Carlos- Ocean color pic

Understanding the Living Oceans from space

Pre-Aerosol, Clouds, & ocean Ecosystem

Project Manager: Andre DressDeputy Project Scientist: Antonio Mannino

Goddard Contractors AssociationMay 19, 2015

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Fact Sheet

April 22, 2015

Organization

Mission Overview

Mission Elements

• Directed Mission to GSFCScience Goals• The PACE mission will make global ocean color

measurements for ocean ecology and global biogeochemistry along with polarimetery measurements on clouds and aerosols:

• Primary: Understand and quantify global biogeochemical cycling and ecosystem function in response to anthropogenic and natural environmental variability and change

• Secondary: Understand and resolve/quantify the role of aerosols and clouds in physical climate

• Ocean Color Instrument:• In House Build

• Polarimeter Instrument:• JPL Provided• Contributed• Procured

• Spacecraft:• Procurement• In-House Build• Contributed

• Pre-Phase A• Design to Cost Mission• $805M with $100 Million for Science • Class C Mission• 97° inclination; ~650 km altitude; sun sync• Launch 2022 – 2023• 3 years Phase E

• 8/27/15 - TMC Review• 11/18/15 - Mission Concept Review• KDP-A - 12/9/15

Pre-Phase A Schedule

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Cost Capped Mission• Cap is $805M and includes the following:

– Project team at GSFC (to include PM, SE, & SMA functions)– Spacecraft bus– Launch vehicle– Instrument payload– 3 years of mission operations– Project-held UFE– Data processing/analysis to be performed by GSFC’s Ocean

Biology Processing Group (OBPG)– Mission Science ($100M Dedicated to Science)

• Calibration/validation (hardware & execution)• Science team support (development phase & post launch)

• JCL expectation at KDP-C is 65% for management agreement

April 22, 2015

Importance of Phytoplankton (ocean color)• Despite comprising < 1% of plant/algal biomass on Earth

phytoplankton produce 50-70% of the oxygen we breathe• Phytoplankton represent the first link in the marine food

web & play key role in the ecology of the ecosystem• Potential feedbacks on climate change in response to

human and natural environmental variability and change

Importance of Aerosols and Clouds• Aerosol quantity and composition impacts the solar

radiative flux that is absorbed or scattered within Earth’s atmosphere

• Cloud composition, and distributions impacts the solar radiative flux

Why PACE Science Background

phytoplankton fix* 100M tons of carbon / day = 40B tons carbon / year (~40 Pg C each year)

> 99% of organic carbon resides in marine sedimentsSallie W. Chisholm, Nature 407, 685-687 (2000)

* fixing carbon is the process of converting CO2 to organic matter

Phytoplankton & our changing climate

WHY are ecosystems changing, WHO within an ecosystem are driving change, WHAT are the consequences & HOW will the future ocean look?

PACE will allow research into:

• Plankton Stocks – Distinguish living phytoplankton from other constituents and identify nutrient stressors from turbid coastal waters to the bluest ocean

• Plankton Diversity – Characterize phytoplankton functional groups, particle size distributions, and dominant species

• Ocean Carbon – Assess changes in carbon concentrations, primary production, net community production and carbon export to the deep sea

• Human Impacts – Evaluate changes in land-ocean interactions, water quality, recreation, and other goods & services

• Understanding Change – Provide superior data precision and accuracy, advanced atmospheric correction, inter-mission synergies

• Forecasting Futures – Resolve mechanistic linkages between biology and physics that support of process-based modeling of future changes

PACE Science Drivers-Oceans

• Spectral Resolution – 5 nm resolution to separate constituents, characterize phytoplankton communities & nutrient stressors

• Spectral Range – Ultraviolet to Near Infrared covers key ocean spectral features

• Atmospheric Corrections – UV bands allow ‘spectral anchoring‘, SWIR for turbid coastal systems. A polarimeter option for advanced aerosol characterization.

• Strict Data Quality Requirements – Reliable detection of temporal trends and assessments of ecological rates

• PACE mission and operations concept will be similar to the successful SeaWiFS mission.

UV VISIBLE NIR SWIR

PACE will improve our understanding of ocean ecosystems and carbon cycling through its…

λBand Width (nm)

Spatial Resolution

(km2)

Ltyp LmaxSNR-Spec

350 15 1 7.46 35.6 300360 15 1 7.22 37.6 1000385 15 1 6.11 38.1 1000412 15 1 7.86 60.2 1000425 15 1 6.95 58.5 1000443 15 1 7.02 66.4 1000460 15 1 6.83 72.4 1000475 15 1 6.19 72.2 1000490 15 1 5.31 68.6 1000510 15 1 4.58 66.3 1000532 15 1 3.92 65.1 1000555 15 1 3.39 64.3 1000583 15 1 2.81 62.4 1000617 15 1 2.19 58.2 1000640 10 1 1.9 56.4 1000655 15 1 1.67 53.5 1000665 10 1 1.6 53.6 1000678 10 4 1.45 51.9 2000710 15 1 1.19 48.9 1000748 10 1 0.93 44.7 600820 15 1 0.59 39.3 600865 40 1 0.45 33.3 6001240 20 1 0.088 15.8 2501640 40 1 0.029 8.2 1802130 50 1 0.008 2.2 50http://decadal.gsfc.nasa.gov/pace.html

