booklet of debate between u oo thar htwan&ashin nyanisara

8/3/2019 Booklet of Debate Between U Oo Thar Htwan&Ashin Nyanisara

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/booklet-of-debate-between-u-oo-thar-htwanashin-nyanisara 1/42

q & mBu D; O D; O D; o mx Ge f; \

& Si f; v i f; a jz Mu m; c su f

a x & 0 g' A k' o mo e m & c kdi fjy n fw Gi fx Ge f; u m; v my kHE Si fhy w fo u fí

q & ma w mfO D; Ó P do m& \ a r ; jr e f; c su fr sm; t a y :

ESpf (20) ajrmufESpf (20) ajrmufESpf (20) ajrmufESpf (20) ajrmufq&m}uD;OD;OD;omxGef;usqk H;jcif;q&m}uD;OD;OD;omxGef;usqk H;jcif;q&m}uD;OD;OD;omxGef;usqk H;jcif;q&m}uD;OD;OD;omxGef;usqk H;jcif;

0rf;enf;atmufarhzG,ftxdrf;trSwf0rf;enf;atmufarhzG,ftxdrf;trSwf0rf;enf;atmufarhzG,ftxdrf;trSwf0rf;enf;atmufarhzG,ftxdrf;trSwf



a x & 0 g' A k' o mo e m & c kdi fjy n fw Gi fx Ge f; u m; v my kHE Si fhy w fo u fí

q & ma w mfO D; Ó P do m& \a r ; j r e f; c su fr sm; t a y :

q & mBu D; O D; O D; o mx Ge f; \

& Si f; v i f; a jz Mu m; c su f

ESpf (20) ajrmufESpf (20) ajrmufESpf (20) ajrmufESpf (20) ajrmufq&m}uD;OD;OD;omxGef;usqk H;jcif;q&m}uD;OD;OD;omxGef;usqk H;jcif;q&m}uD;OD;OD;omxGef;usqk H;jcif;q&m}uD;OD;OD;omxGef;usqk H;jcif;

0rf;enf;atmufarhzG,ftxdrf;trSwf0rf;enf;atmufarhzG,ftxdrf;trSwf0rf;enf;atmufarhzG,ftxdrf;trSwf0rf;enf;atmufarhzG,ftxdrf;trSwf



ykHESd yfrSwfwrf; ykHESd yfrSwfwrf; ykHESd yfrSwfwrf; ykHESd yfrSwfwrf;

'k wd ,t}udrf 'k wd ,t}udrf 'k wd ,t}udrf 'k wd ,t}udrf 2010 = ckESpf/ 2010 = ckESpf/ 2010 = ckESpf/ 2010 = ckESpf/ - -- -o*wf (pf ) o*wf (pf ) o*wf (pf ) o*wf (pf )

tk yf a& tk yf a& tk yf a& tk yf a& 1000

xk wf a0ol xk wf a0ol xk wf a0ol xk wf a0ol okawoeESifh rS wf wrf;Xme

&ckdifjynfvk H;qk dif&m ausmif;om;ESif h vli,frsm;tpnf;t&kH; (&/ u/ v/ p) All Arakan Students' & Youths' Congress (AASYC)

pmpD pm&k d uf pmpD pm&k d uf pmpD pm&k d uf pmpD pm&k d uf

&ckdifjynfvk H;qk dif&m ausmif;om;ESif h vli,frsm; tpnf;t&k H; (&/ u/ v/ p)

&Jabmf/ &Jr,frsm;

quf oG ,f &ef vd yfpm quf oG ,f &ef vd yfpm quf oG ,f &ef vd yfpm quf oG ,f &ef vd yfpmP.O Box - 135

Mae Sot

Tak - 63110 Thailand

Phone: (66) 08 240 540 97,Email: [email protected]



&ckdif = jrefrmy¾dwf

OD;OD;omxGef;

(1917=1990)

q&m}uD;.&ck difjynfESif h &ck difvlrsKd;rsm;twGuf ay;qyfpGef‹v$wf q&m}uD;.&ck difjynfESif h &ck difvlrsKd;rsm;twGuf ay;qyfpGef‹v$wf q&m}uD;.&ck difjynfESif h &ck difvlrsKd;rsm;twGuf ay;qyfpGef‹v$wf q&m}uD;.&ck difjynfESif h &ck difvlrsKd;rsm;twGuf ay;qyfpGef‹v$wf tepftemcHr+rsm;tm; rdrdwkd‹tepftemcHr+rsm;tm; rdrdwkd‹tepftemcHr+rsm;tm; rdrdwkd‹tepftemcHr+rsm;tm; rdrdwkd‹

&ck difjynfvk H;qk dif&m ausmif;om;ESif h vli,frsm; tpnf;t&k H;rS &ck difjynfvk H;qk dif&m ausmif;om;ESif h vli,frsm; tpnf;t&k H;rS&ck difjynfvk H;qk dif&m ausmif;om;ESif h vli,frsm; tpnf;t&k H;rS &ck difjynfvk H;qk dif&m ausmif;om;ESif h vli,frsm; tpnf;t&k H;rStpOf xm0& OD;nGwftav;jyK *k%fjyKtyfygonf?tpOf xm0& OD;nGwftav;jyK *k%fjyKtyfygonf?tpOf xm0& OD;nGwftav;jyK *k%fjyKtyfygonf?tpOf xm0& OD;nGwftav;jyK *k%fjyKtyfygonf?

q&m}uD; aumif;&mok*wd a&mufygap?q&m}uD; aumif;&mok*wd a&mufygap?q&m}uD; aumif;&mok*wd a&mufygap?q&m}uD; aumif;&mok*wd a&mufygap?



trSmpm trSmpm trSmpm trSmpm

&ckdiftrsKd;om;rsm;onf vGefcJhaomESpfaygif; axmifESifhcsDI uk d ,f hxD;/ uk d,f heef;/ uk d ,f h-uiSef;jzifh urBmh tv,f wGif xnf0gpGm &yfwnf cJh-uonf? &ck difvlrsKd;rsm;onf rdrdEk difiH/ rdrdvlrsKd;uk d cspfjrwfEk d;aompd wf "mwfjzifh Zmwd aoG;Zmwdrmefjyif;xefpGm }uD;us,fcrf;em;aom &ck difEkdifiH awmf}uD;uk d xdef;odrf;umuG ,fapmifha&SmufcJ h-uonf? rdrdEk difiH/ rdrdvlrsKd; .EkdifiHa&;/ pD;yGm;a&;/ vlr+a&;ESifh ,Ofaus;r+ tarG tESpfrsm; wk d;wuf

jrifhrm;vmatmif }udK;yrf;cJh-uonf? xdef;odrf;cJh-uonf? xkd ok d‹aexkdif vmcJh-u&m (1784) wGif trsKd;om;pnf;vk H;nDnGwfr+_ydKuGJ_yD; Armbk&if bkd;awmfarmif0kdif;.-um;0ifzsefajzay;ra,mifESifh odrf;ykd ufjcif;ukdcHcJ h& onf? xkd tcsdefrSp_yD; t*Fvdyfe,fcsJ ‹/ zuf qpf*syefe,fcsJ ‹/ ArmvlrsKd;}uD; e,fcsJ ‹/ Armppf0g'De,fcsJ ‹vufatmuf wGif uGsefb0jzifhaexkdifvmcJh-u onfrSm ESpfaygif; (225) -umvmcJ hyg_yD? xkd okd ‹usL;ausmfe,fcsJ‹-uolrsm; tm; &ckdiftrsKd;om;rsm;onf rckcHrwGef;vSefbJ acgif;ik H‹cJ h-uonfawmh r[kwfacs? uG sefb0ouf wrf;wavSsmufvk H;wGif e,fcsJ ‹rsm;tm; ckcH wGef; vSef,if;usqkH;cJh-uaomtmZmenf tajrmuf tjrm;&SdcJh-uonf? xk duJ hokd ‹ 'l;raxmuf vufrajrmufpd wf"mwfjzifh &ef ole,fcsJ‹tm; awmfvSef ,if; tmZmenfyD opGm vkyf}uHcHvk duf&olrsm;xJ wGif q&m}uD;OD;OD;omxGef;vnf; wpfOD;tygt0ifjzpfygonf?

q&m}uD;uk d rnf onf htwGufa-umifh vkyf}uHowfjzwfcJ h&yg oenf;?

q&m}uD;onf orkdif;ynm&Sifvnf;jzpfonf? pmayynm&Sif

vnf;jzpfonf? trsKd;om;acgif;aqmifqk dvSsifvnf; [k wfonf? q&m}uD;onf '¾m&DykHjyifrsm;uJhokd ‹oabmxm;ae-uaom

&ckdiforkdif;ukd EkdifiH wumokawoDynm&Sdrsm;vufcHEk difavmufatmif pepf wusokawoejyKwifjycJhygonf? q&m}uD;a-umif h &ck dif orkdif;onf yk drk d awmufyvmcJ honf? &ck difvlrsKd;rsm;.trsKd;om;a&;Zmwdrmefonf yk drk d Ekd;-um;apcJh onf?

q&m}uD;onf rdrdvlrsKd;/ rdrdbmomomoemtwG uf toufuk d

pGef‹&ef 0efrav;cJ hol/ pGef‹0H hcJ holvnf;jzpfonf? q&m}uD;onf&k d;om;wnf

(u)



-unfoljzpfonfESif htnD trSefw&m;uk dvnf; jrwfEk d;cJh onf? r[k wf rw&m; pGyfpG Jvmol/ rdrdvlrsKd;.*k%fa&mifxGef;ajymifcJhaomorkdif;ukd r+ef 0g;atmifjyKvkyfvkd olrsm;uk d acgif;tk H‹rcHbJ jywfjywf om;om; wnfwnf

_idrf_idrfjzifh jyefvnf&Sif;vif;jycJh onf? xkdxkdaomta-umif;t&if;wkd ‹onf Armppf0g'D/ ArmvlrsKd;}uD;

0g'Drsm;twG uf q&m}uD;tm; vkyf}uH owfjzwf&ef vkHavmufjynfhpk Haom tjcif;t&mrsm;jzpfcJhonf? q&m}uD;touf&Sifaejcif;onf &ck difvlrsKd;rsm; twG uf tif tm;wpf&yfjzpfap_yD; ol wkd ‹twG uf rnf ok d‹rS s rausmfjzwfEkdif aomtqD;twm;wpfckjzpfapcJh onf?

q&m}uD;onf (1990) -o*wf (pf) (14) &ufae‹wGif xkd ol

wk d‹.vufcsuf a-umif h usqk H;cJh&onf? (2010) -o*wf (pf ) (14) &ufae‹onf q&m}uD;usqk H;jcif; ESpf (20) ajrmuf 0rf;enf;atmufarhzG ,fae‹jzpfygonf?

rdrdwkd ‹&ckdiftrsKd;om;rsm;taejzifh ESpf (20) ajrmuf q&m}uD; OD;OD;omxGef;ae‹wGif “ax&0g'Ak'< omoem &ckdifjynf wGif xGef;um;vm ykHESif h ywf oufI q&mawmfOD;^m%d om&.ar;jref;csufrsm;tay: q&m }uD;OD;OD;omxGef;.&Sif;vif;ajz-um;csuf”rsm;tm;pmtkyfi,ftjzpf

xkwfa0vSsif wpfpk Hwpf&m tusKd;&S drnf[k ,lqygonf? rdrdwkd ‹&ckdiftrsKd;om;rsm;. ork dif;tm;ysuf&,fjyK&ef &nf&G,f csufjzifh pdefac:&efa&muf&Sdvmq&mawmfrsm;tm; q&m}uD;.jyefvnf&Sif; vif;r+rsm;onf &ck dif ork dif;tm; arS;rSdefroGm;&k H omru ykdrkdxGef;vif; awmufy&efyifjzpfcJh onf? r&kd;rom;aomenf;jzifh csOf;um;vmaom q&m awmf}uD;rsm;vnf; q&m}uD;.ynmtvif;a&mifa-umif h vrf;a-umif;rSef wpfck uk d csOf;uyfEkdifcJ h-uonf?

q&m}uD;onf rdrdwkd ‹vlrsKd;/ pmay/ ,Ofaus;r+/ "avhxkH;wrf; wk d‹tm; txifrao;&ef txl;vk d tyfa-umif;ESif h xdef;odrf;umuG ,f wm; qD;&efvk dtyfa-umif; q&m}uD;.&Sif;vif;ajz-um;csuf u oufaocHae onf? ol wpfyg;uGsef rjzpfvkdaom&ck diftrsKd;om;rsm;.trsKd;om;a&;pdwf "mwf onf vlrsKd;jcm;rsm;.apmfum;jcif;uk d ikH ‹cHaeIrjzpfa-umif; OD;aqmif vrf;jyjyKcJhonf? rdrd,Ofaus;r+tarG tESpfrsm;uk d wefzk d;xm;wwf&ef/ av; pm;*k%f,lwwfap&ef toufESif h&if;I jyocJ honf?

&ckdiftrsKd;om;rsm;.ork dif;/ pmay/ ,Ofaus;r+tarGtESpfrsm;

tm; Armppf0g'D/ ArmvlrsKd;}uD;0g'Drsm;.pDrH udef;&Sd&S d zsufqD;ae-uonfh

(c)



tcsdef/ EkdifiHjcm;ukr` %Drsm;u ArmppftkyfpkESifh aygif;_yD; &ckdifjynfwGif pD;yGm;a&;*kyfaoG;pkyftjrwfxk wf&ef}udK;yrf;aer+rsm;tm; &ckdiftrsKd;om;rsm; jzpf-uaom&ckdif/ _rdK/ ouf/ crD/ 'kdif;euf/ r&rRm/ urefwk d‹. pnf;vk H;

nDnGwfr+jzifh bufaygif;pkHrS umuG,f-u&ef txl;vk dtyfygonf? &ckdiftrsKd; om;vGwfajrmufa&;onf &ck dif trsKd;om;rsm;. vufxJwGif&Sd onf? &ck dif h tcsKyftjcmtm%mjyefvnf&&Sda&;onf &ckdiftrsKd;om;rsm;.orkdif;ay; wm0efwpf&yf jzpfayonf?

onfpmtkyfxkwfa0&mwGif tcsdefvkI jyifqif&kd ufESdyf&jcif; a-umifh pmvkH;aygif;owfykH trSm;tcsKd‹&SdEk difygonf? xkd ‹jyif q&m}uD;. toH oGif;acGtm; rl&if;twk dif; jyefvnf&k d ufES dyfrnf qk dvS sifvnf; pmracsm

bJ zwf& &+& tqifrajyrnfjzpfrnfpkd;I jyefvnfyk HpHcsa&;om;xm;jcif; a-umifh trSm;t,Gif; tenf;trsm; &Sd aernfjzpf&m pm&+olrsm;taejzifh em;vnf/ onf;cH/ cGif hv$ wf ay;-uyg&ef rdrdwk d‹ &ck difjynfvk H;qk dif&m ausmif;om;ESif h vli,frsm; tpnf;t&kH;rStEl;tnGwf awmif;yeftyfyg onf?

ok awoeES if h rS wf wrf ;Xme ok awoeES if h rS wf wrf ;Xme ok awoeES if h rS wf wrf ;Xme ok awoeES if h rS wf wrf ;Xme

&ckd if jynf vk H ;qk d if &m ausmif;om;ES if h vl i,frsm; tpnf ;t&k H; &ckd if jynf vk H ;qk d if &m ausmif;om;ES if h vl i,frsm; tpnf ;t&k H; &ckd if jynf vk H ;qk d if &m ausmif;om;ES if h vl i,frsm; tpnf ;t&k H; &ckd if jynf vk H ;qk d if &m ausmif;om;ES if h vl i,frsm; tpnf ;t&k H;

(*)



