primary energyconsumption1 (kWh/m²)

CO2 avoided2

(kg)th l t d d consumption (kWh/m ) (kg)thermal extendedNice (15m²,900l) 0.84 0.75 11.8 559Zurich (20m²,1200l) 0.43 0.39 44.0 556Roma (15m²,900l) 0.77 0.69 14.6 561Vienna (20m²,1200l) 0.42 0.38 43.0 510Constanta(20m²,1200l) 0.56 0.51 29.7 576

1 Space heating + DHW + auxiliary system (pumps)


Space heating DHW auxiliary system (pumps)2 Conversion factor: 180 g CO2 /kWh for electricity and 206 g CO2 /kWh for gas


FIELD TEST« Puits de Rians » (France)

a) Characteristic :• Gross area : 118 m²• Windows area : 14.25 m²

« Puits de Rians » (France)

• Heating floor• Orientation : -15° (S-SE)

b) U-value)Building elements Roof Floor

Wall to outside

Window

U-value0 38 0 64 1 88 2 95/1 31(W/m².K) 0.38 0.64 1.88 2.95/1.31



Field test results

171819202122

11121314151617

re (°C)

456789

10

Tempe

ratu

Indoor air temperature

01234

12:0018:00 0:00 6:00 12:0018:00 0:00 6:00 12:0018:00 0:00 6:00 12:0018:00 0:00 6:00 12:0018:00 0:00 6:00 12:0018:00 0:00

Outside air temperature

Setpoint temperature


Time (hh:mm)

01 to 06 May


Field test results

Building energy demand

Solar energy production

Initial storage charge

Storage chargeStorage charge

Storage discharge

Storage tank losses

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350

E (i kWh)


Energy (in kWh)

01 to 06 May


Solar collector

a) Physical parametersTotal collector area : 17 m²Number in series : 6Number in series : 6Collector slope : 57.9°Collector azimuth : -34° (S-SE)

b) Efficiency parameters) y pOptical efficiency, η0= 0.675First order efficiency coefficient, a1 = 2.18 W/(m².K)Second order efficiency coefficient, a2 = 0.0142

W/(m².K²)Flow rate at test conditions : 60 kg/(hr m²)Flow rate at test conditions : 60 kg/(hr.m²)

c) Charasteristic of the fluid (at 70°C)Specific heat capacity : 2.884 kJ/(kg.K)Density : 1012 kg/m3


Density : 1012 kg/m


Outlet solar collector temperatureField test results

50

100

150

empe

rature

(°C)

0

12:0018:00 0:00 6:00 12:0018:00 0:00 6:00 12:0018:00 0:00 6:00 12:0018:00 0:00 6:00 12:0018:00 0:00 6:00 12:0018:00 0:00

Te

01 to 06 May


19 to 25 May 11 to 13 MayTrnsys SimulationData acquisition


Tank

Insulation strategy:

Spaceloft (from Aspen Aerogel) with a thickness of 10 mm and a thermal conductivity of 0.019 W/mK.Air gap with a thickness of 5 mm and a thermal conductivity of 0.0242 W/mK.Spaceloft with a thickness of 10 mm and a thermal conductivity of 0.019 W/mK.50 mm thick layer of PIR (Polyisocyanurate) with a thermal conductivity of 0.024 W/mK.



120

Field test results

100

120

Tank1

Tank2

Tank3

Tank4

60

80

erature (°C)

20

40Tempe

0

20

12:0018:00 0:00 6:00 12:0018:00 0:00 6:00 12:0018:00 0:00 6:00 12:0018:00 0:00 6:00 12:0018:00 0:00 6:00 12:0018:00 0:00

Time (hh;mm)


Time (hh;mm)

01 to 06 May


Field test – Annual energy balance

Fsav, thermal= 28 %Fsav, extended = 16%



Space heating demand DHW demand

Field testSpace heating demand

(kWh/m².year)DHW demand (kWh/m².year)

Puits de Rians 100 13Standard house 60 13Standard house 60 13Low energy house 30 13Passive house 15 13

Th P it d Ri h i t tiThe Puits de Rians house is representative of a poorly insulated house in Southern Europe



Field test – ConclusionSi l ti lt li d t th fi ld t t h hSimulation results applied to the field test have shown:

Solar energy saving fraction = 28%Annual Energy saving = 4384 kWh

Quantity of CO2 avoided = 1062 kgAnnual financial saving = 257 €

Boiler efficiency : 0.85Gas tariff : 0.05 €/kWh

Results are below expectations but the building typology of the Puits de Rianshouse (low energy efficient building) is not really adapted to the Solar House

system


system


Potential Marketsfor the Solar House system

1. The Solar system is an ecologically worthwhile and accountable contribution tomake solar energy gained in summer available in seasons of low solar radiation.

2. Heat coverage of the Solar House system of 40% corresponds to European state-of-the-art – the fundamental idea to save energy by up to 50% is a realisticgoal.

3. In pace with the development of solar thermal systems, supporting an increaseddemand of solar thermal applications and awareness for RE.demand of solar thermal applications and awareness for RE.

4. Use of the Solar House system in passive houses will allow for coverage of thefull-year thermal load of single family houses. Under optimal conditionsapplicable throughout Europe.

5. Fixing of system price should take into consideration investment potential oftarget groups.

6. Internationally accepted certification: − Guarantee quality


q y− Create wide acceptance among customers− Meet requirements of national subsidies


Thank you for your attention!

Waehringer Str. 115

1180 Vienna, AUSTRIA

Tel.: 0043 1 408 9405

Fax: 0043 1 402 5877

Mail: [email protected]

www acegroup atwww.acegroup.at

Dr. Adil LariM i di t


Managing director

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