Burcu Cetin

Goksen Dundar Nisan Gorsev Ayhan Yagiz

https://lsdreamswaterproof.wordpress.com

FINAL VIDEO: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q9x5eue7vWA

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Abstract

The main environmental problem that the world faces can be considered as climate change, which causes drought and lack of purified water and agriculture. Our team investigated this problem by asking specific questions. How can drought be prevented in less economically developed countries with minimum environmental damage? What measures could we take in order to evitate drought, economic crises, and other first world problems such as migration and diseases, all at the same time? When all of these questions were combined, our investigations narrowed down our region to North and East Africa and the Middle East, where countries are not economically developed and drought is present. Via this investigation process, we found out that there weren’t any technological developments that aimed to fight against all of these problems at the same time. This meant that we could create one product that fought against drought, economic disruption, and lack of purified water and agriculture, at the same time. Furthermore, our investigations also concluded that this service should be made via the least environmental damage possible. These findings meant that our service should have strict policies such as being self-sufficient (no use of outside energy or electricity) and zero waste.

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TABLE OF CONTENT

I. Introduction a) Background Information b) Outcomes c) Aims and Purposes d) Outline of Main Body

II. Main Body a) Procedures/Methods b) Results c) Discussion

III. Conclusion a) Achievements b) Significance of Findings c) Success

IV. Recommendations V. Bibliography VI. Appendice

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I. Introduction

Background Information: The world is facing a lot of environmental and economic problems that need to be solved. These problems create a dangerous environment for countries, and it also reveals a vicious cycle that is very hard to solve. Waterproof proposes a solution that will be very beneficial for both the environment and the economy of countries. Waterproof is an environmentally friendly project that designs a water turbine placed next to a salt water reserve such as the ocean or the sea and it aims to induce minimum damage and effects on the environment. Our project mainly targets the LEDCs in the Middle East such as Yemen, Kuwait, and Pakistan and in East Africa and North Africa such as Eritrea, Somalia, and Sudan. These places are less economically developed countries in which there is drought, the need of access to clean water, agriculture is not advanced, commerce is primitive, and lack of efficient food conservation present.Their distance to the salt-water reserves and weather conditions were also effective when these places were chosen. Outcomes:

Furthermore, in most cases of our world, drought leads to immigration, leaving the country more dependent on other countries and economies. People choose immigration as an alternative because it is the easiest way to escape from hunger and dehydration. When drought is limited to the minimum amount, this would decrease the number of people immigrating because they will have crops and water obtained by virtue of Waterproof.

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The aims of the investigation consist of helping countries to obtain salt from this solar-powered turbine, electricity, and clean water, which will help uplift the economy of the countries. With the obtained clean water it will be easier to grow and obtain corps in the drought areas. Waterproof does not use electricity or energy; so it does not waste any resources of the country. Finally, one last outcome of Waterproof is salt. This salt will fulfill two needs of LEDCs: commerce and control over epidemics due to bacteria on certain foods. Since these countries are not economically developed, they will benefit from salt. Salt is very valuable when it comes to commerce because its price is increasing day by day in the market. Thus, countries’ economies will improve. The second need is caused by the propagation of bacteria on foods that are hard to conserve such as meat and fish. In very hot climates, when meat and fish are not immediately consumed, bacteria can reproduce on them very easily. Salt has a valuable role in this: it decreases the production of bacteria and its transmission. In conclusion, the transmission and spread of diseases caused by food poisoning will decrease.

Aims and Purposes: Waterproof aims to develop the economies of LEDCs, to help them become self-sufficient, to help them fulfill their environmental and agricultural needs such as growing crops, obtaining purified water, and fighting against drought, and to obtain energy in an eco-friendly way. Outline of the Main Body: In the following section, we will be talking about the procedures and methods that we have used whilst planning our service product. Furthermore, we will elaborate on the results that we plan to reach. Finally, we will be discussing about judgments and interpretations about the future.

II. Main Body

Procedures/Methods: What we investigated

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Our main method of questioning and investigating was to define problems and propose compact solutions to them. We investigated main environmental problems: drought, lack of purified water and agriculture, economic disruption, immigration, and lack of efficient food conservation. Our targeted countries are countries located next to a salt water reserve and in which there are the aforementioned problems. Such countries are mainly located in the Northern and Eastern regions of Africa and the Middle East. First of all, we investigated the economic welfare status and gross domestic product (GDP) of countries located in such regions. According to the Data Bank of the World Bank, the GDP rates in 2016 were as followed according to regions:

Appendice 1

Secondly, we investigated the materials that will be needed while constructing our service product. Thirdly, we investigated what agricultural crops we would need to plant in these areas. We determined the use of water needed for each crop and selected the ones that needed the minimum amount of water per one hectare of landing. Finally, we investigated methods to prevent environmental, economic, and social problems such as drought, transmission of diseases, migration due to lack of agriculture and purified water, and economic disruption. Results: What we found Firstly, after examining the data of Appendice 1, we have concluded that the Middle East and North Africa, along with Sub-Saharan Africa, together, ranked