(1984) ckESpf 'DZifbmv (26) &ufae‹wGif Armjynf oJ ukef;

oyd wf tk difawm&q&mawmf t&Sifnm%d\& trª;jyKaom q&m}uD; (4) yg;onf ajrmufOD;od k‹ bk&m;zl;a&muf&S d-uygonf? xd kpOf &ckdifjynf omo ema&;udpPESif h &ck dif = jrefrmy¾d wfOD;OD;omxGef;tm; ar;cGef;}uD; (6) cGef; ar;cJhygonf? xdk ar;cGef;rsm;ud k q&m}uD;onf wpfae&mwnf;rSae_yD; ajz -um;cJhygonf? ,if;od k‹ q&mawmfOD;nm%d\&tar;ESif h q&m}uD;. tjynfh tpHk ajz-um;csufrsm;udk jyefvnfI q&m}uD;u toH oGif;ay;cJh onf? q&m}uD;onf &ckdifpum;jzifhtoHoGif;cJ honf ud k jrefrmjynf&Sd wd kif; &if;om;rsm;tm;vHk; zwf±+Edkif&eftwG uf jrefrmpum;ajyjzifh jyefvnfa&; om; wifjyvdk uf&jcif;jzpfygonf?

q&mawmf OD ;nm%d \&. ar;cGef ;}uD ; (6) cGef ; q&mawmf OD ;nm%d \&. ar;cGef ;}uD ; (6) cGef ; q&mawmf OD ;nm%d \&. ar;cGef ;}uD ; (6) cGef ; q&mawmf OD ;nm%d \&. ar;cGef ;}uD ; (6) cGef ; ar;cGef ; (1) ar;cGef ; (1) ar;cGef ; (1) ar;cGef ; (1)

&ckdifjynfomoemonf ax&0g'Ak'< omoemrS qif;oufvm aomomoemr[k wf r[m,ef*d k%f;rS qif;oufvmaomomoemjzpf onf? Tta-umif;udk ajz&Sifay;yg?

ar;cGef ; (2) ar;cGef ; (2) ar;cGef ; (2) ar;cGef ; (2) Ak'<.ygVdawmf t@uxmESif h o*F g,emajcmufwefponf wdk ‹

wGifryg&SdbJ &ck difjynfok d‹ jrwfpGmbk&m; -uGa&mufvmcJ h onf[k &ck difjynf wGif a&;om;ajymqd kae-uonfrSm bk&m;a[mw&m;awmfESifhrukd ufnDyg? Tta-umif;ud k ajz&Sif;ay;yg?

ar;cGef ; (3) ar;cGef ; (3) ar;cGef ; (3) ar;cGef ; (3) Ak'<.ygVdawmf t@uxmponfwd k‹Y ryg&S dbJ jrwfpGmbk&m; onf pEN ol&d,rif;}uD;ESif hawG‹qH k_yD; r[mjrwfrkedbk&m;ud k oGef;vkyfcJ honf [k a&;om;ajymqd k-uonf? Tta-umif;udkvnf; ajz&Sif;ay;yg?

ar;cGef ; (4) ar;cGef ; (4) ar;cGef ; (4) ar;cGef ; (4) o*F g,em ajcmuf wef om urBmu twnfjyKonf? &cd kifjynf

wGif o*Fg,emwifcJh onf[k a&;om;ajymqd kae-uonf? Tokd ‹ajymqkd ae

(1)

&ckd ifjynf vkH ;qkd if&m ausmif ;om;ES ifh vl i,f rsm;tpnf ;t&kH ; &ckd ifjynf vkH ;qkd if&m ausmif ;om;ES ifh vl i,f rsm;tpnf ;t&kH ; &ckd ifjynf vkH ;qkd if&m ausmif ;om;ES ifh vl i,f rsm;tpnf ;t&kH ; &ckd ifjynf vkH ;qkd if&m ausmif ;om;ES ifh vl i,f rsm;tpnf ;t&kH ;



-ujcif;onfvnf; r[mtrSm;jzpfonf? Tta-umif;udkvnf; ajz&Sif;ay;

yg?

ar;cGef ; (5) ar;cGef ; (5) ar;cGef ; (5) ar;cGef ; (5) &ckdifjynf&Sd "mwfawmfrsm;ud k ausm±d k;awmf"mwf/ OD;&mZfawmf

"mwf/ vnf ±d k;awmf"mwfponfjzifh trsKd;rsKd;trnfay;xm;-uonf? T ta-umif;udkvnf; ygVdawmf t@uxmponfwd k‹wGif rawG ‹&I ajz&Sif;ay; yg?

ar;cGef ; (6) ar;cGef ; (6) ar;cGef ; (6) ar;cGef ; (6) &cdkifjynfwGif toHk;jyKaomydËuwfygVdawmfrsm;rSm jrefrmrljzpf

oavm/ rnf onf hrljzpfoenf;/ o*Fg,emajcmuf wef wGifygaomrljzpf oavm ajz&Sif;ay;yg?

uwd ES pf ck awmif ;cH jcif ; uwd ES pf ck awmif ;cH jcif ; uwd ES pf ck awmif ;cH jcif ; uwd ES pf ck awmif ;cH jcif ; t&Sifbk&m; wynfhawmftm; ar;xm;aomar;cGef;rsm;ud k vG ,f

ulpGmajz&Sif;Ekdifygonf? od k‹aomf t&Sifbk&m;u wynf hawmf tm; uwdESpf ck ay;&ygrnf? od k‹rS om wynf hawmfajz-um;ygrnf? uwdrsm;udk r,lyg qdkv#if wynfhawmfwcGef;r# jyefrajzyg bk&m;? q&mawmf u rnf uJh okd ‹ aomuwdrsm;vJ[k ar;aomtcg yxruwdrSm wynf hawmf ajymaom pum;ud k wpfvHk;r# r,H kygbl;qd kaom uwdyg? tb,fa-umifhTuwd rsKd;udk awmif;&ovJqk d onf ud k OyrmjyKygrnf? jrwfpGmbk&m;ocifonf‘auorkwW d’okwWef udk umvrykÀm;&GmY oH o,uif;&Sif;&efa[mcJhyg

onf? q&m/ rdb tp&S daomolrsm; tpOftqufrjywfajymaompum; rsm;ud kvnf; r,HkESifh/ igbk&m;a[monf[lIvnf; r,HkESifh/ pmtkyf}uD;Y yg&Sd onf[lIvnf;r,H kESif h tp&Sd onftm;jzifh a[m-um;cJhygonf? ig bk&m;a[monf[lIvnf; r,H kESif hqdkv#if tb,f ud k ,H k&ygrnfenf; ar; p&m&Sdygonf? bk&m;&Sifu usKd;a-umif;pyfu,Hk/ a-umif;usKd;pyfrS ,kH[k a[m-um;cJhygonf? usKd;a-umif;/ a-umif;usKd;pyfI rSef uef aompum;rSm bk&m;pum;omjzpfygonf? bk&m;.pum;onf rSm;onf[lI r&S dyg?

xkd ‹a-umif h wynfh awmfajymaompum;rsm;ud kvnf; TOyrmY&Sdaom ,k wW d oH k;yg;ESif hwuG bk&m;&Sifonf aemuf qH k;y&dedA Š mefrpHrSD okbEN&[ef;

(2)

ax&0g'Ak'< omoem &ck d if jynf wGif xG ef ;um;vmykH ax&0g'Ak'< omoem &ck d if jynf wGif xG ef ;um;vmykH ax&0g'Ak'< omoem &ck d if jynf wGif xG ef ;um;vmykH ax&0g'Ak'< omoem &ck d if jynf wGif xG ef ;um;vmykH



}uD;tm; a[mxm;onf htwdkif; r[mya'ow&m;av;yg;ESifh jynfhpH k

v#if ,H kygqk daomuwd udk cHapcsifI ajym-um;jcif;jzpfygonf? xd k‹a-umif h wynfhawmfajymaompum;&yfY Tt*F g&yfESif h jynf hpH krSom,Hkyg? rjynfh pHkygu r,H kygESifh[k qd kvd kjcif;jzpfygonf bk&m;? okd ‹r[kwfygu wynf h awmfrSm tusKd;rjzpfbJ tjypfomjzpfygonf? tb,fa-umif hqd kaomf wynf h awmf onf bk&m;r[kwfaoma-umifhyg bk&m;? Ak'<pum;onf wcGef;wnf; ESifh rSef uefygonf? wynf hawmf onf ykxkZOfjzpfaoma-umifh trSm;&Sdyg rnf? ,if;trSm;ud k axmufjyv#if wynf hawmf 0rf;omygrnf? xd k‹a-umif h t&Sifbk&m;onf wynf hawmfajymaompum;rsm;udk ,k wW d oH k;yg;ESif hrudk uf nDv#if r[mya'ow&m;ESif hrudk ufnDv#if t&Sifbk&m;xyfI ar;cGef;xk wf yg? wynf hawmfpum;udkxyfI ar;cGef;rxk wfv#if wynf hawmf ajymaom pum;ud k t&Sifbk&m;vufcH ,H k-unf_yD; rSef uef onf[k rS wf ,l&ygrnf bk&m;? Tuwd ud k t&Sifbk&m;wd k‹xHrS &,l&ygrnf? xk d tcg ppf ud kif;q&m awmf}uD;u q&mawmfOD;nm%d\&tm; uwdcH ,l&efajymygonf?

'kwd ,uwdrSm Tae&mY rajymaumif;aompum; jzpfyg onf? t&Sifbk&m;u ajymomajymyg udpPr&Sd[k qd kv#if wynf hawmfajymyg

rnf? q&mawmf}uD;rsm;u ajymyg[kqkd ojzifh q&m}uD;uxyfI ajymyg onf? &ck difjynfonf ukdvk deDpepfESif h tkyfcsKyf_yD; uGsef ouf&SnfvmcJ honf rSm ESpfaygif; (200) &Sdyg_yD t&Sifbk&m;? ESpf aygif; (200) twGif; jynf axmifpkwkdif;&if;om;rsm; jrefrmjynfvGwfvyfa&; awmif;qk dcJ h-uaomtcg &ckdifvlrsKd;rsm;vnf; yg0ifcJ hygonf? vG wfvyf a&;&onfh tcsdefwGif &ckdif vlrsKd;rsm;vnf; jynfe,fawmif;cJh-uygonf? okd ‹aomf &ck dif uk d jynfe,f ray;cJhyg? Tpum;rsm;uk d rajymtyfbJESif h ajymae&ygonf? &Srf;/ ucsif/

u&ifwkd ‹u jynfe,f&_yD; &ck dif u jynfe,fr&&Sdjcif;onf pmtm; jzifh vnf;aumif;/ tajctaetm;jzifhvnf;aumif; &ck difjynfonf tvGefao; i,faoma-umifhavm/ tvGefedrf h usaoma-umif havm ay;vnf;ray;tyf[k txifrSm; tjrifrSm; jzpf-u&ygonf? rqvtpk d;&wufvmaomtcg &ckdifjynfukd jynfe,f ay;tyfcJ hygonf? ok d‹aomf wkdif;ESifh jynfe,f (14) ck wGif rzG H‹_zdK; rwk d;wuf qk H; jzpfaeygonf?

t&Sifbk&m; ,ckxk difaeaomae&mrS taemufodk ‹ aemufjyef -unfhvdk ufyg? &Spfaomif;bk&m;}uD;&S dygonf? ausmuf wH k;}uD;rsm;jzifh vd k%f txyfxyf wnfxm;ygonf? xd kbk&m;.aemufrSm xkuUef odrfbk&m;/

(3)




&wemyHkbk&m;ESif h tHawmf odrfrsm;udk jrifawG‹&ygvdrf hrnf? ,ck tcsdef uJh odk ‹

rzGH‹_zdK;ao;bJ ao;i,faeaomtcsdeftcgwGif wnfxm;cJhaomtaqmuf ttH krsm; r[kwfyg? TuJ hodk ‹}uD;us,faomtaqmuf ttH krsKd;ud k omref bk&ifrsm;rwnfEdkifyg? eef;awmfukef;ud k wnfaqmufxm;aomausmuf wH k;rsm;ud kvnf; t&Sifbk&m;jrif_yD;jzpfygonf? ,if;a-umif h Ttaqmuf tOD;rsm;udk wnfaqmufcJ haomtcsdef onf &ck difYud k ,f hrif;udk ,fhcsif;/ ud k,f h xD;udk ,f heef;ESif h udk ,f hbmomomoemESif h }uD;yGm;xGef;um;aeaomtcsdef jzpfaeonfudk t&Sifbk&m;pd wfrSm rS wfxm;&ygrnf? odk ‹rSom wynfhawmf ajymaompum;rsm;ud k oabmaygufem;vnfygvdrfhrnf?

xkd ‹a-umif h &ckdifwd k‹onf a&S;tcgu crf;em;}uD;us,fcJ honfud k pdwfxJY rSwfxm;&efuwd udk cH ,lygbk&m;? q&mawmfrsm;u 'kwd ,uwd ud kvnf; cH,la-umif;ajymygonf?

q&m}uD; OD ;OD ;omxG ef ;. jyef vnf ajz q&m}uD; OD ;OD ;omxG ef ;. jyef vnf ajz q&m}uD; OD ;OD ;omxG ef ;. jyef vnf ajz q&m}uD; OD ;OD ;omxG ef ;. jyef vnf ajz- -- -um;csuf um;csuf um;csuf um;csuf &ckdifjynfonf olwyg;vufatmuf usa&muf onf h &ckdifouU

&mZf (1146) ckESpf (c&pfouU&mZf = 1784 ckESpf ) rSpI omoem nd ‡K;EGrf;

cJh onfrSm ,ae‹wkdifjzpfygonf? omoema&;qk dif&mpmtkyf wpf tkyfr# rxGufcJhyg? xk dacwfrSp_yD; pmay0goemtvGefygolrsm;onf aypmrsm;ud k wqif h ul;,l_yD; pmrl wpfck udk ig;apmif/ q,fapmifponfjzifh yGm;cJh-u&yg onf? pmyH kES dyfacwf uk da&mufaomtcg a[mif;EGrf;aeaompmayrsm;ud k vnf; xyfrul; yH kES dyfpmtkyf uvnf; rxG ufEkdif onf h twG ufa-umif h ta[mif;ta[mif;jzpfaompmayrsm;vnf; uG ,f_yD; topf opfjzpfaom pmayrsm;vnf;rxGufonfh twG uf a-umif h &ck difpmayuG ,faysmufvkrwwf

jzpfcJhygonf bk&m;? od k‹aomf &cd kif trsKd;om;ork dif;okawoDrsm;u &ckdif wdk ‹.omo ema&;/ bmoma&;pmayrsm;udk okawoevkyf-uygonf? okawoevkyf enf; (2) rsKd;&Sdygonf bk&m;? wrsKd;rSm 0dZ…menf;jzpfI tjcm;wenf;rSm odyHenf;jzpfygonf bk&m;? odyHenf;rSm aiGukefrsm;I rwwfEd kifyg? 0dZ…m enf;jzifh ok awoevkyfcJh&ygonf? wynf hawmf wdk ‹.&ck dif wGif &cdkifpum; jzifh rqrajc&maumufenf; (rkqdk;rajc&maumufenf;) [kac:ygonf? T enf;jzifh okawoe&SmazG&ygonf bk&m;? Tenf;jzifh wynfhawmfwdk ‹ &Sm vkd uf aomtcg &ckdifordkif;wGif ajrmufOD;_rdK‹onf aemufqHk;_rdK‹jzpfygonf?

(4)




,ck t&Sifbk&m;wk d‹ jrifae&aombk&m;apwDrsm;rSm ajrmufOD;

acwf rif;apmrGefvufxufup_yD; wnfxm;cJ haombk&m;apwDrsm; jzpf ygonf? Tomoemonf ajrmufOD;acwf wGif pwifcJh oavm (od k‹r[k wf ) rnfonf hacwfuyifpcJ h onf ud k od&S d&ef twGuf aemuf udk wvSrf;qk wf-unf h ygonf? xdk ajrmufOD;acwfrwd kifrS D avmif;-uuf&SdcJ ha-umif; od&ygonf? xkd ‹a-umif h ajrmufOD;acwf onf avmif;-um;acwfrS qif;vma-umif; od& ygonf bk&m;? avmif;-uuf omoemud k-unfhvkd ufaomtcg xd kacwf w av#mufvH k; ausmuf qif;wkbk&m;rsm;/ ausmufpmrsm;uk d avmif;-uuf acwf tuQ&mrsm;/ ouU&mZfrsm;jzifh twd tusawG ‹&ygonf bk&m;?

