1. Canadas Economy & Society From 1867-1914

2. Canadas Westward Movement

Natl government led by John Macdonald (Conservative Party)

Eager to incorporate new western lands into the country

• Wanted to treat western Canada as colonies of Canada

• sent road surveying crew in 1869 into the region

3. Mtis

Descendants of Indians and French Trappers

Happily separate from the rest of Canada

• Lived in present-day Manitoba along the Red River Valley

Buffalo hunting and farming the river valley

Roman Catholics

Suspicious of government (with good reason)

4. Mtis Response:

Band of Mtis

• Led by Louis Riel

stopped crew and ordered them out of the area

Formed National Committee

• Notified Ottawa that it would not recognize its control over area

• Would not allow lieutenant-governor to enter territory

• • would use force if necessary

5. The Red River Rebellion

Nov 1869 Riel seized prisoners

Captured Upper Fort Garry

Issued a Declaration of the People

Announced provisional Red River Valley government

Used prisoners and Ft. Garry for negotiations with Macdonald

6. Martyr Thomas Scott

One prisoner: Thomas Scott was court martialed

Found guilty without being given the right to speak

Scotts execution led to further anti-Mtis and anti-Catholic feelings

Also led to sympathy from French Qubecois

7. Manitoba Act of 1870

Created Province of Manitoba

Gave federal representation, provincial assembly, bilingualism, and the right to maintain French and English speaking schools

Remainder of nw became territory of Canada

Resented by Ontario citizens

August 1870, Canadian troops moved into Manitoba

• Riel fled to US

8. The National Policy & Industrialization

Introduced March 1879

Encouraged the development of Canadian industry

Increased industrialization led to child labor abuses

Transition from agrarian to industrial families

Growth of cities

9.

Introduction of labor unions

• The Noble and Holy Order of the Knights of Labor

Boom in Canadian economy 1900-1912

• Large scale foreign investments

• wheat

Population growth

10. Immigration & Reform

US farmers attracted to region

• The 1872 Dominion Lands Act

• US farmers could sell land and buy cheap Canadian land

Large number of Eastern European immigrants

Immigration peaked 1905-1914

11.

Native Americans segregated on reservations

Blacks community miniscule

• Descendants of pre-Civil War slaves that had escaped using the Underground Railroad

Asian immigration limited by laws and head tax

1905 Eastern & Southern European immigration

Nativist organizations developed

• Canadian way of life

12. Reform of Manitoba Act of 1870

1890 Manitoba government stopped funding separate schools

We French Canadians belong to one country, Canada; Canada is for us the whole world, but the English Canadians have two countries, one here and one across the sea.

Demanded immigration restrictions, prohibition, end of prostitution; campaigned for social purity, Asiatic exclusion

• Linked vice, crime, and poverty

13. Education

Reformers pushed for improved schooling

• Schooling would help end societal ills:

• • Responsible for children of slum and ghetto dwellers

• • More suitable than factories, or roaming the streets

• • Learn skills to lift them from poverty

• • Assimilate immigrant children into Canadian society

Gained compulsory school attendance legislation in all provinces by 1914

14. Prohibition

Womans Christian Temperance Union (WCTU)

• Founded in 1874, 10,000 members by 1900

• • Helped grow womens suffrage movement

• Goal of prohibition

• Believed this would rid Canada of its social problems:

• • Crime

• • Domestic violence

• • Political corruption

• • Immorality

P.M. Laurier allowed national referendum on prohibition in 1898

WWI ended reform efforts