caryophyllaceae - devonshire association

Caryophyllaceae

407A New Flora of Devon

Night-flowering Catchfly Silene noctiflora

Map 310. Silene noctiflora (Night-flowering Catchfly) Map 311. Silene latifolia (White Campion)

l Silene noctiflora L.

Night-flowering Catchfly – Map 310

Very rare. Vulnerable on the British Red List. Introduced,

an archaeophyte. Arable fields and waste ground. Always

uncommon, it is rarely encountered now. Modern records

are listed.

Flora p.144, Atlas p.38 (4), 1987 onwards (4).

VC3

SX55 On waste ground at Boringdon Park, Plymouth,

SX530580, 2007, D.Fenwick & P.D.Pullen (DA 2008).

SX76 One plant in gateway at Dartington, SX797618,

2005, N.Cozens (DA 2006).

SX99 One plant in arable field east of Columbjohn,

SX961995, 2001, N.F.Stewart.

VC4

SS51 Beaford, South Harepath, SS552138, 2005,

E.Townsend. Probably sown as part of a

conservation seed mixture.

l Silene latifolia Poir.

White Campion – Map 311

Occasional. Introduced, an archaeophyte. Arable fields, on

waste ground and in hedge banks. Much less common

than before. All records are assumed to be subsp. alba

(Mill.) Greuter & Burdet.

Flora as Lychnis alba Mill. p.145, Atlas as Silene alba (Mill.)

E.H.L.Krause p.38 (251), 1987 onwards (99).

l Silene × hampeana Meusel & K.Werner

Pink Campion – Map 312 (overleaf)

S. dioica × S. latifolia

Occasional. Native. May occur where the parents grow

together. Perhaps over recorded for pink forms of S. dioica.

Flora as Lychnis alba Mill. × L. dioica p.145, Atlas as S. ×

intermedia (Schur.) nom. prov. p.39 (14), 1987 onwards (38).

l Silene dioica (L.) Clairv.

Red Campion

Very common. Native. Hedge banks, lightly shaded

woodland and coastal sites including cliffs and stabilised

shingle, throughout the county except on the high

moorland.

Flora as Lychnis dioica L. p.146, Atlas p.38 (1683), 1987

onwards (1609).

l Silene cretica L.

Extinct. Introduced, casual; native in the eastern

Mediterranean.

1987 onwards (0)

VC3

SS90 Silverton, G.B.Savery (Greig 1957, RAMM).

l Silene pendula L.

Nodding Catchfly

Extinct. Introduced, casual; native in Italy.

Flora p.145, Atlas p.39, 1987 onwards (0).

VC3

SX98 Exmouth Docks, 1917, M.Cobbe (Druce 1918b).

Caryophyllaceae

List. Introduced, an archaeophyte. Occurs on disturbed

soils but principally as an arable weed. It is described as

locally common in the Flora and is listed for 57 parishes. It

has become much less common following agricultural

intensification and was already rare during the Atlas

survey period. Recent localised records are listed.

Flora including S. anglica L. p.143, Atlas p.39 (13), 1987

onwards (8).

VC3

SX55 As var. quinquevulnera, Plymouth, SX5054, 1987,

R.A.Stevens et al. (Stevens 1990).

SX73 Abundant in field corner near Middle Soar,

SX709377, 2012, R.E.N.Smith. Abundant on field

boundary near Middle Soar, SX717372 to SX721373,

2008, P.J.Reay (DA 2009); 2010, P.J.Reay &

R.E.N.Smith.

SX83 Field corner amongst spring barley at Middlecombe

Farm, SX814396, 2006, A.Crozier & W.Rees (DA

2007).

SX86 Locally abundant on edge of unsprayed cereal field

near Mole Cross, SX878654, 2005, N.F.Stewart &

R.E.N.Smith (DA 2007).

SX94 A few plants in an annually ploughed set-aside

field at The Froward, SX902498, 2006, R.E.N.Smith

(DA 2007).

SX98 In arable reverting to grass at Exminster Marshes,

SX958870, 2002, K.Rylands.

VC4

SS31 One plant in an arable field at East Putford,

SS383193, 1989, W.H.Tucker (DA 1990).

l Silene coronaria (L.) Clairv.

Rose Campion

Rare. Introduced, a neophyte; native in southeast Europe.

A persistent garden escape reported from 15 hectads in

South Devon and four in North Devon since 1987.

1987 onwards (19).

408 A New Flora of Devon

l Silene dichotoma Ehrh.

Forked Catchfly

Extinct. Introduced, casual; native in south and eastern

Europe.


VC3

SX45 Compton, Plymouth, 1903, R.R.Hutchinson (SLBI).

SX64 Clover field near Bigbury, 1894, E.S.Marshall

(Marshall 1895).

SX99 Near Exeter, G.R.A.Watts (DA 1931).

l Silene gallica L.

Small-flowered Catchfly – Map 313

Very rare. Nationally Scarce. Vulnerable on the British Red

Map 312. Silene x hampeana (Pink Campion) Map 313. Silene gallica (Small-flowered Catchfly)

Small-flowered Catchfly Silene gallica

Caryophyllaceae

l Silene flos-cuculi (L.) Clairv.

Ragged-Robin – Map 314

Frequent. Native. Found throughout the county in

marshes, ditches, fen-meadows and up to 450 metres in

Dartmoor mires. The decline of this species mentioned in

the Atlas appears to have continued as yet more wet fields

have been drained. A form with entire petals was once

recorded at Tower Hill Station (SX39) by W.Wise.

Flora as Lychnis flos-cuculi L. p.146, Atlas as L. flos-cuculi L.

p.37 (812), 1987 onwards (487).

l Silene baccifera (L.) Roth

Berry Catchfly

Extinct. Introduced, casual; native in Europe. Once found

in thickets near the coast.

Flora as Cucubalus baccifer L. p.145, Atlas as C. baccifer L.

p.39, 1987 onwards (0).

VC3

SX95 In a thicket at Elbury Cove, SX9056, 1932, A.J.Davey

comm. J.E.Lousley (DA 1963).

VC4

SS64 In a thicket at Woody Bay, 1920, H.E.Fox (Druce

1922, TOR).

l Saponaria officinalis L.

Soapwort – Map 315

Occasional. Introduced, an archaeophyte. A garden escape

or throw-out found in moist places mostly near habitation.


l Saponaria ocymoides L.

Rock Soapwort

Very rare. Introduced, a neophyte; native in southern

Europe.

1987 onwards (0).

VC4

SS44 Lee Village, SS4846, 1984, H.J.M.Bowen (BSBI Atlas).

l Vaccaria hispanica (Mill.) Rauschert

Cowherb

Very rare. Introduced, a neophyte; native in south and

central Europe. Casual in Devon.

Flora as Saponaria vaccaria L. p.142, Atlas as V. pyramidata

Medic. p.39 (1), 1987 onwards (1).

VC3

SX45 Above the docks at Devonport, 1895, G.C.Druce

(Druce 1895).

SX46 Bere Ferrers, 1913, A.Croft (DA 1913).

SX85 Goodrington, 1940, T.Stephenson (DA 1941, TOR).

SX86 Paignton, C.M.Clifford (DA 1915).

SX87 Wolborough, Newton Abbot, 1926, G.H.Douglas

(TOR); Newton Abbot, E.D.Morgan (DA 1930).

SY09 From bird seed in garden at Ottery St. Mary,

SY0995, 1979, E.D.Tallant (DA 1971).

VC4

SS40 Cookbury, 1932, T.Buncombe (DA 1932).

SS53 By Tarka Trail at Fremington Quay, R.M.H.Hodgson

& M.Breeds, 2009 (DA 2010).


SS72 Waste ground at South Molton, 1894, H.Saunders

(Saunders 1898).

l Dianthus deltoides L.

Maiden Pink

Extinct. Nationally Scarce. Near Threatened on the British

Red List. Native, but introduced in Devon. The authors of

the Flora rejected all the earlier records as errors. Three of

the four records were for parishes in which D. armeria

grows. The Atlas record for Buckfastleigh is also almost

certainly an error for D. armeria which is now well known

from this area. However, there is a specimen at Kew

collected in the 19th century near Chagford. There is a

recent hectad record from SX64 in VC3 (BSBI Atlas) but

there is no supporting evidence. It is not listed by

L.M.Spalton on the raw data sheets he kept for the BSBI

Atlas project. It was reliably reported from Baggy Point

Map 314. Silene flos-cuculi (Ragged-Robin)

Map 315. Saponaria officinalis (Soapwort)

Caryophyllaceae, Amaranthaceae


between 1954 and 1982 but may have gone. D.J.Nicholls

gives the grid ref as SS419405 some distance from the site

where the plant was subsequently recorded.

Flora p.141, Atlas p.39 (1), 1987 onwards (0)

VC3

SX78 Cultivated land near Chagford, 1877, W.B.Waterfall

(K).

VC4

SS44 Baggy Point, SS4240, 1954, K.E.Bull (Wallace 1955);

1968, D.J.Nicholls; 1974, P.C.Robinson; 1979, M.Tulloh

conf. J.F.Hope-Simpson (DA 1979); SS427403, 1982

but not there in 1985, W.H.Tucker.

l Dianthus barbatus L.

Sweet-William

Very rare. Introduced, a neophyte; native in Europe. A

garden escape or throw-out.

1987 onwards (4).

VC3

SY08 Woodbury Common, garden outcast in car-park,

1994, J.A.Philpott (DA 1995).

ST00 Cullompton, 1958, A.D.Hallam (BSBI Atlas).

VC4

SS63 Abundant beside lay-by near Yarnacott, SS627310,

1998, E.Stenger. Swimbridge, tetrad SS6230, 2011,

M.Putnam & A.Holwill.

Also recorded from VC3: SX47, SX87 (BSBI Atlas).

l Dianthus armeria L. – see panel overleaf

l Dianthus gratianopolitanus Vill.

Cheddar Pink

Very rare. Garden origin. A garden form of this plant is

established at Torquay.

1987 onwards (1).

VC3

SX96 Ilsham Marine Drive at Torquay, SX936632, 1993 to

2013, R.E.N.Smith (RENS).

Oak-leaved Goosefoot Chenopodium glaucum

Amaranthaceae

l Dysphania ambrosioides (L.) Mosyakin & Clemants

Mexican Tea

Extinct. Introduced, casual; native in warm parts of America.

Flora as Chenopodium anthelminticum L. p.547, Atlas as

Chenopodium ambrosioides L. p.27, 1987 onwards (0).

VC3

SX87 On wool waste at Bradley Woollen Mills, SX853711,

1970, M.C.Hockaday det. J.E.Lousley.

SX99 Countess Wear, 1928, W.S.M.D’Urban (Flora).

l Dysphania botrys (L.) Mosyakin & Clemants

Sticky Goosefoot

Very rare. Introduced, casual; native in warm parts of

Eurasia. One record, probably from bird seed.

1987 onwards (1).

VC3

SX88 Deer Park Farm, Trusham, SX853812, 2001,

A.Compton det. R.E.N.Smith (DA 2002, RENS).

l Chenopodium capitatum (L.) Ambrosi

Strawberry-blite

Extinct. Introduced, a neophyte; widespread in warm parts

of the world. Casual in Devon.


VC3

SX87 Several plants, Wolborough rubbish tip, 1934, 1936

and 1937, G.T.Fraser (Flora, TOR).

l Chenopodium bonus-henricus L.

Good-King-Henry – Map 316

Rare. Vulnerable on the British Red List. Introduced, an

archaeophyte. Waste ground and roadsides near

habitations. Much less common than it used to be. Recent

localised records are listed.


VC3

SX55 Blaxton Meadow, Saltram, SX518560, 2004,

T.Purches (DA 2005).

SX97 Dawlish Warren, SX9878, 2009, K.Rylands & I.Lakin.

SX98 Lympstone, SX9983, 1991, L.M.Spalton. Exeter

Canal, SX962873, 1994, E.Stenger det. B.P.Thurlow.

SY28 Branscombe Beach, SY2088, 1991, L.M.Spalton (DA

1993).

VC4

SS43 Royal Marine base, Chivenor, SS4934, 2008,

E.Townsend.

SS91 Tiverton, SS981126, 2009, A.Charles.

l Chenopodium glaucum L.

Oak-leaved Goosefoot

Very rare. Nationally Scarce. Vulnerable on the British Red

List. Introduced, an archaeophyte. Nutrient-rich fields and

waste sites.


Amaranthaceae


VC3

SX55 50 or more plants at Chelson Meadow land fill site,

Plymouth, SX521549 and about 15 plants, SX519549,

2006, P.D.Pullen (DA 2007, RENS).