&uQ 0ÀtuQ&m &uQ 0ÀtuQ&m &uQ 0ÀtuQ&m &uQ 0ÀtuQ&m

av;_rdK‹acwf···· onf rnf onf hacwfrS qif;vmoenf;qd konf

ud k aemuf od k‹wvSrf;qk wfvd kufaomtcg a0omvDacwfud k awG‹&ygonf? a0omvDacwf ud ka&mufaomtcg &cdkifpmayta&;tom;rSm tuQ&mrsm; ajymif;vJvmyHkud k awG‹&S d&ygonf? av;_rdK‹acwf tpyd kif;rSm a0omvDacwf u a&G ‹vsm;vmaom &uQ0ÀtuQ&m[kac:aom &ck dif tuQ&mESif h toH k;jyK a&;om;cJhygonf? &cdkif wdk ‹.avoH/ av,lavodrf;rsm;jzifh a&;xm;ojzifh &uQ0ÀtuQ&m[kac:ygonf? a0omvDacwf tpykdif;wGif jA[RDyGm;tuQ&m rsm;jzifh a&;om;-uygonf? jA[R DyGm;tuQ&mESif hyif a0omvDacwf wGif bmom&yftaejzifh bk&m;w&m;pmukd ouU wbmomjzifha&;_yD; tuQ&m pmayukd jA[RDyGm;tuQ&mjzifh a&;om;cJha-umif;awG‹&Sd&ygonf? avmuD pmayukd &uQ0ÀtuQ&mjzifh a&;om;ptcsdefvnf; jzpfygonf? xkd tcsdef u ouU wbmomonf urBmwGif t*Fvdyfpmay v$rf;rkd;aeouJ hokd ‹ v$rf;

rkd;aeonf h tcsdefjzpfygonf?xk da-umifh ouU wbmomjzifh &ck dif ork dif;uk d a&;xkd;xm;cJh onf uk d awG‹&Sd&ygonf? xk duJ hokd ‹ a&;xkd;xm;aomausmufpm tajrmuf tjrm; &S dygonf?

a0omvDacwfrS aemuf od k‹ wvSrf;qkwf-unf haomtcg "n 0wDacwf ud k a&muf&Sdygonfbk&m;? ,if;"n0wDacwfwGifvnf; toH k; jyKaompmayrsm;&Sda-umif;uk dvnf; awG‹&ygonf? TuJ h od k‹ rqrajc&m aumufenf;jzifhavhvm&m "n0wDacwf tm; odyHenf;tm;jzifh ork dif;rS wf

(5)

· avmif;-uuf onf av;_rdK‹acwfaESmif;ykdif;jzpfonf?




wk difESifh ord kif;±kyf-uGif;jzpfaomausmufpmESif h ausmuf ±kyfxkrsm;ud kvnf;

txif t&Sm;awG‹&ygonf? xd korkdif;±kyf-uGif;rsm;rSm tppf trSefrsm;jzpfae ygonf? wynfh awmfwd k‹ydËuwfpmrSm yHkES dyfpmtkyfvnf;r&Sd/ aypm/ yk&ykd uf pmrsm;vnf; uG,faysmuf aeaoma-umif h xk dorkdif;±kyf-uGif;rsm;rSm ruG ,f raysmufvuf awG‹jrifEd kifawG ‹Edkifaomt&mrsm;jzpfaeI ypfy,fI r&aumif; yg bk&m;? Ttykdif;uk d xyfI&Sif;jyygtkH;rnf?

awmif ayguf}uD ;ausmufpm awmif ayguf}uD ;ausmufpm awmif ayguf}uD ;ausmufpm awmif ayguf}uD ;ausmufpm

ajrmufOD;acwf up_yD; "n0wDacwfwd kifatmif omoemawmf qif;oufvmyH k ud k ajc&maumuf ,l onf henf;ESif h okawoejyKvkd ufaom tcg omoemonf "n0wDacwf wGif qHk;aeygonf bk&m;? "n0wD acwf wGif ‘earmw\’*gxmawmfyg&Sd onf h jA[RD tuQ&mESif h a&;xkd;xm; cJhaomawmifayguf}uD;ausmufpm&SdcJhygonf? ,if;pmud k a&;xkd;xm;aom tuQ&mpmvHk;rsm;ud k-unf hv#if bDpD (300) ausmf u taomurif;}uD; a&;xkd;cJhaomausmufpmwGifyg&S d onfh tuQ&mpmvH k;rsm;ESifh twl wljzpfae aoma-umifh wacwfwnf;wGif a&;xkd;cJ haomausmufpmjzpfa-umif; vuf

a&;vufom;avhvmaomynm&Sifrsm;rS okawoejyK rSwfcsufcscJ h-uyg onf bk&m;? ,if;a-umifh &ckdifjynf"n0wDacwfwGif tdEN d,ajrmufyd kif;u toH k;jyKonfh jA[RD tuQ&mrsm; 0ifa&mufae_yD;jzpfa-umif; od&S d&ygonf bk&m;?

"n0wDacwf awmifayguf}uD;ausmufpmukd xyfI &Sif;vif; ygOD;rnf? ,ck EdkifiHawmf uxk wfa0xm;aom jrefrmhpG ,fpHk ork dif;wGif tuQ &mqif;oufvmyH kY jrefrmtuQ&mqif;oufvmyH k ud k jA[R DtuQ&mrSwqifh

,ckacwfxd qif;vmyH kudk a&;om;xm;ygonf? jrefrmtuQ&mrSm tdEN d , awmifyd kif; yv†0/ u'r/ tvk us/ wdvuFmqdk aomtuQ&mrsm;rSwqif h qif;ouf_yD;v#if jrefrmpmjzpfvmygonf? q&m}uD;OD;omjrwf a&;om; aompmtkyf wGif jA[RD/ rm*"/ *k wW/ -uEN/ yv†0/ u'r uae_yD; &mrn wd kif;od k‹ qif;oufvma-umif; a&;om;xm;ygonf? wynfhawmfwdk ‹ &ckdif bufrSm "n0wD acwfY jA[RD tuQ&mtoHk;jyKcJha-umif; awG‹&Sd&ygonf? odk ‹ aomf &mpkESpf wpfacwf_yD;wpfacwf vufa&;ajymif;vmonfh twG uf

tuQ&myH krSmvnf;ajymif;vJr+&S dcJ hygonf bk&m;? ,if;a-umifh a0omvDacwf wGif jA[RD tuQ&mrS qifhyGm;vmaom jA[RD tuQ&mjzifha&;om;xm;onf ukd

(6)




awG ‹&ygonf? "n0wDacwfwGif usrf;OD;*gxmawmf tjzpfjzifh ‘earmwo’

*gxmawmfudk jA[R DtuQ&mjzifha&;xkd;_yD; ygVdtoHxG uf twd kif;jzpfygonf bk&m;?

&ckd if ydÉuwf uk d quf &ef &ckd if ydÉuwf uk d quf &ef &ckd if ydÉuwf uk d quf &ef &ckd if ydÉuwf uk d quf &ef pmayta-umif;ud kc%&yfxm;_yD; &ckdifydËuwf ta-umif;ud k

qufajymygrnf bk&m;? q&mawmf wk d‹onf ydËuwfud ku|rf;usifaom yk*~dKvfrsm;jzpfonfh twG uf ydËuwf udpPud kajym&mwGif onf;cH_yD; em;axmif ygbk&m;? Ak'<bmom0ifwd kif; od&S d-uonf h twkdif; om0wW d_rdK‹u Oywd\ ESifh aumwvd wESpfOD;onf euQwf obifud k-unf h±+aepOf yG J-unf hy&dowf rsm;ud k-unf h_yD; onfvlrsm;onf aemufESpf aygif; wpf&mtwGif;rSm tm;vH k; ao aysmuf-uvdrfhrnf? igwdk ‹vnf; ao&vdrf hrnf? ,if;a-umif h raoaom w&m;uk d&SmazG&eftwG uf &GmrSxGuf oGm;-uygonf? xd k uJ h od k‹ w&m;&SmazG -uaomtcg odÍnf;y&dAdk ZfxHod k‹a&muf oGm;-uavonf? odÍnf;y&dAdk ZfxH twwfynmrsm; oif-um;-uaomtcg tm;vHk;wwfod-uavonf? odÍnf;y&dAdkZf u oifp&mukef_yD[kajymojzihf q&m&Sm&ef xGuf-ujyef onf?

xkd uJ h od k‹ c&D;qufvm-uaomtcg &mZ_*dK[f_rdK‹od k‹ a&muf&S dcJ h -uygonf? xd kpOf qGrf;cH-uGvmaom t&Sif t\Zdrax&fud k jrifawG ‹cJhyg onf? xd k t&Sifjrwf.omra%td ajENudk -unfndKojzif h igh&Sif .q&mu rnfoljzpfoenf;/ tb,fw&m;ud ka[m-um;ygoenf;/ tu|Ek fyf wd k‹tm; wcGef;wpr#avmuf a[m-um;ygavmhponfjzifh ar;av#mufcJ hygonf? t&Sif t\Zdrax&futu|Ek fyf .q&monfbk&m;ocifjzpfonf? tu|Ekfyf onf &[ef;jzpfonfrSm r-umao;ojzifh w&m;aumif;aumif; rajym

wwfao;a-umif;/ od k‹aomf tu|Ek fyfq&mocif a[m-um;aomw&m;xJrS tu|Ek fyfrS wfrdaomw&m;jzpfonfh Trnfaom*gxmawmf ud k a[m-um;yg rnf[kqd kI w&m;a[mcJhygonf? ,if;*gxmawmfrSm ‘a,"rRm a[wky` b0g awoH a[wk wxm*awm tm[/ awoÌa,m eDa&ma"g/ {0H0g'D r[momra%m’[k t&Sif t\Zdrax&fu xk d olESpfOD;tm; a[m-um;cJhyg onf?

t"d y g,f rS m = t"d y` g,f rS m = t"d y g,f rS m = t"d y` g,f rS m = jrwfpGmbk&m;onf a&S;ujyKzl;aom ta-umif;a-umifhjzpf ay:vm tusKd;w&m;wd k‹ud k a[mawmfrl .? xk d ta-umif;tusKd;w&m; ESpf

(7)




yg;wd k‹.csKyf_idrf;&mudkvnf; a[mawmfrl .[k t"dyg,f&ygonf? t&Sif

bk&m;wd k‹ od&S dawmfrl onf h twdkif;yg bk&m;? aemuf qH k; xkd olESpfOD;onf jrwfpGmbk&m;ESifhawG ‹&S d_yD; &[EWm

rsm;jzpf-uI &Sifom&dykwW&mESif h &Sifarm*~vH tjzpf xif&Sm;cJhygonf? Tw&m;rSm ESrf;wpfawmif;ud k}udwfvd k uf aomtcg qD-unf

wpfykvif; ESpfykvif;&&S douJh od k ‹ ausmufp&pf ig;awmif;ud k}ud wfaomf vnf; qD-unfwayguf wpr#r&Sd ouJh odk ‹/ ydËuwf oHk;yH k ud k tqDxk wfvdk uf aomtcg‘edA Š mef’qdk aom w&m;wpfvH k;om&&S dygonf? ,if;w&m; wpfvH k; ud k pd wfjzmvk dufaomtcg ‘"rRESifh 0de,’&&Sdygonf? aemufxyf pd wfjzm vkd ufv#if ‘opPmav;yg;/ r*~if&Spfyg;/ aAm"dyuQ ,w&m; oH k;q,fhckepf yg;’tp&Sd onfjzifh aemufqH k;"rRcE<maygif; &Spfaomif;av;axmifyg&S daom ydËuwf oH k;yHk &&S dyg onfbk&m;? od k‹jzpfygI a,"rR*gxmawmfonf ydËuwf oH k;yHk . tqDtESpfjzpfa-umif;ud k q&mawmf u wynf hawmfxuf odygonf bk&m;?

Ta,"rRmw&m;onf r[m,ef*dk %f;om;rsm; toH k;jyKaom

*gxmawmfjzpfygovm;/ t&Sifbk&m;awG‹zl;ygovm;[kar;aomtcg q&m awmf onf ajz-um;jcif;r&SdbJ wd wfwdwfaecJ hygonf? Ta,"rRm*gxm ud k r[m,ef*dk%f;om;rsm; toHk;jyKrnfrxifyg? r[m,ef*dk%f;om;rsm; toH k;jyKonfudk awG‹zl;ygovm;[k xyfIar;aomtcg q&mawmfrSm wd wf wdwfae_rJaecJhygonf? aemuf wcsuf r[m,ef*d k%f;xJY jA[R% t,l tqa&maESm_yD;v#if r[m,ef*d k%f;/ wEW&m*d k%f;/ rEW&m*dk %f;rsm; ay:aygufvmygonf? xk d*dk %f;rsm;rS wqif h wynf hawmf wd k‹ &ckdifjynfodk ‹

r[m,eomoem 0ifa&mufvmygovm;ar;aomtcg q&mawmfrSm wpH k w&m ajym-um;jcif;rjyKcJhyg? aemuf wcsuf tdEN d,wjynfvH k;udk r*dkrif;rsm; wd k ufcd k uf odrf;

,lydk uf aomtcg Ak'<bmom0ifrsm;onf oD&dvuFmEd kifiH/ wdbuf/ &ckdif jynf/ jrefrmjynfrsm;odk ‹xG uf ajy;-uaomtcg r[m,ef*d k%f;onf &ckdif jynfodk ‹0ifa&mufcJ hygovm; t&Sifbk&m;? q&mawmf u rnf odk ‹r#rajym -um;cJhyg? wd wf wd wfaecJhygonf? od k‹jzpfv#if wynf hawmf wd k‹ &ck difjynf

omoemonf r[m,ejzpfonf[k q&mawmfpGyfpG JcJ honfrSm rnf onf h ta-umif;a-umif hjzpfygovJ bk&m;? q&mawmfvnf;onf wckr#rajz-um;

(8)




jcif;r&Sdyg?

ol &d ,rif ;quf/ pjEN m;rif ;quf ol &d ,rif ;quf/ pjEN m;rif ;quf ol &d ,rif ;quf/ pjEN m;rif ;quf ol &d ,rif ;quf/ pjEN m;rif ;quf xkd uJ h od k‹ &ck difjynf "n0wDawmifayguf}uD;ausmufpmESif h

tdENd ,jynf tmaomuausmufpmESifh wnfaeyH kud kaxmuf±+aomtcg bDpD (3) &mpkrSm ausmufpmrsm;udka&;xk d;v#if xdkra&mufrS D bDpD (5) &mpk avmuf wGif jrwfpGmbk&m; yGif hawmfrlcJhygonf? wynfhawmfwdk ‹ ajc&m aumufenf;jzifh xyf_yD;aumuf,lv#if &ckdifjynfY rif;qufESpfquf&S dcJhyg onf? yxrrif;qufrSm ol&d,rif;qufjzpf_yD; 'k wd ,rif;qufrSm pjENm; rif;qufjzpfygonf? ol&d,rif; quf (55) qufaemufyd kif;wGif a'Gif pjENm;rif;qufay:vmygonf? pjENm;rif;quf .yxrrif;qufrSm &ckdif ord kif;wGif r[mol&d,wk dif;pjENm;rif;}uD;[kac:rS wf-uygonf? &Spfaomif; bk&m;ausmufpmwGif a'GifpjENm;[k ouU wtuQ&mjzifh a&;xk d;xm;ygonf?

r[mwkdif;pjENm;rif;xkd;xm;onfh ,if;ausmufpmaemufbuf wGif pmav;a-umif; yg&S dygao;onf? ,if;pmav;a-umif;rS txufESpf a-umif;wGif a,"rRm a[wkyb0g jzifh tpjyKa&;om;xm;ygonf?

t"d y g,f azmf Ed k if cJ h t"d y` g,f azmf Ed k if cJ h t"d y g,f azmf Ed k if cJ h t"d y` g,f azmf Ed k if cJ h xdkpjENm;rif;qufa&;xkd;cJhaomausmufpmrS r[mrkedukef;

'kwd ,ypP ,H ta&S ‹ajrmufbufY&Sdaom t±kyfYyg&S dygonf? vGefcJhaom ESpf aygif;rsm;pGmu trd k;tumr&SdbJ yufvufvSef_yD;v#if rd k;xJa&xJY &S dae cJh ojzifh pma-umif;rsm;rSm zwfr&EdkifatmifysufpD;cJhygonf? od k ‹aomf }udK; pm;I riful; ul;,laomtcg pmvH k;tenf;i,fud kzwf±+_yD; t"dy` g,fazmf

EdkifcJ hygonf? a&;xm;aomtuQ&mpmvH k;rSm ouUwjzpf_yD; ‘r[mo#L &da,m o#ENa&m/ emraem o#A'gae yum&aw’ qd kaom pma-umif;yg bk&m;?

ygVdbmomESif hqd kv#if ‘r[mol&d a,m pENa&m emraem oA 'gae yum&aw’[k &ygonfbk&m;? t"dy` g,f u r[mol&d ,wk dif; pjENm; rif;}uD;onf Tukef;awmfY 'ge0wKtpkpk ud kvS L'gef;I jyD;jynfhpHk_yD[k jzpfygonf? ,if;a-umif h Tpmudk xd k;xm;aomausmufpmygt±kyfrSm r[mpjENm;rif;}uD; uk od kvfjyKpdk ufxlcJhaomt±kyfjzpfa-umif; ouf aoxl aeygonf bk&m;?

