bmk–o

MQ·ïVq kòo ‹X]oñ¥}

1. ¹Mcq

2. LôY}

3. eªê] cÿXl}

4. }]H:

5. KÃöHÏ-c}ªïF

(emk…o IKéLq)

6. ‹B{q:

7. KÃöHÊ ተኽሊል

(dF 䕻})

250 {rM bmk–o MQ·ïVq …mk ‹}©§ }ኸÏD÷M?

†rM bmk–o MQ·ïVq …mk OD]o }ኸÏD÷M;

1. ¹Mcq: LôY}: eªê] cÿXl} |§

Kl†p ‹X]q| MQ·ïVq §kADê;

2. |§ MÏg] MQ·ïVq olሂD÷M

sïÏD·ê MQ·ïS }]H}፤ MQ·ïS

c}ªïF}፤ †¨M;

3. |§ …²F´D÷q} |§ oF†ኾ} ‘§

|§ [épÎ MQ·ïVq olሂሎM

sïÏD·ê ©öL MQ·ïS oኽሊF}

MQ·ïS ‹B{q} †¨M;

‰èD÷M †ቶM amk–o MQ·ïVq …²ª[ï ›ኾ{ ²ïsò I§‘q

‹X]q| §q}‹Ë;<|§ ‰èD÷M MQ·ïVq ‹X]q| |§

K‘ª…p ¹X|·M …mk KQg—oñ eªê] cÿXl} ]D›ኾነ>

(e. rL] s…‰è~): ‰èD÷M MQ·ïVq }eªê] cÿXl} „ï¨M

oOU˜M; (1210-1211)

cªL§ M—VÏ

|§ Kl†p ‹X]q| MQ·ïVq

251 Kl†p ‹X]q| ‰K§ kïDê §ÏÃM?

Kl†p ‹X]q|: krM KOSq I§‘q ‹X]q| s}ÃöË MQ·ïVq

mkMilF §ÏÃM; †rM mkMQ·ïS ¹Mcq ‰MmkH©öa ›o‘Fªê

M†K|}: mkMQ·ïS LôY} …mk †M{rM Ãö}–q §ረኽቡé: mkMQ·ïS

eªê] cÿXl} ©öL §M²ቡ; (1212-1275)

MQ·ïS ¹Mcq

252 †oñ cªL§ |§ Kl†p ‹X]q| MQ·ïX †}p§ ]M

§‘An?

<M¹Li> LDq |mk L§

M¹HF LDq ስለዝኾነ †oñ

cªL§ |§ Kl†p ‹X]q|

MQ·ïX: koñ c}ªï o´lX

|§ QX–oë: ¹Mcq olAðDê

§Ãög—; ›o·Kch skD: …mk

Nq ‹X]r] §¹IF: <H©öa

ϹSq> (2fY. 5,17) ሳEኡ

©öL M] ‹X]r] §q}Q†;

MQ·ïS ¹Mcq <ŠF…§

F©q ›Bmk MIÄmk} mkK}Ê]

eªê] MIª]}> (oñr 3,5)

olAðDê‘é} §Ãög—; ›o·Kchë

K†K|} <©cñ mkXA}> („íÊ.

5,8) ‰… ]Dsïኸው} MQ·ïS

¹Mchq <mkXA}> olAðDê‘é}

§]K †£; (1213-1216:

1276-1277)

253 …mk mkDê§ ‰ïª} ¹Mcq mkኸK§ …chªïKé §M[F?

…mk mkDê§ ‰ïª} mksêy M\Dípq ¹Mchq §X‰mk; ¹Mcq: mkL§

…chªïKé §M]F: ‰K§ L§ M}¼ Nq} I§‘q} †¥; …mk L§

o}\ÏÏ mk›{kSq KX‰mk ~y §M[F; }†]V„íE‘é¥} Šmk lX{q

´mkÃï ‰Ms©öx{: mkM]³X c§I lIU §M[F; }I›k †]V„íF |mkoñ

MF‹q sD–DLgñ I§‘q ›ኾ{ |mk M©öS o]Í mks†o‘: mkM]´³X

Tl ¨Xª~]‘é} §M[F; (1217-1222)

254 {sï …chªïKé …mk mkDê§ ‰ïª} ›oK[D {²Vq K} †£ |mk

ÏÄLô smkÃöJ?

