By: RMCMWOOT

Names of Team Members

How it was 1st discovered

Natural greenhouse effect

Global warming

Relationship between global warming and ozone depletion

Human impacts on global warming

How to reduce global warming

The Greenhouse effect was discovered by Jean Baptiste Joesph, Baron de Fourier, around the early 1800's. He suggested that the Earth's atmosphere acts like glass of a hot house because it lets through the light rays of the sun but retains the dark rays of the ground.

In 1853, John Tyndall carried out the first reliable experiment using infrared properties of water vapour and carbon dioxide, resulting in that water vapour is the key greenhouse gas.

There are two different terms for the word "greenhouse effect":

1. The Natural Greenhouse Effect, which refers effects that occur naturally on Earth.

2. Enhanced greenhouse effects, which result from human activities, more commonly called: Global Warming

The earth receives an enormous amount of solar radiation.Radiation leaving the earth takes on two forms:

Reflected solar radiationThermal black body radiation

Reflected solar radiationAccounts for about 30% of the Earth's total radiationThe other 70% of incoming solar radiation is absorbed.

Thermal Blackbody RadiationBecause the Earth's surface is much cooler than the sun's ( 284 K vs 5,780 K ) the Earth mush radiate its thermal energy at a much longer wavelength than the sun. Only about 6 % of the Earth's total radiation to space, is direct thermal radiation from the surface.The atmosphere absorbs 71% of the surface thermal radiation before it can escape. This means the blackbody radiator, so it re-radiates this energy.

The Earth's average temperature would be only about -15 degrees C

The oceans would freeze under those conditions.

Water Vapor H2O - 50%

Carbon Dioxide CO2 - 26%

Methane CH4 - 6%

Nitrous Oxide N2O - 5%

Ozone O3 - 3%

The Earth’s Climate is continually rising. Includes change in global air temperatures as well as increased annual precipitation in most locations, increased sea levels, and a variety of secondary effects. Global Warming is the result of the rapid change in the Earth’s climate.

Three areas that link global warming and ozone depletion: When global warming results from CO2 it is expected to cool the stratosphere. Leads to a relative increase in ozone depletion and the frequency of ozone holes.

Ozone Depletion represents a radiative forcing of the climate system. Two opposed effects:

Reduced ozone allows more solar radiation to penetrate – WARMS THE TROPOSPHEREColder Stratosphere emits less long-wave radiation – COOLS THE TROPOSPHERE

The cooling dominates: Stratospheric ozone losses over the past two decades have had a negative effect in the troposphere.

Global warming theories say that the stratosphere should cool, but it is difficult to say if the cooling is from global warming, because similar cooling is also caused by ozone depletion.

Most of the world (including most of the U.S., Canada, and Arctic region) became warmer.

Portions of southeast and south-central U.S. experienced a

slight cooling.

Overall increase in precipitation is expected because the warming of the air warms the surface waters of oceans and lakes, and warmer water evaporates faster and increases the water content in the atmosphere.

Winters have become shorter by about 11 days.

Earth’s Ice Cover is shrinking fast

Warming water is killing much of the coral in the ocean reefs and threatening sea life.

Mosquito-borne diseases have reached higher altitudes.

Rising sea levels are threatening to engulf Pacific Islands.

Extreme weather is becoming more common.

Earth balances energy received from the Sun with that transmitted into space.

Infrared lights: Light having wavelengths GREATER than 750 nanometers (red light), but less than about a million nanometers. Thermal Infrared: The energy emitted by Earth is not visible light; rather it is infrared light having wavelengths from 4 to 50 nanometers. Infrared light is the only way in which the planet can release energy. The amount of energy that our planet absorbs from sunlight and the amount that it releases by emitting infrared light must be equal if Earth’s temperature is going to remain constant.

The earth's surface temperature has increased 1 degree Fahrenheit in the last century. New and strong evidence supports that in the last 50 years human activities have increased the earth's temperature. Human activities have also changed the chemical composition in our atmosphere through build up of greenhouse gases like: carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide.

Some green house gases occur naturally like: water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide and ozone.

Carbon dioxide is released to the atmosphere when solid waste, fossil fuels (oil, natural gas, and coal), and wood products are burned.

Methane is emitted during the production and transport of coal, natural gas, and oil. Methane emissions also result from the decomposition of organic wastes in municipal solid waste landfills, and the raising of livestock.

Nitrous Oxide is emitted during agricultural and industrial activities, as well as during combustion of solid waste and fossil fuels.

Very powerful greenhouse gases that are not naturally occurring include hydroflurocarbons(HFC's), perfluorocarbons (PCF's), and sulfur hexafluoride (SF6), which are generated in a variety of industrial processes.

Pollution alone releases 60 million tons of carbon dioxide daily

That's 850 billion tons this century

The number of cars on earth will be doubled by 2030

CFC's trap 12,000 times the heat trapped by carbon dioxide

~link: http://globalwarming.enviroweb.org/ ....VIEW!

Approximately 15,000 pounds of carbon equivalent of green house gases are emitted by one person annually.

Emissions are increasing annually 4% each year

82% of emissions are from burning fossil fuels to generate electricity and to fuel our cars.

If the temperature continues to rise many things may occur:

Raise sea level, and change precipitation and other local climate conditions

Alter forests, crop yields, and water supplies

Could also affect human health, animals and many types of ecosystems

Likely to be an overall increase in precipitation and evaporation, more intense rainstorms, and drier soils.

In the house

Purchase products that display the Energy Star label

Insulate your home

Tune up your furnace

Lower the temperature on your hot water tank to 120 degrees

Purchase “Green Power” for your home's electricity if available from your utility

In the yard

Plant deciduous trees in strategic locations around your home

Use a composting lawnmower

Using a push mower instead of a power mower will reduce carbon dioxide emissions by 80 pounds per year

On the road

When you do drive, keep your car tuned up and its tires properly inflated to save on fuel costs

Carpool

consider transportation alternatives such as public transportation, bicycling or walking to work, bicycling or walking for errands

If purchasing a new vehicle, consider a fuel-smart car

At the Store

Recycle aluminum cans, glass bottles, plastic, cardboard, and newspapers

Buy food and other products with reusable or recyclable packaging, or reduced packaging, to save the energy required to manufacture new containers

Buy products made of recycled content

How it was 1st discovered

Natural greenhouse effect

Global warming

Relationship between global warming and ozone depletion

Human impacts on global warming

How to reduce global warming

• Baird, Colin: Chemistry in Your Life. United States America. 2002.• http://calspace.ucsd.edu/virtualmuseum/climatechange1/02.shtml• http://www.crystalinks.com/greenhouseeffect.html• http://en.wikipedia.org.wiki/greenhouse.effect• http://globalwarming.enviroweb.org/• http://www.john-daly.com/tar-2000/ch-1.htm• http://www.physicalgeography.net/fundamentals/7h.html• http://www.weatherquestions.com/

what_is_the_greenhouse_effect.htm• http://yosemite.epa.gov.oar/globalwarming.nsf/content/index.html