(9)




Tpmonf at'D (4) &mpk tpyk dif;u pmjzpfygonf? (4) &mpk

tpykdif;rS aemufuk dqkwfvk d uf onf htcg ol&d ,rif;quf u aemufrif;rsm; .rif;quf ouU&mZf wkd ‹uk daygif;vkd uf onf h tcg bDpD (5) &mpk wGif a*gwr Ak'<ESif h pENol&d ,rif;}uD;ouU&mZfwk d‹ wlnDaeonf ukd awG‹&ygonf bk&m;? xkd ‹a-umif h txufwGifavSsmufxm;cJ h onfh twk dif; awmifayguf}uD;ausmuf pmESifh oD&d"rRaomurif;}uD;.tdENd ,ausmufpmwk d‹ukd wk duf-unfhvkd uf v#ifvnf; a&;om;ykHcsif;wl um t"dy`g,f tm;jzifhvnf; wlnDaeygonf bk&m;?

"n0wD od k ‹bk&m;t&S if "n0wD od k ‹bk&m;t&S if "n0wD od k ‹bk&m;t&S if "n0wD od k ‹bk&m;t&S if- -- -uG cJ h uG cJ h uG cJ h uG cJ h "n0wDta-umif;udk jyefvnfqufygrnf? "n0wDY bDpD (3)

&mpkrSm ol&d ,puUrif; xD;eef;pdk;pHvsuf&Sdygonf? xd krif;uaemuf odk ‹ a&wG ufv#if bDpD (5) &mpkod k‹ a&mufygonf? ,if;a-umif h pENol&d ,rif; onf "n0wDY bDpD (5) &mpk wGif tkyfcsKyfcJ ha-umif; od&ygonf bk&m;?

,ckvd k ajc&maumufenf;jzifhvkd ufaomtcg twd tus&&Sdyg onf bk&m;? xk dtcsdefY tdENd ,wGif jrwfpGmbk&m;yGif haecsdef jzpfygonf?

,if;a-umif h pENol&d ,eef;pHI ESpfaygif; (25) ESpf t-umwGif Ak'<&Sifawmf onf "n0wDod k‹-uGa&mufcJ h onf[k &ckdif ord kif;tapmifapmifwGif wnD wnG wf wnf; azmfjyxm;ygonf bk&m;? ,if;a-umifh "n0wDY pENol&d , rif; tkyfcsKyfpOfwGif jrwfpGmbk&m;ud k,fawmf wd kif -uGa&mufcJ hjcif;jzpfyg onf bk&m;?

jrwfpGmbk&m;-uGa&mufvmaomta-umif;udk "n0wD_rdK‹. taemufbufawmif wef;ausmufpmY ol&d ,puUrif;}uD;onf jA[R DtuQ

&mjzifha&;xdk;xm;cJhygonf? wynf hawmfi,fpOf u q&m}uD;OD;pHa&$bkESif h twl ul;,lcJ hygonf? xk dausmufaqmifrSm r[mrkedausmuf awmfvrf;ud k vkyfaomtcg wl;_zdKojzifhysufpD;cJ h&ygonf? xkdausmufaqmifYa&;xdk; xm;onfhpmud k ,ck acwf ygVdbmomjzifhqd kv#if =‘earmw\ b*0awm/ t[m&awm/ orRmoAŠK'<\? txacg b*0g bduQKoHCH ygom'H tm±kaywGm? yOPygom' owy&d0kawm/ "n0wD&@H tmumora*~e? pm&d uH p&rmaem "n0wDr[me*&\ yp>dr'd om

bma*? up>ye'D ,m yl&wW drwda& aovm*d&D yAŠ wAk'<ed -oa&m[d wGm ywdXmwd?’ jzpfygonf?

(10)




t"d y g,f twdk aumuf rS m t"d y` g,f twdk aumuf rS m t"d y g,f twdk aumuf rS m t"d y` g,f twdk aumuf rS m? ? jrwfpGmbk&m;onfaumif;uifc&D;

jzifh jyom'f&SifysHig;&mESif h-uGa&muf_yD;v#if "n0wD_rdK‹.taemufbufjzpf aomup>ye'Dukvm;wefjrpf}uD;. ta&S ‹bufurf;ajc&Sdaom aovm*d&D arm&yA Š wtrnf&S daomawmifxdyfY &yfwef‹awmfrl.? &yf wef‹awmfrl_yD; v#if jrwfpGmbk&m;onf Asm'd wf awmfay;onf[lIjzpfygonf?

Tausmufpmud kaxmuf±+jcif;tm;jzifh &ck difjynfud k jrwfpGm bk&m;-uGa&mufcJ honfrSm xif&Sm;aeygonfbk&m;? ,if;a-umif h wynf h awmf wdk ‹rSm ajc&maumufenf;jzifh aemufod k‹ wvSrf;pDqk wf_yD; vdk ufaom tcg Ak'< omoemonf uGif;qufrjywfbJESif h "n0wDacwf od k‹ a&muf&Sdyg onf bk&m;?

r[m,epum;wpfvH k;r# rawG ‹ r[m,epum;wpfvH k;r# rawG ‹ r[m,epum;wpfvH k;r# rawG ‹ r[m,epum;wpfvH k;r# rawG ‹ r[mwdkif;pjENm;rif;}uD;onf oleef;wufptcsdefY a0omvD

bk&m;}uD;udk wnf_yD; ausmufpma&;xkd;cJ hygonf? tuQ&mpmvHk;rSm jA[R D yGm;jzpfygonf? Ta-umif;t&mrSm ‘a,"rRm a[wky b0g’*gxmawmf jzpfygonf? ouUwtoHrxGufbJ ygVd ouf oufjzpfygonf? xkdpm.

aemufyd kif;Y a&;xkd;xm;aom ausmufpmrsm;rSm ouUwtoHESif h a&;xd k; xm;onfud k awG ‹&ygonf? a,"rRmpmvH k;rsm;Y ‘r’txuf wGif ‘a&z’ ac:aom ‘& aumuf’ud kwifxm;ygonf? a,"rRm (a,"&rRm)vd k‹ zwf& ygonf? ‘a[wkyb0g’pmwrf;Yvnf; ‘y’apmuftxufwGif ‘a&z’wif xm;ygonf? a[wkyb0g (a[wkjyb0g) vdk ‹zwf&yg onfbk&m;? ,if; uJ h od k‹ tqifh tqifh ok awoejyKvkd ufaomtcg r[m,ef*dk %f;rS pum; wpfvH k;vnf;rawG‹&yg bk&m;?

r[mwkdif;pjENm;rif;}uD;. Tausmufpm atmufbuf wGif“,uQ r[maoemywd r[mawm” [ka&;om;ygonf? OD;pH omatmif . t*Fvdyfbmomjzifha&;om;xm;onfhpmtkyfwGif Tta-umif;uk d a&;om; xm;ukdawG‹&ygonf?Tokd‹ax&0g'Ak'<bmom.ydÉuwfawmfvmygVd awmfpum;ukd awG ‹&ojzifh &ck difwk d‹wGifrSm xk dtcsdef uwnf;uyif ydÉuwf tppftrSef&S da-umif;uk d od&ygonf bk&m;? tb,f a-umif hqkd aomf t&Sif bk&m;wk d‹ ESpfpOfESpfwk dif;a[m-um;aeonf h w&m;rsm;xJ wGif Tw&m;yg yg

onf bk&m;?

(11)




,ckjrefrmEdkifiHawmfY eH,kefvjynfhae‹udk r[mor,ae‹/

0gqk dvwGif "rRp}uFmae‹/ 0gu|wfvwGif tbd"rRmae‹tjzpfowfrSwf_yD; ESpfpOfusif;yae-uygonf? ,uQaoemywdr[my%mawmqkd onf h ygVd onf r[mor,ok wWefawmf wGif ewfrsm;uk d az:usL;xm;onf[k twd tvif;&Sdygonf bk&m;? r[mor,ae‹Y jrwfpGmbk&m; ud k ,fawmfwdkif a[m-um;cJhaom r[mor,ok wWef ud k oHCmawmfrsm; oH_ydKif&Gwfzwf onf ud k eH ,kefvjynf hae‹a&muf wd kif; a&'D,d krS-um;em&ygonf t&Sifbk&m;? xkdr[mor,okwWefxJY ewfrsm;.trnf ud k azmfusL;xm;aompum; rsm; pGm&&Sdygonf bk&m;?

‘yema'g =oyranmp/ a'0olawmp rmwvd’[laom *gxmESifh awG ‹&ygonfbk&m;? xd kewfrsm;xJY yema'gewfrif;udkazmfusL; xm;aom*gxmawmfrSm tydk'f=22 wGif awG h&S dEdkifygonfbk&m;? Tr[mo r,okwWefawmfrSm ax&0g'Ak'<bmomwd k‹.ydËuwfawmfvm ok wWef jzpf ygonf bk&m;? jrwfpGmbk&m;ocif a[m-um;awmfrl aom ax&0g'tppfrS vmonf h r[mmor, okwWefjzpfonfh twG uf yVdawmf t@uxmtp&S d aom ydËuwf ok H;ykHYvnf; &ck difYr[m,er&Sda-umif; xif&Sm;aejcif;uk d

vnf; jyefajz-um;yg t&Sifbk&m;?

ax&0g'udk ,H k ax&0g'udk ,H k ax&0g'udk ,H k ax&0g'udk ,H k- -- -unf aomrif ;rsm; unf aomrif ;rsm; unf aomrif ;rsm; unf aomrif ;rsm; aemuf wcsufrSm a0omvDacwfwGif tkyfpdk;cJ h-uaom rif;rsm;

jzpf-uonfh edwdpjENm;/ 0D&pjENm;tp&Sdaomrif;rsm;onf ol wdk ‹uk od kvfjyK wnfxm;cJh aomapwDrsm;wGif ‘a,"rRm’ *gxmawmf ud k a&;xd k;xm;onf h ausmufwHk;rsm;/ pwlygrsm;ud k Xmyemwnfxm;cJ h-uygonf bk&m;? xk d

ausmufwHk;ESifh pwlygrsm;Y a&;xkd;xm;aompmrsm;ud k ,ckajrmufOD;jy wd k uf wGif odrf;qnf;xm;&Sdygonf bk&m;? wynf hawmf txuf uwifjycJh onf htwk dif; Ak'< w&m;awmf.tqDtESpfjzpf-uaom edA Š mefud k vufcH,H k -unfonfh ax&0g'omoemud kvufcH ,Hk-unfaomrif;rsm;jzpf-uI T a,"rRm*gxmawmf udk a0omvDrif;rsm;toH k;jyKae-ujcif;jzpfygonf t&Sif bk&m;? ,if;a-umif h r[mol&d ,wdkif; pjENm;rif;}uD;rSpI (a0omvDacwf at'D (4) &mpk) pjENm;rif;tqufquf wdk ‹ ,H k-unf udk;uG ,fcJh-uaom

omoemrSm r[m,eomoemr[kwfbJ ppfrSefaomax&0g'omoemjzpf a-umif;rSwf ,l&ygrnf bk&m;?

(12)




oD [dk Vf (oD &d vuF m)ES if h 0g'csif ;wl oD [dk Vf (oD &d vuF m)ES if h 0g'csif ;wl oD [dk Vf (oD &d vuF m)ES if h 0g'csif ;wl oD [dk Vf (oD &d vuF m)ES if h 0g'csif ;wl

wynfhawmf yxrcsjycJhaom Oywd\ESif h aumvdw ta-umif;wGif t&Sif t\Zdrax&fa[m-um;cJh aom ‘a,"rRm’ *gxmawmf onf a0om vDodk ‹ a&muf&SdcJhygonf? ,if;_yD;aemuf a0omvDrif;rsm;onf oD[dkVf (oD&dvuFm)ESif h omoema&;udpPrsm;udk tjyeftvSefoGm;a&muf aqmif &Gufa-umif;ESifh tmeENpjENm;rif;}uD;onf oD[d kVf (oD&dvuFm) odk ‹ tvS L ypPnf;rsm;ydk‹onf[k ausmufpmwGifawG ‹&Sd&ygonf? oD[d kVf omoemrSm ax&0g'jzpfI wynfhawmfwdk ‹ a0omvD wGifvnf; ax&0g'omoem xGef; um;a-umif; odEdkifygonf bk&m;? xk d‹a-umif h wynfh awmfwdk ‹ &ck difjynf omoemonf r[m,ef*d k%f;rSqif;oufvmaom r[m,ef*dk %f;r[k wfbJ "n0wDacwf bk&m;ud k ,fawmfwdkif-uGa&mufcJ hpOfup_yD; jzpfay:qif;ouf vmaom ax&0g'Ak'<bmomjzpfa-umif; wynf hawmf av#mufxm;ygonf bk&m;?

orkd if;±k yf orkd if;±k yf orkd if;±k yf orkd if;±k yf- -- -uG if ;u ouf aocH uG if ;u ouf aocH uG if ;u ouf aocH uG if ;u ouf aocH ,if;uJ hodk ‹ ausmufpm/ ausmuf±kyf/ aypmrsm; twd tvif;&S d

aomfvnf; ,ckacwf±d kufES dyfaomyH kES dyfpmtkyf wGifrygI r,H k rSm;,Gif;onf qdkv#ifvnf; rwwfEd kifygbk&m;? wynf hawmf wd k‹rSm ordkif;±kyf-uGif;jzpf aomausmufpm/ a-u;jym;/ a&$jym;pm/ aiGjym;pmwdk ‹uom oufaocHae ygojzifh ,if;pmrsm;u rSm;_yD; ,ckyHkESdyfwdk ufrS±dk ufES dyfaompuULwGif a&; om;xm;onf hpmuom rSefonf[kqk dv#ifvnf; wynf hawmf wd k‹ ajymp&m rvkdawmhygbk&m;? xkd ‹a-umif h wynf hawmf wd k‹rSm ygVdawmf t@uxmrSmyg &efvdk tyfrnf rxifyg bk&m;? oufaocHorkdif;±kyf-uGif; taxmuf txm;

u ckdifrmaeyg_yD bk&m;? [kwf r[k wfukdvnf; wynfh awmftm; jyefar;jref;ygbk&m;? rar;v#if wynfh awmfu rSef onf vufcHonf[k ,lq&ygrnf bk&m;? r[m,ef*kd %f;[k pGyfpG Jcsuf uk d a,"rRmwpfyk'f wnf; qif;oufyk Hajc&m aumufenf;okawoevkyfjyKvkyfyk Hjzifh &ck difjynfomoemonf r[m,ef *dk%f;rS qif;oufvmaom r[m,eomoemr[kwfbJ ax&0g'Ak'< omo emrS qif;oufvmaomomoemjzpfa-umif; ar;cGef; (1) uk d ajz-um;tyf ygonf bk&m;?