†oñ …mk M°LX HgX¥gñ ]XGê: …mk ¨Xª~] mk¨H}] K¹Mi

›o·Kch: †oñ …mk K]cF M] o[iD Šmk ²÷©ö{ê: MF‹q ¹Mchq}

eªê] cÿXl}} ›ኾ{ L§} ©M} sÏ[[& †oñ ©öIU q}P„í„ê

}HgX¥oë: <‰ïªê †N: }ኹሎM …Išmk mk]M …mk} ‘F©ö} K}Ê]

eªê]} †|·Ki‰êMÈM ©c KšKéXo§ ´kXÈM> (Loõ. 28,19)

†|kD †sï oF†ኾsï s[‰K& ²÷§p| „ï¢[é] ‹X]r] †£ {oñ …mk

mkDê§ ‰ïª} …chªïKé oK[ïDê ›{kS MQ·ïS ¹Mchq …mk ÏÄLô

smkÃöI; (1223-1224)

255 Šmk K…]} }K}} †¥ kòo ‹X]oñ¥} o·Mi?

Šmk K–Foñ ÃÂí}·f]· −LðV kòo ‹X]oñ¥}: …mk ‹X]r] }›…M}

skD ‰èDê o·Mi; (122-1228)

256 †oñ c}©ö} …²ª]} o´lX ‘§ QX–q MQ·ïS ¹Mcq

†}p§ †£?

†oñ c}©ö} …²ª]} o´lX MQ·ïS ¹Mcq: ]M …mk} ‘F©ö}

K}Ê] eªê]} †|[Kኻ፤ }o·Lchñ |mk L§ M¹HF: ‘§ L§ …mk

X†[é MÏ\] †£; (1229-145-: 1228)

257 MQ·ïS ¹Mcq ‰ïikF ›ኽእF K} †£?

s§o·Kch skD [mk: MQ·ïS ¹Mchq ‰ïikF §ኽእF; (1246-1252)

258 ]DMp§ †¥ kòo ‹X]oñ¥} }IÇ|q †o·Mi?

IÇ} skD mkx·ï…q …ªM oDኺፉ ]D›‘éD©ö: Šmk ]F¸} [§¸}

oEchñchë: |mk K}´Qoñ |Ãö{q ©cñ †´sï…mkGíX ‰ï…oë ]DsDÈ: ¹Mchq

|§ ´©ö} ¢©öF¨; (1250)

259 [mk }‰ï¹Mi †}p§ ‰ïÏÃöM §´k‡?

‰ï¹Ki ›©Dï skD [mk –mk§ †}oኾ§{ê l—Dê †M{oë ‰ï²FÃö …DÈ;

fF– †}oኾ§{ê ´}: ‘§ ‘Dªê ‘§ kòo ‹X]oñ¥} †M{oë ‰‹}©ö„ê

§M]‹TDê; …nDï² ‘§ †~Dï²: ‰M„ê ‰… KE† LykS ‹X]oñ¥}:

…mk ²ïsò MiXVmk ¹Mcq (©S® }„ê[ ‹X]oñ¥}): {oñ oKVÃï

‰ï©ö´ÏÈ §´l†; }ሱ ¹V§ s§ኮ{: o·Lchñ ©öIU M¹Lchë: …mk

†M{oë ‰ïÃ}—}: ó MQ·ïS ¹Mcoë} ኼL—mkF} ‰ïoH³²›È

…DÈM; (1253-1255)

260 K}‰ †£ ‰ò·Mi ›ኽ†F?

‰èDê ²ïsò …ké}} ŠB}} ‰ò·Mቁ §ኽእDê; ኣብ ባህሊ ምስራቃውያን ኣብ

ጽጉም ጊዜ ካህን ኮነ ዲያቆን ወይ ካተኪስታ ኣብ ዝተሳእኑሉ ዝኾነ ክርስትያን

ከጠምቅ ይኽእል (ምስራቃዊ ሕገ ቆኖና 677§2); mkQX–q Eoñ} ªï¥f}

†‘é} ‰ò·Mi ይኽእF †£; †ቶM ›oጠምቁ [lq …mk ›o\†}Dê ²ïsò

ዝኮኑ ክርስትያን ‰ò·Mi §ኽ†F:H©‘é] ‰Mቲ kòo ‹X]oñ¥} †q²mkY

‰ï²mkX kïDê §I[mk ©ö… †MkX; †oñ [mk …mk X†[ï o·Lchñ L§

†|Ï[[: mk]M e©ö]oñ QE[ò †sï ›]—mk §mkF: <…{ mk]M …mk}

‘F©ö} K}Ê] eªê]} …·MchŠ …Dኹ>; (1256: 1284)

261 }ኽ}©öy} ¹Mchq |§ ´©ö} …©öE¤ ©ö£?

