Movement of Energy: Types of Mechanical Waves Lab

THIS BELONGS TO:

Group: F ~ G ~ H

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Types of Mechanical Waves LabBACKGROUND READING: A ____________ is a disturbance that moves through matter or space, carrying energy from one place to another.

For example, in a water wave in the ocean, energy is ________________ by water molecules when the wave crashes onto a rock at the beach. It may look like waves carry matter from one place to another, but that is not true: ______________________.

Waves are usually produced by something moving back and forth. The two main types of waves that we will study today are called “_______________ waves,” which means that these waves need to travel through matter in order to move their energy between two or more places. (Connection: Think of when we used the word “mechanical before” in weathering)

These waves come in many different ______________ and _____________, and depending on their characteristics, they can carry different types of energy (like light, sounds, radiowaves, etc). We will learn about all of the major types of waves in future lessons, but today will focus on the TWO main types.

There are TWO main types of mechanical waves: 1. ___________________

2. ___________________ (also sometimes known as longitudinal)

MAJOR WAVE TYPE 1: A ____________________wave is one type of mechanical wave, where particles move back and forth at ___________ angles to the direction that the wave travels. Examples of transverse waves are some seismic waves that move through the earth during an earthquake and electromagnetic waves: ______________, ____________ waves, and ______________.

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MAJOR WAVE TYPE 2: A _____________________ wave is a type of mechanical wave where energy moves along the _______________direction that the wave travels. An easy way to think of what a compressional wave looks like is to imagine a spring or slinky stretched out horizontally and then a burst of energy moved down one end. _____________ waves, waves causing _______________ and certain types of ______________ can transfer energy via compressional waves.

The Question

Word bank: shape direction of force

…………………….. direction of movement other: __________________

What is the effect of the properties (_______________, _______________,

_____________________) of a wave on the type of wave that is formed AND the

direction AND speed that the energy travels?

H Hypothesis :

Station 1: IF we observe a wave with

________________________________________________

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__________________________________________________________________ as its properties,

THEN they will form _____________________________________ type of waves BECAUSE

_______________________________________________________________________.

Station 2: IF we observe a wave with ________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________ as their

properties, THEN they will form _____________________________________ type of waves

BECAUSE _______________________________________________________________________.

Station 3: IF we observe a wave with ________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________ as its properties,

THEN they will form _____________________________________ type of waves BECAUSE

_______________________________________________________________________.

Station 4: IF we observe a wave with ________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________ as its properties,

THEN they will form _____________________________________ type of waves BECAUSE

_______________________________________________________________________.

Variables:Type of Variable

Definition of type What it is in this lab

Independent The thing we change on purpose to ask if it will make a difference

Dependent The thing we measure last

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Constant(s) The things we keep the same in order to be fair

Materials:Slinky Colored pencils Tape

PROCEDURE:STATION ONE [first three steps are already completed for you]

1. Cut a piece of transparent tape 32cm long. 2. Place two tables about 24 inches apart and stretch the tape between them.3. Stick pencils to the bottom of the tape, 2cm apart, so they are horizontal in reference to the floor.4. Tap the tip of ONE pencil at ONE end of the tape. This should produce a wave that travels to the end and reflects back. When a wave hits a boundary between media, all or some of the wave bounces back into the first medium. This is reflection.5. Do three trials tapping one end of the pencil. TIME how long (how many seconds) it takes for the wave to reflect back to the original pencil. RECORD on your data table. 6. Sketch what this type of wave looks like on your data table and write any observations.

STATION TWO [first three steps are already completed for you]1. Cut a piece of transparent tape 32cm long. 2. Place two tables about 24 inches apart and stretch the tape

between them.3. Stick pencils to the bottom of the tape, 2cm apart, so they are

horizontal in reference to the floor.4. Tap the tip of BOTH pencils at BOTH ends of the tape AT THE

SAME TIME. This should produce a wave, where something happens halfway through, instead of reflecting back like in station 1.

5. Do three trials tapping one end of the pencil. Write down what happens to the waves, instead of having the waves reflect back to their original end.

6. Sketch what this type of wave looks like on your data table and write any observations.

STATION THREE [first three steps are already completed for you]1. Cut a piece of transparent tape 32cm long.

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2. Stick pencils to the bottom of the tape, 2cm apart, so they are horizontal in reference to the floor.

