REGIONAL WORKSHOP ON RICE AND AQUACULTURE FOR CENTRAL, SOUTHERN AND

EAST AFRICALusaka, Zambia, 7-11 February 2011

By Patrick Chibbamulilo

Senior Programme Officer,JICA ZAMBIA OFFICE

RICE DEVELOPMENT IN ZAMBIA:

A CASE FOR JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION

AGENCY (JICA)

Presentation Outline

1. The Significance of Rice in Zambia

2. The Case for Rice – Why should we intervene to promote rice?

3. Why Poor Performance of Rice? – Overview of Value Chain Constraints

4. Are there Options for Rice Development?– strategy

5. JICA Activities and support to rice

6. Other Players 7. Conclusion

1. The Significance of Rice in Zambia Government Policy turning to favour/ recognize rice:

– Around 2004/5 Zambia included rice as one of the major food crops purchased by FRA (Govt Food Reserve Agency

– For most of the decade of 2000 to date, rice has been part of the GRZ Food Balance Sheet (indicator of food Requirements)

– 2010/11 season rice included in FISP, a GRZ subsidy program In recent years, growth in production and consumption

has accelerated. – In 20 yr period, 1988- 2008: rice production (grew 258%), from 9,

293 MT to 24, 023 MT )– In 3 yr period, of 2007 -2010, rice production almost tripled

(growing 288%) from 18,317 MT to 53,000 MT. Option for poor small-scale farmers; grown by 90% small

scales (up-to 13,358 farmers, MACO data of 2007/8 season)

2. The Case for rice: Why support rice ?

Although production has been increasing, it has been unsatisfactory:

Production increase was attributed to area rather than productivity

Consumption is higher than the supply, so Zambia has to import

Rice growing limited to few parts of Zambia The production is uncompetitive (imports are cheaper

than local rice)

Lets scrutinise each of these!

The Case for rice: (1) Low yield about 1MT/ha

Rice yield (MT per Ha)

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

2

Rice yield (MT per Ha)

No improvement in recent years! In 2008/9 yield was 1.35 MT /ha, 2009/10 it was 1.44 MT/ha (MACO, CFS 2010)IRRI : Africa Yield = 2.5 Mt/ ha ; World = 4.15 Mt /Ha , no much difference in region

The Case for rice: (2)Consumption-Supply Gap

Needs are met by imports: Demand is higher than production and met by

imports (CSO,ADS 2009)

-

5,000,000

10,000,000

15,000,000

20,000,000

25,000,000

30,000,000

35,000,000

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

Import net w t kg

Export net w t

Prod kg

Food Balance sheet for 2009/10 and 2010/2011 indicate rice demand of 54,000MT and 63,328 MT

The Case for rice: (2)Consumption-Supply Gap – Global (CARD)

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

18000

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

Year

(×1000

ｔ）

Producti onConsumpti on

Rice (Milled)

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

Year

(×1000

ｔ）

Producti onConsumpti on

Wheat

Widening Demand-supply Gap

(Rice and Wheat)Source: Coalition for African Rice Development (CARD) secretariat

The Case for rice: (3) Rice grown in few areas

Can we try other areas? e.g. in 2009, NERICA grew @ 4 - 5MT/ha Lusaka and Mazabuka

Map too big

The Case for rice: (4) Low Competitiveness

*There are indications that local rice is less

competitive going by imported rice which

competes favourably

3. Why Poor Performance of Rice – Value Chain Constraints

Farm level: – Diseases e.g. rice blast and Pest, – Inappropriate mgt skills, traditional (late planting, broadcasting planting, weed

control, untimely fertilization, untimely harvesting)– Technology inadequacies;

- particularly impure seed varieties with low yields (purify variety) - Tools largely hand hoes limiting to small areas,- Irrigation in case of droughts _reliant on rains

Storage for bulking not developed, leading to – high transactions costs for traders,– Information asymmetries (e.g. mystery where farmers have no mkt and traders

complain no produce)

Processing:– Old Machinery leading to poor quality e.g broken rice or lower extraction rates – Location far hence high transport costs (35% of paddy is husk)– Different quality / uniform seed lead to por quality processing (sorting / gradind

needed)

Uncoordinated Marketing for export (Zambia Rice Federation Just formed)

4.