(13)




ar;cGef ; (2) ar;cGef ; (2) ar;cGef ; (2) ar;cGef ; (2)

Ak'<.ygVdawmf t@uxmESifh o*F g,emajcmufwef ponf wdk ‹ wGifryg&SdbJ &ck difjynfok d‹ jrwfpGmbk&m; -uGa&mufvmcJ h onf[k &ck difjynf wGif a&;om;ajymqd kae-uonfrSm bk&m;a[mw&m;awmfESifhrukd ufnDyg? Tta-umif;ud k ajz&Sif;ay;yg?

ar;cGef ; (3) ar;cGef ; (3) ar;cGef ; (3) ar;cGef ; (3) Ak'<.ygVdawmf t@uxmponfwd k‹Y ryg&S dbJ jrwfpGmbk&m;

onf pENol&d ,rif;}uD;ESifhawG‹qH k_yD; r[mjrwfrkedbk&m;ud k oGef;vkyfcJ h onf[k a&;om;ajymqd k-uonf? Tta-umif;udkvnf; ajz&Sif;ay;yg?

t&Sifbk&m;.ar;cGef; (2) ESif h (3) ud k waygif;wnf; ajz-um; vdkygonf? ar;cGef;rsm;rSm woabmwnf; jzpfaejcif;a-umifhyg bk&m;? wynfhawmfonf &ckdifjynf od k‹ Ak'<omoema&mufvmyH kar;cGef;tay: tao; pdyf &Sif;vif;xm;_yD;jzpfygonfbk&m;? aemufxyfav#mufxm;ygrnfbk&m;? wynfhawmfwdk ‹ &ckdifjynfwGif ,ck ud k;uG,faeaom Ak'< omoemrSm ajrmuf

OD;acwfbk&ifrsm; tkyfpd k;cJhaomumvrS qufcH ,lcJ haomAk'< t,l0g'jzpfyg onf bk&m;?

ajrmufOD;acwfrwkdifrSD avmif;-uuf_rdK‹&S dcJ hygonf? xdk_rdK‹ud k tkyfpdk;cJ h-uaombk&ifrsm;rSmvnf; Ak'<bmomrif;rsm;jzpfygI omoed u taqmuf tOD;rsm;pGm wnfaqmufcJ h-uygonf? &[ef;ynm&Sdrsm; xGef; um;cJh-uygonf? Tavmif;-uufbk&ifrsm;onf Ak'<bmomud k ae&Í&m _rdK‹wGiftkyfpdk;cJ haombk&ifrsm;xHrS wqif h vufcH ,lcJhjcif;jzpfygonf? ae&

Í&m_rdK‹wGif xGef;um;cJh aomAk'<bmomrSm yk&def_rdK‹rSqif;ouf aom Ak'<bm omjzpfygonf? yk&def_rdK‹wGiftkyfpd k;cJh aombk&ifrsm;onf yOPm_rdK‹rSAk'< omo emud k wqif hvufcH ,lcJ h-uygonf? yOPm_rdK‹Ak'< omoemrSmvnf; a0omvD _rdK‹rSqif;oufvmjcif;jzpfygonf? a0omvD_rdK‹ud kwnfaqmufcJhaom r[m wd kif;pjENm;rif;}uD;onf r[mrkedbk&m;wGif uk od kvfaumif;r+jyKcJhygonf? odrfawmfESif h yv†ifawmfrsm;ud k topf wzef wnfaqmufcJ ha-umif;ord kif; rSwf wrf;rsm;Y awG ‹&ygonf?

wynfhawmfa&S‹uav#mufxm;cJh onf h twdkif; xd krif;}uD;uk okdvf aumif;r+jyKcJh onf udk r[mrkedbk&m;ukef;awmf 'k wd ,tqif h ta&S ‹ajrmuf

(14)




buf&S d ‘,uQaoemywdyem'’±kyfxkwGif a&;xkd;cJ hygonf?

trS ef &S d cJ h aom_rd K‹awmf trS ef &S d cJ h aom_rd K‹awmf trS ef &S d cJ h aom_rd K‹awmf trS ef &S d cJ h aom_rd K‹awmf TuJ h od k‹ r[mwd kif;pjENm;rif;onf r[mrked odrfawmf udk topf

wzefjyefvnfwnfaqmufcJhonf[kqdkojzifh r[mwdkif;pjENm;rif;}uD; rwdkifrS Duyif odrfawmfta[mif;ESifh r[mrked±kyf&SifawmfrSm&S dESifhae_yD; jzpf a-umif;od&S d&ygonf? ,if;od k‹jzpfv#if a0omvDacwfrwk difrS D rnf onf h acwf&S d onf ud k ajc&maumuf twk dif;vk d ufv#if "n0wD_rdK‹awmfrSm pd wful;

,Of_yD; a&;omcJ haom_rdK‹awmfr[kwfa-umif; av,mOfrS&k d uf ul;xm;aom "mwfyH kud k-unf hjcif;tm;jzifh od&S dEd kifygonf bk&m;? trSef wu,f&S dcJ haom _rdK‹jzpfa-umif; jynfwGif;/ jynfyordkif;ynm&Sifrsm; ,k H-unfvufcH-uyg onf bk&m;?

or` 'geyum&%usrf ;rS m&S d or` 'geyum&%usrf ;rS m&S d or` 'geyum&%usrf ;rS m&S d or` 'geyum&%usrf ;rS m&S d wynfhawmfwdk ‹ordkif;rsm;wGifvnf; wwd ,"n0wD_rdK‹awmfud k

pENmol&d ,rif;}uD;wnfcJha-umif; zwf±+&ygonf? TpEN ol&d,bk&if "n 0wDY tkyfpdk;pOf umvrSm jrwfpGmbk&m;&Sif taemufrZÆdra'oY &S daecsdef jzpfygonf? wynf hawmfvufxJ wGif&Sd aeaom ‘or'geyum&%’usrf; wGif pEN ol&d,rif;}uD;vufxuf bk&m;&Sifudk ,fawmf wd kif -uGa&muf_yD; r[mrked±kyf&Sifawmf ud k oGef;vkyfcJh a-umif; tao;pd wfa&;om;xm;ygonf?

ausmuf pmuouf aocH ausmuf pmuouf aocH ausmuf pmuouf aocH ausmuf pmuouf aocH ‚if;tjyif awmifayguf}uD;ausmufpmuvnf; oufaocHae

ygonf bk&m;? jrwfpGmbk&m;onf pEN ol&d,rif;}uD;tm; "rRp}uFmw&m; awmfESifh ±kyfxk/ qif;wkawmfrsm;ud k wnfxm;ud k;uG ,fjcif;jzifh &&S dtyf aom tusKd;w&m;rsm;udk ‘owWKAdrŠylZed ,edaoookwWef’[lI rl&if;aypm vnf;&Sdygao;onf bk&m;?

*k %f jyKxm;onfh ±k yf xk *k %f jyKxm;onfh ±k yf xk *k %f jyKxm;onfh ±k yf xk *k %f jyKxm;onfh ±k yf xk pENol&d ,rif;}uD;tm; jrwfpGmbk&m; "rRp}uFmw&m;a[m

-um;ae[efxkvkyfxm;aomausmufjym;wpfcsyf udkvnf; awG‹&Sd&ygonf? a0omvDr[mwdkif;pjENm;rif;}uD;u pENmol&d,rif;}uD;tm; *k%fjyKxkvkyf

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xm;aom±kyfxkjzpf[ef&S dygonf?

jrwfpGmbk&m;&Sif onf &ck difjynf"n0wD od k‹ -uGa&mufcJ hpOf u aovm*D&dawmif ay:Y&yfwef ‹cJh_yD; Asm'd wfcsrSwfcJ ha-umif; ‘or'geyum &%’usrf;wGif taotcsmazmfjyxm;ygonf? ‘cspfom;tmeENm igonf bk&m;jzpf&eftwG uf q,fyg;aomyg&rDawmf}uD;ESif h oHk;q,faomyg&rD awmfi,frsm;ud k jznfh qnf;aomumvY T"n0wDjynfwGif tvDvD vl tjzpf usifvnfcJhzl;onf? ,ck ig&yf wef‹aeaom aovm*D&dawmif . teD;tyg;ywf0ef;usif wGif yef;yG wf orm;tjzpfESif h ig aexd kifcJ h onf? ig y&dedAŠmefpHvGef_yD;aemufumvY ig.ausm±d k;awmf"mwf ud k XmyemI apwD wnfvwW H‹? ausm±dk;awmf"mwfapwD wGifvwWH ‹’[k Asm'd wf ay;cJhygonf? xkd"mwfawmf udk aemuf umvwGif ausmufawmf"mwf apwD[kac:wGifcJhyg onf? xd ktrnf udk tpG JjyKI jrpfwbuf&S d_rdK‹ud kvnf; ausmufawmf_rdK‹[k ac: wGifcJhygonf?

±kyf &S if awmf oG ef ;vk yf a ±kyf &S if awmf oG ef ;vk yf a ±kyf &S if awmf oG ef ;vk yf a ±kyf &S if awmf oG ef ;vk yf a- -- -umif ;,H k umif ;,H k umif ;,H k umif ;,H k- -- -unf unf unf unf TuJ h od k‹ bk&m;Asm'dwf0if"mwfawmfapwD (248) ql&S dcJhyg

onf? T"mwfawmf apwDrsm;udk a0omvDjynf&Sif r[mwdkif;pjENm;rif;}uD; onf jyefvnfjyKjyifcJha-umif; ord kif;rS wf wrf;rsm;t& od&S d&ygonf? T ta-umif;udkaxmuf±+Ivnf; xdk"mwfawmfapwDrsm;rSm a0omvDacwf rwdkifrS Duyif &S dESifhcJ h_yDjzpfa-umif; od&S dEd kifygonf? &ckdifordkif;pmay taxmuf txm;t&vnf;aumif;/ ±kyf0wWKouf aojzifhvnf;aumif; udk uf nDaeygI pEN ol&d ,rif;}uD;vufxuf jrwfpGmbk&m;&Sif "n0wDod k‹ -uG a&muf_yD; r[mrked ±kyf&Sifawmf udk oGef;vkyfcJ ha-umif;,H k-unfygonf?

rEW av;r[mrk ed b,f u& rEW av;r[mrk ed b,f u& rEW av;r[mrk ed b,f u& rEW av;r[mrk ed b,f u& aemuf wpfcsuf u q&mawmfwdk ‹rEWav;_rdK‹wGif&Sdaeaom r[m

rkedbk&m;udk b,f u&,lcJhygovJ bk&m;? Tr[mrkedbk&m;ud k bd k;awmf bk&m;.om;awmf Oy&mZmonf &ckdifjynfuyifh ,lcJ hjcif; r[kwfygvm; bk&m;? Tbk&m;}uD;ord kif;rSmvnf; &ck difjynf"n0wDjynfh&Sif pENol&d , rif;oGef;vkyfcJ ha-umif;ud k orkdif;pmaytapmifapmifY wnDwnGwf wnf;

azmfjyxm;-uygonfbk&m;? jrwfpGmbk&m;ud k ,fawmfwkdif &ck difjynfodk ‹-uG a&mufcJ hI aovm*D&dawmif ay:Y waxmuf&yfwef‹cJ hjyD; pEN ol&d,rif;

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}uD;av#mufxm;ojzifh eef;awmf od k‹-uGa&muf oDwif;oHk;jyD; r[mrked±kyf

&Sifawmf ud k oGef;vkyfcJ honfrSm rSef uefa-umif;ajz-um;vdkygonf bk&m;? ar;cGef ;eHygwf (4) ar;cGef ;eHygwf (4) ar;cGef ;eHygwf (4) ar;cGef ;eHygwf (4)

o*F g,emajcmufwefYrygbJvsuf &ckdifjynfa0omvD a&$ awmif}uD;Y pwkwo*Fg,emud kwifcJh onf[k a&;om;ajymqd k-uonf? Tta-umif;ud kvnf; ajz&Sif;ay;yg?

Tar;cGef;ESifhywfoufI wynf hawmf t&Snfajz-um;&rnf jzpf ygonf bk&m;? bk&m;y&dedAŠmefpHvGef_yD; r-umrDS umvwGif tZmwowf rif;}uD;onf yxrt}udrf o*F g,emwifcJ hygonf bk&m;? wif&aom ta-umif;t&if;/ wifcJ haomae&mESifh wd kif;jynf/ wif&mY tm;ay; tm; ajr‡muf ay;aombk&if/ wif&mYyg0ifaom&[EWmrsm;/ OD;aqmif aom&[EWm/ &nf!$ef;aom*gxmyk'f/ ygVdponf tm;jzifh t*F gq,f wefESifhnDatmifwif cJha-umif;zwf±+&ygonf?

yOP ro*F g,em yOP ro*F g,em yOP ro*F g,em yOP ro*F g,em

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yg;wnf; o*F g,em ESpf}udrf wifa-umif;od&Sd&ygonf? Todk ‹jzpfv#if rif;&ifjzLonf o*Fg,em}uD;udk yOPrt}udrf wif_yD;v#if o*Fg,emi,fud k wpfq,f h wpf}udrfajrmufwifrnf[krS wfom;&ygonf bk&m;?

ordk if;rS wf wrf;rS mawG ‹ ordk if;rS wf wrf;rS mawG ‹ ordk if;rS wf wrf;rS mawG ‹ ordk if;rS wf wrf;rS mawG ‹ wynfhawmfwdk ‹ o*F g,emwifjcif;qkdif&m &ckdifjynf od k‹pD;qif;

vmaoma&pD;a-umif;ud k om av#mufxm;ygonfbk&m;? wynf hawmfa&S ‹u av#mufxm;cJh onf htwkdif; wynfhawmf wdk ‹&ckdifjynf wGif rdrdwd k‹.omoem qdkif&mqif;oufvmyH konfvnf;aumif;/ rdrdvlrsKd;wd k‹qif;oufvmyH k ud k

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vnf;aumif;/ _rdK‹jytkyfcsKyfa&;/ bk&ifrif;qufrsm; pOfquf qif;oufvm

yHk ud kvnf;aumif; oD;jcm;awG‹&S d&ygonf? Tta-umif;rsm;ud k rdrdwd k‹. ord kif;rSwf wrf;rsm;rSmom awG‹&Sd&rnfjzpfygonfbk&m;?

yxro*F g,emwif yxro*F g,emwif yxro*F g,emwif yxro*F g,emwif jrwfpGmbk&m;y&dedAŠmefpHvGef_yD;aemuf r-umrS DumvwGif yxr

t}udrf o*Fg,emud k &mZ_*dK[fY usif;yjyKvkyfcJh-uygonf? tZmwowf rif;}uD;u taxmuftuljyK_yD; t&Sifr[mu\yu OD;aqmifcJ hygonf?