SX87 Heathfield, Bovey Tracey, A.Godden (DA 1928).

Wolborough rubbish tip, 1935 to 1937, G.T.Fraser

and T.Stephenson (Flora, TOR).

SX96 Hectad record, 1966 (BSBI Atlas, CGE). By sewage

outfall at Hope’s Nose, SX949636, 1987, 1988 and

1993, R.E.N.Smith & C.J.Smith (DA 1989, RENS).

SX97 Dawlish Warren, 1952, H.Gilbert-Carter (DA 1953).

SX99 Bishop’s Clyst, Mrs.Jennings (Flora). Countess Wear,

1928, R.Orme (DA 1928).

SY08 Locally frequent in field gateway near Stowford

House, SY057869, 2010 and 2013, R.E.N.Smith &

C.J.Smith (DA 2011, RENS).

SY29 Shute Road, SY253963, 2005, N.F.Stewart. Plentiful

in an arable field near Shute Common, SY256984,

1992, L.J.Margetts (DA 1993, LJM). Frequent by

farmyard manure heap at Ratshole Gate, SY228945,

2010, R.E.N.Smith (DA 2011, RENS).

ST00 By mill pool, Cullompton, 1911, W.P.Hiern

(RAMM); A.Sharland (DA 1913).

VC4

SS53 Casual in garden at Bishop’s Tawton, R.Taylor (DA

1930).

l Chenopodium rubrum L.

Red Goosefoot – Map 317

Occasional. Native. Heavily manured fields, dried mud by

ponds used by farm stock and other nutrient-rich sites.


l [Chenopodium chenopodioides (L.) Aellen

Saltmarsh Goosefoot

There are no acceptable Devon records (Flora).

Flora p.547 as C. botryodes Sm.]

l Chenopodium polyspermum L.

Many-seeded Goosefoot – Map 318 (p.414)

Frequent. Introduced, an archaeophyte. Usually found as

an arable weed but may occur on a variety of other

disturbed sites.


l Chenopodium vulvaria L.

Stinking Goosefoot

Extinct. Nationally Scarce. Endangered on the British Red

List. Introduced, an archaeophyte. Nutrient-rich coastal

sites where soils were enriched by bird-droppings and on

dry waste ground in and around gardens enriched with

animal dung. Last seen in 1978.


Map 316. Chenopodium bonus-henricus

(Good-King-Henry)

Map 317. Chenopodium rubrum

(Red Goosefoot)

Many-seeded Goosefoot Chenopodium polyspermum


l Dianthus armeria L.

Deptford Pink

Very rare. Nationally Scarce. Endangered on the

British Red List. Native, but introduced at two sites in

Buckfastleigh using seed of local provenance. Dry,

unimproved pastures, roadsides and waste ground.

It was the subject of a Plantlife Survey between 1998

and 2000 (Wilson 1999, 2000, 2001) and its current

distribution is now much better known than when the

Atlas was published. It has gone from many of the

stations listed in the Flora.


VC3

SX45 Staddon Heights, 1850, H.J.Tozer (OXF); several

dozen plants on a dry turfy bank at King’s

Tamerton, 1878, T.R.A.Briggs (Briggs 1880). St.

Budeaux, SX4559, about 70 plants over 100

metres eastwards from Junction 20 (St. Budeaux)

on A38, 2007, A.J.Byfield & L.Gubert (DA 2008).

SX46 In farm garden but not planted, Norton Farm,

Bere Ferrers, SX463655, 2002, R.M.H.Hodgson.

SX47 Tavistock, 1933, M.Boggis (Flora).

SX55 Radford, Plymouth, SX513523, 1994, R.A.Stevens

(DA 1995); seven plants plus seedlings, 2000,

P.J.Wilson (Wilson 2000). Known from this area

since 1850 and up to 150 plants recorded in the

past (Wilson 1999); single plants at Chelson

Meadow land fill site, SX520549, 2006, D.Fenwick,

and near there, SX521549, 2000, P.D.Pullen.

SX74 Kingsbridge, July 1832, WS (Wilson 1999, CAM).

SX75 Diptford, J.Horne (Flora).

SX76 New Road, Buckfastleigh, SX738663, introduced

1997, J.Walters; 170 plants plus seedlings 1999,

P.J.Wilson (Wilson 2000). Buckfastleigh Bakery,

SX741662, 520 plants plus seedlings, 1999,

P.J.Wilson (Wilson 2000). Unimproved fields at

Churchill Farm, Buckfastleigh, SX741663, 1988,

R.Petheram (DA 1989); 1994, N.Baldock; >100

plants, 1998, P.J.Wilson (Wilson 1999); 59 plants,

1999, P.J.Wilson (Wilson 2000); 42 plants, 2000,

P.J.Wilson (Wilson 2001). Quarry floor at Rock

Farm, Buckfastleigh, SX742662, 1981 (Wilson

1999); 1994, P.Chapman, L.J.Margetts &

L.M.Spalton (DA 1995); 1,000 flowering plants

and 3,000 rosettes, 1998, P.J.Wilson (Wilson 1999);

500 flowering plants and >1,000 seedlings, 1999,

P.J.Wilson (Wilson 2000); 700+ plants, 2000,

P.J.Wilson (Wilson 2001). Buckfastleigh

Allotments, two plants, SX742662, 1999,

P.J.Wilson (Wilson 2000). Buckfast road verge,

SX743667, 1992, P.Chapman (Wilson 1999). Private

gardens, Buckfast, accidentally introduced at

SX738672 and now eradicated, deliberately

introduced at SX734664 and flourishing, 1999,

P.J.Wilson (Wilson 1999). 15 plants and six plants

in two places at Bowden Hill, Ashburton,

SX752695, 1995, Y.Cornelius; 23 plants here in

1997 but none in 1998, P.J.Wilson (Wilson 1999);

Caryophyllaceae

three plants 1999, Y.Cornelius. 25 plants on steep

south facing slope by eastbound slip-road off

A38, Peartree Junction, Ashburton, SX753691,

2007, A.J.Byfield & L.Gubert (DA 2008).

SX77 Above Hannaford, Holne, 1902, W.R.Sherrin

(SLBI); furze field, northwest of Hannaford,

1902, W.H.Beeby (SLBI). Holne Bridge,

Ashburton, G.T.Fraser (Flora); Ashburton, 1928,

S.Jenner (BIRM).

SX78 On gravel about granite rocks at Lustleigh,

W.K.Martin (Flora, RAMM). Lustleigh, ca 1950,

J.Menhinick (TOR).

SX79 Drewsteignton, C.E.Larter (Flora).

SX85 Hilly field between Goodrington and the shore,

1909, A.H.Wolley-Dod & C.E.Salmon (Wolley-Dod

1910, BIRM, BM, MANCH). Near Broad Sands,

1906, D.D.Cunningham (Flora, TOR).

SX86 Exeter road beyond Gatcombe, Littlehempston,

I.W.N.Keys (Hannaford 1852, Keys 1866);

Littlehempston, ca 1950, J.Menhinick (TOR).

SX87 Heathfield, 1922, L.H.Pegler (BM); 1926,

G.H.Douglas (TOR). Chalky ground near Bovey

Tracey, 1878, E.A.Lomax (MANCH). Ashburton

Road, near Newton Abbot (Jones & Kingston

1829). Newton Abbot (Jones & Kingston 1829);

1872, J.W.Rimington (MANCH). Highweek,

SX833726, 1963, M.C.Hockaday (DA 1964); 1972,

M.C.Hockaday (Atlas). Teigngrace, W.M.Rogers

(Rogers 1882a); road near Forches Cross,

SX850734, 10 plants 1996, 8 plants 2008, 12 plants

2011, 13 plants 2012, R.E.N.Smith & C.J.Smith

(DA 1997). Kingsteignton (Jones & Kingston

1829); 1866 (Flora, BM); five plants in an

unimproved field at Ware Barton, Kingsteignton,

SX884732, 1991, J.Whetman (DA 1992); 50-100

plants, 1993 (Wilson 1999); 25 plants, 1998,

P.J.Wilson (Wilson 1999). Kingsteignton

SX889733, 1993, L.Lock. Grass bank beneath

hedge at Ideford, SX8977, 1962, V.I.Phillips (DA

1963).

SX88 Haldon, 1843 (Jordan 1844, Wilson 1999).

Dunsford, C.L.Peck (Flora). Canonteign (Jones &

Kingston 1829). Trusham (Jones & Kingston

1829); rather frequent in stony bushy ground in

Teign Lane and elsewhere in the Trusham Parish,

1877 (Rogers 1878, BM, K). Hennock, before

1861, E.A.Griffiths (Flora, TOR).

SX96 Ilsham, Torquay, before 1861, A.E.Griffiths (Flora,

TOR). Upton Lane, Torquay (Stewart 1860).

Rocks at Blackhead, I.W.N.Keys (Keys 1866).

SX97 Near Teignmouth (Jones & Kingston 1829); on

the old Exeter road, Teignmouth, 1876,

R.C.R.Jordan (BIRM); near Teignmouth, 1850,

H.J.Tozer (OXF). Bishopsteignton, 1878 (Flora);

between Bishopsteignton and Kingsteignton,

H.G.Peacock (DA 1912).

SX98 Haldon, R.C.R.Jordan, 1843 (Jordan 1844).

Newport, Topsham, W.S.M.D’Urban (Greig 1957,

RAMM). Near Starcross, 1898, C.E.Parker (BM).


Caryophyllaceae

SY08 Budleigh Salterton, R.Orme (DA 1930); garden

weed, 1934, H.S.Redgrove (Druce 1935, RNG,

BM); disused railway line, SY065824, 1979,

B.P.Thurlow (DA 1980); 1990, L.J.Margetts; by 1998

the site was overgrown and no plants were

found, P.J.Wilson (Wilson 1999). Other sites near

here at SY064823 and SY065823 have been

destroyed by building (Wilson 1999).

SY18 Stony fields on the west slope of Peak Hill, 1905

but gradually disappearing (DA 1924). Mutters

Moor, 1905 (Flora).

SY29 Shute, S.Edwards (DA 1924). Several plants at

Holyford Farm, Colyton, W.K.Martin (DA 1947).

VC4

SX39 Clawton, 1928, H.J.Riddelsdell (BM).

SS14 Lundy, C.E.Larter (Flora); 1950 (Biological

Records Centre).

SS42 Westward Ho! (Flora). Abundant in a hedge for

half a mile between Bideford and Abbotsham,

1853, G.Maw (Maw 1853); Abbotsham, 1882,

H.A.Evans (BM).

SS43 Sandtown Rocks, Braunton, pre-1797, Dr. Wavell

(Jones & Kingston 1829). Instow, A.Morton (BM).

SS44 Mortehoe, T.Wainwright (DA 1913); Woolacombe,

F.A.Brokenshire & H.W.Pugsley (DA 1936).

SS52 Bishop’s Tawton, W.P.Hiern (Flora).

Amaranthaceae

VC3

SX74 Kingsbridge, SX736440, 1957, S.M.Walters (BSBI

Atlas, CGE).

SX98 Nine plants in arable field at Pottles Farm,

Exminster, SX924873, 1996, L.M.Spalton (DA 1997).

l Chenopodium urbicum L.

Upright Goosefoot

Extinct. Nationally Rare. Critically Endangered on the

British Red List. Introduced, an archaeophyte. Disturbed,

nutrient-rich soils. Recorded from 16 parishes before 1939,

mostly in South and East Devon, but not since that time.

G.T.Fraser’s specimen in TOR from near Prawle Point

(Chivelstone) is indeterminate, L.J.Margetts. Briggs (1880)

rejects records from Plymouth.


VC3

[SX73 Near Prawle Point, G.T.Fraser (Flora, TOR).]

SX77 Bovey Heathfield, A.Godden (DA 1928).

SX84 Beesands, G.T.Fraser (Flora).

SX86 Paignton, R.Stewart (Ravenshaw 1860).

SX95 Brixham, F.M.Day (DA 1933). Churston Ferrers,

1934, F.M.Day (Flora).

SX99 Sowton, 1925, R.Waterfield (Flora). Rewe, 1925,

R.Waterfield (Flora).

SY08 Littleham and Exmouth, B.Hall (DA 1934).

SY18 Sidmouth, W.H.Cullen (Cullen 1849).

SS90 Upexe, R.Waterfield (DA 1925).

ST10 Honiton district, G.T.Harris (Flora).

VC4

SX39 Clawton, H.H.Harvey (DA 1915).

SS43 Braunton, F.M.Day (Flora).

