CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF

CONTAMINATED S O I L SAMPLES

"BURf l P I T "

SANTA SUSANA F I E L D L A B

A p r i l 28, 1982

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I . ASSESSMENT OF SAMPLING DATA

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- ASSESSMENT OF SAMPLING DATA

Altogether, 2,248 sample analyses were made. These have been thoroughly reviewed in order t o make an assessment of the seriousness of the soil contamination which occurred as a resul t of Rocketdyne's operations. A recapitulation of Rocketdyne's assessment follows. The assessment was made in three groups. Group 1 includes the hydrocarbon ser ies which measured thep g (microgram) o f each constituent per g (gram) of soil sampled. Group 2 includes the analysis of leachate extracts from the soil sample expressed as mg/l (milligram per l i t e r ) . In effect i t indi- cates the dissolved substance concentrations which could be discharged into the downstream environment. Group 3 i s the semiquanti tive measure- ment of the weight per cent which each element i s of the total sample.

I n group 1, twenty samples were analyzed for 63 hydrocarbon substances. Of these, 41 substances were not detected or were barely detectable a t trace levels. Only 4% of the 1260 analyses in this group showed u p in quantities greater than trace levels, the majority a t extremely low levels from 1 t o 5 mg/l . Only Acetone @ 160 mg/l , Methyl Ethyl Ketone @ 90 mg/l and Propanol @ 54 mg/l showed u p in one sample each. Each of these sub- stances i s not hazardous a t these low concentrations.

I n Group 2 , twenty samples were analyzed for 22 elemental substances and seven compounds. 51% of the analyses showed the substances t o be

p1. below the level of detection or a t trace quantities. The results can be summarized as follows:

a. The following substances ei ther are not hazardous, are below hazardous concentrations, are below drinking water standards or are not hazardous i f ingested in drinking water :

Chloride, n i t ra te , sulfate , beryl 1 ium, boron, magnesium, phosphorus, mercury, molybdenum, potassium, selinium, s i l icon, s i lver , t in .

b. In the samples of the following substances most samples are below detectable level s , some individual samples are s l ight ly hazardous, b u t the averages of a l l samples are below hazardous concentrations :

Fluoride, arsenic, a1 uminum, barium, titanium, zinc, for- mal dehyde, hydrazi ne.

c. I n the samples of the following substances most samples are below detectable levels, some substances are slightly above drinking water standards and a few analyses indicated marginal toxicity.

Cadmium, chromium, copper, iron, lead, nickel, mercaptans.

I n Group 3, nineteen samples were analyzed for u p to 24 elements found in the Earth's crust . The analysis consisted of semi-quantitative comparing weight % o f the substances found i n the samples (sample average and in- dividual sample maximum) with the weight % of the Earth's crust . Also,

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maximum sample we igh t % was compared w i t h average sample we igh t % t o determine i f l o c a l i z e d peaks were excessive.

Weight pe r cen t v a r i a t i o n s occu r r i ng n a t u r a l l y i n s o i l o r we igh t per cen t t y p i c a l f o r t h e Santa Susana F i e l d Lab area a re n o t known. However, a n a l y s i s 2-53-82 was taken i n an area b e l i e v e d t o be uncontaminated and i s t h e r e f o r e s u i t a b l e f o r making n a t u r a l background comparisons.

I n a d d i t i o n , t h e low l e v e l o f contaminat ion o c c u r r i n g a t t h e s i t e makes i t p o s s i b l e t o make some reasonable assumptions. V a r i a t i o n s up t o 3;5 t imes from the o v e r a l l e a r t h c r u s t we igh t pe r cen t average have been con- s i de red as normal v a r i a t i o n s n o t due t o human causes. Only t h r e e sub- stances, l e a d @ 16X, s i l v e r @ l l O X and boron a t 10X exceed these l e v e l s . The f o l l o w i n g t a b l e compares weight % i n the e a r t h ' s c r u s t w i t h t h e we igh t % l e v e l of d e t e c t i o n used i n t h e sample ana l ys i s . The amount i n t he E a r t h ' s c r u s t i n a l l th ree cases i s s u b s t a n t i a l l y l e s s than t h e l e v e l of de tec t i on . Since o n l y t h e l e v e l o f d e t e c t i o n amount was a v a i l a b l e f o r averag ing a l l samples an u n r e a l i s t i c a l l y h i g h average r e s u l t e d which should be d iscounted.

Sample Weight $A i n Weight % Avg. t o Level o f E a r t h ' s c r u s t Avg. Sampl e E a r t h ' s c r u s t De tec t ion

Weight %

Pb 0.001 6 0.026 16X 0.02

A8 0.00001 0.001 1 l l O X 0.0001

B 0.0003 0.0031 1 OX 0.003

The sample analyses were a l so reviewed from t h e s tandpo in t o f d e t e c t i n g any i n d i v i d u a l samples which were s u b s t a n t i a l l y h igher than t h e average o f a l l samples. Copper was 7.7X, n i c k e l 5 X , t i n 5X , s i l v e r 7X, and c o b a l t 7X the average. A l l o t h e r substances were no g r e a t e r i n an i n d i v i d u a l sample than t w i c e t he average. T i n and c o b a l t a re n o t harmfu l and do n o t m e r i t f u r t h e r rev iew. S i l v e r a t 0.5 mg/l i s used t o s t e r i l i z e wa te r and i s n o t harmful i n t h e concen t ra t ions found. N i c k e l and copper bo th a t about 95 ppm occur a t t h i s concen t ra t ion o n l y a t an i s o l a t e d sample each. Most o t h e r samples a re a t o r near t he average amounts conta ined i n t h e E a r t h ' s c rus t . Leachate a n a l y s i s f o r the sample (2-51-82 f o r copper and 2-47-82 f o r n i c k e l ) g i v e 1.9 mg/l f o r copper and 4 mg/l f o r n i c k e l , n e i t h e r one o f which repre - sents a h i g h degree o f hazard.