t&Sifr[mu\yar;or# t&Sif tmeENmuajz-um;_yD; Ek wf wd k uf&GwfI o*Fg,emwifcJh-uygonf? jrwfpGmbk&m;y&dedAŠmefpHvGefaomtcg tavmif;awmf ud k eH‹omxif;rsm;pkyHk_yD; rD;o_*dK[f&ef twG uf rD;±d +‹aomf vnf; xif;rsm;rSm rD;ravmifyg bk&m;? tb,fh a-umih fqdk aomf bk&m;&Sif .wynf h}uD;jzpfaom t&Sifr[mu\y ra&mufao;aoma-umifhyg bk&m;? wynf hig;&mjzifh c&D;vrf;rSm&S daeygao;onf? t&Sifr[mu \y.wynfh&[ef;rsm;rSm ykxkZOfrsm;jzpf-uonfh twG uf bk&m;&Sify&d edAŠmefpHvGef_yD; -uGif;usef&pfaom"mwfawmfrsm;ud krjrif&v#if bk&m;.

ud k,fcE<mrSjzpfaom "mwfawmfrsm;ud k ,HkrSm;oHo,jzpfzG,f&S dygonf bk&m;? rdrdrsufjrifudk ,fawG ‹rSom jrwfpGmbk&m;.udk ,fum,awmfrS "mwf awmfrsm;-uGif;onf ud k ,H k-unfrnfjzpfygonf bk&m;? aemuf wpfcsuf u & [ef;awmfrsm;onf jrwfpGmbk&m;ud k touf&SifpOf uzl;ajrmf&aomfvnf; y&dedAŠmefpHvGefaomtavmif;awmfud k zl;jrif&v#if bk&m;&Sif tay: -unf ndKo'< gyGm;rsm;ap&eftwG uf rD;ravmifjcif;jzpfygonf?

t&Sifr[mu\yESifh &[ef;rsm;wd k‹onf uk\dem±H kjynfodk ‹

vmvrf;wGif wpfckaomopfyif&dyfYem;aeawmfrlcJ hygonf? xdk tcsdefwuU wGef;wpfa,muf onf rEN&0ewfyef;udkxD;vkyfIaqmif;_yD;v#if uk\dem±H k jynfbufrS yg0gjynfbuf odk ‹ vmaeonf ud k t&Sifr[mu\yjrifcJhyg onf? xd kwuUwGef;ajymjycsuft& jrwfpGmbk&m; y&dedAŠmefpHvGefa-umif; -um;odcJh&ygonf? jrwfpGmbk&m; y&dedAŠmefpHvGefa-umif;-um;od&aom tcg t&Sifr[mu\yESifhygvmcJh aomokb'N&[ef;onf bk&m;y&dedAŠmef pHvGef ojzifh id ka-uG;ae-uaom&[ef;wd k‹tm; ridk-u&efajym_yD; ‘a*gwr

jrwfpGmbk&m;onf &[ef;rsm;udk Tonfaomt&yfY rvm;&/ Tonf aomtusifh udkrusif h&ponfjzifh igwd k‹tm;csKyfcs,fcJ h onf? ,ck igwd k‹ jyK

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vdk&m udkjyKEdkif_yD’[kqdkcJh onf?

xkdokb'N&[ef;.pum;udk-um;rdaom t&Sifr[mu\y onf rsm;pGmwkefv+yfrdcJ hygonf? jrwfpGmbk&m;&Sify&dedAŠmefpHvGef onfrSm ckepf&uf wywfom&Sdao;onf? bk&m;a[mw&m;awmfrsm;ESif h 0denf;awmf rsm;ud k rsuf uG,fjyKrnfht&dyf ta&mifay:ae_yD; omoemawmfqk wf ,k wf &efta-umif;rsm; jzpfay:vmEk dif onf[k pd wfYrSwfom;rdcJhygonf?

,if;a-umif h bk&m;&Sifa[mor#ud k &[ef;oHCmawmfrsm;rSm pkaygif;I jyefvnf&Gwfqdk o*F g,emwif&ef t}uHjzpfcJhygonf bk&m;? ,if;a-umif h t&Sifr[mu\ytrSL;jyKaom &[EWmig;&mwd k‹onf yxr o*F g,emud kwifcJ h-ujcif; r[kwfygvm; bk&m;?

'k wd ,o*F g,em 'k wd ,o*F g,em 'k wd ,o*F g,em 'k wd ,o*F g,em jrwfpGmbk&m;y&dedAŠmefpHvGefI ESpf aygif;w&m-umaomtcg 0dZ… D

wd kif;om;&[ef;wdk ‹onf 0denf;oduQmyk'f awmfrsm;Y jyifqifcsuf (10) csuf udk jyKvkyfcJ hygonf? bk&m;&Sif .0denf;awmf udk zDqefIvmcJh-u onf? ,if;a-umif h a0omvDjynfwGif umvaomurif;}uD;u wumjyKI

t&Sifr[mu\ytrSL;jyKaom &[EWmckepf&mwd k‹onf 'k wd ,o*Fg,emud k wifcJ hygonfbk&m;?

wwd ,o*F g,em wwd ,o*F g,em wwd ,o*F g,em wwd ,o*F g,em wwd,t}udrf o*F g,emudk ygËvdyk wfjynf&Sif taomurif;

}uD;uwumjyKI &[EWmt&Sif arm*~vdyk wW wd\rax&f}uD;trª;jyKvsuf & [EWmwpfaxmif wd k‹wifcJhygonf? Tonfwd k‹rSm rZÆdra'oY wifcJ haom

o*F g,emoH k;wefjzpfygonf bk&m;?

pwk wˆ o*F g,em pwk wˆ o*F g,em pwk wˆ o*F g,em pwk wˆ o*F g,em wynfhawmfwdk ‹ &ck difa0omvD wGif pwkwo*Fg,emwifcJh

a-umif; av#mufxm;ygrnfbk&m;? a0omvDacwf at'D (4) &mpkrS (9) &m pkxd xGef;um;cJh aomacwfjzpfygonf? xd ka0omvDrif;rsm;wd k‹onf ax& 0g'Ak'<bmom0ifrsm;jzpf-uojzifh oD[d kVfEdkifiHESif h vlr+ a&;t&aomfvnf; aumif;/ bmoma&;t&aomfvnf;aumif; quf qHr+&SdcJhygonf? ,if; a-umifh a0omvDbk&if oD&dpjENm;(oD&d ok"rR0d Z,)rif;onf oD[dkVfrS oHCm

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wpfaxmif udkyif haqmif_yD; &ck difrS oHCmwpfaxmifpkpk aygif;oHCmESpf

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o*F g,em}uD; o*F g,em}uD; o*F g,em}uD; o*F g,em}uD;

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o*F g,emwifonfh udpPESif h wynfh awmfwpfck av#mufxm;Edkif ygonfbk&m;? o*F g,emwifjcif;rSm jrwfpGmbk&m; oAŠnKw^m%fawmf &onfrSp_yD; 0gqdkvrSyif y&dedAŠmefpH onf umvtxd av;q,fhig;0g

twGif;a[m-um;cJ haom ydËuwfawmfrsm;udk o*F g,emwifcJ hygovm;? (odk ‹r[kwf) oD&d"rRmaomurif;}uD;vufxuf Ak'<omoemawmf oef ‹pifcJh

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onf hta-umif;rsm;udkyg wwd,t}udrf o*F g,emwif onfrSm xnfh oGif;

ygovm; bk&m;? xd kenf;wl oD[dkVf wGif pwk wˆ o*F g,emwifcJ haom 0Ã*gr%drif;}uD;.aqmif&G ufcsufrsm;udkyg pwk wˆ oo*Fg,emwGif a&; om;rSwfwrf;wifcJhygovm; bk&m;? wynf hawmf wdk ‹ a0omvD wGif wifcJ h aomo*Fg,emta-umif;ud k pmayrsm;Yvnf;aumif;/ ord kif;±kyf-uGif;t axmuf txm;t&vnf;aumif; awG‹&Sd&ygonf? wynfh awmfwd k‹ESif h wuG EdkifiHjcm;okawoDwdk ‹uyg vufcHxm;ygonf bk&m;?

ar;cGef ; (5) ar;cGef ; (5) ar;cGef ; (5) ar;cGef ; (5) &ckdifjynf&Sd "mwfawmfrsm;ud k ausm±d k;awmf"mwf/ OD;&mZfawmf

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ygonf? bk&m;&Sif.-uGif;usefvd kufaom "mwf awmfrsm;ud k ESpfjynfaxmif rif;wdk ‹tm; a'geykÀm;u a0ay;&ygonf? rdrdwkd ‹t&yfa'owd k‹wGif ud k; uG ,fcJh-uygonf? xdk"mwfawmfrsm;udk r-umrS DtZmwowfrif;onf wdk uf cdk uf ,l_yD; &mZ_*dK[fjynfrSm ajrxJapwD wnfxm;cJ hygonf? "mwfawmf ta-umif;Tae&mwGifqH k;aeyg_yD? Tonfum; aygifawmf"mwf/ rsufvH k; awmf"mwf/ vnf±d k;awmf"mwfponfjzifh t@uxmrSm ryg&S dyg?

"mwf awmf rsm;&&S d yH k "mwf awmf rsm;&&S d yH k "mwf awmf rsm;&&S d yH k "mwf awmf rsm;&&S d yH k od k‹aomf "mwfawmfrsm;rSm ,ae‹&ckdifjynfYtrnfemrESihfwuG

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wnf&S daeao;onf? T"mwfawmfrsm; &ck difjynfod k‹ b,fyHkb,fenf;

a&muf&S dvmonf ud k &Sif;vif;av#mufxm;ygonf? jrwfpGmbk&m; y&dedAŠmef pHvGef_yD; ESpf aygif; (818) ESpf t-umwGif ygËvdykwfjynfY oD&d"rRmaom urif;}uD; xD;eef;pdk;pHcJhygonf? xd krif;}uD;onf "rRcE<maygif; &Spfaomif; av;axmifudk&nfpl;_yD; apwD wnfvd kojzifh jrwfpGmbk&m;."mwfawmf arG awmfrsm;ud k &SmazGcJ hygonf? tZmwowfrif;jr‡Kyfxm;cJh aom "mwfawmf rsm;ud k wl;azmf ,lcJ hygonf? xk d"mwfawmfrsm;rSm a&$yef;uefwGif wpk w aygif;wnf; jzpfaeygonf? xkd"mwfawmfrsm;ud k t&Sifarm*~vd uyk wW wd

\rax&fonf tom;rSjzpfaom"mwf/ t±d k;rSjzpfaom"mwf/ taoG;rS jzpf aom"mwfponfjzif h cG Jjcm;cJhygonf? tao;pdwftm;jzifhOD;acgif;awmf "mwf/ OD;aESmufawmf"mwf/ rsufvHk;awmf"mwfponfjzifh jrwfpGmbk&m; .t*Fg}uD;i,frSjzpfaom "mwfawmfrsm;ud k wpfckcsif;cG Jjcrf;_yD; oD&d"rRm aomurif;}uD;tm;ay;oem;cJhygonf? oD&d"rRmaomurif;}uD;onf"mwf awmfrsm;ud k&&Sd aomtcg Xmyemavonf? TapwDwnf&rnf hae&m a'o rsm;ud k t&Sifarm*vdyk wWwd\rax&ftm; ar;av#mufcJ hygonf? xd ktcg t&Sifarm*~vdyk wW wd\rax&f u ‘wumawmfrif;}uD; T"mwfawmfrsm;

ud k Xmyem_yD; apwD wnf&efa'orsm;rSm jrwfpGmbk&m; oufawmfxif&Sm; &SdpOf uyif Asm'd wfcsrSwfcJ haomae&mwd kif;wGif apwD wnf&rnf[k ajymcJhyg onf? xd kae&mrsm;od k‹ apwD wnf&ef twG uf "mwfawmfrsm;udk ydk ‹aqmif &rnfjzpfa-umif; rdef ‹jrGufcJ hygonf? xdk tcg t&Sif arm*~vdyk wW d\r ax&fonf t&SifAmulvrax&fESifh t&Sif wd\rax&f wd k‹tm; jrwfpGmbk&m; Asm'dwfcsrSwfcJ honfh &ckdifjynf&Sdae&mtESH ‹rsm;wGif apwD wnfxm; &ef "mwfawmfrsm;ud kyd k‹apcJ honf?

ol &d ,puU rif ;vuf xuf ol &d ,puU rif ;vuf xuf ol &d ,puU rif ;vuf xuf ol &d ,puU rif ;vuf xuf xkd t&Sif wd k‹onf aumif;uifc&D;jzifh &ckdifjynfodk ‹-uGa&mufcJ h

ygonf? ,if;tcsdefwGif &ck difjynf"n0wDwGif ol&d,puUrif;}uD;rif;jyK vsuf&Sdygonf? xdk"mwfawmfrsm;udk t&SifESpfyg;onf ol&d,puUrif;}uD; tm;ay;tyf_yD; apwD wnf&rnfh t&yfa'orsm;ud kvnf; ajymcJhygonf ? ol&d ,puUrif;}uD;onf "mwf awmfrsm;udk vufcH_yD; rS L;}uD;/ rwf}uD;/ ppf ol

}uD;rsm;udkapwD wnf&ef twG uf "mwfawmfrsm;ud kay;tyf_yD; jrwfpGmbk&m; Asm'dwfjrG ufqd kcJ h onf h ae&mwdkif;odk ‹oGm;a&mufI apwDrsm;ud kwnfapyg

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onf bk&m;? jrwfpGmbk&m; &ck difjynfodk ‹-uGa&mufcJ haomtcg &yf wef‹awmf

rl_yD; Asm'dwfay;cJhaomaovm*D&dawmifawmfY ausm±d k;awmf"mwf ud k Xmyem_yD; apwDwnfcJhygonf? rÍLyAŠ wawmifwGif csuf awmf"mwfud k Xmyem_yD; apwD wnfcJhygonf? rd*yAŠwawmifY oif;uspf awmf"mwfud k XmyemIapwDwnfcJ hygonf bk&m;?

wjynf vHk ;rS m wjynf vHk ;rS m wjynf vHk ;rS m wjynf vHk ;rS m Tod k‹&ck difjynfwjynfvH k;wGif Asm'dwfawmf0ifapwD(248) ql

ud k wnfcJ hygonf? "mwfawmfapwDrsm;udk jrwfpGmbk&m; y&dedAŠmefpHvGef_yD; rSom vmwnfjcif;jzpfaoma-umif h jrwfpGmbk&m;onf "mwfawmfrsm;ud k Tonf um; OD;acgif;awmf"mwf/ Tonf OD;aESmuf awmf"mwf/ aygifawmf "mwf/ ajcovH k;awmf"mwfponfjzifh cGJjcrf;a[mxm;jcif;udk rjyKEdkifawmh yg bk&m;? ,if;a-umif h bk&m;a[mygVdawmf t@uxmponfwdk ‹rSm ryg&S d jcif;jzpfygonfbk&m;? ,if;okd ‹ryg0ifcJhI ,ck&Sdaeaom ppf uk dif;awmif/ rEWav;awmifwkd ‹ESif hwuG wynfhawmf wkd ‹&ckdif wGif&Sdaom ykÀm;u|ef; OD;&mZfawmf/ ausmufqdyfawmf"mwf wkd ‹r&Sd[k ypfy,fvk duf&ygrnfvm;

bk&m;? wynfh awmf &ckdifjynf u y,f&k HESif h roif hawmfyg w_ydKif wnf; ypf y,f-u&ygrnf?

