brucellosis 100 to 200 cases occur each year in us worldwide distribution more common in countries...
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Brucellosis
• 100 to 200 cases occur each year in US• Worldwide distribution• More common in countries without good
standardized and effective public health and domestic animal health programs
• High risk areas: Portugal, Spain, Southern France, Italy, Greece, Turkey, North Africa, South and Central America, Eastern Europe, Asia, Africa, the Caribbean, Middle East
Brucellosis
• abortions, infertility, and lowered milk production
• 1952 annual cost $400 M• < $1 M today• 1956 – 124,000 infected
herds in US• 1992 – 700 herds• 2000 – 6 herds• Undulant fever in humans
(flu-like symptoms, months to yrs)
• Since 2002, 48 states brucellosis-free status
Brucellosis
• bison and elk in GYA• Maintain free-ranging
bison and prevent exposure to cattle
• 1934 Brucellosis Eradication Program for bison in YNP, include border control program
• Until 1988, few bison left YNP
Brucellosis
• 1996-97 bison herd at record levels• Harsh winter• 1,079 bison that left YNP were shot• 1,300 bison in YNP starved• >50% of bison herd (+)
Brucellosis
• Wind Cave NP and Custer State Park, SD
• Wichita Mountain Wildlife Refuge, OK
• UV-B and temp important in determining how long Brucella viable in fetal tissue
• 3 days (late spring) to 78 days (mid-winter)
• Fetuses scavenged, avg 15 days
Brucellosis• Greater Yellowstone Interagency
Brucellosis Committee (GYIBC) = NPS, USFWS, USGS, USFS, USDA APHIS, Idaho, Montana Wyoming
• Developed Interagency Bison Management Plan (IBMP) to further the goals and objectives of the GYIBC. Agree on core principles:
– Conservation of viable wild and free-ranging elk and bison herds in the GYA
– Maintenance of a viable livestock industry in the GYA
• Commitment to the eventual elimination of brucellosis from bison and other wildlife.
Bovine TB in MN• Fall 2006: Ban on rec. feeding
in 4,000 mi2 area• 2006-07: aerial survey = 900+
deer in core area; 29 illegal bait sites
• Feb 2007, contract with APHIS-WS = sharpshooting in core area
• Removed 488 deer (6+)• Fall 2007, new deer permit
area created for TB zone• 1,166 deer harvested (4+)• Prevalence estimated at
0.37%• Jan 2008 aerial survey = 800+
deer in core area
Bovine TB in Manitoba
• Since 1991, Manitoba 40 elk and 8 white-tailed deer have tested positive for bovine tuberculosis in the Riding Mountain area.
Bovine TB in MI
• History of bovine TB in Michigan cattle
• Bovine TB into wild deer herd; reservoir for reinfection of cattle
• 1975 TB + deer, Alcona Co.
• 1994 TB + deer, Alpena Co.
• Triggers testing of deer
Bovine TB in MI
• Michigan Bovine TB Eradication Project
• Multi-agency team of experts from the MDA, DNR, DCH, MSU, USDA
Bovine TB in MI
• Surveys of deer pop.• Testing of harvested
deer• Ban baiting• Reduce interactions
with cattle (conc. feed)
• Testing of cattle herds, depopulate if +
Bovine TB in MI• Coyotes as sentinels• 58 of 175 coyotes tested positive• Prevalence by county ranged from
19% to 52% (mean 33%, SE 0.07) • Prevalence in deer (n = 3,817)
was lower (i.e., 1.49%• Focus on coyotes rather than
deer, sampled 97% fewer individuals and increased the likelihood of detecting M. bovis by 40%.
• Sentinel coyote surveys have the potential to be practical indicators of M. bovis presence in wildlife and livestock.
VerCauteren et al. 2008