boepple, brandon

Heat Transfer in a Rotary Drum via Conduc6on, Convec6on, and Radia6on Brandon Boepple, Chemical Engineering Mentor: Dr. Heather Emady, Assistant Professor School for Engineering of MaDer, Transport, & Energy How is heat transfer in a rotary drum affected by opera6ng parameters such as granular fill level and drum rota6on rate? Heat transfer occurs via 3 modes: conduc6on, convec6on, and radia6on. A general equa6on for total heat transfer is: In this applica6on, heat is transferred through wall-par6cle, par6cle- par6cle, wall-air, and par6cle-air contacts. First, we will complete experiments for conduc6on hea6ng through wall-par6cle, wall-air, and par6cle-par6cle contacts. The drum will be heated externally and is assumed to be sealed so that convec6on effects can be neglected. By opera6ng below roughly 600 K, effects from radia6on are also neglected. From this first round of experiments, we can calculate Q cond . Next, we will perform experiments to study convec6on hea6ng by inser6ng hot air into the drum via a hole in the viewing window. From this round of experiments, we can calculate Q conv from Q tot -Q cond . Lastly, we will consider hea6ng via radia6on by opera6ng at temperatures above 600 K. From this round of experiments, we can calculate Q rad from Q tot – Q cond – Q conv . These values of heat transfer coefficients will be calculated from heat balance equa6ons; the following example equa6on is a heat balance between the drum wall and granular bed. Values of α s can be calculated from the slope of the best-fit line from the graph of ln(T) vs. 6me. Q tot =Q cond +Q conv +Q rad Methodology Future Work Experimental Setup Acknowledgements Chaudhuri et al., Experimentally validated computa6ons of heat transfer in granular materials in rotary calciners, Powder Technology 198 (2010). Manogna Adepu, Graduate Research Associate • The drum is 3 in. long with an inner diameter of 6 in. • Stainless steel (common in industry). • The blue circle is the air inlet hole. • The green circles are the exhaust holes. • The red surrounds the 10 thermocouple inlet holes. • The front window is a sapphire material that can withstand 600+ K for infrared viewing purposes. Rollers for rota6ng the drum. 2 heat guns will be used to heat the drum. They can reach temperatures up to 900 K. Thermocouple (boDom), wireless transmiDer (led), and receiver (right) will be used to collect temperature data. 3mm silica beads, a common catalyst in many industries. • Conduct experiments to quan6fy all 3 heat transfer mechanisms. • Inves6gate the effects of fill level and rota6on rate. • A DOE chart for the conduc6on experiments is shown below, including a total of 48 experiments. The mass required for each fill level was calculated using the following equa6on: Mass=(Fill level)*Φ*ρ*π*R 2 *L where Φ is solids frac6on, ρ is density of par6cles, R is radius of drum, and L is length of drum. Fill Level Mass (g) 10% 213.6 15% 320.4 20% 427.2 25% 534.0 S.No Fill level RotaCon speed Trial (%) (rpm) 1 2 3 1 10 1 1101 2101 3101 2 10 5 1105 2105 3105 3 10 10 11010 21010 31010 4 10 20 11020 21020 31020 5 15 1 1151 2151 3151 6 15 5 1155 2155 3155 7 15 10 11510 21510 31510 8 15 20 11520 21520 31520 9 20 1 1201 2201 3201 10 20 5 1205 2205 3205 11 20 10 12010 22010 32010 12 20 20 12020 22020 32020 13 25 1 1251 2251 3251 14 25 5 1255 2255 3255 15 25 10 12510 22510 32510 16 25 20 12520 22520 32520 Future experiments may also include the use of an infrared camera to gather temperature data while the process is running. This would enhance the accuracy of the results. IntroducCon Rotary drums have many industrial applica6ons with granules, but granules don’t behave like conven6onal solids, liquids, or gases which makes these processes difficult to model and op6mize. The purpose of this research is to quan6fy all three modes of heat transfer in the granular bed and study which modes dominate under varying opera6ng condi6ons.

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HeatTransferinaRotaryDrumviaConduc6on,Convec6on,andRadia6onBrandonBoepple,ChemicalEngineering

Mentor:Dr.HeatherEmady,AssistantProfessorSchoolforEngineeringofMaDer,Transport,&Energy

Howisheattransferinarotarydrumaffectedbyopera6ngparameterssuchasgranularfilllevelanddrumrota6onrate?