:

4. Are there Options for Rice Development?– Strategy

All aspects of value chain

interventions

All aspects of value chain

interventions

Promoting Rice in Agro Ecol

Zones

Promoting Rice in Agro Ecol

Zones

Emphasis on capacity

development

Emphasis on capacity

development

Promotion of South-South Cooperation

Promotion of South-South Cooperation

Post-harvestPost-harvest

MarketingMarketing

On-farm technology

On-farm technology

InputsInputs IrrigatedIrrigated

Rain-fed upland

Rain-fed upland

Rain-fed Rain-fed

Japan committed itself to assist Africa to double rice production from the level of 14m MT in 2008 to 28 m MT by 2018. Coalition for African Rice Development (CARD) was formed in 2008 with secretariat in Kenya. The Strategic Framework for rice development is as below

Japan committed itself to assist Africa to double rice production from the level of 14m MT in 2008 to 28 m MT by 2018. Coalition for African Rice Development (CARD) was formed in 2008 with secretariat in Kenya. The Strategic Framework for rice development is as below

5. JICA and its Support to Rice (green shows interventions)

Value ChinValue ChinPromotion of South-South Cooperation

Promotion of South-South Cooperation

Emphasis on capacity

development

Emphasis on capacity

development

Promoting Rice in Agro Ecol Zones

Promoting Rice in Agro Ecol Zones

Inputs: NERICA Seed

Multiplication with ZARI

(30MT in 2009)

Inputs: NERICA Seed

Multiplication with ZARI

(30MT in 2009) On Farm:

- Demonstration,

- At least 50 Camp Extension Workers trained in NERICA

On Farm: - Demonstration,

- At least 50

Camp Extension Workers trained in NERICA

Upland Rain fed:in Non traditional areas

e.g. Chongwe

Upland Rain fed:in Non traditional areas

e.g. Chongwe

Low Land rain fed: Kosh rainfed in

Sefula

Low Land rain fed: Kosh rainfed in

Sefula

- Training in Japan - Support to NRDS- Visit by Expert

e.g. At FODIS

- Training in Japan - Support to NRDS- Visit by Expert

e.g. At FODIS

- Africa Rice Expert

- Training of CEO in

Uganda 8 visits

- Africa Rice Expert

- Training of CEO in

Uganda 8 visits

Value Chain Value Chain

Processing: Agro processing in

Sefula

Processing: Agro processing in

Sefula

Irrigation: In July/ Aug 2010 a Mission was sent to Zambia to assess prospects

Irrigation: In July/ Aug 2010 a Mission was sent to Zambia to assess prospects

5. A few Pictures about Japan’s Support

in September 2010: Expert From Africa Rice Training Camp Extension Officers (15)

5. A few Pictures about Japan’s Support

in September 2010: Expert From Africa Rice Training Camp Extension Officers in class

5.Pictures of JICA Support:

Through Support from Japan in 2009 Africa Rice collaborated with ZARI and ZAMSEED multiply NERICA seed. This a ZAMSEED contracted Farmer

JICA support to Training in Uganda JICA support to Training in Uganda

Zambian Researchers sent to Uganda in August 2010 to share with others

Current Activities of JICA

6. Other Players in Zambia

We would like to acknowledge other Players supporting the rice subsector (list not exhaustive):

SNV – Published a book on rice Growing, involved in capacity building and market linkage

Research In Use (RIU) – Working with COMACO to purify local varieties of seed “supa” and market linkage

development Production, Finance and Technology (PROFIT) – has been

supporting small to medium scale farmers in upland rice production

ZARI/ AGRA- Development and promotion of blast resistant and soil acidity tolerant upland rice varieties

NSTC – Evaluateion of upland rice varieties Development of Upland rice

Others not mentioned here

7. Conclusion

Rice is becoming an increasing important crop

in and can contribute to income and food

Security.

There is need to coordinate in the area of rice

development; whereby different players should

complement their efforts.

Thank you very Much !

THINK TOGETHER, WORK TOGETHER