Doon Gibbs

Brookhaven National Laboratory Overview

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Aerial View of Brookhaven Lab

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Brookhaven Lab at a glance Brookhaven National Laboratory -- founded in 1947

~2980 employees

>4000 scientific facility users annually

S&T Portfolio

• Photon Sciences

• Nuclear & Particle Physics

• Energy & Climate Sciences- Physical Science

- Applied Science

- Nanoscience

- Life Sciences

- Environmental Science

• National Security

Seven Nobel Prizes garnered

• 12 Scientists honored (users & staff)

• First in 1957, latest in 2009

FY09 New Funding

$610M (Ops & Constr.)

$231M (ARRA Ops & Constr.)

$841M (Total)~3/4 from Department of Energy (DOE) Office

of Science

High Energy Physics 9%

Nuclear Physics

31%

Biological & Environmental Research

4%

Basic Energy Sciences 26%

Safeguards &Security 2%

Other Office of Science 2%

EnvironmentalManagement 3%

National Nuclear Security Administration 8%

Other DOE3%

Work forOthers 12%

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Mission

Strategy

To be the provider of choice for world-class science and facilities in support of the DOE Office of Science’s mission to enable breakthroughs that ensure our Nation's future

Vision

Advance photon sciences, energy, and environment-related research and

apply them to 21st Century problems of critical importance to the Nation

Advance fundamental research in nuclear and particle physics to gain a deeper

understanding of matter, energy, space, and time

Position BNL’s two largest user facilities – National Synchrotron Light Source

(NSLS) and Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) – for continued leadership

roles

Focus on five Major Activities built on Core Capabilities

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Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC)

Since 2000, exploring new

frontiers in the fundamental

structure of matter

• World-wide collaboration of 1000-plus

scientists, engineers and students

The nature of the Universe at the

birth of protons and neutrons

• A 4-trillion °C “Perfect Liquid”

composed of quarks and gluons!

• •Exotic antimatter and hints of

broken symmetry

Future upgrades: RHIC II (now),

eRHIC

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National Synchrotron Light Source (NSLS)

Crucial resource for the Northeast• 2,200 users in FY 2009

• 400 institutions - academic, industrial, government

• > 950 publications in FY 2009

• ~ 20% in premier journals

Vital for diversity of programs

• Chemistry, physics, nanoscience, energy science, structural biology, environment and other BNL facilities

• The Nobel Prize in Chemistry has been awarded twice based on NSLS research (2003 & 2009)

What’s next: NSLS-II

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NSLS-II: Enabling a Nanoscience Revolution World’s brightest light source

• 10,000 brighter than NSLS

• 1 nanometer resolution

• Synergy with Center for Functional Nanomaterials

- Characterization of new materials, reactions, processes

- Energy focus

$912M total project cost

• $150M Recovery Act funding

• Economic stimulus, jobs

• June 2009 groundbreaking

• Operations in FY15

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Center for Functional Nanomaterials

Mission: To develop and share materials and processes at the nano-scale to address the nation’s critical needs• User-oriented facility

• Focused on energy

• Offers materials preparation, characterization, theory and development of new techniques

Science Themes• Electronic nanomaterials

• Soft/Bio nanomaterials

• Interface science/catalysis

Facts• Full operations began May `08

• 50-60 staff

• Over 200 users in FY2009 with substantial growth expected

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Brookhaven’s Strategic Energy Plan

BNL Initiatives- Correlated Electron Materials: Grid

- Materials for Catalysis

- Solar Nano-materials

- Energy Storage Materials

BNL Energy Vision: effective use of renewable energy through

improved conversion, transmission, and storage

Energy Strategy Materials Focus

CFN/Nanoscience

NSLS II

New York Blue

Core

Programs

Collaborators/Joint Appointments

Aligned with DOE PRDs/Grand Challenges

BNL participation in 4 EFRCs

Discovery to Deployment

Complex / Correlated Electron Materials

Extreme physical behavior

Cu : High-Tc Superconductivity

Mn: Colossal Magneto-Resistance

Co: Giant Thermopower

Ti: Giant K, Ferroelectrics

Key Scientific Issues:

Inhomogeneities and Competing Orders

Low Dimensional Phenomena

HTS Pairing Mechanism

Quantum Criticality

Synthesis

Characterization Theory

Complex Unit Cells

Strong Electronic Correlations

- emergent behavior

Synthesis frontier:

50,000 ternary oxides

2,000,000 quaternary oxides

BNL Synthesis Capabilities

MBE Bozovic 2003

Exploratory Synthesis

Petrovic 2002

Single Crystal Growth

Genda Gu 2001PLD Weidong Si 2000

Intermetallics

Meigan Aronson 2007

Nanomaterials

Stan Wong 2000

Complex Materials: Discovery to deployment

Interface Superconductivity• Superconductivity at an interface between

two materials that are NOT superconducting

American Superconductor: CRADA

Licensing BNL Technology for Gen 2 wires

M-I bilayer

metal

insulator

Temperature [oK]

Resis

tance [O

hm

]

Bozovic et al., Nature (accepted)

Superconducting Cables• Increasing the capacity of the grid

LIPA Installing longest HTS

cable in live grid!