trS ef wnf aom"mwf awmfrsm; trS ef wnf aom"mwf awmfrsm; trS ef wnf aom"mwf awmfrsm; trS ef wnf aom"mwf awmfrsm; t@uxm ygVdawmfponf wd k‹rSm ryg&S daomfvnf; ,ae‹xuf

wd kif ausm±d k;awmf"mwf/ csufawmf"mwf/ v#mawmf"mwfponfjzifh wnf&S d aeygonf? T"mwfawmf trnfrsm;udkvnf; "n0wDacwfrSp_yD; acwf

tquf quf .bk&ifrsm; jyefvnfjyKjyifcJhonf udk urnf;ausmufpmxd k; xm;cJhygonfbk&m;? xkd a-umif h bk&m;a[m ygVdawmft@uxm ponf wd k‹rSm rygaomfvnf; trSefpifppfwnf&S daom"mwfawmfarGawmfrsm;jzpf a-umif; av#mufxm;ygonfbk&m;? "mwfawmfarGawmfapwDrsm;rSm up>y e'D (ac:) ukvm;wefjrpf. 0J,mwav#mufYvnf;aumif;/ tOPee'D(ac:) av;_rdK‹jrpf. 0J ,mwav#mufYvnf;aumif;/ o&D&e'D (ac:) o&Dacsmif; . 0J,mwav#mufYvnf;aumif;/ &E<e'D (ac:) &rf;acsmif;jrpf. 0J ,mw av#mufYvnf;aumif;/ &rf;_AJu|ef;/ z±Hk umu|ef;/ oH wG Jpaomae&ma'o tES H‹ &ck difwjynfvHk;wGif jrwfpGmbk&m;."mwfawmfrsm;onfwnfxm;

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cJhygonf? Ak'<."mwfawmfEdkifiH[kvnf; ac:oif hygonf?

ar;cGef ; (6) ar;cGef ; (6) ar;cGef ; (6) ar;cGef ; (6) &cdkifjynfwGif toHk;jyKaomydËuwfygVdawmfrsm;rSm jrefrmrljzpf

oavm/ rnf onf hrljzpfoenf;/ o*Fg,emajcmuf wef wGifygaomrljzpf oavm ajz &Sif;ay;yg?

wynfhawmfwdk ‹&ckdifjynfwGiftoHk;jyKaomydËuwf ud k }udK;wef; ydËuwfawmf[kac:ygonf? t&Sifbk&m;wk d‹ jrefrmjynfukda&muf&S daom ydËuwfawmfrSm jrefrmbk&iftaemf&xmu rGefjynf oxk Huk dodrf;_yD; rGef rif;rEl[mESifh ydËuwfawmf tpk H uk d odrf;,lI &vmjcif;jzpfygonf? oxH k ydËuwfawmfrSmvnf; oD[d kVfrS wqif ha&mufvmaom ydËuwfawmfjzpfI oD[dkVfydËuwf ac:a-umif; od&ygonfbk&m;? oD[d kVfrSmvnf; &Sifr[m aCmoydËuwfESif h oD[dkVfEkdifiH om;wdk ‹tac: p&d,ydËuwf[lI&Sdygonf bk&m;? xkdif;/ AD,uferf/ vmtd kwd k‹rSm&S daomydËuwfrsm;udk Zif;r,f yÀmoydËuwfawmf[kac:a-umif;od&S d&ygonf?

}ud K;wef ;ydÉuwf }ud K;wef ;ydÉuwf }ud K;wef ;ydÉuwf }ud K;wef ;ydÉuwf wynfhawmfwdk ‹ &ckdifydËuwf udk tb,fa-umifh }udK;wef;

ydËuwf[kac:&jcif;udk &Sif;ygrnfbk&m;? yxrt}udrf o*F g,emrl twd kif; 'kwd ,t}udrfo*F g,emwifcJ hygonf? 'k wd ,t}udrfo*F g,emrltwd kif; wwd,t}udrf o*F g,emwifcJ hygonf? &ckdifjynfwGifvnf; pwkwWt}udrf o*F g,emwGif wwd,t}udrf url twk dif; o*F g,emwifcJ hygonf bk&m;?

TuJ h od k‹ rl&if;twd kif; tqifh qif hpwk wœt}udrfxd qif;oufvmaomf vnf; ydËuwfawmfrsm;ud k jznfhpG ufjcif;/ jyifqifjcif;/ E+wfy,fjcif; vHk;0 rjyKbJwaoGrwdrf; &ck dif tac: pmrsOf;tc|wfyifv#if rSef uefaomydËuwf awmfjzpfygonf? pmrsOf;qd konfrSm rsOf;a-umif;ud kac:ygonf? a&S; pum;rSm rsOf;a-umif;udk }udK;wef;[k ac:ygonf? Oyrmtm;jzifh opf wH k; wpfwH k;udk v$ q&mu A[dkcGJvdkv#if opf wHk;.acgif;rSae rD;aoG;ok wfvdrf; xm;aom}udK;ud k tv,fusatmifxm;_yD; tjcm;wbuf u vlwpfOD;u

}udK;ud kwif;aeatmif ud kifI }udK;ud kqG J±dk uf&ygonf? xdk tcg rD;aoG;ok wf vdrf;xm;aom}udK;.ta-umif;onf opfwHk;ay:Y xif&Sm;pGmay:aeyg

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(25)

onf? vHk;0aumufauG‹jcif;r&Sdyg? xdkenf;wlpGm &ck difjynf&S d ydËuwfawmf rsm;rSmvnf; }udK;wef;onftaumuftauG‹ r&Sd ouJ h od k‹ jyKjyifjcif;/ jyif qifjcif;/ E+wfy,fjcif;wnf;[laom csKd ‹,Gif;csuf taumuftauG‹ r&Sdyg ojzifh }udK;wef;ydËuwf[k ac:wGif-uygonf bk&m;?

ydÉuwf wdk uf av;q,f h&Spf ck ydÉuwf wdk uf av;q,f h&Spf ck ydÉuwf wdk uf av;q,f h&Spf ck ydÉuwf wdk uf av;q,f h&Spf ck a&S;&ckdifbk&ifrsm;tkyfpdk;aomacwf u ajrmufOD;_rdK‹.ywf0ef;

usif wGif oHCmwaxmifqef ‹aom ausmif;awmf}uD; (36) ausmif;&S dcJ h a-umif; rSwfom;&ygonf? xd kausmif;wd kuf}uD;rsm;Y Ak'<pmayud k oif-um;

ae-uaom oHCmawmfrsm;wdk ‹onf }udK;wef;ydËuwf ud kpHxm;I avhvm -uygonf? xd kydËuwf awmfrsm;udkxm;&S d&eftwGuf ydËuwf wd k uf (ac:) ykxkd;rsm;ud k ajrmufOD;_rdK‹ae&mtES H‹wGif awG‹&S d&ygonf? ordkif;tqdk t& ydËuwfwd kufaygif;av;q,fh&Spfck&S dcJ ha-umif;od&Sd&ygonf? ,ck tcg _ydK ysuf oGm;ojzifh wcsKd ‹w0uf udk om awG‹&ygonf? ,ckxufwd kif taumif; yuwdawG‹&aom ydËuwf wk d ufrSm (jcif ud k uf ) ydËuwf/ (bawmf )ydËuwf wd k uf/ (r,fawmf ul )ydËuwfwdk ufwdk ‹jzpf-uygonf?

,if;a-umif h a&S;acwf ua&;om;cJh-uaomaypmrsm;Y a0om vDwGif o*Fg,emwGifcJ hpOf u rl tjzpfxm;cJhaom}udK;wef;ydËuwfwdk uf awmfrSwqifh a&;ul;jcif;jzpfa-umif;ud k aypm.tqH k;Y }udK;wef;ydËuwf awmf twd kif;a&;ul;jcif;jzpfygonf[ka&;om;xm;onf udk ,ae‹wd kifaypm rsm;wGif awG‹&SdEdkifygao;onf bk&m;?

wynfhawmfonf t&Sifbk&m;.ar;cGef;rsm;ud k &Sif;vif;ajzqd k cJh onfrSm(4)em&D -umjrifhcJ hyg_yD? wynf hawmf .&Sif;vif;ajzqd kcsufrsm;ud k

vnf;oabmayguf vufcHvdrfhrnfxifygonf? t&Sifbk&m;wd k‹rSmvnf; bk&m;zl;&ef&Sdaeygao;I wynf hawmf .&Sif;vif;ajzqd kcsufrsm;udk tqH k; owfcGif hjyKyg bk&m;?

q&m}uD;u q&mawmf}uD;rsm;tm; aemufxyfar;jref;p&m&Sd ygao;ovm;[k avSsmufxm;&m xyfrHar;jref;jcif;r&SdbJ ppf uk dif;q&m awmf}uD;u onf tcsufrsm;uk dvnf; ul;,lxm;oif ha-umif; rdrdwk d‹wGif r&S d a-umif; ajym-um;cJh_yD; bk&m;zl;&eftwG uf nae (5) em&Dcef‹wGif &Spf aomif;ykxdk;awmf}uD;rS jyefvnf-uG oGm;cJhygonf? ?




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(27)

q&m}uD ;OD ;OD ;omxG ef;uk d ,f a&;tusOf; q&m}uD ;OD ;OD ;omxG ef;uk d ,f a&;tusOf; q&m}uD ;OD ;OD ;omxG ef;uk d ,f a&;tusOf; q&m}uD ;OD ;OD ;omxG ef;uk d ,f a&;tusOf;

q&m}uD;OD;OD;omxGef;uk d &cd kifjynfe,f/ ajrmufOD;jrdK‹ anmif yifaps;&GmteD; tzOD;aumif;pH&$ D/ trd a':atmif-uGZHwk d‹rS (1917) ck Ed k0if bmv (23) &uf/ aom-umae‹wGif zGm;jrifcJhonf? wOD;wnf;aomom; jzpfonf? i,fpOfrSpI tbd k;jzpfol&mZ0ifq&m}uD; OD;omxGef;atmif u &cdkif&mZ0if/ aq;usrf;/ euQ wf usrf;/ yl&m%f usrf;rsm;tm; E+wf wd k uf tm*H k

oif-um;ay;cJh onf? e0rwef;wGif ynmoif-um;aepOf zcifuG,fvGef aoma-umifh ausmif;xG ufvd k uf&jyD; &[ef;yk*~ dKvf wk d‹xHwGif ouUÉygVd/ ord kif;/ tif;/ aA'ifESifhtjcm;avmuDynm&yfrsm;ud k oif-um;avhvm qnf;yl;cJh onf?

(1950) ckESpfrS (1955) ckESpfxd rlvwef;ausmif;q&mtjzpf 0ifa&mufvkyf ud kifcJ h_yD; (1955) ckESpfrS (1977) ckESpfxdajrmufOD;jrdK‹/ a&S; a[mif;okawoeXmecGJwGif &cdkif=jrefrmy¾dwftjzpf wm0efxrf;aqmif cJh onf? ,ckvuf&S dajrmufOD;a&S;a[mif;okawoejywd k uf}uD;onf q&m }uD;pkaqmif;wnf aqmufcJ haomjywkd uf}uD; jzpfonf? (1977) ckESpfrS (1983) ckESpfxd ajrmufOD;_rdK‹ a&S;a[mif;okawoeXmecGJ wGif t}uHay; yk*~dKvftjzpf qufvufwm0efxrf;aqmifcJ honf? (1980) ckESpfrS (1983) ckESpfxd wl;azmfcJ haom &cd kifa0omvDjrdK‹a[mif; wl;azmfr+vkyfief;wGif udk ,f wd kif ud k ,f usyg0ifwl;azmfaqmif&G ufcJ h onf?

ajrmufOD;_rdK‹bk&m;ordkif; (1301 ckESpf) (ykHES dyf )/ OD;&mZfawmif bk&m;ordkif;usrf; jyifqifjznfhpGufcsuf (yHkEdSyf ) (1952 = 53)/ &uQdKiftrsdK;

orD;ol&Jaumif;twˆKy` wW d (1953=54) (yH kEd Syf)/ &uQ dKif&mZ0if oaoFy usrf; (1954=55) yHkESdyf/ 0oJbk&m;ordkif; (yH kES dyf)/ &Sifowfbk&m;ord kif; (yHkES dyf )rsm;tm; yHkESdyfxk wfa0cJ h onf? &uQ dKif uAsmaygif;csKyf/ &uQ dKif&mZ0if (bmomjyef)/ &uQ dKif'*F g;rsm; (bmomjyef)/ &uQ dKif"gwfawmfbk&m;apwD rsm;ESifh ajrmufOD;jrdK‹wef;cdk;}uD;bk&m;rsm;/ ordkif;usrf;pmrsm;uk d a&;om; jyKpk_yD; b¾ma&;0ef}uD;qmOD;xGef;atmif ausmfxHwGif tyfcJ honf?

tHawmfodrfbk&m;ordkif;usrf;/ oJxufbk&m;ordkif;/ xD;awmf

rdk;bk&m;ord kif;/ abmif;'G wfewfawmifbk&m;ordkif;/ a0omvDbk&m;}uD; ord kif;/ odrfawmf}uD;bk&m;ordkif;/ r[mxD; bk&m;ordkif;/ yg;awmf bk&m;




ord kif;/ bk&m;ay:bk&m;ord kif;/ &Spfaomif;bk&m;ord kif;/ r*Fvm"gwfa&$ ul

bk&m;ordkif;rsm;ud k vuFmpum;ajyarmfuGef;ponf hwk d‹jzifh a&;om;xkwfa0 cJh onf? "n0wDr*~Zif;tm; pmwnf;/ t,f'Dwmtjzpf wm0ef,lxk wf

a0cJhonf? "n0wDpmapmif/ "n0wDr*~Zif;/ &cdkif wefaqmif r*~Zif;/ rEW av;jynfol‹ *sme,f/ &ef ukefr*~Zif;/ pH kaxmufr*~Zif;/ ,Ofaus;r+pmapmif/ &cdkifr*~Zif;/ ppfawGaumvdyfr*~Zif;/ &cdkifjynfe,fpmapmif/ OD;&mZfajr r*~Zif;rsm;wGif OD;OD;omxGef;/ OD;ol&d ,tp&Sdaom uavmif trnfrsm;jzifh

aqmif;yg;rsm;a&;om;cJh onf? jrdKapmifhewf a'0wmAvDylaZmf usrf;/ tO…e ed'gef;aq;usrf;/ &ckdifpnfjyKvkyfyHkESifh wD;uG uf/ wD;vkH;rsm;/ uAsmrsm; pkaygif;pmwrf;/ &cdkifxdrf;jrm;r*Fvmyef;wsm;wD;vH k;wD;uG ufESifh jyKvkyfyH k twdkif;twmpmwrf;/ &cd kif owfyH k owfn$ef;cG Jxm;jcif; t"dy` g,fxG ufyH k pmwrf;/ &cdkifyvGD (jyGD )trsdK;rsdK; jyKvkyfyH k twd kif;twmpmwrf;/ o#dKif'd kif/ aumufOD;qGrf;wif/ yk d;0g/ Ak'<ylZed , qDrD;cG uftu/ aw;jcif;uAsm ponfwkd ‹uk d a&;om;jyKpkcJhonf?

qif,ifxH k;zGJ ‹r+ usrf; (rl-urf;)/ &cdkif&mZ0if (rl-urf;)/ &cdkif tuQ&mqif;oufvmyH k usrf; (rl}urf;)/ &cdkifausmufpmaygif;csKyfusrf; (rl -urf;)/ &cdkifbk&if ord kif;usrf;(rl-urf;)/ &cd kifrif;om;a'gifrmwif (rl-urf;)/ o#ifOD;jr0gusrf; (rl-urf;)/ &cdkifrif;orD;{csif;±Sif;vif;csuf(rl-urf;)/ Asmvpmwrf; (rl-urf;)/ ausmufawmf_rdK‹ aovm*D&Darm&yŠ wawmifajc&if; rS awG‹cJh&aomausmuf qpfvuf&mrsm; okawoejyKcsuf (rl-urf;) ponf wk d‹udka&;om; jyKpkcJ h onf? -opa-w;vsEd kifiH trsdK;om; wuU od kvf okawoDPamela Gutman . ( Ancient Arakan) usrf;jyKpkpOfwGifvnf;aumif;/

jyifopfEdkifiH yg&DjrdK‹rS ygarmuQ a&mzwf qmAf&f( Bernot) twG uf &cdkifyHkjyif vdyf uefzmr0wˆKESifh usD;jzL&Gmpmwrf;rsm;udk vnf;aumif;/ jyifopfEdkifiH ygarmuQOD;vS odef; (ac:) *G sefef td k uJvfzd k‹. apwD taqmuf ttHkESifh eef; taqmuf ttH kpmwrf;udkvnf;aumif;/ tar&d uefEdkifiH tm&Sazmifa';&Sif; twGif;a&;rSL; a';Apfpwdrf;Ampf. a0omvDausmuf&kyf wk qif;wkrsm;. ESpfaygif;-umanmif;r+ tm; wd kif;wmr+pmwrf;ud kvnf;aumif;/ *syefEdkifiH ygarmuQ tdkEdk wd k&±+ESif h &cd kifpum;ajym av,lavodrf; toHxG ufykHpmwrf;

ESifh abmif;'Gwf t&yfwGif&S daom 'wfcsf aumifq,fvmtaqmufttH kyH kpH

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ESifh ul;oef;a&mif;0,fcJ hyk H pmwrf;ud kvnf;aumif;a&;om;jyKpkulnDcJ honf?