SDT Instrument threshold requirements

Unprecedented spectral and radiometric requirements

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a hyperspectral instrument will substantially improve our ability to identify multiple phytoplankton communities

UV wavelengths will enable improved separation of dissolved carbon & phytoplankton components

- standard algorithms assume that chlorophyll & all dissolved carbon components co-vary

- these two components can look similar at wavelengths greater than 400 nm

how will PACE advance our ability to discriminate between phytoplankton communities?

• A mission architecture that includes • continuous post-launch calibration

• solar & lunar calibration • vicarious calibration (field-based)

• algorithm development and maintenance• field validation

• measurement collections at sea• AERONET-ocean color• measurement protocol activities

• proven science data system • SeaWiFS, MODIS, VIIRS, Aquarius

PACE - end-to-end mission concept

Ocean color comprises up to ~10% of the top-of-atmosphere radiances, hence the rigor required in pre-launch characterization and post-launch calibrations along with field validation and algorithm development activities.

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Goals of the Pre-Phase A Studies

• As part of the Design-to-Cost process, the project will narrow the focus of the number of studies through an iterative process in order to:– Maximize the science capability

– Minimize the development risk

– Maximize the cost confidence

• This phase, culminated at the MCR, will provide an overview of the studies performed:– Demonstrate the iterative process has been performed

– Justify the decisions for recommended concepts

– Document trade studies planned to be performed in the subsequent phases A/B

May 19, 2015

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Pre-Phase A Trades

• The project is performing trades across all the elements:

– Launch Vehicle, Observatory Bus, Payloads (OCI,

Polarimeter), RF, and Ground System

– Trades focus on science capability, engineering, and

operations and how this affects cost, schedule and

risk

• Some trades for key elements will lead to procurement

recommendations and will be presented at the MCR,

KDP-A and the ASM

– Primarily focused on the Spacecraft, Polarimeter and

possibly Launch Vehicle

May 19, 2015

PACE Pre-Phase A Project Organization Chart

April 22, 2015 6

Mission Operations & Ground Operations

ManagerRobert Schweiss

Financial ManagerMarsha Gosselin

Support StaffAdministration - VacantPlan/Sch – Bill ParadisConfig. Mgmt.– Vacant

Project ScientistJeremy Werdell

Deputy Project Scientist (Ocean)Antonio Mannino

Deputy Project Scientist (Atmosphere)Brian Cairns

OCI StudiesRobby Estep

Mission CSOJohn Rauscher

Ocean Color Instrument (OCI) Project Manager

Robby EstepOCI Deputy Project Manager

Mike Hill & Phuc Nguyen

Project ManagerAndre Dress

Deputy Project ManagerKathy McIntyre

Deputy Project Manager ResourcesBill Sluder

Mission System Engineer

Peter SpidaliereDeputy MSELeslie Hartz

Observatory ManagerBeth Weinstein

Technical AuthorityReporting

Contract OfficersVacant

PolarimeterStudies Lead

Tom Dixon

Polarimeter Instrument Manager

Tom Dixon

Spacecraft Studies in

House LeadBeth Weinstein

Launch Vehicle Studies Lead

Kathy McIntyre

OPS & Ground Studies Lead

Robert Schweiss

Architecture & Requirements Studies Lead

Pete Spidaliere

Concept StudiesSpacecraft

Studies out of House Lead

Beth Weinstein

PACE Pre-Phase A Mission Activities

Develop Pre-Phase A studies schedule Building project leadership team

• Establishing high-level requirements and flow

• Refining in house spacecraft concept and cost estimates

• Release spacecraft RFI

• Assessing technology, concepts, and performance trade studies

• Developing operations concepts & acquisition strategies

• Developing risk assessments and risk mitigation plans

• Preparing cost estimates, budget submissions, and schedules

• Preparing products and document control plans

14April 22, 2015

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PACE Acquisition Options

Item Description AcquisitionApproach

Spacecraft BUS - Independent procurement- RSDO Rapid III- In-House Build- Contributed

Aerosol Instrument Polarimeter - Competitive (RFP or AO)- JPL Provided- Contributed

Launch Vehicle Falcon 9, Atlas - KSC/ULA- Provided by Spacecraft

Vendor (Delivery in Orbit)

April 22, 2015

Pre-Phase A Mission Schedule

April 22, 2015 16