American Superconductor

Materials for Catalysis: Pt Monolayer Fuel Cell Electrocatalysts

Advance: nanostructured electrocatalysts reduce barriers to fuel cell use:

• Ultra low Pt content – reduce fuel cell cost

• Improved activity– higher efficiency Several types of O2 Reduction Electrocatalysts

Pt on Pd or Pd alloy nanoparticles

Mixed-metal Pt on Pd nanoparticles

Pt on non-noble metal – noble metal core-shell

Pt monolayer-equivalent clusters on NbO2

Pt ML on Pd interlayer on Pd or Alloy NPs

Pt

Pd

Pt/Pd

fuel cell

tests

3000 hrs

H2/air

PIs: Adzic, with Sasaki, Vukmirovic, Wang

Electrochim. Acta 52, 2257 (2007)

Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 44, 2132 (2005)

J Phys. Chem. B 109, 22701 (2005)

Atomic scale chemical imaging CFN STEM Facility

Z=78

Z=46

b

Intensity profiles from scans (a); best fits (b) to structure models

points exp., black with Pt ML, pink with Pd ML, green: core only

Pt ML

on

Pd NP

Pt

Pd

Ir

Pt and PGM mass activities:

1.2 A/mgPt at 0.90 V;

0.35 A/mgPGM at 0.90 VDOE Target 2015: 0.45 A/mgPGM

Synthesis scale-up milestone achieved: 2-5 g in one batch

Several promising fuel cell tests in industrial labs

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Mission: to bridge the gap from discovery to deployment

Major Research Areas:

Superconducting Materials Grid Cables

Thermoelectric Materials Heat Recovery

Nanomaterials Science Photovoltaics

In-situ Battery Materials Grid Storage

Supported by real world connections

Alternative Energy R&D

LIPA Installing longest

HTS cable in live grid!

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Environmental & Life Sciences

What will be the extent and the effects of rising

temperature, CO2, methane, and ozone on

natural ecosystems?

Climate Science – cloud & aerosol science

Plant Biology – imaging, microbial and plant

genetics, improving food and fuel crops, FACE

technology

Computation – climate modeling

Leverages NYCCS, NSLS, NSLS-II and CFN

Integrates core capabilities to study and provide

solutions to impacts of climate change

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National Security and Nonproliferation – DOE Programs

Nuclear Detector Materials

Research - NA-22

Radiological Assistance Program

RAP Region 1, “Boots on the

Ground” Deployments – NA-42

Nuclear Safeguards - Securing

Nuclear Materials Worldwide -

NA-24

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Translational Biomedical Imaging

Three core elements

Radiotracers (developed at BNL)

Clinical and preclinical

neuroscience

Physical sciences

and instrumentation

Notable accomplishments

Neurochemistry of addiction/obesity

Advances in treatment

Noninvasive awake-animal imaging

3-D atlas of mouse brain

Important part of the portfolio

Needs broader support base

and new partnerships

Digital rendering of mouse brain

Instrumentation for preclinical and clinical

neuroimaging

Depleted dopamine activity across drugs and in obesity

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Physics of the Universe

BNL research aligned with national strategy

• Energy, intensity, and cosmology frontiers

Leading role in ATLAS detector and dark matter candidate particle search

Major U.S. partner in Daya Bay experiment

Developed US approach to very long baseline n oscillations (Fermilab to DUSEL)

• Key role in detector design and construction

• Search for CP violation in neutrino sector, possibly associated with matter-antimatter asymmetry

Key role in LSST (Gen-4 Dark Energy exp.)

• 3 GigaPixel focal plane detector camera

Advanced accelerator R&D (n factory/m collider) for next-generation energy frontier facility

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Backup

BNL Impacts: Future Vehicle Fleet

Lithium Ion Battery Pack

improved electrodes and

electrolytes

Hydrogen Storage

understanding of alanate

storage

mechanisms/catalysis

Thermoelectric heat recovery

nanostructured high

thermopower materials

Fuel cell catalysts

stable nanocatalysts with

high activity, low loading

Direct ethanol fuel cells

nanocatalysts for C-C bond

breaking

Biodiesel

Efficient plant/produce

engineering

Superconductors

Reliable grid to bring

power to charge

batteries for plug in

hybrids

Largest user of petroleum is transportation (drives fuel switching)

Energy lost is greater than energy used (drives efficiency, recovery and storage)

Hydrogen Hybrid Electric…

BNL Impacts: Future Office Building

Office buildings consume the most energy of all building types:

19 percent of all commercial energy consumption

Superconducting Grid

Elements

Reliable grid to bring power

to building

More efficient transformers

Superconducting

Electronics

Power electronics

Solar Energy Conversion

Photovoltaics/solar thermal

panels

Solid-state lighting

High efficiency, high

color quality Biofuels

Biofuels replace

imported petroleum

Biofuels

Efficient combustion