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    Home Training Workouts Cardio Cardiovascular

    What are the benefits and whichmethods are best when it comes toaerobic training? I will discuss those indetail right here. Included are sample

    aerobic activities and guidelines tofollow. Learn more now!

    by David Robson

    Last updated: Jul 22, 2014

    Losing stubborn body fatand getting into one's best possible shape may require at least

    someaerobic activity. The range of aerobic methods available and the different ways in

    which to engage in cardio are many - enough to cause confusion for those wanting to shed

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    KA TIE CHUNG HUAC H U N G - H U A

    WHICH CARDIOMETHODS MELTFAT THE FASTEST?

    CARDIO

    CARDIOVASCULAR

    Circuit Training

    ENERGY ENHANCEMENT

    HEART RATE

    HIGH INTENSITY CARDIO

    HIGH INTENSITY INTERVALTRAINING (HIIT)

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    excess weig t to revea t eir ar -won musc es.

    Question is: what are the best methods of aerobic exercise? Is there a perfect way to lose

    fat through cardiovascularmeans, and if so, what is it? Aerobic activity by its very nature

    requires fat to be used as a primary fuel source, with carbohydrates and protein being used

    to a smaller extent. Therefore i t is obvious that in order to lose fat, some degree of aerobic

    work will need to be done.

    "AEROBIC ACTIVITIES CONSTITUTE ANY FORM OF EXERCISE THAT IS REPETITIVE, LONG, AND HARD

    ENOUGH TO CHALLENGE THE HEART AND LUNGS."

    However, the type of aerobic work needed for fat lossis a subject open to much debate.

    Aerobic activities (typically done at a moderate intensity, although higher intensity aerobics

    has been shown burn more calories) constitute any form of exercise that is repetitive, long,

    and hard enough to challenge the heartand lungs to use oxygen as a fuel source to sustain

    the body over a longer period (15 to 20 minutes or longer).

    Aerobic activities can include:

    View All

    - .INTERVAL TRAINING

    MAKING CARDIO FUN

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    BURN FAT LIKECRAZY!Traditional cardio can be

    boring, unproductive

    cardio. Stop walking the

    treadmill like a zombie and

    try these alternative

    workouts that scorch fat

    and build strength!

    BURN FAT!

    rowing

    running

    walking

    cycling

    ...and variations on these (the commonality these methods share is that they use the body's

    largest muscle groups). The aim of this article is to determine the best forms of aerobic

    exercise for fat burning, while explaining the reasons why these methods are effective.

    HOW IS AEROBIC EXERCISE MOSTEFFECTIVELY USED TO BURN FAT?With aerobic exercise, oxygen, fatsand carbohydrates

    combine to produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the

    basic fuel source for all cells.

    However, given that fat is a more efficient fuel source for

    aerobic activity - as the body has greater fat stores (which

    are more easily mobilised in the presence of oxygen)

    compared to carbohydrates and proteins- it will be used

    preferentially during aerobic activity, which lasts longer

    than the short-burst glycogen-using anaerobic activity.

    So, aerobic activity done at a moderate intensity (50-75

    percent of Maximal Heart Rate [MHR], or within the

    mythological fat burning zone) appears to burn more

    actual fat, but does it help with greater fat losses over the

    longer term? Some researchers suggest not.

    It appears that exercising aerobically at a higher

    percentage of MHR (75% or more) burns more in the way

    of total calories, which adds up to greater fat total losses.

    (Max Heart Rate is easily calculated by subtracting your

    age from 220.)

    As long as the exercise is performed within the aerobic zone (using oxygen), and does not

    become anaerobic in nature (instead drawing from carbohydrates for fuel), the higher the

    intensity the better.

    1

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    If more total caloriesare used, as opposed to a comparatively small amount of fat - as is the

    case with low intensity aerobics - these calories are less likely to be stored and fat losses

    will be much greater. With higher intensity aerobics, the body ultimately burns a smaller

    percentage of fat calories from a much larger number of total calories, so in the end more

    fat calories will be used.

    This is not to say that low-intensity aerobics are worthless. As explained later, they do have

    their place. However, if one is to burn the largest degree of body fat in the shortest amount

    of time, higher intensity aerobics seem to be the superior method. Let us turn now to the

    benefits of high intensity versus low intensity aerobics.