SS53 Pilton, 1886, W.P.Hiern (Flora, RAMM).

SS91 Tiverton, F.Mackenzie (Ravenshaw 1860).

Also recorded from VC3: SX76, SX85 and VC4: SS60 (BSBI

Atlas).


VC3

SX45 Stoke Damerel, 1851, 1871, 1873 and 1877,

T.R.A.Briggs (Briggs 1880); 1852, J.Banker (BIRM);

E.M.Holmes, 1871 (SLBI). Tothill Road, Plymouth,

1875, T.R.A.Briggs (Briggs 1880). Love Lane,

Plymouth, 1846, F.H.Goulding (BSBI Atlas, K); 1847,

F.H.Goulding (LIV).

SX65 Ivybridge, 1879, T.R.A.Briggs (Briggs 1880).

SX73 Prawle Point, S.C.Patterson (DA 1943).

SX78 Chagford, 1929, R.Waterfield (DA 1929). [Lustleigh,

1940, T.Stephenson (TOR) redet. as C. polyspermum,

L.J.Margetts.]

SX84 Beesands, A.Godden (DA 1928); on shingle at

Beesands, H.W.Pugsley (Pugsley 1935b); 1937 and

1938, G.T.Fraser det. A.J.Wilmott (DA 1928, TOR).

SX86 Paignton Sands, 1880, W.M.Rogers (Rogers 1880).

SX87 Chudleigh (Jones & Kingston 1829).

SX97 Teignmouth (Stewart 1860).

SX99 Alphington (Flora, RAMM).

SY08 Exmouth (Ravenshaw 1860); 1917, A.B.Cobbe (Druce

1918b, RAMM); 1925, R.Orme (DA 1928); 1956,

V.M.Wilkinson (LIV). Exmouth towards Maer Farm,

1890 and 1905, W.P.Hiern (RAMM).

SY18 Branscombe, W.H.Cullen (Cullen 1849).

SS90 Tetrad SS9802, 1978, M.A.Stile (Atlas).

VC4

SS42 High Street, Bideford, 1853, G.Maw (Maw 1853).

SS54 Hagginton Hill, Watermouth, SS5446, 1974, D.Watt-

Smyrk (Atlas).

Also recorded from VC4: SX48 (BSBI Atlas).

l Chenopodium hybridum L.

Maple-leaved Goosefoot

Very rare. Introduced, an archaeophyte. A plant of

nutrient-rich arable land.


Map 318. Chenopodium polyspermum

(Many-seeded Goosefoot)

Nettle-leaved Goosefoot Chenopodium murale

Amaranthaceae

l Chenopodium murale L.

Nettle-leaved Goosefoot – Map 319

Rare. Vulnerable on the British Red List. Introduced, an

archaeophyte. Nutrient-rich arable land and other

disturbed sites, often near the sea. Under-recorded at the

tetrad level. Recent localised records are listed.


VC3

SX45 Derriford Hospital, Plymouth, SX4959, 1990,

R.W.Gould (DA 1991).

SX55 Boringdon Park, Plymouth, SX530580, 2006,

P.D.Pullen & D.Fenwick (DA 2007).

SX63 Southeast of Soar Mill Cove, SX670369, 2006,

P.J.Reay (DA 2007).

SX64 Roadside below church, Thurlestone, SX673428,

1995, R.E.N.Smith (RENS).

SX65 Walled garden at Flete, SX626512, 2007 and 2010,

A.J.Byfield.

SX73 Bolt Head, SX718365, 2005, 2006 and 2009, P.J.Reay.

Arable weed at Prawle Point, SX774353, 1993,

R.E.N.Smith (DA 1995, RENS).

SX84 Edge of beach at Beesands, SX821410, 2001,


SX97 Flow Point, Bishopsteignton, SX910728, 1993, 1998,

and 2011, R.E.N.Smith (DA 1995, RENS).

SX98 On waste ground by beach, Exmouth, SX9980, 2001,

L.J.Margetts (DA 2002).

ST20 Stopgate, Yarcombe, ST2309, 1987, L.J.Margetts

(LJM).

VC4

SS43 Middleborough, SS433397, 1988, W.H.Tucker. On

waste ground at Yelland, SS481326, 2013, R.I.Kirby

(DA 2014).

SS61 Garden weed, Chulmleigh, SS6814, 2001, E.Stenger

det. W.H.Tucker (DA 2002).


l Chenopodium ficifolium Sm.

Fig-leaved Goosefoot – Map 320

Occasional. Introduced, an archaeophyte. Nutrient-rich

arable fields. Almost unknown before 1985 it has now been

found thoughout much of the county.


l Chenopodium hircinum Schrad.

Foetid Goosefoot

Extinct. Introduced, casual; native in South America.


VC3

SX78 On dung heap, Chagford, 1941, J.P.M.Brenan (Greig

1957).

SX99 Exeter, G.R.A.Watts (DA 1931).

Map 319. Chenopodium murale

(Nettle-leaved Goosefoot)

Map 320. Chenopodium ficifolium

(Fig-leaved Goosefoot)

Fig-leaved Goosefoot Chenopodium ficifolium

Amaranthaceae

VC3

SX98 Exmouth (Flora).

SX99 Exeter, 1908, G.C.Druce (Druce 1910).

SY28 Axmouth, E.S.Todd (Flora).

l Chenopodium album L.

Fat-hen

Common. Native. Arable fields, gardens and other

disturbed sites. Throughout except on the higher ground

of Dartmoor and Exmoor.


l Chenopodium suecicum Murr

Swedish Goosefoot

Very rare. Introduced, a neophyte; native in northern

Europe. The true distribution of this plant in Britain is not

known owing to confusion with C. album. Since 1990 it has

been found naturalised in widely separated parts of

England (Stace 2010).

1987 onwards (1).

VC4

SS53 Roundswell Services roundabout, near Barnstaple,

SS542312, 2014, R.I.Kirby conf. J.R.Akeroyd (DA 2015).

l Bassia scoparia (L.) Voss

Summer-cypress

Very rare. Introduced, a neophyte; native in temperate

Asia. Found once on waste land, and now establishing on

the central reservation of the M5 motorway north of

Exeter. It is already well established on the motorway in

Somerset and is likely to colonise other parts of Devon.

1987 onwards (2).

VC3

SX55 Boringdon Park, Plymouth, SX530580, 2006,

D.Fenwick & P.D.Pullen (DA 2007).

SX99 Central reservation of M5 north of Exeter, SX9693

and SX9798, 2006, E.J.McDonnell (DA 2007).

l Atriplex hortensis L.

Garden Orache

Extinct. Introduced, a neophyte; thought to be native in

central Asia. Sometimes grown in gardens. Casual on

waste ground and roadsides.


VC3

SX78 10-12 plants on roadside at Leigh Bridge, Chagford,

1937, G.T.Fraser & N.A.Haywood det. A.J.Wilmott

(Flora, TOR).

VC4

SS54 Casual in garden, Ilfracombe, 1907 (Flora, RAMM).

l Atriplex prostrata Boucher ex DC.

Spear-leaved Orache – Map 321

Frequent. Native. Widespread on saltmarshes, roadsides,

waste and cultivated land. Generally distributed around

the county but commonest near the coast and absent from

upland areas of Dartmoor and Exmoor.

Flora as A. hastata L. p.550, Atlas p.28 (257), 1987 onwards

(450).


l Chenopodium berlandieri Moq.

Pitseed Goosefoot

Extinct. Introduced, casual; native in North America.


VC4

SS74 Lynton, 1928, A.B.Cobbe (Flora).

l Chenopodium leptophyllum (Moq.) S.Wats.

Narrow-leaved Goosefoot

Extinct. Introduced, casual; native in North America.


VC3

SX87 Wolborough rubbish tip, 1937, E.S.Todd & G.T.Fraser

(Flora, TOR).

l Chenopodium quinoa Willd.

Quinoa

Very rare. Introduced, a neophyte; native in South

America. Sown as a game crop and found as a weed

amongst agricultural crops. It is under-recorded at present.

1987 onwards (6).

VC3

SX55 With sown wild flowers, Brixton, SX564526, 2014,

P.D.Pullen.

SX73 Near Sharpitor, SX7237, 2003, R.E.N.Smith.

SX79 North of Puddicombe House, SX727924, 2006,

N.F.Stewart.

SX98 Amongst crops, Darts Farm, SX976884, 2011,

R.E.N.Smith & C.J.Smith.

VC4

SS51 Beaford, SS552138, 2005, E.Townsend.

SS92 Cabbage field east of Kersdown Barton, SS964224,

2006, N.F.Stewart.

l Chenopodium opulifolium Schrad ex W.D.J.Koch & Ziz

Grey Goosefoot

Extinct. Introduced, a neophyte; native in southern

Europe. Casual on waste ground.


Spear-leaved Orache Atriplex prostrata

Amaranthaceae

l Atriplex prostrata × A. glabriuscula

Extinct. Native. There is one confirmed record. A.J.Wilmott

saw two other specimens, now at TOR, collected by

G.T.Fraser at Dawlish Warren but would only label them

as “probable”.

1987 onwards (0).

VC3

SX96 Torquay, 1848, C.E.Parker det. A.J.Wilmott (TOR).

l Atriplex × gustafssoniana Tascher.

A. longipes Drejer × A. prostrata

Very rare. Native. Upper edge of saltmarshes.

1987 onwards (2).

VC4

SS42 High water marsh at Little America, Bideford,

SS453252, 1998, W.H.Tucker det. J.R.Akeroyd (DA

1999). Upper level of estuary shore at Westleigh,

SS459277, 1998, W.H.Tucker det. J.R.Akeroyd (DA

1999).

l Atriplex glabriuscula Edmondston

Babington’s Orache – Map 322

Rare. Native. A strand line plant of sandy and shingle

beaches. Perhaps over-recorded due to confusion with

other coastal Atriplex species. Inland records in SS62 and

SS72 are thought to have been associated with imported

sea sand (DA 1961). Other inland records are likely to be

errors. Recent localised records are listed.


VC3

SX45 Plymouth Hoe, SX4753, 2009, P.D.Pullen.

SX54 Wembury, SX5148, 2009, P.D.Pullen & R.E.N.Smith.

SX55 Pomphlett Creek, SX5053, 2009, P.D.Pullen.

SX63 Soar Mill Cove, SX697375, 2006, P.J.Reay; 2013,

R.EN.Smith & S.J.Leach.

SX64 Beaches at Mothecombe and Wonwell, SX6149,

2009, R.E.N.Smith. Westcombe Beach, SX6345, 2009,


R.E.N.Smith. By River Erme, SX6248, 2009,

R.E.N.Smith. Ayrmer Cove, SX641455, 2009 and

2013, R.E.N.Smith. Thurlestone Sands, SX676417,

2009, R.E.N.Smith.

SX74 Southpool Creek, SX771401, 2014, R.E.N.Smith.

SX83 Great Mattiscombe Sand, SX8136, 2004, I.J.Bennallick

& P.R.Green.

SX97 Dawlish Warren, SX9878, 2009, K.Rylands & I.Lakin.

SX98 Powderham, SX971848, 2014, R.E.N.Smith. Warren

Point, SX9880, 2009, K.Rylands & I.Lakin.

SY28 Culverhole Point, SY2789, 2009, R.E.N.Smith.

VC4

SS43 Instow, SS4731, 2008, DAB. Yelland, SS4732, 1987,

M.Tulloh.

l Atriplex × taschereaui Stace

A. glabriuscula × A. longipes Drejer

Very rare. Native. Found once.

1987 onwards (1).

VC4

SS42 Above high water mark at Westleigh, SS460274,

1997, W.H.Tucker det. J.R.Akeroyd (DA 1999).

Babington’s Orache Atriplex glabriuscula

Map 321. Atriplex prostrata (Spear-leaved Orache) Map 322. Atriplex glabriuscula (Babington’s Orache)

Amaranthaceae

VC4

SS43 Instow, SS474317, 1987, M.Tulloh. Yelland, SS4732,

1987, M.Tulloh. Braunton Burrows, SS462321, 1987,

W.H.Tucker; SS4434 and SS4435, 2011, DAB. Croyde

Bay, SS4339, 2011, M.Putnam & A.Holwill. Chivenor

Royal Marine base, SS4934, 2008, NDBG.

SS44 Vention, SS451414, 1996, W.H.Tucker; 2006,

R.M.H.Hodgson, M.Breeds & J.Breeds.

l Atriplex halimus L.

Shrubby Orache

Very rare. Introduced, a neophyte; native in southern

Europe. Naturalised in several places by the sea.