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as the lowest. Thus, our investigations helped us determine the region and countries in which we want to implement our product and carry on our project. Secondly, after designing the service product, we consulted mechanical engineers in order to improve product quality. The technical drawing of the Waterproof service product will be attached to the conclusion part of this document. We investigated what kind of solar panels to use, how many solar panels is needed, how strong the turbine should be etc…. Thirdly, according to our investigation about agriculture, we found out corn crops could be used as well as industrial farming of fruits and vegetables, using drip irrigation techniques, will provide a level of production to nearly satisfy domestic demand. We also found out that vegetable crops will be effective since they will provide the country with long-term loans and low-cost irrigation. Vegetable crops could be used since these LEDCs depend on one of the world’s largest irrigation systems to support production. These lists could increase with confabulating with countries. Fourthly, the drip irrigation system will be used because it prevents erosion and soil loss, minimizes the development of diseases, reduces the labor requirements, provides 50% of water savings, enables a significant increase in product quality, increases the usefulness of the available soil water, and obtains quality, efficient and standard product. This system, for climatic conditions, can be done easily in the desired amount. Furthermore, we found out that we need to follow some human resources strategies to meet our organizational goals. Restructuring strategies will include reducing staff and regrouping people. Training and development strategies will provide our staff with training and development opportunities that are necessary for our service. Recruitment strategies will help us recruit new hires that already have the necessary skills. Thus, outsourcing strategies will reach out to external individuals who volunteer to be a part of our organization, and collaboration strategies will help us collaborate with other groups and help our employees to gain skills and knowledge.

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Finally, we have concluded that the reverse osmosis technique would be the best for our product because it is a water purification technique that uses a semipermeable membrane and applied pressure to remove molecules and to overcome osmotic pressure. This is a thermodynamic process that is based on the differences of chemical potentials. The selective membrane will allow smaller parts of the solution such as the solvent molecules to pass freely; however, it should not allow large molecules. Sea water reverse osmosis (SWRO) desalination will be used in Waterproof. The process can be explained in six parts: intake, pretreatment, membrane assembly, remineralisation, disinfection, and alarm/control panel. Discussion: What interpretations and judgments we made After investigating and coming to conclusions, we have come up with several interpretations and judgments about our project. First of all, the cost of the project might seem as a hardship at first glance. However, Waterproof’s assets will only be used for the implementation of the service product and its equipment. The cash balance of €43 000 is required for all of the necessary equipment: vacuum, solar panels, water turbine, and membrane. However, for the implementation of the product, which consists of implementing pipelines, a water reservoir, and all the necessary equipments, costs €13 000. The cost of cultivation of the agricultural farm is included in the €13 000; it costs approximately €100 +/- €50 according to the region. Waterproof is a company that does not have any headquarters, it is a company run by online management due to reducing the costs and the environmental damage such as carbon emission. Thus, the donation acquired would be around €56 000 and as mentioned before our assets would only be used for the realisation of the project. When Waterproof receives funds and donations, the bank or companies might donate in the condition of receiving credit back in the future. Therefore, if there is the need to pay back, our non-profit company will be using the stockholders equity (the money that will not be used on the implementation or equipment).

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Furthermore, since Waterproof is a non-profit organization, the stockholders equity will only be used for the liabilities and further implementations of the project. The financial plan for the Waterproof is designed in order that it is non profit. However, it is perceptible that some part of the assets will be left after the implementation process. This balance will not be classified as profit but rather the remaining balance will be used for the next implementation of Waterproof. Waterproof has its main investment source as sponsored capital, which can be accumulated from venture capital groups, angel investors, NGOs and venture philanthropy groups such as The International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA), The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD), Solar Electric Light Fund (SELF), Bright Green Energy Foundation, and Sunlabob Renewable Energy. To conclude, even though the cost of the project might seem high, it is clear that this cost can be provided via many sponsors.

III. Conclusion Achievements We have achieved to design an environmentally friendly project that does not use any energy or electricity that is not renewable. One Waterproof service product meets the needs of one region of the country in regards of purified water, agricultural crops, energy, electricity, salt, and economy. Furthermore, this project is also an achievement because it is one of its kind: Waterproof is a unique design that has not been designed before. In general, even though these machines exist separately, their coexistence in one single product is new and unique. Significance of Findings Our findings helped us develop and elaborate on our product. Via findings mentioned in the “Results” part of the Main Body, our investigations came to a conclusion: even though the service product seems expensive at first glance,

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its advantages and benefits overcome this price in a short amount of time. The product quality is also in very high standards. Thus, we have concluded that after researching, our product model has significantly improved in a way that would cost the least damage and most benefits to the environment. Success After consulting many Turkish and European agencies on the mechanism of our project, we have concluded that the figure below is a good model of the 3D product.