    BENEFITS OF AEROBIC EXERCISEAll forms of aerobic training will provide many similar benefits, while high intensity and low

    intensity methods (although both within the so-called fat burning aerobic zone) have

    benefits specific to their respective functions.

    To determine the exact intensity needed to benefit from a specific aerobic method, first it is

    important to determine lower and higher end target heart rates (THR). The low end of thetarget zone is 55% of your MHR. The high end of the target zone is 80% of your MHR. Use

    the calculator above to determine these numbers (or just subtract your age from 220, then

    multiply the result by .55 and .80, respectively.)

    Aerobic exercise (regardless of intensity) will help to:

    Strengthen the muscles involved in respiration, to assist lung

    function.

    Increase the total number of red blood cells in the body, to

    enable greater oxygenfacilitation throughout the body.

    Strengthen the heart muscle, which will improve resting

    heart and pumping efficiency.

    Reduce stressand tension, and increase mental well-being.

    Increase circulationthroughout all areas of the body.

    Increase self-esteem.

    Lower-to-moderate intensity aerobic activity (50-75 percent

    of MHR) will:

    Typically provide less impact on thejoints, making it ideal for

    the obeseand/or unfit.

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    Burn fat directly (as opposed to total calories) and can be

    done for a longer period.

    Can be used as active recoveryfrom more intensive training

    systems.

    Higher intensity aerobic activity (70-85 percent of MHR) will:

    Will burn more total calories and more total fat as a result.

    Will increase the metabolic rate (during and after training) to

    a greater degree than will lower intensity aerobics.

    Offer fitness benefits such as improved endurance, strength,

    and athletic performance.

    Help with the prevention of osteoporosis.

    AEROBIC TRAINING METHODS& THEIR ADVANTAGESOnce the appropriate aerobic intensity has been decided upon (depending on one's

    training goals), the type of aerobic exercise to be used can be chosen. Some types arenaturally of a higher intensity, while others are lower in intensity; some are suitable for

    specific sportinggoals, while others are best for achieving low body fat for physical

    definition.

    The keys to choosing a good aerobic activity include finding one that is enjoyable and

    effective to ensure it is used consistently to good effect.

    1 WALKING (BURNS 300-400 CALORIES PER HOUR)

    Once thought of as a perfect aerobic exercise for fat burning and overall health, walking isnow considered one of the least effective of the aerobic methods.

    Although great for beginnersor those with injuryor who are obese, walking probably is not

    the best form of exercise for losing weight and achieving fitness, as it is of a much lower

    intensity compared to other methods.

    It is thought that the lower the intensity of an activity, the smaller the number of calories

    burned per unit of time (it is also thought that 15 minutes of cycling will burn more calories

    than a 45 minute walk at moderate pace).

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    Furthermore, metabolismwill increase on average for only one-two hours after walking, as

    opposed to higher intensity aerobic activity where it can be increased for up to 24 hours or

    longer.

    Walking can be used for the following purposes:

    Assisting with fat burning in the obese (who can't use other methods).

    As a low impact activity for the injured.

    As a moderate activity for recovery purposes (when higher intensity activities might result inovertraining).

    As a build up to a higher intensity method of aerobics.

    A good beginner's walking program could be as follows:

    Frequency:three times a week.

    Intensity:50-70 percent of MHR.

    Duration:20-45 minutes per session.

    2 RUNNING (BURNS AROUND 600 CALORIES PER HOUR)A higher intensity method compared to walking, running (not sprinting, which is anaerobic)

    is an efficient, although high impact way to lose body fat and improve cardiorespiratory

    fitness.

    The main benefit to running for weight loss purposes is that it is sufficiently high intensity to

    burn a greater number of calories, while stimulating the metabolic rate for a longer period

    afterward.

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    "THE MAIN BENEFIT TO RUNNING FOR WEIGHT LOSS PURPOSES IS THAT IT IS SUFFICIENTLY HIGHINTENSITY TO BURN A GREATER NUMBER OF CALORIES."

    For fat burning purposes, the variation on running that could be considered is jogging, as

    this method - although higher intensity aerobic - does not cross the anaerobic threshold to

    burn carbohydrates as a primary fuel source. Running, as does walking, involves all of the

    lower body, only on a much larger scale.