VC3

SX55 By the River Plym at Saltram, SX5155, 2006,


SX84 Strete, C.E.Larter (Flora).

SX96 Torquay, 1899, R.O.Cunningham (TOR); 1912,

C.F.Vincent (TOR); Meadfoot Cliffs, Torquay,

SX9363, 1941, G.T.Fraser det. A.J.Wilmott (TOR);

1970, A.J.C.Beddow (Atlas); 2010, R.E.N.Smith &

C.J.Smith (DA 2011).

SX97 Garden relic at Dawlish Warren, G.T.Fraser (Flora);

1958, T.J.Wallace; 1985, J.A.Philpott (DA 1986);

SX9878, 1995, L.J.Margetts & L.M.Spalton; 2007,

I.Lakin.

SX98 River bank at Topsham, SX975879, 2006, C.Guthrie

det. R.E.N.Smith. Near Lympstone, SX995830, 2008,

A.Newton.

SY08 Cultivated and on maritime cliffs at Littleham and

Exmouth, E.Parfitt (Flora).

ST10 Honiton district, W.P.Hiern (Flora).

l Atriplex portulacoides L.

Sea-purslane – Map 324

Occasional. Native. Saltmashes and, more unusually, on

low rocks by the sea and on sea cliffs. These are listed.


l Atriplex littoralis L.

Grass-leaved Orache

Very rare. Native. A strandline species native in coastal

areas but spreading inland on salt treated roads. Almost

unknown in the southwest of England and there is only

one reliable record for Devon. None of the older records

have been confirmed by a referee and, in the absence of a

specimen, are not listed here.

Flora p.548, 1987 onwards (1).

VC3

SY08 Budleigh Salterton, about 40 plants on strand line

along landward side of shingle ridge, SY075819,

2005, J.J.Ison (DA 2006).

l Atriplex patula L.

Common Orache

Common. Native. A generally distributed weed of

roadsides, waste ground and arable fields but absent from

most of Dartmoor and Exmoor.


l Atriplex laciniata L.

Frosted Orache – Map 323

Rare. Native. A strand line plant lost from some locations

as a result of recreational pressure. Recent localised records

are listed.


VC3

SX54 Wembury, SX5148, 2010, J.J.Ison. Wadham Beach,

SX579468, 1992, L.Lock.

SX63 Soar Mill Cove, SX697375, 2010 and 2013,

R.E.N.Smith.

SX64 Wonwell Beach, SX617473, 1992, L.Lock.

Mothecombe, SX610473, 1995, R.E.N.Smith; 2007,

A.J.Byfield. Ayrmer Cove, SX640445, 1992, L.Lock;

2013, R.E.N.Smith.

SX74 By creek, West Charleton Marsh, SX750415, 2014,

R.E.N.Smith.

SX83 Hallsands, SX8138, 1992, L.Lock.

SX97 Dawlish Warren, SX9879, 1998, R.E.N.Smith;

SX990796, 2010, J.J.Ison.

SX98 Dawlish Warren, SX9880, 2009, K.Rylands & I.Lakin;

SX992803, 2011, P.D.Pullen.

SY07 Exmouth, SY011799, 1997, L.M.Spalton.

Frosted Orache Atriplex laciniata

Map 323. Atriplex laciniata (Frosted Orache)

Flora as Salicornia perennis Mill. and Salicornia lignosa

Woods p.554, Atlas p.29, 1987 onwards (7).

VC3

SX64 Avon Estuary, Bigbury, 1962, D.H.Dalby (DA 1989).

SX74 Kingsbridge Estuary, SX7341, 2011, P.J.Reay.

SX87 Kingsteignton (presumably the Teign Estuary near

The Passage House), G.T.Fraser (Flora).

SX97 Teign Estuary at Flow Point, Bishopsteignton,

SX911728, 1998 and 2013, R.E.N.Smith. Dawlish

Warren, W.M.Rogers (Rogers 1878); 1902, C.F.Vincent

det. A.J.Wilmott (TOR); W.P.Hiern (DA 1916); about

1936, G.T.Fraser det. A.J.Wilmott (Flora, TOR);

SX9879, 1970, A.J.C.Beddow (BSBI Atlas); 1980,

N.M.Wace (BSBI Atlas); SX983794, 1992, C.J.Riley

(BSBI Atlas); frequent in the saltmarsh on the north

side, SX9879, 1998, R.E.N.Smith; 2011, J.J.Ison.

SX98 Exmouth, E.S.Todd; G.T.Fraser (Flora). Exe Estuary,

SX971849, 2011, J.J.Ison.

SY08 Otter Estuary, SY076824, 1990, L.M.Spalton (BSBI

Atlas).

SY29 Axmouth, 1911, H.W.Pugsley (Flora, BM); a few

plants on the east shore of Axe Estuary just south of

Axmouth, SY2590, 2006, J.M.Lock (DA 2007).

VC4

SX43 The record from Braunton, E.S.Todd (Flora) has

never been confirmed.

Salicornia – Glassworts

Described as difficult and complex in both the Flora and

the Atlas, the accepted taxonomic status of the species

described by A.J.Wilmott in the Flora had been revised by

the time the Atlas was published in 1984. This has now

been revised down to possibly three species, S. pusilla, S.

europaea agg. and S. procumbens agg. with two segregates

within each of the two aggregates (Stace 2010). Wilmott

examined all the material in both W.P.Hiern’s herbarium

together with that in TOR but qualified his determinations

on two counts: the accepted taxonomy at the time, and the

ability to determine dried herbarium material accurately.

Since it is almost impossible to determine dried material

Amaranthaceae

Flora p.553, Atlas as Halimione portulacoides (L.) Aellen p.28

(47), 1987 onwards (55).

VC3

SX54 On rocks just above the sea at Gara Point,

SX523469, 1995 and 2010, R.E.N.Smith & C.J.Smith.

SX64 On rocks at Owen’s Point, Ermemouth, SX614474,

2009, R.E.N.Smith. On rocks at Muxham Point,

Ermemouth, SX614469, 2009, R.E.N.Smith.

SX73 On sea cliffs above Maceley Cove, SX766356, 1982,

D.E.Bolton; 2008, S.J.Leach & R.E.N.Smith.

l Beta vulgaris

subsp. maritima (L.) Arcang.

Sea Beet

Frequent. Native. Very common on both coasts on cliffs,

beaches and estuaries.


subsp. cicla (L.) Arcang.

Foliage Beet

Very rare. Introduced, a neophyte; derived by selection in

cultivation. Commonly grown in gardens but only

recorded once in the wild in SY18, 1987 (BSBI Atlas).

1987 onwards (1).

subsp. vulgaris

Root Beet

Rare. Introduced, a neophyte; derived by selection in

cultivation. Grown agriculturally as a variety of root

vegetables including Beetroot, Sugar-beet and Mangel-

wurzel. Recorded in nine hectads in VC3 and two in VC4

between 1987 and 1999. Probably ignored by most

observers.

1987 onwards (11).

l Sarcocornia perennis (Mill.) A.J.Scott

Perennial Glasswort

Very rare. Nationally Scarce. Native. Estuaries, in open

conditions on firm muddy sand or gravel.


Sea-purslane Atriplex portulacoides

Map 324. Atriplex portulacoides (Sea-purslane)

Amaranthaceae

specimens in Herb. Marshall and, when he visited the

locality, he thought there were a few intermediates (Flora).

The only recent record was from the Otter Estuary, until

plants with both single flowers and groups of three

flowers were found at Yelland Jetty in North Devon in

2013.

Flora as S. disarticulata × S. smithiana p.559, Atlas as S. ×

marshallii Druce nom. nud. p.29, 1987 onwards (2).

VC3

SX97 Dawlish Warren, 1916, E.S.Marshall. Listed as S.

smithiana × S. disarticulata var. humifusa (Flora, Stace

1975).

SY08 On the east side of the Otter Estuary, SY076823,

1997, L.M.Spalton conf. I.G.Ferguson (DA 1998).

VC4

SS43 Yelland Jetty with both parents, SS480325, 2013,

R.I.Kirby (DA 2014).

l Salicornia europaea L. agg.

Glasswort – Map 325

Includes S. ramosissima and S. europaea. See segregates

below.

l Salicornia ramosissima Woods

Purple Glasswort

Rare. Native. Apparently much less common than S.

europaea s.s. Perhaps under-recorded. Found on a wide

range of saltmarsh habitats except at the lowest levels. Not

distinct from S. europaea (Stace 2010).

Flora p.556, S. ramosissima now includes plants listed as S.

gracillima (Towns.) Moss., S. smithiana Moss. and S.

prostrata Pall. sec. Moss, Atlas p.29, 1987 onwards (10).

VC3

SX46 Weir Quay, SX437644, 1998, R.M.H.Hodgson.

SX64 Below Aveton Gifford, 1962, D.H.Dalby (DA 1989).

SX74 Blanksmill Bridge, 1935, H.W.Pugsley (Pugsley

1935b); Collapit Bridge, 1935, H.W.Pugsley (Pugsley

1935b).

SX86 Goodrington, H.Trimen (Flora, BM).

SX87 South shore of the Teign Estuary, SX8872, 1998,

R.E.N.Smith.

SX97 Dawlish Warren, C.F.Vincent, E.S.Marshall (Marshall

1916b); SX9879, 1988, L.J.Margetts & J.A.Philpott (DA

1999). Flow Point, Bishopsteignton, SX911728, 2008,

R.E.N.Smith.

SX98 Cofton, 1916, E.S.Marshall (Marshall 1916b); SX9780,

1939, G.T.Fraser det. A.J.Wilmott (Flora, TOR).

Exmouth, 1890, C.B.Clarke (Flora, BM); Courtlands,

Exmouth, SX9882, 1985, J.A.Philpott conf.


SY08 Otter Estuary, SY074823, 1984, L.J.Margetts.

VC4

SS42 Northam, W.P.Hiern (DA 1916). Bideford, W.P.Hiern

(Flora).

SS43 Braunton, E.S.Marshall (Marshall 1916b), west bank

of Braunton Pill, F.R.Elliston Wright (Flora, BM).

Yelland Jetty, SS480325, 2013, R.I.Kirby (DA 2014).


we can only accept records at their face value especially

where specimens are kept in major herbaria. Nevertheless,

all the specimens in TOR have been re-examined by

L.J.Margetts.

l Salicornia pusilla Woods

One-flowered Glasswort

Very rare. Nationally Scarce. Native. Upper edge of

saltmarshes on firm sand and gravel.

Flora as S. disarticulata Moss. p.558, Atlas p.29, 1987

onwards (3).

VC3

SX64 By River Avon below Aveton Gifford, 1962,

D.H.Dalby (DA 1989).

SX97 Dawlish Warren, 1902, C.F.Vincent det. A.J.Wilmott

(TOR); 1915, E.S.Marshall (Marshall 1916b, CGE,

HLU); 1933, Mrs. Adamson det. L.J.Margetts (TOR);

1936, A.J.Wilmott (BSBI Atlas, BM); 1936, G.T.Fraser

det. A.J.Wilmott (TOR); 1949, Cahen (TOR); SX9879,

1983, A.J.C.Beddow (BSBI Atlas); saltmarsh on north

side, 1997, L.J.Margetts & L.M.Spalton conf.

I.G.Ferguson (DA 1998).

SY08 East side of the Otter Estuary, SY076823, 1997,

L.M.Spalton conf. I.G.Ferguson (DA 1998).

VC4

SS42 Northam (Flora); plentiful at Northam Burrows,

1940, F.R.Elliston Wright (DA 1941).

SS43 Taw Estuary between Pilton and White House,

F.R.Elliston Wright. Fremington (Flora). Braunton,

Horsey Island and Chivenor Ridge, 1934,

A.J.Wilmott (BSBI Atlas, BM). 12 or more plants by

Yelland Jetty, SS480325, 2013, R.I.Kirby (DA 2014).

SS53 Taw Estuary, off ‘The Strand’, 1915, W.P.Hiern det.

P.D.Sell (BSBI Atlas, CGE).

l Salicornia pusilla × S. ramosissima

Hybrid Glasswort

Very rare. Native. D.H.Dalby (in Stace 1975) refers to this

hybrid from the upper level of a saltmarsh in South Devon

(Dawlish Warren) where both parents occur in close

proximity but examination of several specimens in Hiern’s

herbarium and the specimen in BM by Wilmott and others

failed to reveal a single cyme without three flowers (Flora).

However, Wilmott goes on to say he did not examine

Perennial Glasswort Sarcocornia perennis, p.419

Amaranthaceae

SS53 Ashford, E.S.Marshall (Marshall 1916b).