EdkifiH awmftpdk;&,Ofaus;r+XmeESifh tjcm;yk*~dKvfwkd ‹ud kvnf; q&m}uD;onf ulnDay;cJh onf? OD;rif;Edkif .jynfaxmifpk tuya'om pmtkyf (1959)/ &cd kifwd kif;&if;om;vlrsdK; jzpfpOfESif h "avhxHk;pHrsm;pmtkyf/ wd kif;&if;om;,Ofaus;r+&d k;&m"avhxH k;pHrsm;/ &cdkifjynfe,fb¾mwd kuf}uD; rsm;usrf;/ &cdkif&d k;&mpnfawmfESif h wl&d,mwD;uG ufrsm;pmwrf;/ jrefrm a0g [m&tbd"gef usrf;jyKpkpOf a0g[m&pmvHk;rsm;jyKpk_yD; ay;ykd‹jcif;/ &cdkif a0g [m&tbd"gefjyKpkpOf a0g[m&pmvHk;rsm;ESif ht"dy` g,f zGifhqd kcsuf/ usrf; ud k;um;csufrsm;pmtkyfjyKpkjcif;/ (1976 = 77) ck &cd kifjynfe,fae‹/ &cdkif jynfe,f/ wHqdyf/ &cd kif&d k;&m usm;§r 0wfpH k pmwrf;/ &cdkifjynfe,fjzpfpOf ord kif;/ ajrmufOD;vrf;n$efponfwdk ‹ud k yg0ifulnDa&;om;jyKpkcJ honf?

txuf wef;ynmOD;pD;Xmen$efcsKyf (jidrf;) ygarmuQOD;pH om atmif twG ufvnf; (1972)ck tbd"rRmaumufEk wfcsuf yk&yd k uf udk rdk uf c&dkzvif&dk ufESdyf&eftwGufvnf;aumif;/ *0du¾ygo%usrf;ayrludk rdk uf c&dkzvif&dk ufEdkif&efvnf;aumif;/ vS sdK‹0S ufausmufpm*%ef;a&;enf;ayrluk d rkd uf u&d kzvif&k duf&efvnf;aumif;/ at'D(6) &mpkESif h ,if;rwk difrS D u &ckdif

jynfe,fokH; tuQ&mpmtkyfjyKpk&mwGifvnf;aumif;/ teENpjENm; (8) &mpk &ckdifa0omvDpmtkyfjyKpk&mwGifvnf;aumif;/ &ckdif'*F g;rsm;ordkif;jyKpk&m wGif vnf;aumif;/ Ak'<tEkynm (Buddhist Art of Ancient Arakan)

pmtkyfjyKpk&mwGifvnf;aumif; yg0ifulnDcJ h onf? (1959)ckESpfrSm jrefrmhtoH a&'D,kdrS &ck dif toH uk d tpqk H;toH

v$ifhcJh onf? wdrfjrKyfaysmufuG ,f oGm;cJ h_yDjzpfaom &ckdif ,Of aus;r+tarG tESpf/ &ckdifordkif;/ &ckdifhpmay/ &ckdif h&k d;&m"avhxk H;wrf;pOfvmrsm;tm;

urBmuodatmif&SmazGpkaqmif; avhvmaz:xkwfcJ h onf? xdef;odrf;apmif h a&SmufcJ honf? &ckdif ol/ &ckdif om;rsm;ukdvnf; &ckdifh ,Ofaus;r+ trG D tESpf/ &ckdifh ork dif;/ &ck dih fpmay/ &ckdifh&d k;&m "avhxk H;wrf;pOfvm az:xkwfxdef;odrf; umuG ,f apmifha&Smuf&efvnf; t_rJaqmf-ocJ honf? q&m}uD;onf &ckdifh ,Ofaus;r+ tarG tESpf/ &ck difh ork dif;/ &ck difpmay/ &ck dif h&k d;&mxkH;xrf; pOfvm rsm;uk dtopf wpfzefjyefvnfarG;xk wfay;cJhaomzcif}uD;jzpfonf?

q&m}uD;onf &ck dif'Drkd ua&pD&&S da&;/ wk dif;&if;om;rsm; wef;

wl tcGif h ta&;&&Sda&;twG ufvnf; pGrf;pGrf;wrHa&S‹wef;rS OD;aqmifOD;&G uf aqmif&G ufcJh onf? &ck dif'Drk d ua&pD tzGJ ‹csKyf wGif em,u}uD;tjzpfxrf;

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aqmifcJ h_yD; ausmufawmf_rdK‹ rJqENe,ftrS wf (1) wGif jynf ol ‹vG wfawmf

uk d ,fpm;vS ,f avmif;wpfOD;vnf;jzpfonf? q&m}uD;onf &ckdif'Drk d ua&pD tzG J‹csKyf .pnf;&kH;a&;c&D;pOftjzpf te,fe,ft&yf&yf ok d‹ rJqG ,fw&m; a[mxGufpOf rif;jym;_rdK‹e,f/ jym;acsmif;aus;&Gm rJ qG ,f w&m;a[myGJ wGif w&m;a[maepOf zrf;qD;cH&_yD; axmif oGif;tusOf;cscHcJh&onf? q&m}uD; tm; trsKd;om;a&;w&m;a[monf ponfjzifh trsKd;rsKd;pG Jcsuf wif_yD; zrf; qD;cJhjcif;jzpfonf? Armppftpk d;&.wkdif;jynfay:rw&m;apmfum;r+rsm;uk d q&m}uD;.tcsuf usus a0zefa[majymr+rsm;a-umifh Armppf0g'Drsm;/ Arm vlrsKd;}uD;0g'Drsm;tm; temay:wk wf usouJh ok d‹ qwf qwfxd rcHr&yfEkdif jzpfcJh&onf? xkd ‹a-umif h q&m}uD;tm; t_idK;xm;um rw&m;zrf;qD;cJh_yD; axmif'g%f (3) ESpf tjypfay;um ppfawG axmifwGif tusOf;csxm;cJh onf? axmifxJ wGif q&m}uD;tm; xrif;auGs;&mwGif pdef tp&S daom tqdyfygonf htpm;tpmrsm;tm; ae‹pOfvk dvk d tenf;i,fxnfh auGs;vkyf}uH cJh&m axmif us_yD; (5) vt-um (1990) -o*wf (pf) (14) wGif uG,fvGef cJh onf? &ck dif wpfrsKd;om;vk H; av;pm;-unfndKaom q&m}uD;tm; (e0w) ppftpkd;&u n‡Of;yrf; ESdyfpuf tqdyfcyfowfjzwf um &cdkif wpfrsKd;om;vk H;

OD;usKd;atmif csdK;ES drfcJhjcif;jzpfonf? q&m}uD;aoqk H;jcif;onf olwkd ‹vufcsuf r[k wfa-umif;uk d

ckdifvkHxif&Sm;ap&ef Armppftpk d;&onf vkyf}uHaqmif;yg;rsm; zef wD;a&; om;cJh onf? q&m}uD;aoqk H;&jcif;onf OD;acgif;wGif aoG;rwdwf onf h a&m*g (Cerebral Haemorrhage) jzifh tusOf;axmifaq;&kH wGif aoqk H;cJ h &jcif;jzpfa-umif; The Truth trnf&Sd aqmif;yg;rsm;jzifh vkyf}uHzefwD;cJ h onf?

q&m}uD;uG ,fvGefcsdefwGif q&m}uD;Y ZeD;a':rpdef omESif h om; uk dausmfxGef;atmif tyg t0if orD; (4) OD;usef&SdcJ h onf? q&m}uD;uG,fvGefjcif;onf &ckdifwpfrsKd;om;vkH;twGuf

t}uD;rm;qkH;aomqkH;&+ H;r+}uD;wpf&yfjzpfonf? q&m}uD;tm; &uf&ufpuf puf vkyf}uH owfjzwfcJh olrsm;rSm ArmvlrsKd;}uD;0g'Drsm;ESif h Armppf0g'Drsm; jzpfonf? olwk d‹onf q&m}uD;.&kyfcE<mtm; owfjzwfEkdifcJhaomfvnf; q&m}uD;. &ck difjynfESif h &ck difvlrsKd;tay:cspf onf h pdwf"mwfuk dum; owf Ir&EkdifcJhacs? q&m}uD;.rGefjrwf oef ‹pifaom rsKd;cspfpd wf"mwfonf &ckdif rsKd;qufvli,frsm;wGif qufvuf pdrf h0ifysH ‹ESH ‹vsuf&Sd onf?

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q&m}uD;onfum; &ckdifjynfESifh &ckdiforkdif;wGif tpOfxm0&

xGef;vif;awmufyaernf h tmZmenf-u,f wpfyGifhjzpfayonf?

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tcsKyftjcmtm%myk dif &ck difEkdifiHawmf tcsKyftjcmtm%myk dif &ck difEkdifiHawmf tcsKyftjcmtm%myk dif &ck difEkdifiHawmf tcsKyftjcmtm%myk dif &ck difEkdifiHawmf (bDpD = 3325 rS bDpD = 1784)

• yxr "n0wDacwf (bDpD 3325 = bDpD 1507)• 'kwd, "n0wDacwf (bDpD 1507 = bDpD 580)• wwd , "n0wDacwf (bDpD 580 = at'D 326)• a0omvDausmufavS um;acwf (at'D 327 = at'D 818)• av;jrdK‹acwf (at'D 818 = at'D 1430)

= yOPm_rdK‹ (at'D 818 = at'D 1103) = yxry&def_rdK‹ (at'D 1103 = at'D 1123) = 'k wd,y&def_rdK‹ (at'D 1123 = at'D 1250) = avmif;-uuf_rdK‹ (at'D 1250 = at'D 1404)

Ð tif;0bk&ifrif;acgif odrf;ydk ufI &cdkifbk&ifrif;apmrGef ol&wef bk&ifxHcdkvHkpOf umv (at'D 1404 = at'D 1429)

• ajrmufOD;acwf (at'D 1430 = at'D 1784) = yxrajrmufOD; (at'D 1430 = at'D 1531) = 'k wd,ajrmufOD; (at'D 1531 = at'D 1638) = wwd ,ajrmufOD; (at'D 1638 = at'D 1784)

uGsefb0a&muf &ck dif jynf uGsefb0a&muf &ck dif jynf uGsefb0a&muf &ck dif jynf uGsefb0a&muf &ck dif jynf (at'D 1784 rS ,ae‹txd)

• Armudkvd keDacwf (1784 = 1826)• t*Fvdyfacwf (1826 = 1942)• *syefacwf (1942 = 1945)• t*Fvdyf ud kvd keDacwf (1945 = 1948)• ArmvlrsdK;}uD;0g'DESif h Armppftm%m&Sifacwf (1948 = ,ck tcsdefxd)



&ck difjynfvk H;qk dif&m ausmif;om;ESif h vl i,frsm; tpnf;t±k H;&ck difjynfvk H;qk dif&m ausmif;om;ESif h vl i,frsm; tpnf;t±k H;&ck difjynfvk H;qk dif&m ausmif;om;ESif h vl i,frsm; tpnf;t±k H;&ck difjynfvk H;qk dif&m ausmif;om;ESif h vl i,frsm; tpnf;t±k H; All Arakan Students’ & Youths’ Congress

OD;wnfcsuf (7) &yf OD;wnfcsuf (7) &yf OD;wnfcsuf (7) &yf OD;wnfcsuf (7) &yf 1? &ckdifausmif;om;ESifh vli,frsm; Av (5) wef zGH‹_zdK; 1? &ckdifausmif;om;ESifh vli,frsm; Av (5) wef zGH‹_zdK; 1? &ckdifausmif;om;ESifh vli,frsm; Av (5) wef zGH‹_zdK; 1? &ckdifausmif;om;ESifh vli,frsm; Av (5) wef zGH‹_zdK;

wkd;wufa&;? wkd;wufa&;? wkd;wufa&;? wkd;wufa&;? 2? &ckdif ha*[pepfESifh ,Ofaus;r+tarGtepfrsm; xdef;odrf; 2? &ckdif ha*[pepfESifh ,Ofaus;r+tarGtepfrsm; xdef;odrf; 2? &ckdif ha*[pepfESifh ,Ofaus;r+tarGtepfrsm; xdef;odrf; 2? &ckdif ha*[pepfESifh ,Ofaus;r+tarGtepfrsm; xdef;odrf;

apmifha&S mufa&;? apmifha&S mufa&;? apmifha&S mufa&;? apmifha&S mufa&;?

3? &ckdifwpfrsKd;om;vkH;aoG;pnf;nDnG wfa&;? 3? &ckdifwpfrsKd;om;vkH;aoG;pnf;nDnG wfa&;? 3? &ckdifwpfrsKd;om;vkH;aoG;pnf;nDnG wfa&;? 3? &ckdifwpfrsKd;om;vkH;aoG;pnf;nDnG wfa&;? 4? e,fcsJ‹vlrsKd;}uD;0g'ESif h ppftm%m&Sifpepfwkd ufzsufa&;? 4? e,fcsJ‹vlrsKd;}uD;0g'ESif h ppftm%m&Sifpepfwkd ufzsufa&;? 4? e,fcsJ‹vlrsKd;}uD;0g'ESif h ppftm%m&Sifpepfwkd ufzsufa&;? 4? e,fcsJ‹vlrsKd;}uD;0g'ESif h ppftm%m&Sifpepfwkd ufzsufa&;? 5? tzdES dyfcHwkdif;&if;om; jynfol wpf&yfvkH; vGwfajrmufa&;? 5? tzdES dyfcHwkdif;&if;om; jynfol wpf&yfvkH; vGwfajrmufa&;? 5? tzdES dyfcHwkdif;&if;om; jynfol wpf&yfvkH; vGwfajrmufa&;? 5? tzdES dyfcHwkdif;&if;om; jynfol wpf&yfvkH; vGwfajrmufa&;? 6? 'Drk dua&pDESifh vl‹tcGifhta&; &&Sda&;? 6? 'Drk dua&pDESifh vl‹tcGifhta&; &&Sda&;? 6? 'Drk dua&pDESifh vl‹tcGifhta&; &&Sda&;? 6? 'Drk dua&pDESifh vl‹tcGifhta&; &&Sda&;? 7? &ckdifwpfrsKd;om;vkH; ukd ,f huH 7? &ckdifwpfrsKd;om;vkH; ukd ,f huH 7? &ckdifwpfrsKd;om;vkH; ukd ,f huH 7? &ckdifwpfrsKd;om;vkH; ukd ,f huH- -- -urRm ukd,fzef wD;cGifhESif h urRm ukd,fzef wD;cGifhESif h urRm ukd,fzef wD;cGifhESif h urRm ukd,fzef wD;cGifhESif h

ukd ,fykdifjy@mef;cGifh &&Sda&;? ukd ,fykdifjy@mef;cGifh &&Sda&;? ukd ,fykdifjy@mef;cGifh &&Sda&;? ukd ,fykdifjy@mef;cGifh &&Sda&;?

booklet of debate between u oo thar htwan&ashin nyanisara

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