    Specifically, it works the hip flexors, hamstrings, quadriceps, and gastrocnemius & soleus

    muscles (calves) to provide a great lower body workout. Running also recruits arms,

    therefore providing an additional calorie burning effect.

    Running can be used for the following purposes:

    To train aerobically at a higher intensity, and burn more fat as a result.

    To recruit muscle fibersin the legs, which could add definition and enhance muscle shape.

    As a sport specific means to improving fitness and athletic performance.

    As a means to increasing metabolic rate for up to 24 hours.

    Can help to prevent osteoporosis due to its high impact nature.

    Beginners running program:

    Frequency:three times a week.

    Intensity:65-85 percent of MHR.

    Duration:20-30 minutes per session.

    3 CYCLING (BURNS AROUND 600 CALORIES PER HOUR)

    Cyclinginvolves the same muscles as does running, but has the added advantage of being

    lower impact, therefore making it ideal for virtually anyone (with the exclusion of those with

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    certain injuries).

    It can be done on either a stationary bike (the preferred option for those wanting to

    specifically burn body fat, as there might be fewer distractions with this method), or on the

    road.

    Either of these approaches will suit almost anyone (regardless of cardiovascular goals) as

    the resistance can be changed to accommodate preferences in intensity level. Cycling is

    also ideal for HIIT (as will be explained later) as the resistance can be changed from lower

    to higher in rapid fashion. For bodybuilders, cycling can also carve definition in the frontalquad muscles allowing for greater separation come competitiontime.

    Cycling as an aerobic activity can be useful for the following reasons:

    As a low impact, high intensity way to strip body fat.

    As a sport specific means to improving fitness and athletic performance.

    As a way to help carve detail into the quads.

    A beginners cycling program:

    Frequency:three times a week.

    Intensity:65-85 percent MHR.

    Duration:30-45 minutes per session.

    4 ROWING

    Rowing on a machine provides an excellent total body workout, in addition to being a great

    high intensity way to strip body fat. It could be considered the perfect exercise as it works

    all the main muscles of the body, is of higher intensity than walking and of lower impact

    than running, and burns more calories per hour than any other commonly used aerobic

    exercise (around 840 per hour).

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    "ROWING ON A MACHINE PROVIDES AN EXCELLENT TOTAL BODY WORKOUT."

    Rowing as an aerobic activity can be useful for the following reasons:

    Burn a higher number of calories than any of the other common aerobic methods.

    A total body workout.

    A low impact, high intensity way to keep fit and burn fat.

    As a sport specific means to improving fitness and athletic performance.

    5 SWIMMING (BURNS AROUND 600 CALORIES PER HOUR)

    Like rowing, swimmingprovides a great total body workout, while burning a high number of

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    .

    (water), and, as a result, there is little risk of injury.

    Using the common freestyle stroke will work well for most people, but if at all possible use

    a variety of strokes in order to place an emphasis on different muscle groups - this change

    in intensity will help to burn more calories.

    Swimming is a great aerobic activity for:

    Lessening the chance of injury as it is the lowest impact of all the aerobic methods.

    Working all the body's main muscle groups.

    Improving fitness and athletic performance.

    Burning a large number of calories and helping with fat loss.

    6 SKIPPING (JUMPING ROPE)

    Although a very high impact activity, jumping

    rope can provide a great aerobic workout if

    done correctly. It can also add definition to the

    calves and shoulders, as it works these musclegroups quite vigorously. Probably one of the

    harder aerobic methods, correctly jumping rope

    involves a tremendous amount of skill, strength,

    focusand patience.

    Not commonly used as an aerobic method,

    jumping rope burns a higher number of calories

    per hour than rowing (over 1000) and is best

    used for shorter periods, as it might lead to

    impact injuries of the lower leg or hip if done

    continuously for too long.

    Once mastered, jumping rope is an effective

    way to:

    Burn a high number of calories.

    Help to prevent osteoporosis due to its high

    impact nature.

    Improve a wide range of skill components,

    including explosive strength, stamina and

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    "JUMPING ROPE IS ONE OF THE

    HARDER AEROBIC METHODS."

    speed (boxer's jump rope as an integral part of

    their training).

    7 HIIT

    HIIT (High Intensity Interval Training) is one of the newer and more effective ways to burn

    body fat. As many have experienced, HIIT provides an intensive aerobic option, which

    takes a fraction of the time to complete compared to the more traditional cardio methods.