Fremington, F.M.Day (Flora). Chivenor Ridge,

Heanton Punchardon, F.R.Elliston Wright (Flora, BM).


l Salicornia europaea L.

Common Glasswort – Map 326

Rare. Native. Many of the records mapped as S. europaea

agg. must belong here. Found at all levels in saltmashes

and the transition zones to dune and grassland.

Flora as S. stricta Dum. sec. Moss. (almost certainly this,

C.A.Stace 2010, pers. comm.) p.555, Atlas p.28, 1987

onwards (18 in the strict sense, 30 as the aggregate).

l Salicornia procumbens Sm. agg.

Includes S. fragilis and S. dolichostachya

l Salicornia fragilis P.W.Ball & Tutin – see panel overleaf

l Salicornia dolichostachya Moss

Long-spiked Glasswort

Very rare. Native. Usually found on mud or muddy sand

on the lowest parts of saltmarshes.


VC3

SX46 Bere Ferrers, T.G.Tutin (Flora).

SX64 By the River Erme near Holbeton, SX623494, 1995,

R.E.N.Smith.

SX87 By the Teign Estuary below Buckleigh Barton, 1939,

G.T.Fraser det. A.J.Wilmott (Greig 1957, TOR). By

the River Teign near Passage House Inn, SX882724,

1995, and below Wear Farm, SX890726, 2013,

R.E.N.Smith.

SX97 Frequent on sandy mud at Dawlish Warren, 1916,

E.S.Marshall (Marshall 1916b, LTR, CGE); 1936,

G.T.Fraser det. A.J.Wilmott (TOR), SX9879, 1998,

R.E.N.Smith. Flow Point, Bishopsteignton SX911728,

2013, R.E.N.Smith.


SY08 Budleigh Salterton, W.P.Hiern (Flora, RAMM). Otter

Estuary, SY074823, 1984, L.J.Margetts (DA 1995).

VC4

SS42 By the River Torridge at Westleigh, W.P.Hiern

(Flora, RAMM).

SS43 In a sandy saltmarsh near Braunton Burrows, 1911,

T.Lea & C.F.Benthall (Marshall 1916b); 1916,

E.S.Marshall (Marshall 1916b). Yelland Jetty,

SS480325, 2013, R.I.Kirby (DA 2014). The Skern,

Northam Burrows, SS449309, R.I.Kirby (DA 2014).

SS53 By the River Taw at The Strand, Ashford, SS5234,

1916, W.P.Hiern (Marshall 1916b). Pilton, W.P.Hiern

(Flora, RAMM). Heanton Purchardon W.P.Hiern

(Flora, RAMM); off Marsh Farm Lime Kiln,

F.R.Elliston Wright (Flora, BM). Barnstaple and

Fremington, W.P.Hiern (Flora, RAMM); tetrad

SS5032, 2005, J.Tokeley.

Also recorded from VC3: SX98, SY29 (BSBI Atlas).

l Suaeda maritima (L.) Dumort.

Annual Sea-blite – Map 327

Occasional. Nationally Scarce. Native. Locally common on

One-flowered Glasswort Salicornia pusilla

Map 325. Salicornia europaea agg. (Glasswort) Map 326. Salicornia europaea (Common Glasswort)

VC4

SS43 Northam Burrows, SS4330, 1987, W.H.Tucker; 2009,

R.M.H.Hodgson; SS4431, 1987, W.H.Tucker; 2004,

W.H.Tucker & R.M.H.Hodgson. Instow, SS4630, 1987,

M.Tulloh; SS4731, 2008, NDBG. Braunton Burrows,

SS4632, 1987, DAB; SS4435, 2004, J.J.Ison. Velator,

SS485350, 2008, NDBG. Croyde Bay, SS4339, 1987

and 2003, W.H.Tucker.

SS44 Putsborough, SS4440, 2006, R.M.H.Hodgson,

M.Breeds & J.Breeds.

l Amaranthus retroflexus L.

Common Amaranth

Rare. Introduced, a neophyte; native in North America. An

annual of pavements, nutrient-rich waste ground and

cultivation. Probably commoner now than in the past.


VC3

SX45 Roadside near Pennycomequick roundabout,

SX4755, 2006, P.D.Pullen.

SX55 Waste ground at Boringdon Park, SX529577, 2006,

P.D.Pullen & D.Fenwick.

SX78 Arable weed near Blackingstone Rock, SX790859

and SX792862, 2008, N.F.Stewart.

SX82 Bridford, R.Waterfield (DA 1931).

SX84 Waste ground and arable fields at Stokely Barton,


the middle and lower areas of saltmarshes and along

strand lines.


l Salsola kali L.

Prickly Saltwort – Map 328

Rare. Native. A drift line plant of sandy and shingle

beaches and in dunes. Never common but still present at

or near most of the stations listed in the Flora. Recent

localised records are listed.


VC3

SX64 Meadowsfoot Beach, Mothecombe, SX610473, 2003,

C.J.Smith; about 20 seedlings, 2007, A.J.Byfield. One

plant on Westcombe Beach, SX635457, 2013,

R.E.N.Smith. Thurlestone, SX674421, 2009,

R.E.N.Smith.

SX97 Dawlish Warren, SX9879, 1998, R.E.N.Smith; 2002,

N.F.Stewart.

SX98 Dawlish Warren, SX992803, 2011, P.D.Pullen.

Lympstone, SX9983, 2003, R.E.N.Smith & C.J.Smith.

One plant on edge of estuary at Exton, SX980863,

2013, R.E.N.Smith.

SY07 Exmouth, SY0278, 1988, P.Ivimey-Cook & L.J.Margetts.

l Salicornia fragilis P.W.Ball & Tutin

Yellow Glasswort

Very rare. Nationally Scarce. Native. Known only in the

vicinity of the Taw/Torridge Estuary in North Devon.

1987 onwards (1).

VC3

SS43 Taw Estuary, Braunton Burrows, 1915,

E.S.Marshall det. P.D.Sell (BSBI Atlas, CGE).

Yelland Jetty, SS480325, 2013, R.I.Kirby (DA

2014).

Amaranthaceae

Amaranthaceae

SX815428, 2006; SX817427, 2010, R.E.N.Smith &

C.J.Smith; SX827443, 2006, N.F.Stewart. By Slapton

Ley, SX825441, 2006, T.Purches; SX827443, 2006,

N.F.Stewart.

SX87 Wolborough rubbish tip, G.T.Fraser, S.Edwards &

T.Stephenson det. Kew (Flora). With wool waste at

Bradley Woollen Mills, SX8571, 1957, M.McCallum

Webster (McCallum Webster 1959). Pavement weed

at Newton Abbot, SX857713, 1994; SX860721, 2006,

R.E.N.Smith & C.J.Smith. Bovey Tracey, SX815789,

1996, R.E.N.Smith.

SX88 Hawkmoor, 1930, E.Ward (DA 1931).

SX89 Arable weed, SX8693, 1981, G.Hawkins (DA 1982).

SX97 Arable weed near Broomhouse Farm, SX929789 and

SX930789, 2006, N.F.Stewart.

SX98 Topsham, 1927, W.S.M.D’Urban (Flora). Exminster,

G.R.A.Watts (Flora). One plant near Countess Wear,

SX9489, 1992, L.M.Spalton (DA 1993).

SX99 Banks of River Exe, 1908, G.C.Druce (Druce 1910).

SY07 Pavement weed, Exmouth, SY016798, 2008,

A.Newton.

SY29 Wilmington Quarry, SY207997, 1992, L.J.Margetts.

Arable weed near Whitford, SY2594, 1990,

L.M.Spalton (DA 1991).

VC4

SS22 In a chicken run, Hartland, SS297238, 1959, D.Hilton

(DA 1960).

SS31 East Putford, SS383193, 1989, W.H.Tucker (DA 1990).

SS44 Woolacombe Warren, SS4543, 2008, N.F.Stewart.

SS53 Garden weed, Bishop’s Tawton, 1927, R.Taylor

(Flora).

SS61 Garden weed, Chulmleigh, SS6814, 2001, E.Stenger

conf. W.H.Tucker (DA 2002).

SS72 South Molton (Flora).

SS81 Witheridge, G.R.A.Watts (DA 1929).

SS91 Pavement weed, Tiverton, SS954123, 2003, J.J.Ison.

Also recorded form VC3: SX73, SX76, SX99, SY19 and

VC4: SX69 (BSBI Atlas).


l Amaranthus hybridus L.

Green Amaranth

Rare. Introduced, a neophyte; native in America. Found on

waste ground and as an arable weed but less often than A.

retroflexus.

1987 onwards (10).

VC3

SX55 Waste ground at Boringdon Park, SX530580, 2006,

P.D.Pullen & D.Fenwick det. R.E.N.Smith (DA 2007,

RENS).

SX77 One plant in chicken run, Widecombe in the Moor,

1960, H.French (DA 1961).

SX79 In a mixed crop with chenopods and maize south of

Highfield, SX763974, 2005, N.F.Stewart.

SX86 Paignton, 1946, E.F.Barns det. Kew (DA 1947).


1957, M.McCallum Webster (McCallum Webster

1959). One plant by the cattle market, Newton

Abbot, SX8571, 1989, R.E.N.Smith & C.J.Smith det.

J.M.Mullin (DA 1991, RENS).

SX89 Amongst a strip of chenopods southwest of

Frankland Farm, SX801975, 2005, N.F.Stewart.

Map 327. Suaeda maritima (Annual Sea-blite) Map 328. Salsola kali (Prickly Saltwort)

Annual Sea-blite Suaeda maritima

Amaranthaceae, Aizoaceae

l Amaranthus blitum L.

Guernsey Pigweed

Very rare. Introduced, casual; native in southern Europe.

1987 onwards (1).

VC3


1969, M.C.Hockaday.

SY08 The Maer, Exmouth, SY0080, 1994, R.Takagi-Arigho

conf. E.J.Clement (DA 1996).

l Amaranthus albus L.

White Pigweed

Very rare. Introduced, a neophyte; native in North America.


VC3

SX45 Frequent by car park at Western King Point,

Plymouth, SX461533, 2003, P.R.Green (DA 2004).

SX84 Garden weed at Stoke Fleming, SX8649, 1999,

D.Willison (DA 2000).

SX89 On verge of main road, Crediton, SX8499, 1998,

D.E.Bolton (DA 1999).

SX99 Exeter, G.R.A.Watts (DA 1931).

SY39 Pavement weed at Axminster, SY305981, 1998,

I.P.Green.

Also recorded from VC3: SY08 (BSBI Atlas).

l Amaranthus thunbergii Moq.

Thunberg’s Pigweed

Extinct. Introduced, casual; native in South Africa.

1987 onwards (0).

VC3


1965, M.C.Hockaday.

Aizoaceae

l Lampranthus falciformis (Haw.) N.E.Br.

Sickle-leaved Dewplant

Extinct. Introduced, a neophyte; native in South Africa.

1987 onwards (0).


SX97 On waste ground by East Cliff car park, SX944732,

2007, R.E.N.Smith & C.J.Smith (RENS).

SX99 Near Exeter Quay, SX924912, 2003, M.Greenwood.

SY09 Garden weed at Broad Oak, 1942, E.D.Tallant (DA

1943).

ST10 Two plants on roadside at Honiton, ST1500, 2000,


VC4

SS70 Roadside casual near Bow, SS717018 and SS704017,

2003, N.F.Stewart.

l Amaranthus caudatus L.

Love-lies-bleeding

Very rare. Introduced, casual; native in South America. A

garden escape or bird seed alien.

Atlas p.29, 1987 onwards (2).

VC3

SX55 Boringdon Park, SX529577, 2006, D.Fenwick

(Fenwick 2007).

SY08 Bicton Common, SY0386, 1991, L.M.Spalton (DA

1993).

l Amaranthus deflexus L.

Perennial Pigweed

Extinct. Introduced, casual; native in South America.


VC3

SX84 Beesands, 1937, G.T.Fraser det. Kew (TOR).


1957, M.McCallum Webster (McCallum Webster

1959, K); 1964, M.C.Hockaday.

Common Amaranth Amaranthus retroflexus, p.422

Love-lies-bleeding Amaranthus caudatus

Aizoaceae

VC3

SX45 1924, Plymouth Aquarium (BSBI Atlas, K).

VC4

SS14 Lundy, 1911, E.G.Aldridge (BSBI Atlas, K).

l Carpobrotus edulis (L.) N.E.Br.

Hottentot-fig – Map 329

Rare. Introduced, a neophyte; native in South Africa.