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11. SAMPLING M A T R I X

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SAMPLING MATRIX

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111. SAMPLING PLOT PLAN

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CHEMlCAL ANALYSIS Page 1 of 3 REPORT KO. 2-51-82

TO : ~ o l f Schmued DEPT . /GROUP: 541 FB-12 PHOSE :

1 78-5811

cc: M. Francis FROXI: SSFL ANALYTICAL CHEliiISTRY flEPT./GROUP: 539-169 PHOhT : 5447

REFEREGCE: LOG BK ' 82 PAGE 16 NOTEBOOK 0232 DATE: 4 / 1 2 /a2

SMIPLF: IDEhTIFICATION: #0229-19 Whitish-blue material found scattered throughout the trench.

Found 3' below the surface.

SAhlPLED ON: 2 / 5 / 82 BY: M, Francis (DATE) ( NAME )

RECEIVED ON: 2 // 5 / 82 AT: 2:Oo 8 6 / m (DATE) (TIME)

M r n O D S EMPLOYED -

1, VOUTILE ORGANICS - Extraction into methanol using ultrasonic vibration, followed by purge and trap concentration (8.83)* and analysis by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (8.25)*.

.- POLY?7VCLEAR ARCMATIC HYDROCARBONS - Extraction into methylene chloride followed by gas chromatographic analysis (8.10)*.

3, PHENOLS - Extraction into 0.1N NaOH using ultrasonic vibration, followed by solvent exchange to methylene chloride and gas chromatography (8.04)*.

4 . TOTAL MERCAPTANS - Extraction into methanol using ultrasonic vibration, followed by colori- metric determination using Elman's reagent, 5,s' - dithiobis (2-nitrobenzoic acid).

5 . PH'I'HAlATES - Extraction into methylene chloride using ultrasonic vibrstion, followed by silica gel clean-up and analysis by gas chromatography.

T I 6. METALS - Extraction into citrate buffer (pH = 4 , 48 hours) as described in California

Assessment Manual For Hazardous waste", California Department of Health Services, Hazardous Materials Management Section, June 1981, followed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry.

7 . A?r'IOTS, FORXALDEHl-DE AXD HIPFLAZINES - Extraction into deionized water using save time and proportions as in c6 above. Analysis by electrode (fluoride), turbidx~etry (sulfate), colorimetry (nitrate, hydrazine, formaldehyde) or titration (chloride),

duatbers In parenthese.- refer to methods found in EPA SW-816, 'vest Jlethods For E\ al~ating Solid haste", 19HO.

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CHEh11CAL ANALYSIS Page 1 of 3 REPORT

"A

TO : Rolf Schmued DEPT . 'GROUP : 54 1 FB-12 PHOhT : 78-5814

cc: M. Francis FRO'.l : SSFL PWLYTICAL MA;I STRS DEPT. /GROUP: 539-169 PHOhT : 5447

REFERENCE: LOG BK ' 82 PAGE 14 NOTEBOOK 0232 DATE: 4 / 12 / 82

SA??lPLE IDENTIFICATIOh.: #0229-17 line 5 x BC 3'. Black wet material which smelled (sic).

SAVPLEDON: 2 / 5 /82 BY: M. Francis (DATE ) ( N-4NE )

RECEII7ED ON: 2 5 / 82 AT : 2:OO 234 / w (DATE ) (TIME)

METHODS EMPLOYED

1. VOLATILE ORGANICS - Extraction into methanol using ultrasonic vibration, followed by purge and trap concentration (8.83)* and analysis by gas chrornatography/mass spectrometry (8.25)*. - POLYhTUCLEAR AROMATIC HI'DROCARBOKS - Extraction into methylene chloride followed by gas chromatographic analysis (8.10)*.

3. PHWOLS - Extraction into 0.1N NaOH using ultrasonic vibration, followed by solvent exchange to methylene chloride and gas chromatography (8.04)*.

4. TOTAL MERC4PTAh'S - Extraction into methanol using ultrasonic vibration, followed by colori- metric determination using Elman's reagent, 5,5' - dithiobis (2-nitrobenzoic acid).

5. ElTHAIdlTES - Extraction into methylene chloride using ultrasonic vibration, followed by silica gel clean-up and analysis by gas chromatography.

6. SlETALS - Extraction into citrate buffer (pH = 4 , 48 hours) as described in kalifornia Assessment Manual For Hazardous Waste", California Department of Health Services, Hazardous hlaterials Management Sectlon, June 1981, followed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry.

7. .A?ilOSS, FORULDEHYDE A?iD HiTIR4ZIXES - Extraction Into deionized water using same time and proport~ons as in #6 above. Analysls by electrode (fluoride), turbldi~etrg (sulfate), colorimetry (nitrate, h>drzzlne, formaldehyde) or titration (chloride).

vTII

.<L-hers in parentheses refer 10 ~ethods found rn EPA Sk-646, "Test Sfethods For Evaluating Solld haste", 1960.

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ASALYSIS RESULTS 10-105-81