bromeliads, backyards, and mosquitoes · bromeliad-inhabiting mosquitoes at a vero beach residence...
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Bromeliads, backyards, and mosquitoes
Roxanne Connelly, PhD
Professor
University of Florida, IFAS
Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory
Vero Beach, FL
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circa 1825, Geographical, Statistical, and Historical Map
of Florida.Map Credit: Courtesy of the Special Collections Department, University of South Florida.
Digitization provided by the USF Libraries Digitization Center.
“land of swamps, of
quagmires, of frogs, and
alligators and mosquitoes.”
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Jackson
Calhoun
Franklin
Gadsden
Gulf
Leon
Wakulla
Alachua
BakerBay
Bradford
Brevard
Broward
Charlotte
Citrus
Clay
Collier
Columbia
Dade
De Soto
Dixie
Duval
Escambia
Flagler
Gilchrist
Glades
Hamilton
Hardee
Hendry
Hernando
Highlands
Hillsborough
Holmes
Indian River
Jefferson
Lafayette
Lake
Lee
Levy
Madison
Manatee
Marion
Martin
Monroe
Okaloosa
Okeechobee
Palm Beach
Pasco
PinellasPolk
Putnam
St. Johns
St. Lucie
Santa Rosa
Sarasota
SeminoleSumter
Suwannee
TaylorUnion
Volusia
Walton Washington
Liberty
Orange
Osceola
Nassau
Florida Mosquito Control Districts
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Flor ida Medical Entomology Laboratory
Culex nigripalpus
1
2 3
4
1st – 4th Instar
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80 species of
mosquitoes reported to
occur in Florida
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• Biology• Egg laying/water• Distribution• Seasonality• Blood hosts• Generations• Pest status• Disease status
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Culex bahamensis
Aedes albopictus
Orthopodomyia signifera
Aedes taeniorhynchus
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October 2015
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Culex Mosquito Ovipositing
Permanent water eggs
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Culex Mosquito Ovipositing
Floodwater eggs
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Mosquito eggs and water sources
Permanent Water• Ponds
• Lakes (edges)
• Rivers (backwaters)
• Swamps
• Standing water
• Eggs cannot dry out
• Hatch within 24 – 48 hours
Floodwater• Low lying areas of pastures
• Salt marsh
• Containers
• Moist soils; eggs must dry out
• Sides of containers
• Areas that will be flooded one day
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Container mosquitoes
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19961986
Counties with Aedes albopictus
Spread of Aedes albopictus in Florida
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Larval habitats of container mosquitoes
•Bromeliad plants can house container mosquitoes in the water-holding tanks
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Original Painting by: William H. Bond
As Published in National Geographic
1975 147(3):393
Used with Permission of National
Geographic
http://entnemdept.ufl.edu/frank/bromeliadbiota/bromter.htm
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Container mosquitoes
•Aedes albopictus•Aedes aegypti•Wyeomyia vanduzeei•Wyeomyia mitchellae•Some Culex
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Major Pests in Florida
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Vectors in Florida
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1800s
1900s2000s
•Dengue•Malaria•Yellow
Fever
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1800s
1900s2000s
• Dengue• Malaria• Yellow
Fever
• Dengue• Dog heartworm• EEE• Malaria• SLE
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1800s
1900s2000s• Dengue
• Malaria• Yellow Fever
• Dengue• Dog heartworm• EEE• Malaria• SLE
• Chikungunya• Dengue• Dog heartworm• EEE• Malaria• SLE• West Nile
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http://diseasemaps.usgs.gov/
http://diseasemaps.usgs.gov/mapviewer/
West Nile Virus (WNV)
St. Louis Encephalitis (SLE)
Eastern Equine Encephalitis (EEE)
Western Equine Encephalitis (WEE)
La Crosse Encephalitis (LAC)
Powassan Virus (POW)
Dengue Fever (locally acquired) (DEN-loc)
Dengue Fever (imported) (DEN-imp)
Chikungunya (locally acquired) (CHIK-loc)
Chikungunya (imported) (CHIK-imp)
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Chikungunya and Dengue Vector: Aedes albopictus, the Asian tiger mosquito
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Chikungunya, Dengue, and Yellow Fever Vector: Aedes aegypti, the yellow fever mosquito
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Dog Heartworm
• Dirofilaria immitis, a nematode worm, is the causative agent.
• Mainly dog to dog transmission but with other reservoir and amplification hosts.
• Many mosquito species serve as competent vectors.
• Effective prophylactic drugs are available.
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IGR – Insect Growth Regulators-Pre-Strike-Altosid
Bti – bacteria-Mosquito bits or dunks
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Mosquitoes in bromeliads and other containers
•Remove containers
•Modify containers
•Replace water in bird baths
•Clear leaves from roof gutters
• Tighten tarps
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Neoregelia plants at a residence in Vero Beach, FL
Species
Pe
rce
nt
of
the
mo
sq
uto
-po
sitiv
e p
lan
ts (
n =
40
)
0
20
40
60
80
100
Wy. mitchellii
Wy. vanduzeei
Ae. albopictus
Ae. aegypti
Cx. quinquefasciatus
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Bromeliad-inhabiting mosquitoes at a Vero Beach residence
Pre-treatment Post-treatment
No. of Neoregelia plants sampled 40 40
No. of plants positive for mosquitoes 40 1
Overall species composition – No. larvae and pupae
Wy. mitchellii 62
Wy. vanduzeei 518
Ae. albopictus 267 4
Ae. aegypti 104
Cx. quinquefasciatus 681
Total number of mosquitoes collected 1,632 4
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Mosquito information resources
• http://mosquito.ifas.ufl.edu
• http://fmel.ifas.ufl.edu
• http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu
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Please help spread the word
about what homeowners and communities can do to reduce disease transmitting
mosquitoes!!