Naturalised on the coast where it may be very abundant

and swamp the native vegetation. The yellow var. edulis

and the pinkish var. rubescens Druce are both known. It

was first recorded in South Devon at Dawlish in 1922 and

at Georgeham in North Devon in 1921 and has persisted at

most of the stations listed in the Flora. Recent localised

records are listed.


VC3

SX44 Heybrook Bay, SX4948, 1999, M.Atkinson,

A.Atkinson & I.J.Bennallick; 2009, P.D.Pullen.

SX45 Plymouth Hoe, SX4753, 2006, R.M.H.Hodgson.

SX54 HMS Cambridge near Wembury, SX5048, 1990, DAB.

SX64 Burgh Island, SX6443, 2001, R.E.N.Smith. Bigbury-

on-Sea, SX6544, 2008, R.E.N.Smith & C.J.Smith.

SX84 Torcross, SX8242, 2008, R.E.N.Smith. Blackpool

Sands, SX856479, 2005, R.E.N.Smith; 2011, N.Green.

Stoke Fleming, SX8647, 2010, R.E.N.Smith.


SX85 Roundham Head, SX8959, 2004, R.E.N.Smith &

C.J.Smith.

SX97 By the railway between Dawlish and Dawlish

Warren, SX9777, 2003, R.E.N.Smith; 2011, J.J.Ison.

SX98 Lympstone, SX9983, 2003, R.E.N.Smith & C.J.Smith.

Hottentot-fig Carpobrotus edulis

Map 329. Carpobrotus edulis (Hottentot-fig)

Aizoaceae, Phytolaccaceae, Montiaceae

SX64 By steps to the beach, Bigbury-on-Sea, SX6544,

1994, Kingsbridge & District N.H.S. (DA 1995); 2003,

P.J.Reay.

SX78 Moretonhampstead, C.H.Laycock (Flora); tetrad

SX7387, 1977, V.Almond (Atlas); SX737875, 1991,

J.F.D.Scott (DA 1993). Leighbridge, Chagford, 1941,

H.W.Pugsley (TOR). Near Holy Street, Chagford,

SX689878, 1958, R.J.Skerrett. Chagford, SX700875,

2011, N.F.Stewart & R.J.Stewart.

SX85 Dartmouth, R.M.Milne (DA 1925).

SX87 Highweek, 1915, R.Carr-Smith (Flora, TOR).

SY08 Exmouth, 1924 (Flora); The Maer, Exmouth,

SY007802, 1994, R.Takagi-Arigho (DA 1995); 2004,

R.E.N.Smith.

SY18 Sidmouth, G.T.Harris (DA 1916).

VC4

SS43 Braunton Burrows, SS4836, 1980, E.O’D.Jacobs (DA

1981).

SS61 Tetrad SS6612, 1974, M.Parkinson (Atlas).


l Claytonia sibirica L.

Pink Purslane – Map 330

Frequent. Introduced, a neophyte; native in western North

America. Hedgerows, woodland and other moist shaded

places. There were only eight records published in the

Flora. It has spread rapidly since then and has been found

in 180 more tetrads than during the Atlas survey.

Flora as C. alsinoides Sims. p.164, Atlas p.30 (267), 1987

onwards (447).

l Montia fontana L.

Blinks – Map 331

Frequent. Native. By streams and rills, in seasonally wet

pastures and other wet places. Very common on Dartmoor,

much less so in the drier east of the county. All four

subspecies have been recorded in the county but their

ranges are not well known. Subsp. amporitana Sennen and

subsp. variabilis Walters, found in permanently wet

conditions, seem to be commonest on Dartmoor and

Exmoor, while subsp. chondrosperma (Fenzl) Walters, found


SY08 Budleigh Salterton, SY0781, 1992, L.J.Margetts (DA

1993); 2009, R.E.N.Smith.

SY18 Sidmouth, SY1286, 2004, R.E.N.Smith.

VC4

SS43 Croyde Bay, SS429397 and SS429398, 1987 and 2003,

W.H.Tucker; 2011, M.Putnam & A.Holwill.

Middleborough Hill, SS4339, 2008, J.J.Ison. Saunton

Cliffs, SS446377, 1987, W.H.Tucker; Saunton Cliffs,

SS443378, 2009, NDBG.

SS44 Baggy Point, tetrad SS4240, 2009, DAB.

Woolacombe, SS455444, 2004, N.F.Stewart.

SS54 Near Widmouth, tetrad SS5448, 2006, NDBG.

l Carpobrotus aequilaterus (Haw.) N.E.Br.

Extinct. Introduced, a neophyte; native in Australia.

Reported once from Dawlish.


VC3

SX97 Dawlish, W.S.M.D’Urban det. Dr.Rundle, 1920 (Flora).

l Tetragonia tetragonioides (Pall.) Kuntze

New Zealand Spinach

Extinct. Introduced, casual; native in Australia and Japan

to South America.


VC3

SY08 Budleigh Salterton, 1924 and 1925, R.Orme (Druce

1926).

Phytolaccaceae

l Phytolacca acinosa Roxb.

Indian Pokeweed

Very rare. Introduced, a neophyte; native in east Asia.

Probably this though a number of closely related species

are grown in gardens. Casual in Devon.

1987 onwards (1).

VC3

SY08 Garden weed, Budleigh Salterton, SY058822, 1991,

F.J.M.Laver (DA 1992).

Montiaceae

l Claytonia perfoliata Donn ex Willd.

Springbeauty

Very rare. Introduced, a neophyte; native in western North

America. A weed of waste and cultivated ground,

especially on sandy soils, persisting at Exmouth, Chagford

and Moretonhampstead.

Flora p.165, Atlas as Montia perfoliata (Donn. ex Willd.)

Howell p.30 (2), 1987 onwards (5).

VC3

SX55 Blunts Lane Allotments, Plymouth, SX593592, 2004,

D.Fenwick. Pink Purslane Claytonia sibirica

Montiaceae

on sites that dry out during the summer, is more frequent

elsewhere. However, there is a good deal of overlap and

much more subspecies specific recording is needed to

establish their true range. Subsp. fontana Walters which has

a more northerly range in the British Isles has only been

recorded once, on Exmoor.



subsp. fontana

Permanently wet places in bryophyte-rich habitats on acid

soils and rocks.

VC4

SS73 In a bog southeast of Stanway cross, Exmoor,

SS795327, 1988, W.H.Tucker conf. S.M.Walters.

Map 330. Claytonia sibirica (Pink Purslane) Map 331. Montia fontana (Blinks)

Blinks Montia fontana

Portulacaceae, Cornaceae, Hydrangeaceae

SS90 Silverton Mill, SS976013, 1996, J.F.Southey (DA 1997).

ST01 Halberton village pond, ST0012, 1996, L.J.Margetts

& L.M.Spalton (DA 1997).

VC4

SS40 Buckland Filleigh, SS465085, 1982 and 1996,

W.H.Tucker (DA 1997). Dunsland, tetrad SS4004,

2010, R.M.H.Hodgson.

SS41 South Furze, Shebbear, SS447103, 1997, W.H.Tucker.

Old bowling green, Torrington, SS485195, 2001,

W.H.Tucker (DA 2002).

SS44 Borough Wood, SS4846, 2010, R.M.H.Hodgson &

M.Breeds.

SS52 Holmacott, SS505293, 2011, R.M.H.Hodgson.

SS63 Tordown Wood, Swimbridge, SS642316, 2011,

R.M.H.Hodgson.

ST02 Huntsham, ST002206, 1993, M.Greenwood.

l Cornus mas L.

Cornelian-cherry

Very rare. Introduced, a neophyte; native in southeast

Europe and western Asia. Only known from one roadside

hedge in South Devon.

1987 onwards (1).

VC3

SX84 Roadside near Slapton, SX824448, 2001, J.F.D.Scott

(DA 2002); 2008, N.F.Stewart.

Hydrangeaceae

l Philadelphus coronarius L.

Mock-orange

Very rare. Introduced, a neophyte; native in Europe. A

garden escape recorded from two hectads in VC3 and

three in VC4.

1987 onwards (4).


Portulacaceae

l Calandrinia ciliata (Ruiz & Pav.) DC.

Red-maids

Extinct. Introduced, casual; native in western North America.

1987 onwards (0).

VC3

SX97 Flowering profusely at Dawlish, 1955, H.Gilbert-

Carter det. T.G.Tutin as var. menziesii (Hook.)

Macbride.

Cornaceae

l Cornus sanguinea L.

Dogwood – Map 332

Frequent. Native. Hedges, scrub and woods. Common on

base-rich soils and especially on chalk and limestone. Rare

elsewhere. Frequently planted in landscaping schemes.


l Cornus sericea L.

Red-osier Dogwood

Rare. Introduced, a neophyte; native in North America.

Occasionally planted and sometimes naturalising.

1987 onwards (13).

VC3

SX55 On waste ground, Marsh Mills, Plymouth,

SX519565, 2011, P.D.Pullen. Planted at Efford Marsh

NR, SX5156, 2011, P.D.Pullen.

Map 332. Cornus sanguinea (Dogwood)

Dogwood Cornus sanguinea

Hydrangeaceae, Balsaminaceae

VC3

ST00 Paradise Copse, ST013017, 2004, DAB.

VC4

SS41 By the A386 near Little Torrington, SS488172, 1984,

W.H.Tucker. Hectad record 1987+ (BSBI Atlas).

SS54 One plant in wood at Watermouth, SS555482, 2006,

NDBG.

SS64 Near Hele, tetrad SS6446, 1993, T.M.Cheek.


l Deutzia scabra Thunb.

Deutzia

Very rare. Introduced, a neophyte; native in China and

Japan. A garden escape.

1987 onward (2).

VC4

SS43 Single bush by the main track, Braunton Burrows,

SS4633, W.H.Tucker (DA 2004).

Also recorded in VC3: SX68 (BSBI Atlas).

l Hydrangea macrophylla (Thunb.) Ser.

Hydrangea

Very rare. Introduced, a neophyte; native in Japan. A garden

escape.

1987 onwards (5).

VC3

SX55 Hemerdon Ball, SX5758, 2004, R.M.H.Hodgson.

SX84 Strete, SX837467, 2014, M.Wilcox.

VC4

SS40 Waste ground near Sheepwash, SS487073, 2009,

R.M.H.Hodgson.


Balsaminaceae

l Impatiens capensis Meerb.

Orange Balsam


Naturalised on river banks and by ponds, mainly by the

River Axe and River Otter and in the Barnstaple area.

Atlas p.101 (7), 1987 onwards (9).

VC3

SY08 SY0782, 1972, D.E.Bunce (Atlas); Budleigh Salterton,

SY0782, 2011, R.M.H.Hodgson. Near the bridge at

Otterton, SY0885, 1973, G.Steele-Perkins (DA 1974).

Tetrads SY0886 and SY0888, 1976, P.Touch (Atlas).

SY09 Tetrad SY0692, 1970, E.D.Tallant. In a field at

Fluxton, SY0895, 1973, J.J.Hayward (DA 1974). By a

woodland pond at West Hill, SY075929, 1987,

J.J.Hayward (DA 1988).

SY29 Colyford Common, SY2592, 2005, J.M.Lock. Bank of

River Axe, Axmouth, SY2590, 2006, N.Pinhorn. By


River Axe near Cloakham, SY296993, 2004,

N.F.Stewart; SY297994, 2013, R.E.N.Smith.

VC4

SS42 North of Weare Giffard, SS464231, 1971, W.H.Tucker.

SS53 Tetrad SS5434, 1973, M.Tulloh. Bradiford bird

reserve, SS539341, 2007, R.M.H.Hodgson. Blakewell,

by Bradiford Lake, SS565357, 1998, W.H.Tucker (DA

1999). Marsh at Muddiford, SS562382, 1998,

W.H.Tucker (DA 1999).

SS54 Tetrad SS5440, 1977, J.S.Rees (Atlas). Wet valley

bottom at Bittadon, SS545413, 1997, E.Stenger (DA

1999).

SS61 Colleton Weir, SS663142, 1996, E.Stenger (DA 1997).

l Impatiens parviflora DC.

Small Balsam

Very rare. Introduced, a neophyte; native in Central Asia.

Perhaps just casual in Devon.


VC3

SX45 Plymouth, SX4754, 1989, R.A.Stevens et al. (Stevens

1990).

SX55 Saltram, SX5155, 1989, R.A.Stevens et al. (Stevens

1990).

VC4

SX38 Tetrad SX3880, 1977, M.F.Spooner (Atlas).

l Impatiens glandulifera Royle

Indian Balsam – Map 333 (overleaf)

Frequent. Introduced, a neophyte; native in the Himalayas.

