Carbon Chemistry

Carbon Compounds

Chapter 4

Section 2

Organic Compounds

• Compounds that contain carbon

• 90% of all Compounds– Propane– Olive Oil– Wax– Cotton

“Organic”

• Means “of living things”

• Contains carbon

Organic Compounds

• Low melting points• Low boiling points

• Exist as gases, liquids, and solids at room temperature

Hydrocarbons

• Compounds made up of…– Hydrogen– Carbon

Hydrocarbons

• Can be…– Straight– Branched– Ring-Shaped

Flammable

• All hydrocarbons burn easily– Release lots of energy!!!

Hydrophobic

• Hydrocarbons mix very poorly with water– Rainbow-colored film

Molecular Formula

• Includes the chemical symbols and the number of atoms

• Propane– C3H8

Subscripts

• Propane– C3H8

• The little numbers

Structural Formula

• Shows the kind, number, and arrangement of atoms in a molecule

Isomers

• Compounds that have the same molecular formula, but different structures

• C4H10

– Butane– Isobutane

Saturated Hydrocarbon

• -ane • All single bonds

Unsaturated Hydrocarbon

• -eye, -yne • Double & Triple Bonds

Alcohols

• Hydroxyl group– -OH group

• Methanol– CH3OH

Organic Acids

• Carboxyl group– -COOH group

• Formic Acid• HCOOH

Monomers

• Single molecules of…– Alcohols– Esters– Organic Acids

Polymers

• Large molecules made up of “many” small molecules