    As the name suggests, HIIT incorporates both high intensity aerobic work with a very high

    intensity component to provide a maximal fat burning effect, and an increased metabolic

    rate that can last for over 24 hours after training.

    Regular aerobic training (although beneficial for fat burning) can place the body into a

    steady state in that the same pace is maintained throughout. This means the body has

    adjusted itself to the speed it is going and will try to conserve calories. With HIIT, the steady

    state problem can be avoided as the intensity is shifted every minute or so.

    An example of a HIIT workout is as follows:

    Using cycling as an aerobic method, work at a moderate to high intensity pace (75-80

    percent of MHR) for two minutes. Quickly change the intensity so that work rate is

    increased significantly (over 90 percent of MHR) for 30 seconds to one minute. Repeat this

    process for up to 30 minutes. Running, rowing or swimming are also methods that can be

    used in a similar context with HIIT.

    HIIT is perfect for:

    Raising fat burning hormonessuch as epinephrine and norepinephrine.

    Suppressing insulinlevels.

    Raising the metabolic rate more so than other methods of cardio.

    AEROBIC TRAINING GUIDELINESSTART GRADUALLY

    As with any from of training, aerobic exercise should be taken slowly during the initial

    stages of training, especially if one is overweight or in an otherwise untrained state.

    Walking would be a perfect activity for the novice trainee as it is much less demanding than

    man of the other methods and is relativel low im act.

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    Training too hard too soon might result in injury or burnout. It is also important to start out

    gradually at the beginning of a workout (if the activity is of a higher intensity) to warm the

    muscles and lubricate the joints for the work ahead.

    WORK WITHIN THE TARGET HEART RATE RANGE

    Although the concept of a fat burning zone has been discredited, it is still important to stay

    within a specified target heart rate rangeto ensure the body is working at its full capacity.

    Using the formula given earlier, one could determine the lower and upper limits of thetarget heart rate range and plan the session accordingly.

    Try to work at the upper end if possible to gain greater benefits. Working below the target

    heart rate range will produce very little effect, while training beyond it could lead to injury.

    "TRAINING TOO HARD TOO SOON MIGHT RESULT IN INJURY OR BURNOUT."

    DO NOT OVERDO

    Cardio should be done safely at all times. Trying to do too much will probably have an

    opposite effect to what is tr in to be achieved. Fat burnin and other health benefits will

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    occur, so long as the session is no longer than 45 minutes to one hour (this is usually

    accepted as the appropriate length of time for one who is in good health).

    Going beyond this could lead to a repetitive strain injury (depending on the type of activity

    used), and burn a great of muscle, which will ultimately cause the metabolism to slow down,

    therefore restricting fat loss. In conjunction with a weight-training program (aerobics and

    weight training combined is the best way to achieve total fitness), cardio will need to be

    carefully monitored so that overtrainingdoes not occur.

    DO ENOUGH TO PRODUCE AN EFFECT (THE SIGNIFICANCE OF INTENSITY, TIME, ANDFREQUENCY)

    To get the most from any aerobic training program, it is best to plan the intensity, time, and

    duration to ensure a sufficient training effect. These variables will change depending on

    what stage one is at and the specific goals they have.

    For a general fitness aerobic program (for a moderately well conditioned trainee) working

    on a cycle, intensity would be between 70 and 85 percent of MHR, time would be between

    45 minutes and one hour and frequency would be four times a week. For a less-advanced

    trainee, less would be required.

    DRINK WATER BEFORE, DURING, AND AFTER TRAINING

    Given aerobic training causes a great deal of fluid to be lost through sweat and body heat,

    it is important to drink waterbefore, during (depending on the duration of training) and after

    exercising. Training aerobically without sufficient water intake (especially in the heat) may

    lead to dehydration and a reduction in performance so keep hydrated at all times.

    CONCLUSIONTo get into great shape, it is generally accepted that some aerobic training will be needed.

    However the type of training and the methods used will differ from person to person, and to

    achieve superior results it is important to select an activity that will work to ones best

    advantage.

    It is hoped this article will have made clear the benefits aerobic training holds and the

    methods available.

    REFERENCES

    1. Carerra, M & Vani, N. (2006). "The Best Exercise for Weight Loss."

    13/01/2015 Bodybuilding com Which Cardio Methods Melt Fat The Fastest?

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