Extensively naturalised on river banks, along streams,

canals, ditches and other wet places. Now found regularly

in drier habitats on roadsides and wood margins. The map

indicates the distribution on and around the main river

systems. It has continued to spread rapidly since first

recorded in the county in 1888 and although a handsome

plant is certainly invasive and the target of eradication

schemes.


Orange Balsam Impatiens capensis

Balsaminaceae, Polemoniaceae, Primulaceae

VC3

SX65 On a shaded roadside at South Brent, SX692589,

2002, P.D.Pullen.

SX68 A single plant persisted on Padley Common for

several years, SX697874, 1958, R.J.Skerrett.

ST01 Tetrad record, ST0412, 1976, G.Franklin (Atlas).

Primulaceae

l Primula vulgaris Huds.

Primrose

Common. Native. Found throughout the lowlands in open

woodland, on shaded hedge banks and amongst bracken

on sea cliffs.


l Primula × polyantha Mill.

P. vulgaris × P. veris

False Oxlip – Map 334

Rare. Native. Occasional where P. veris grows alongside P.

vulgaris. Recent localised records are listed.

Flora p.448, Atlas as P. × tommasinii Gren. & Godr. p.126

(11), 1987 onwards (18).

VC3

SX55 Plymouth, SX523514, 2007, D.Fenwick.

SX76 By feeder road to A38, Ashburton, SX754693, 1996,

R.E.N.Smith & C.J.Smith (DA 2009).

SX86 Orley Common, SX825663, 2014, R.E.N.Smith &

C.J.Smith.

SX96 Anstey’s Cove, SX937645, 2007, C.J.Smith.

ST20 Cummin’s Cope Meadow, Stockland, ST253031,

2009, D.J.Allen. West side of River Yarty at Marsh,

ST2609, 2005, N.F.Stewart. Dennings Down, near

Membury, ST2902, 1993, L.J.Margetts.

ST21 Higher Luxton, ST210104, 1996, I.P.Green. Tetrad

ST2410, 1997, anon.


l Impatiens noli-tangere L.

Touch-me-not Balsam

Extinct. Native in the Lake District and central Wales,

introduced in Devon.


VC3

ST10 Honiton, 1901, H.Saunders (DA 1901).

Polemoniaceae

l Polemonium caeruleum L.

Jacob’s-ladder

Very rare. Nationally Rare. Native in northern England,

introduced in Devon. A garden escape occasionally

persisting for a while. A small number of records were

published in the Flora from both vice-counties. More

recent records, all from VC3, are listed below.


Map 333. Impatiens glandulifera (Indian Balsam) Map 334. Primula x polyantha (False Oxslip)

Primrose Primula vulgaris

Primulaceae

VC4

SS64 Blackmoor Gate, SS6443, 1992, I.Perry; 2000,

C.J.Giddens.

SS70 Zeal Monachorum churchyard, SS718039, 1988,

B.P.Thurlow & W.H.Tucker.

VC9

ST30 Coaxdon Quarry, ST310006, 1987, L.J.Margetts (DA

1988).

l Primula veris L.

Cowslip – Map 335

Occasional. Native. Base-rich soils in pastures, old quarries

and cliff tops. Its natural distribution has been obscured by

planting on both likely and unlikely sites.


l Hottonia palustris L.

Water-violet

Very rare. Native on the Somerset Levels and in eastern

England but introduced in Devon.

1987 onwards (1).

VC4

SS43 Bomber Slack Pond, Braunton Burrows, SS451339,

1991, D.Bolton (DA 1993); 2000, W.H.Tucker; 2007,

I.Lakin & K.Rylands.

l Lysimachia nemorum L.

Yellow Pimpernel

Common. Native. Damp grasslands, woodlands and other

shaded places throughout the county except on the high

moors.


l Lysimachia nummularia L.

Creeping-Jenny

Frequent. Mapped as native (BSBI Atlas), it has usually

been thought of as an introduction in Devon. Found very


locally throughout the county except on the high ground.


l Lysimachia vulgaris L.

Yellow Loosestrife – Map 336

Occasional. Native. Found by canals, on river banks and

other wet ground. The native distribution is uncertain due

to both garden escapes and confusion with L. punctata to

which many of the older records probably refer.


l Lysimachia punctata L.

Dotted Loosestrife – Map 337 (overleaf)

Frequent. Introduced, a neophyte; native in southeast

Europe. The first record seems to be of a plant collected by

G.H.Douglas at Dartington in 1926 (TOR) as L. vulgaris

and redetermined as this species by L.J.Margetts. It has

now been recorded occasionally in most of the county.


Map 335. Primula veris (Cowslip) Map 336. Lysimachia vulgaris (Yellow Loosestrife)

Cowslip Primula veris

Primulaceae

l Anagallis arvensis L.

Scarlet Pimpernel

subsp. arvensis

Common. Native. Abundant weed of cultivation, waste

places and other open sites including cliffs and shorelines

but absent from the high ground. The red form is the

commonest but several other colour forms, including the

blue one, have been recorded occasionally.


subsp. foemina (Mill.) Schinz & Thell.

Blue Pimpernel

Extinct. Native. The Flora lists a number of sites from both

vice-counties. There are vouchers in TOR from Torquay,

1943, E.Pearse, and Kingskerswell, 1936, G.T.Fraser, but

probably much confused with blue forms of subsp. arvensis

both now and in the past.


l Centunculus minimus L.

Chaffweed – Map 340

Rare. Near Threatened on the British Red List. Native.

Open damp sandy and peaty soils. Persists at many of its

old locations and is, sometimes, very locally, rather

common. Easily overlooked but often with the more

visible Radiola linoides. Recent localised records are listed.

Flora p.453, Atlas as Anagallis minima (L.) E.H.Krause p.127

(9), 1987 onwards (14).

VC3

SX47 Near Bedford Bridge, Tavistock, SX496703, 1997,

R.E.N.Smith (DA 1998). Middlemoor, SX497729,

2003, P.R.Green & A.Watt.

SX55 Crownhill Down, SX574593, 1994, R.E.N.Smith

(DA 1995).

SX56 Near Cadover Bridge, SX5564, 2000, R.E.N.Smith.

On china clay waste at Wotter, SX562620, 2013,


SX57 On roadside at Eastontown, SX535729, 2006,



l Glaux maritima L.

Sea-milkwort – Map 338

Occasional. Native. Locally common in saltmarshes,

brackish dune-slacks and on strand lines on both coasts.


l Anagallis tenella (L.) L.

Bog Pimpernel – Map 339

Frequent. Native. Locally frequent in a wide range of soils

in wet communities, including dune slacks, flushed coastal

grasslands and, especially, in peaty mires, where animal

grazing keeps the sites open. On Dartmoor it is found up

to about 450 metres.


Map 337. Lysimachia punctata (Dotted Loosestrife) Map 338. Glaux maritima (Sea-milkwort)

Bog Pimpernel Anagallis tenella

Primulaceae

SX77 Edge of track near Widecombe, SX726765, 2009,

R.E.N.Smith.

SX87 Edge of track in Great Plantation, SX823753, 1997

and 2005, R.E.N.Smith & C.J.Smith (DA 1998);

locally common on edges of track, SX821754, 2009

and 2011, R.E.N.Smith & C.J.Smith. Tom Brown’s

Plantation, SX820762, R.E.N.Smith & C.J.Smith. Edge

of track, Stover Country Park, SX836754, 1992 and

2005, R.E.N.Smith & C.J.Smith.

SY08 Muddy track on Dalditch Common, SY038839,

2011, R.E.N.Smith.

SY09 On track at Aylesbeare Common, SY054907, 1995,

R.E.N.Smith; very locally common on disturbed

ground there, 2010, R.E.N.Smith.

VC4

SX69 Fernhill Moor, SX635989, 1992 and 1995,


SS14 By track near Halfway Wall, Lundy, SS136458, 2005,

N.F.Stewart & R.J.Stewart. Quarterwall ponds,

Lundy, SS137449, 2010, A.Cleave.

SS21 Lower Tamar Lake, SS298109, 1990, R.M.H.Hodgson.

Meddon Green, SS277177, 1994, R.E.N.Smith (DA

1995).

l Cyclamen hederifolium Aiton

Sowbread

Frequent. Introduced, a neophyte; native in southern

Europe. Perhaps under-recorded during the Atlas survey,

as it is certainly widely distributed outside gardens now.

Although often found in the vicinity of houses it may also

be found in more remote locations.


l Cyclamen coum Mill.

Eastern Sowbread

Very rare. Introduced, a neophyte; native in the eastern

Mediterranean.

1987 onwards (5).


VC3

SX87 Naturalising in corner of churchyard at Highweek,

SX851720, 2013, R.E.N.Smith & C.J.Smith.

SX96 Lincombe Drive, Torquay, SX9363, 1996, L.J.Margetts

& L.M.Spalton (DA 1997).

VC4

SX39 Naturalised on bank outside old greenhouse at

Ashwater, SX393953, 2008, R.M.H.Hodgson.

SS40 Naturalised in Highhampton churchyard,

SS489046, 2008, R.M.H.Hodgson.

SS70 Clannaborough, SS759031, 2009, R.M.H.Hodgson.

l Cyclamen repandum Sibth. & Sm.

Spring Sowbread

Very rare. Introduced, a neophyte; native in the

Mediterranean. A garden escape naturalised in a few

places in the south of the county.

1987 onwards (7).

Map 339. Anagallis tenella (Bog Pimpernel) Map 340. Centunculus minimus (Chaffweed)

Chaffweed Centunculus minimus

Primulaceae, Sarraceniaceae, Ericaceae

VC3

SY08 Colaton Raleigh Common, SY041875, 1999, DAB

(DA 2000 as S. flava); 2016, DAB det. A.Langley.

l Sarracenia flava x Sarracenia sp. unknown

Trumpets x unknown

Very rare. Introduced, a neophyte; horticultural origin. In

moist heath, presumably planted.

1987 onwards (1).

VC3

SY08 Established at Colaton Raleigh Common, SY041874,

1999, P.Gotham (DA 2000 as S. flava); 2012,

R.E.N.Smith (RENS); 2016 DAB det. A.Langley.

Ericaceae

l Arbutus unedo L.

Strawberry-tree

Very rare. Introduced, a neophyte; native in southwest

Ireland. An escape from cultivation.

Atlas p.125 (4), 1987 onwards (9).

VC3

SX55 A large bush by the River Yealm, SX553507, 2006,

D.Fenwick.

SX87 Tetrad SX8274, 1971, DAB (Atlas).

SX95 SX9355, 1974, anon. (Atlas). Tetrad SX9456, 1959,

A.J.C.Beddow (Atlas); 1963, D.J.Allen (Atlas).

SX98 Large bush on low cliff at Lympstone, SX987843,

1997, L.J.Margetts & L.M.Spalton.

SX99 Exeter, SX9193, 2003, R.M.Walls.

SY39 About 40 plants ranging from 3 inches to 15 feet

naturalised on Whitlands Cliff, 1976, T.J.Wallace

(DA 1977).


VC3

SX54 Plentiful by path in wood near River Yealm,

Newton Ferrers, SX5448, 1997, R.Rose det.

L.J.Margetts (DA 1998). Dozens of plants, Newton

Ferrers churchyard, SX5548, 1996, L.J.Margetts &


SX73 Naturalised in and outside gardens at Sharpitor,

Salcombe, SX7237, 1994, L.J.Margetts & L.M.Spalton

(DA 1995).

SX87 One plant on roadside near Brocks Farm, SX8475,

2009, R.E.N.Smith.

SX95 Well naturalised under trees by quarry at Berry

Head, SX9456, 1993, N.Smallbones det. L.J.Margetts

(DA 1994).

SX96 By path above Meadfoot Beach, Torquay, SX9363,

1980, G.F.C.Hawkins (DA 1990); wood by car park,

Anstey’s Cove, Torquay, SX9364, 1995, L.J.Margetts

(DA 1996).


l Samolus valerandi L.

Brookweed – Map 341

Occasional. Native. Sea cliffs and damp maritime sand

flushed with fresh water; more rarely around the heads of

estuaries and in flushed areas inland.


Sarraceniaceae

l Sarracenia minor Walter

Hooded Pitcher Plant


In moist heath, presumably planted.

1987 onwards (1).

Map 341. Samolus valerandi (Brookweed)

Hooded Pitcher Plant Sarracenia minor

Ericaceae

VC4

SS43 Instow, SS474304, 1996, A.Dixon.