{rM ‘}²óF ›okOYM: ‰M„ê‘é} †sï MQ·ïX }‰ïikDê —©öF

}sDÈM [lq: MQ·ïS ¹Mchq }©öy{rM …©öE¤ †£; (1257)

262 ks§ ¹Mcq ‹}©öy}¬ }ኽእF?

†rM ‰§o·Kchë mk[}‰ï †M{rM sïNoë [lq ‰ï©öy{ê ይኽእሉ: ‰K§

mk[L—q{rM |§ ©M ¹Mcq ochkïD÷M …D’; †rM }¹Mcq

sïiSké sD’ }„ê[ ‹X]oñ¥}: ‰M„ê‘é} †rM ‰èD÷M }‹X]r]}

}kòo ‹X]oñ¥}} ‰§ÊD·ê: \E ó …MEኽ ´}: mkFnM }…MEኽ

sï©F§È}: ©öE£ ‰ïÏÃöKé kïD÷M‘é} sïÃö—T skDê: ‰§o·Kchë ‰ï©öy{ê

ይኽእሉ: ‰K§ }^M |§ ASXp ¹Mcq ochkïD÷M †¨M; (1258-

1261: 1281-1283)

263 ÏSpq ¹Mcq †¢~q †¨M?

¹Mchq: x·ï…q …ªM} ‰èDê ´Egñ x·ï…q}: x·ï…q s]—n ‰èDê

KiÄ—q} §©öM]]; koñ MQ·ïVgñ ó (Šmkoñ MQ·ïX sïKÃö†

ó) …mk I§‘q e©ö]oñ QE[ò ¢\qÊ|; koñ sò©öy} ó ‰… M]

‹X]r]} M] kòo ‹X]q¥{ê} H© ‰M}ኸ‘é} §²mkX;…mk ‹B{pgñ

oF†ኾ ‹X]r] ¢\qÊ|;†sï ósï |§ ‰èD÷M ‹X]oñ¥} KOSq

H©ö{q †£;Kሰረp‘é¥} x§Eq} ‘éBkpq K}Ê] eªê]} ‰M›BD‘|

§²mkX;›o·Kch skD: |§ ‹X]r] s§©öM[] LyoM ]DsDÈ: }sD–

DM |§ ‹X]r] §ኸው}; (1262- 1274: 1279-1280).

264 …mk ²ïsò M¹Li| †}ikD÷ <]M ‹X]q|> †}p§ ¹iLð …DÈ?

…MEኽ }{Ï]‘‰Ï| kmk]M| ]D›ÊF·|}: kmk´F| ]D›ikD|}: ]M

¹Mcq …²ª[ï †£; mk¹Mchq: ‹X]oñ¥} …mk kòo ‹X]oñ¥} |§ ²š†

X†[é ÏDê§ ]M §S‹mk; mk›oኻእD K·} †oñ …mk QX–o ¹Mcq

sï‘Amk ]M: ]M H©ö eªê] †}oኾነ §MSÃö: ‰K§ {oñ o·Lchñ

…X…¥ e©ö]| §ኾ~: ‰M„ê‘é} …mk e©öLð …MEኽ ¢LF©Dê;(2156-

2159: 2167)

MQ·ïS LôY} (|§ Ãö}–q MQ·ïX)

265 …mk KOረpgñ K©mk ©öy{q MQ·ïS LôY} †}p§ ´© …DÈ?

{oñ ‰ïKÃö† ›{kY K[ïI} {rM |oë ›ኾነ I›mk}: K}Ê] ²÷§p

‰ï‘AnM ‰M›{kY: …mk mkDê§ ‰ïª} {mk¥q …chªïNM …‘®ì; |§

²÷§p| „ï¢[é] ‹X]r]} I§‘q} oF†ኾ„ê} M] K}Ê] eªê]

MDê† H©ö{q {kY; …mk —Dq ÃÂí}·f]·: HgX¥q K}Ê] eªê] M]

ochkDê: <†oñ –mk§ ´mkU …Mላኽ> (´.H. 2,11) …‘®ì; }^M ©öIU

†sï ÏÄLôsï {rM sï¹Kchë ›{kT [lq mk…MmkY „ï©ö {sï K}Ê]sï

§BmkÈM {kT; ‰Msï kïE kòo ‹X]oñ¥} }sK|q mkK}Ê] q{mkX:

}©d‘é} †sï K}Ê] †sï q—©öF; (1285-1288: 1315)

266 ]DMp§ †£ †sï MQ·ïXsï emk…o LôY} ‘§ <|§ Ãö}–q

MQ·ïX> olAðDê sï]K?

|§sï MQ·ïXsï c}ዲ o´lX

Mil† ]D ›ኾነ: …mk M]Vdh‘é¥}

…mk¥o፤‹X]q¥|q፤<MQ·ïS LôY}>

‘§፤<MQ·ïS emk…o LôY}>olAðDê

§ÏD¹; …mk †M{q ]DsÃö}–|:

‰L„ê‘é} }ó ¹Mchq ]D ›MF†

LDq ÏÄLô ]D sFmk] ‰… (…mk

M—Vlgñq፤kòo ‹X]oñ¥})፤|§፤Ãö}–q

‘§ KÃö}–ð MQ·ïX olሂሉ §ÏD¹;

(1289)

266 ]DMp§ †£ †sï MQ·ïXsï emk…o LôY} ‘§ <|§ Ãö}–q

MQ·ïX> olAðDê sï]K?

|§sï MQ·ïXsï c}ªï o´lX Mil† ]D›ኾነ: …mk M]Vdh‘é¥}

…mk¥o ‹X]q¥|q <MQ·ïS LôY}> ‘§ <MQ·ïS emk…o LôY}>

olAðDê §ÏD¹; …mk †M{q ]DsÃö}–|: ‰L„ê‘é} }ó ¹Mchq

]D›MF† LDq ÏÄLô ]DsFmk] ‰… (…mk M—Vlgñq kòo ‹X]oñ¥})

|§ Ãö}–q ‘§ KÃö}–ð MQ·ïX olAðDê §ÏD¹; (1289)

267 c}ªï QX–q ‘§ o´lX MQ·ïS LôY} †}p§ †£?

c}ዲ QX–q MQ·ïS LôY}: ›oc©[ s§oñ LôY} mkMil†}: †oñ

OV–ð (ŠB} ‘§ …ké}) …MmkY „ï©ö mkM´lX}: …mkoñ QX–q

mk›©ö²L dEq} §ÏÃM †£; …mk M—Vlgñq kòo ‹X]oñ¥} emk…o

LôY}: …mk ´}lX o·Lcñ †|–omkŠ: <‰M B¥mk }›ogBkŠ: LyoM

K}Ê] eªê] ochkF> †|kFŠ †£ sïÏÃM;QX–q cë]¹}¹}¥ …mk

›ኽoE M]Vdh‘é¥} …mk¥o ‹X]q¥|q ´}: †oñ M—pmk …mk ´}lX

¹V§ s§ኮ{]: …mk ŠF† ‹ÏFpq [mk{q o·Lchñ †|chl†Š: ‰Msï

qmkF: <|§ K}Ê] eªê] B¥mk LyoM>; LôY}: mk…ké} ›och©[

aoë} eªê§ s§q} †£; (1290-1301: 1318: 1320-1321)

268 ÏS MQ·ïS LôY} †}p§ †£?

…mk —Dq ÃÂí}·f]· ‰M›oÊÃK: ÏS ‘§ \—kò} MQ·ïS LôY}

ÏDê§ ›ኾነ M‘éV©ö K}Ê] eªê] †£; K}Ê] eªê] …mk Fmk|

‰ï‘X©ö ‰D÷:…mk {Ï]| s§©öM[] LyoM §HqKF|;Šmk MQ·ïS

¹Mcq ›ochkF|¨ ó ¢—›sF|; KOረpgñ ‘éF©ö{q| ›¥ª

‰MsïÃ}—} ‰Msï©ö}Ï—} §²mkX;M] ‹X]r]} M] kòo ‹X]oñ¥}}

…Ãkïchë ¢‘AB©|; B¥lq K}Ê] eªê] mk›¥ª …mk }Ï]| ¢Ãö}–F|;

…mk A§L~q| ¢Ãö}–| ‘§ †M{q| }‹}M]‹X ›¥ª x§Dï §Bk|;

(1302-1305: 1316-1317).

269 }MQ·ïS LôY} K} †£ ‰ïikD÷ sïኽ†F?