Heattransferoccursvia3modes:conduc6on,convec6on,andradia6on.Ageneralequa6onfortotalheattransferis:In this applica6on, heat is transferred through wall-par6cle, par6cle-par6cle, wall-air, and par6cle-air contacts. First, we will completeexperiments for conduc6on hea6ng through wall-par6cle, wall-air, andpar6cle-par6cle contacts. The drum will be heated externally and isassumed to be sealed so that convec6on effects can be neglected. Byopera6ngbelowroughly600K,effects fromradia6onarealsoneglected.Fromthisfirstroundofexperiments,wecancalculateQcond.Next, we will perform experiments to study convec6on hea6ng byinser6nghotairintothedrumviaaholeintheviewingwindow.Fromthisroundofexperiments,wecancalculateQconvfromQtot-Qcond.Lastly,wewillconsiderhea6ngviaradia6onbyopera6ngattemperaturesabove600K.Fromthisroundofexperiments,wecancalculateQradfromQtot– Qcond– Qconv.These values of heat transfer coefficients will be calculated from heatbalance equa6ons; the following example equa6on is a heat balancebetween thedrumwall andgranularbed.Valuesofαs canbecalculatedfromtheslopeofthebest-fitlinefromthegraphofln(T)vs.6me.

Qtot=Qcond+Qconv+Qrad

Methodology

FutureWorkExperimentalSetup

AcknowledgementsChaudhurietal.,Experimentallyvalidatedcomputa6onsofheattransferingranularmaterialsinrotarycalciners,PowderTechnology198(2010).ManognaAdepu,GraduateResearchAssociate

•  Thedrumis3in.longwithaninnerdiameterof6in.•  Stainlesssteel(commoninindustry).•  Thebluecircleistheairinlethole.•  Thegreencirclesaretheexhaustholes.•  Theredsurroundsthe10thermocoupleinletholes.•  Thefrontwindowisasapphirematerialthatcan

withstand600+Kforinfraredviewingpurposes.

Rollers for rota6ng thedrum.

2heatgunswillbeusedto heat the drum. Theycan reach temperaturesupto900K.

Thermocouple (boDom),wi re less t ransmiDer(led),andreceiver(right)will be used to collecttemperaturedata.

3mm silica beads, acommon catalyst inmanyindustries.

•  Conductexperimentstoquan6fyall3heattransfermechanisms.

•  Inves6gatetheeffectsoffilllevelandrota6onrate.•  ADOEchartfortheconduc6onexperimentsisshown

below,includingatotalof48experiments.

Themassrequiredforeachfilllevelwascalculatedusingthefollowingequa6on:Mass=(Filllevel)*Φ*ρ*π*R2*LwhereΦissolidsfrac6on,ρisdensityofpar6cles,Risradiusof drum, and L is length ofdrum.

FillLevel Mass(g)10% 213.615% 320.420% 427.225% 534.0

S.No FilllevelRotaConspeed Trial

(%) (rpm) 1 2 31 10 1 1101 2101 31012 10 5 1105 2105 31053 10 10 11010 21010 310104 10 20 11020 21020 310205 15 1 1151 2151 31516 15 5 1155 2155 31557 15 10 11510 21510 315108 15 20 11520 21520 315209 20 1 1201 2201 320110 20 5 1205 2205 320511 20 10 12010 22010 3201012 20 20 12020 22020 3202013 25 1 1251 2251 325114 25 5 1255 2255 325515 25 10 12510 22510 3251016 25 20 12520 22520 32520

Futureexperimentsmayalsoincludetheuseofaninfraredcamera to gather temperature data while the process isrunning.Thiswouldenhancetheaccuracyoftheresults.

IntroducConRotary drums have many industrial applica6ons with granules, butgranules don’t behave like conven6onal solids, liquids, or gases whichmakestheseprocessesdifficulttomodelandop6mize.Thepurposeofthisresearchistoquan6fyallthreemodesofheattransferinthegranularbedandstudywhichmodesdominateundervaryingopera6ngcondi6ons.

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