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IV. Recommendations

Once our objectives are achieved, our next objectives will be to ensure the environmental sustainability within the country. This means that the service product will always be there even if the country has developed its economy and fulfilled its agricultural and environmental needs. Depending on the country it’s implemented in, Waterproof will develop the country’s economy and fulfill all necessary requirements. The time varies, as mentioned before, in regard of the country’s region and economical situation. In order to understand whether or not the economic and environmental requirements are met, our non-profit organization will be regulating the standards of the United Nations Environmental Programme (UNEP) and the United Nations for the economic welfare level. Our course of action could be found in the Gantt Task Chart below: Appendice 2

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VI. Bibliography

“Reverse osmosis.” Wikipedia,Wikimedia Foundation, 1ADAD, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reverse_osmosis.

“What is reverse osmosis? definition and meaning.” BusinessDictionary.com, www.businessdictionary.com/definition/reverse-osmosis.html.

Kershner, Kate. “How Reverse Osmosis Works.” HowStuffWorks Science, HowStuffWorks, 8 May 2008, science.howstuffworks.com/reverse-osmosis.htm.

“Drip irrigation.” Wikipedia,Wikimedia Foundation, 1ADAD, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drip_irrigation.

“Drip Irrigation.” What is Drip Irrigation? - Definition from MaximumYield, www.maximumyield.com/definition/771/drip-irrigation.

“Photovoltaics.” Wikipedia,Wikimedia Foundation, 1ADAD, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaics.

“What Are the Different Methods of Solar Power Generation? - Alternative Energy - ProCon.Org.” Can alternative energy effectively replace fossil fuels?, alternativeenergy.procon.org/view.answers.php?questionID=001272.

“Battery and Energy Technologies.” Hydroelectric Power Generation, www.mpoweruk.com/hydro_power.htm.

“IRENA/ADFD Project Facility - Funding Offer.” International Renewable Energy Agency, www.irena.org/ADFD/Project-Facility/Funding-Offer.

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Friedman, Daniel. “Well Pump Capacities in GPM or Water Delivery Rates Pump capacity charts & calculations for jet pumps & submersible pumps.” Well Pump Capacities in GPM or Water Delivery Rates, inspectapedia.com/water/Well_Pump_Capacity.php.

SunPower. “How Much Do Solar Panels Cost | SunPower Solar Blog.” SunPower - United States, SunPower, 16 Nov. 2017, us.sunpower.com/blog/2017/11/16/how-much-do-solar-panels-cost/.

Engineering ToolBox , www.engineeringtoolbox.com/index.html. “Wind Turbine Costs.” POWER COSTS FOR WIND AND WATER TURBINES, wdstudio.net/gulfstreamturbine/costs.htm.

“Membrane and Desalination.” Http://197.14.51.10:81/Pmb/CHIMIE/Traitement/Membrane%20and%20Desali nation%20Technologies.Pdf.

Doshi, Ashwin. “Reverse Osmosis Systems Manufacturer India.” Aqua FilSep Inc. - The Water Treatment Professionals, www.aquafilsep.com/reverse-osmosis-systems/.

“Water Cost Comparison”, www.tagosgroup.com/Water_Cost_Comparison.pdf.

“Reverse osmosis.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reverse_osmosis.

“IRENA.” Document, www.irena.org/documentdownloads/publications/re_technologies_cost_analys is-hydropower.pdf.

“Reverse Osmosis – Answers to the Top 20 Asked Questions:” Idaho Water Solutions RSS, idahowatersolutions.com/reverse-osmosis-faqs/. Home - “Sunlabob” , www.sunlabob.com/.

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Middle East Geology,

www.offshore-mag.com/articles/print/volume-55/issue-4/news/general-interest/ middle-east-geology-why-the-middle-east-fields-may-produce-oil-forever.html.

“Solar Electric Light Fund.” Solar Electric Light Fund RSS, self.org/#&panel1-2.

Bringing Solar Power, www.renewableenergyworld.com/ugc/articles/2014/11/40-companies--organiz ations-bringing-solar-power-to-the-developing-world.html.

“Projects & Operations.” Projects : Siddhirganj Power Project Additional Financing | The World Bank, projects.worldbank.org/P154127?lang=en.

“World Bank Group - International Development, Poverty, & Sustainability.” World Bank, www.worldbank.com/.

http://databank.worldbank.org/data/download/GDP.pdf

VII. Appendices

❖ http://databank.worldbank.org/data/download/GDP.pdf

❖ Gantt Task Chart; Waterproof Implementation Plan

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