bus accident in germany, july 2004 -...
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Civil Engineering Division
Directorate-General of Public Works and Water Management
Ministry of Transport, Public Works and Water Management
The Development of theStep Barrier
Fred VerweijRoad Design Department
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bus accident in Germany, July 2004
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Contents
• Roadside Design in The NetherlandsThe Need for a New Barrier
• Determining the Stepbarrier Profile– Existing Knowledge on Single Slope Barriers– Simulations
• Tests on the Stepbarrier– Check on the Barrier Profile– Full-scale Tests according to EN-1317
• Stepbarrier Types
• Summary
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Roadside Design in The Netherlands
6 m
35%
hazard curves
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100 km/h: B > 10.0 m120 km/h: B > 13.0 m
Roadside Design in The Netherlands
obstacle free zone > 10 m
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obstacle at safe distance
10 m10 m
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rigid obstacle at safe distance
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B > 25.0 mcentral reserve without obstacles
Roadside Design in The Netherlands
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large central reserve without obstacles
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• few space• maintenance
Practice:
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traditional Dutch guardrail construction
Roadside Design in The Netherlands
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Developments:• Preference: l – a – r – g – e obstacle free zones
Practice: few space available• More emphasis on: easy maintenance
The Need for a New Barrier
Until then: New Jersey barrier
Optimal construction?Most suitable for The Netherlands?
Trend: more use of concrete barriers
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Contents
• Roadside Design in The NetherlandsThe Need for a New Barrier
• Determining the Stepbarrier Profile– Existing Knowledge on Single Slope Barriers– Simulations
• Tests on the Stepbarrier
• Stepbarrier types
• Summary
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Determining the Barrier ProfileLiterature review by SWOV:• Ross e.a. (1989), Perera & Ross (1989)
–full-scale tests–simulations
• TRRL–full-scale test: vertical faced barrier
• INRETS–full-scale tests: SS 2 and 8o
Findings:• SS: smaller risk on roll-over (light vehicles)• Angles 0 - 11o: no big differences• Optimal angle: 8 -10o ???
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Determining the Barrier Profile
VEDYAC-simulations by SWOV
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barrier profiles considered
angle:2- 6- 11- 17 0
step:50 – 100 mm
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Step to avoid damage to the vehicle body
Determining the Barrier Profile
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Determining the Barrier Profile
EN-1317 tests:
• TB11: car, 900 kg, 100 km/h, 20o
• TB32: car, 1500 kg, 110 km/h, 20o
• TB61: heavy vehicle, 16000 kg, 80 km/h, 20o
Light test conditions to test the Step:
• Car, 900 kg, 80 km/h, 2 – 5 – 10o
VEDYAC-simulations by SWOV
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TB31: 1500 kg
TB61: 16000 kg
TB11: 900 kg
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Determining the Barrier Profile
• 2 6 11 17 o :– cars: more unstable crash, higher climbing
small differences between 2 and 6 o
– heavy vehicle: hardly any differences• Step at the base:
– 50 mm: no influence found on vehicle movements– 100 mm: negative influence (11 and 17 o)– good redirection at light impact conditions
VEDYAC-simulations by SWOV
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Determining the Barrier ProfileVEDYAC-simulations Full-scale tests (France)
small barrier angle
stable car crash
big barrier angle
low ASI
Stepbarrier:
– 8.1o (9.0 gon)
– step of 50 mm
step at the base
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Stepbarrier profile
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height
angle
vertical foot
Stepbarrier New Jersey
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Contents
• Roadside Design in The NetherlandsThe Need for a New Barrier
• Determining the Stepbarrier Profile
• Tests on the Stepbarrier– Check on the Barrier Profile– Full-scale Tests according to EN-1317
• Stepbarrier Types
• Summary
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Light impacts: 3 and 5o
• Renault 5: 3o, 45 km/h5o, 30 km/h
• Ford Fiesta: 5o, 30 km/h• Volvo 244: 3o, 50 km/h
5o, 30 km/h
Tests on the Stepbarrier
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Tests on the StepbarrierRenault 5: 3o, 45 km/h
video
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Tests on the StepbarrierVolvo 244: 3o, 50 km/h
video
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Full-scale tests according to EN-1317
Test H2: TB11, car, 900 kg, 100 km/h, 20 degrees
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Full-scale tests according to EN-1317
Test H2: TB11, car, 900 kg, 100 km/h, 20 degrees
video
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Full-scale tests according to EN-1317TB11: damage after impact
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Full-scale tests according to EN-1317
Test H2: TB51, bus, 13000 kg, 70 km/h, 20 degrees
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Full-scale tests according to EN-1317
Test H2: TB51, bus, 13000 kg, 70 km/h, 20 degrees
video
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Contents
• Roadside Design in The NetherlandsThe Need for a New Barrier
• Determining the Stepbarrier Profile
• Tests on the Stepbarrier
• Stepbarrier Types
• Summary
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Stepbarrier Types
Several types of Stepbarriers available:
• Slipform
• Prefab
• Steel
• Half Stepbarrier on bridges
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slipform
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Stepbarrier prefab
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Stepbarrier prefab
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Stepbarrier steel
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Stepbarrier steel
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Contents
• Roadside Design in The NetherlandsThe Need for a New Barrier
• Determining the Stepbarrier Profile
• Tests on the Stepbarrier
• Stepbarrier types
• Summary
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Summary• More Need for Safety Barriers:
– with a small working width– few maintenance
• Stepbarrier– is suitable for narrow cross-sections– meets EN-1317:
• safety level B: ASI = 1.4• width: 542 mm
– avoids unnecessary damage to vehicles– is available in several types