3. Hang the tape from a table, so that one end is taped to the table and the other is hanging freely.

4. Tap the tip of ONE pencil at the end taped to the table. This should produce a wave that travels to the end and reflects back. When a wave hits a boundary between media, all or some of the wave bounces back into the first medium. This is reflection.

5. Do three trials tapping one end of the pencil. TIME how long (how many seconds) it takes for the wave to reflect back to the original pencil. RECORD on your data table.

6. Sketch what this type of wave looks like on your data table and write any observations.

STATION FOUR1. Have two people take one end of the slink and stand far enough

apart so that the slink is straight and does not droop. 2. Have ONE person push their end of the slink while holding onto the

end, trying keep the slinky as straight as possible. 3. Do three trials, passing energy from one end of the slinky to another.

TIME how long (how many seconds) it takes for the wave to reflect back to the original person. RECORD on your data table.

4. Sketch what this type of wave looks like on your data table and write any observations.

STATION FIVE HOMEWORK STATION: Reread the background text and do a 3-2-1 note taking half-sheet. (Write three facts, two new things you learned, one question, based off of the text)

Challenge question , if you finish homework early: How does changing the mass of our pencils affect wave velocity?

Redo-Station #1, but using straws instead of pencils. How does the speed that the wave reflects change when we use straws vs pencils? Make your own data table to record these 5 trials on a piece of loose-leaf (10pts extra credit

Results

Station 1 Speed (in seconds) that the wave needed to return to the starting point

Draw the shape of the of wave and use arrows to show the direction that the energy traveled

What was the direction that the force moved (circle one)

What type of wave is formed at this station? (circle one)

Trial 1

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Up and down

Side to side

Transverse

Compressiona

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Trial 2

Trial 3

Average speedChallenge question: What is at least one type of wave in nature that is the type of wave at this station? Cite your evidence with the paragraph # from the reading.

Station 2Speed (in seconds) that the wave needed to return to the starting point

Draw the shape of the of wave and use arrows to show the direction that the energy traveled

What was the direction that the force moved (circle one)

What type of wave is formed at this station? (circle one)

Trial 1

Up and down

Side to side

Transverse

Compressiona

l

Trial 2

Trial 3

Average speedChallenge question: What is at least one type of wave in nature that is the type of wave at this station? Cite your evidence with the paragraph # from the reading.

Station 3Speed (in seconds) that the wave needed to return to the starting point

Draw the shape of the of wave and use arrows to show the direction that the energy traveled

What was the direction that the force moved (circle one)

What type of wave is formed at this station? (circle one)

Trial 1

Up and down TransverseTrial 2

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Side to side Compressiona

l

Trial 3

Average speedChallenge question: What is at least one type of wave in nature that is the type of wave at this station? Cite your evidence with the paragraph # from the reading.

Station 4Speed (in seconds) that the wave needed to return to the starting point

Draw the shape of the of wave and use arrows to show the direction that the energy traveled

What type of wave is formed at this station? (circle one)

Trial 1

Up and down

Side to side

Transverse

Compressiona

l

Trial 2

Trial 3

Average speedChallenge question: What is at least one type of wave in nature that is the type of wave at this station? Cite your evidence with the paragraph # from the reading.

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CONCLUSION – write on a sheet of loose-leaf and staple on

Restate the lab’s question and your hypothesis State if your hypothesis were supported or not supported Summarize the methods Explain what you observed Describe any limitations of this model and/or future ideas for future experiments

Self and Peer Assessment Performance Rubric4 3 2 1

SELF Assess Performance

I was all FOUR of the following characteristics:

On-task/did not distract others

Completed work

Took detailed observations

Helped others in group when needed

I was THREE of the following characteristics:

On-task/did not distract others

Completed work

Took detailed observations

Helped others in group when needed

I was TWO of the following characteristics:

On-task/did not distract others

Completed work

Took detailed observations

Helped others in group when needed

I was ONE or less of the following characteristics :

On-task/did not distract others

Completed work

Took detailed observations

Helped others in group when needed

4 3 2 1PEER Assess Performance

This person was all FOUR of the following characteristics:

On-task/did not distract others

Completed work

Took detailed observations

Helped others in

This person was THREE of the following characteristics:

On-task/did not distract others

Completed work

Took detailed observations

Helped others in

This person was TWO of the following characteristics:

On-task/did not distract others

Completed work

Took detailed observations

Helped others in group when

This person was ONE or less of the following characteristics:

On-task/did not distract others

Completed work

Took detailed observations

Helped others in

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group when needed

group when needed

needed group when needed

______/ 8 pts

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