Also recorded from VC3: SX68, SX77, SS80, SY08, SY18

(BSBI Atlas).

l Empetrum nigrum L.

Crowberry

subsp. nigrum

Rare. Native. Dry to moist heath. On the highest parts of

Exmoor near the county boundary mostly between 400

and 500 metres though descending to 350 metres at

Ilkerton Ridge. On Dartmoor it is found on the north moor,

close to the watershed, mostly between 400 and 600

metres. The three known populations on the south moor

are between 400 and 500 metres.


VC3

SX57 In plenty amongst Calluna about half a mile

northeast of Great Mis Tor, T.R.A.Briggs (Briggs

1879b); bog below Great Mis Tor at 540 metres,

F.W.Toms (Flora, TOR).

SX58 Fur Tor, Miss Budd (Flora). Cut Hill to Cranmere at

560 metres, G.T.Harris, 1926 (Flora). A small patch at

Cowsic Head, SX599811, 2010, B.R.Wheeler (DA

2011).

SX66 Near South Brent, 1879, T.R.A.Briggs (Briggs 1879).

About 200 metres northwest of Petre’s Cross, Brent

Moor at 470 metres, SX6565, 1989, P.Goddard (DA

1990). A short distance southwest of the standing

stone on Ryder’s Hill at 500 metres, 1964 and 1989,

I.Mercer.

SX67 Eleven plants amongst Molinia caerulea near the O

Brook at 430 metres, SX648712, 2012, H.Marshall

(DA 2013).

SX68 Wild and Watern Tors, at 500 metres, 1877, Miss

Budd (Flora). Black Moor at 580 metres, SX604846,

1969, W.H.Tucker. Scattered between Rippator and

Hound Tor at 450 metres, SX636882, 1984, N.Baldock

(DA 1984).

VC4

SX58 A small patch between disused railway line and

Great Links Tor at 550 metres, SX553870, 2002,

D.J.Allen (DA 2004). Locally frequent on Okement

Hill at 530 metres, SX597882, 2006, R.E.N.Smith &

N.F.Stewart.

SX68 Okement Hill, G.T.Harris (Flora); H.H.Harvey

(Flora); at 560 metres on Okement Hill, 1937,

G.T.Fraser & W.K.Martin (Flora, TOR); in two places

at 560 metres at Ockerton Court, SX603868, 2007,

R.E.N.Smith & N.F.Stewart; locally frequent on

Okement Hill at 560 metres, SX601877, 2006,

R.E.N.Smith & N.F.Stewart; a few plants at West

Okement Head at 560 metres, SX606859, 2010,

A.J.Byfield (DA 2010).

SS63 High Bray, 1915, W.P.Hiern (Flora).

SS64 Challacombe, 1919, W.P.Hiern; at 470 metres, 1938,

W.K.Martin; 1939, R.Taylor (TOR).

SS73 Moorland at 470 metres, Setta Barrow, Exmoor, on

both sides of the county boundary, SS7238, 1959,


C.M.A.Cadell (BSBI Atlas). Shoulsbury Castle,

SS7039, 1996, A.Butcher.

SS74 East of Wood Barrow, SS7042, 1983, N.V.Allen.

Ilkerton Ridge at about 350 metres, SS721446, 2005,

M.Darlaston (DA 2006). Shilstone Hill at 400 metres,

SS764459, 1981, W.H.Tucker.

Also recorded in VC4: SX59 (BSBI Atlas).

l Rhododendron ponticum L.

Rhododendron – Map 342

Frequent. Introduced, a neophyte. The British plants are

subsp. baeticum (Boiss. & Reut.) Hand.-Mazz. from the

Map 342. Rhododendron ponticum (Rhododendron)

Crowberry Empetrum nigrum

Ericaceae

Blackdowns and pebble-bed commons of East Devon.

Uncommon elsewhere.


l Erica cinerea L.

Bell Heather – Map 345

Frequent. Native. Throughout the county on thin dry

acidic, mineral or organic soils on open heaths and moors,

in open woodland and coastal heaths. Absent from the

higher and wetter parts of Dartmoor.


l Erica arborea L.

Tree Heath

Very rare. Introduced, a neophyte; native in the

Mediterranean. Found naturalising once on a garden

hedgebank.

1987 onwards (1).

VC3

SY08 Budleigh Salterton, SY0587, 1988, L.J.Margetts det.

D.McClintock (DA 1989).

l Erica vagans L.

Cornish Heath

Very rare. Nationally Rare. Introduced, native in Cornwall.

Probably always planted though sometimes found in

‘wild’ situations. It has persisted in the Croyde Bay area

between 1983 and 2009.


VC3

SX58 Near Lydford Junction, 1930, M.Boggis (DA 1930).

SX64 Thurlestone, SX6743, 1954, B.H.S.Russell (BSBI

Atlas).

SX68 One bush, Fernworthy, SX6784, 1994, L.J.Margetts &


SX99 Broadclyst (Flora, RAMM).

SY18 Sidmouth, SY1287, 1904, W.W.Mason (BSBI Atlas,

OXF).


southwest Iberian Peninsula. About 12% of these plants

appear to be hybrids with one of three North American

species: R. maximum L., R. catawbiense Michx. and R.

macrophyllum D.Don ex G.Don (Stace 2010). Widely

naturalised on acid soils throughout the county and

reproducing freely from seed.

Atlas p.125 (424), 1987 onwards (477).

l Rhododendron luteum Sweet

Yellow Azalea

Very rare. Introduced, a neophyte; native in eastern Europe

and western Asia. Acid soils in similar situations to R.

ponticum but only known from four hectads.

1987 onwards (3).

VC3

SX99 Warcleave, 1965, R.Skerrett (BSBI Atlas).

VC4

SS40 In woodland, Buckland Filleigh, SS472088, 1967,

1987 and 1994, W.H.Tucker (DA 1995).

SX37 A small bush beside the Tamar in Dunterue

Wood, SX383776, 2007, I.Lakin

Also recorded from VC4: SS61 (BSBI Atlas).

l Calluna vulgaris (L.) Hull

Heather – Map 343

Common. Native. Moors and heaths, open woodland,

hedgebanks and sea cliffs on acidic nutrient-poor soils.


l Erica ciliaris L. – see panel opposite

l Erica tetralix L.

Cross-leaved Heath – Map 344

Frequent. Native. Usually on nutrient-poor, moist to wet,

organic soils. Widespread and locally abundant on the

culm grasslands of North Devon, Exmoor, Dartmoor, the

Map 343. Calluna vulgaris (Heather) Map 344. Erica tetralix (Cross-leaved Heath)

VC4

SS43 Croyde Bay, SS428399, 1987 and 2003, W.H.Tucker;


SS44 Tetrad SS4240, 1983, anon. (Atlas) probably refers to

the population in SS43.

Also recorded from VC3: SX98, SY28 (BSBI Atlas).


l Gaultheria shallon Pursh

Shallon

Very rare. Introduced, a neophyte; native in North

America. Naturalised in a few places on acid soils.

1987 onwards (5).

VC3

SX87 Locally abundant and invasive weed at Tom

Brown’s Plantation, Heathfield, SX820764,

R.E.N.Smith & C.J.Smith (DA 2010).

SX97 On the verges of B3192 by roundabout at

Ashcombe, probably originally planted, SX9079,

2000, P.R.Green (DA 2001).

VC4

SS42 Well established in a hedge, Monkleigh, SS471210,

2004, W.H.Tucker.

SS52 Huntshaw, 1947, B.Smyth-Richards (DA 1948).

SS53 Broomhill Wood, Marwood, SS5437, 1962,

C.M.A.Cadell (DA 1963). Naturalised below

conifers, Spion Cop Plantation, SS551396, 1997,

W.H.Tucker.


l Gaultheria mucronata (L.f.) Hook. & Arn.

Prickly Heath

Very rare. Introduced, a neophyte; native in Chile. Acid

soils where its seeds may have been introduced by birds.

1987 onwards (4).

Map 345. Erica cinerea (Bell Heather)

l Erica ciliaris L.

Dorset Heath

Very rare. Nationally Rare. Native and introduced.

Moist heaths. The Dartmoor stations are all

introductions. It has been known at a site on Soussons

Down on Dartmoor, at 380 metres, since 1911. The

forestry plantation was established over the top of the

site around 1950 then partly cleared to allow the

population to survive (Harvey & St.Leger-Gordon

1953). At Southey Moor a native population was first

found in 1998 by M.J.Edgington in Somerset. This

population just creeps over the border into VC3.


VC3

SX66 Tetrad SX6762, 1972, M.Gordon (Atlas).

SX68 Manaton parish 1911 and 1932, K.M.Toms &

C.E.Larter (Toms 1911, TOR); “occupying 20

square yards”, 1936; “vigorous and increasing

with several thousands of plants occupying

some hundreds of square yards”, 1948 (Harvey

& St.Leger-Gordon 1953); near Warren House

Inn, SX675800, 1954, O.Greig (BSBI Atlas);

Soussons Plantation, 1974, M.F.Spooner; 1993 and

2013, R.E.N.Smith & C.J.Smith.

SX77 Yarner Wood, R.Hansford Worth (Flora).

ST11 Southey Moor, ST193111, 2000, D.J.Allen &

R.E.N.Smith.

Ericaceae

Ericaceae

Flora as Oxycoccus macrocarpus (Ait.) Pursh. p.443, Atlas

p.125 (1), 1987 onwards (0).

l Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.

Cowberry

Very rare. Native. Peaty ground on the highest parts of

Dartmoor where it has persisted at or near two of its old

stations. On both Holne Moor and at Vergyland Coombe

the shoots were scattered, only 5 to 10cm high, and not at

all obvious.


VC3

SX58 Fur Tor, 1866, W.S.M.D’Urban (Flora). Cut Combe

Water, SX5883, 1966, R.J.Skerrett (DA 1967).

SX67 Scattered over an area of about 200 square metres

on the edge of blanket bog on Holne Moor at 460

metres, SX667702, 1999, N.Baldock & R.Keedle (DA

2000); 2009, R.E.N.Smith; 2013, R.E.N.Smith,

S.Goodfellow & J.J.Ison.

VC4

SX58 100+ plants between Vergyland Combe and

Jackman’s Bottom at 500 metres, SX594866, 2006,

N.F.Stewart & M.King (DA 2007).

SX68 Okement Hill at 563 metres, W.K.Martin (Flora).

l Vaccinium myrtillus L.

Bilberry – Map 346

Common. Native. Locally abundant on heaths and moors

and as an understorey shrub in acid woodland and on

hedgebanks, especially on and around Dartmoor and

Exmoor, the Blackdown Hills and on the Culm Measures.


l Pyrola minor L.

Common Wintergreen

Extinct. Native. A plant of deep litter in moist woodlands.

The authors of the Flora question the record from the


VC3

SX56 Small patch by A386, Roborough Down, SX506637,


SX67 Single bush amongst moorland vegetation by

roadside near the O Brook, SX666718, 2008,

R.Skerrett (DA 2009).

SX68 Teigncombe Farm, SX671868, 1996, R.M.Keedle.

SX87 Locally common invasive weed at Tom Brown’s

Plantation, Heathfield, SX820764, R.E.N.Smith &

C.J.Smith (DA 2010).


l Vaccinium oxycoccos L.

Cranberry

Very rare. Native. Very wet heaths, usually amongst

sphagnum. Lost from some of the old sites but discovered

in some new ones in recent years on both Dartmoor and

Exmoor.

Flora as Oxycoccus quadripetalus Gilib. p.443, Atlas as

Vaccinium oxycoccus L. p.125 (3), 1987 onwards (4).

VC3

SX57 Mire west of Vixen Tor, SX539745, 2006, E.Barber

det. D.Fenwick (DA 2007).

SX78 Near North Bovey, SX714833, 1994, C.Cornish det.

M.R.Hughes (DA 1996); 2003, D.Boyce; 2012,

N.Baldock.

SY09 West Hill, Ottery St. Mary, G.B.Wollaston (Wollaston

1869).

ST10 Broadhembury, 1926, G.R.A.Watts (Flora).

VC4

SS73 Five Barrows, Exmoor, SS7336, 1993, P.Green.

SS74 Shilstone Hill, Exmoor, SS767459, 2007, M.Darlaston

(DA 2008).


l Vaccinium macrocarpon Aiton

American Cranberry

Extinct. Introduced, a neophyte; native in North America.

There is a single undated record from Tavistock where it

was found on a rocky road cutting near the railway station

(Flora).

Cranberry Vaccinium oxycoccos

Map 346. Vaccinium myrtillus (Bilberry)

caryophyllaceae - devonshire association

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