†oñ ›o·Kch skD H© ²ïsò ¹V§ ‰ïchkD÷ §ኽ†F ‘§ ‰ïikD÷ …DÈ;

MQ·ïS LôY} }MilF mki–q ]Ds©öDï: M]·S LôY} e©öLð MilF|

}Ï]| ‰{}ÃöI §´k…|; (1306-1311: 1319)

270 |§ MQ·ïS LôY} OV–ð K} †£?

(…mk QX–q Eoñ}) c}ªï OV–ð MQ·ïS LôY} …ké} †£; ንምዕዳሉ ዝምልከት

እዚ እውን ንኣቡን ዝተሓዝኤ እዩ፡ ስሕት ኢሉ ግን እዚ ናይ ምዕዳል መዚ ንካህና እውን

ኪወሃቦም ይከአል እዩ፡. ´} …sï ]F¸} }ŠB|q‘é} ‰ï‘AnM §‰…F †£;…ké}

†£ c}ªï OV–ð ‰ïkAF ‰D÷ †oñ …mk K}²÷ ›ochmk„ [mk} kòo ‹X]oñ¥}

}sD÷ H©ö{q M†}oñ ‰ïS³²Ãö}: ‰M„ê‘é} †oñ ochl„ï …mk q‘éÌq HgX¥q

‰MsD÷ }M´EÃö} †£; ‰M FL©ö M]Vdh‘é¥} …mk¥o ‹X]oñ¥} ´} ŠB}

†£ c}ዲ ዓዳሊ MQ·ïS LôY}; ካህን እምበአርከስ ምሥጢረ ሜሮን ክዕድል ከሎ:

}[é l—Dê oHllU …ké{ê ]D›ኾ{: ‰L„ê‘é} †oñ ›¹cKDê sD÷ emk…o LôY}

l—Dê †oñ …ké} chªï[é ]D›Bn: koñ ŠB} …kïDê: †oñ ochl„ï M] kòo

‹X]oñ¥}} …ké}} sDÈ H©ö{q §´DÃö; (1213-1214)

MQ·ïS eªê] cÿXl}

271 MQ·ïS eªê] cÿXl} †}p§ †£?

eªê] cÿXl}: |§ ²÷§p| „ï¢[é]

‹X]r] KQg—oñ Q³} ©M}

†£; KQg—oñ K]cF }sK|q

†|oH©[ ‹\mk ª´L§ MÃö…q

²÷§p| „ï¢[é] ‹X]r] M†}oñ

‰ïÃ}I: ‹X]r] l—Dê KQg—oñ

eªê] cÿXl} OX–F|; †sï ›ኽU

Nq} q}P„í ‹X]r] ›ኾ{ eªê]

cÿXl} }kòo ‹X]oñ¥} †£

ogAðké; †sï MQ·ïXsï MF‹q

H©ö{q} |§ ÏiU Mq†]\X}

†£; eªê] cÿXl}: {Ï]| mkópq

†qMF…Dê: ‹X]r] †qikDDê: —

Xké} sD–DLgñ I§‘q †qSኽkDê:

Í[ïŠgñ K…ªï †£;(1322-1323:

1409)

272 ‹X]r] K…] †£ }eªê] cÿXl} sïOX•?

²÷§p| „ï¢[é] ‹X]r] <kp ›opIsE D§ቲ> (1fY. 11,23): LDq

mkHKé] Ãö´n: M] HgX¥ቱ |§ መ‘ª†p ©öVX …mk ›o©SSሉ †g}

eªê] cÿXl} OX•; (1323: 1337-1340)

273 ‹X]r] ‰K§ ²§T †£ }eªê] cÿXl} sïOX•?

‹X]r] }HgX¥ቱ …mkoñ –mk§ …©Va ©öIU M†ŠnM: †}²óV …F–D:

fU[é‘é}: ‰Msï †|kD }©c KšKéXoë AnM: <†}‰êM mkF•ê: †sï

M†}pኻq‰êM sïcÿS] Q³§ †£>; ©öHX‘é} {oñ Ãög— ‘§{ð …F–ðDê:

<†}‰êM ]o£: †sï Ãög— ©K§ †£; †sï }QWo x·ï…q:

M†}pኻq‰êM} M†}oñ ‰èDê [mk} sïÊ]] ©K§ †£; |§ sD–DM}

|§ H©öa ‰ïª}} (KQg—oñ †£): †sï }›ኽS§ ´kXÈ> †|kD eªê]

cÿXl} OX•; (1337-1360: 1365-1406)

274 …mk I§‘q kòo‹X]oñ¥} eªê] cÿXl} †}p§ ¢KF‹oF|?

M}¿} ÏÄLô} I§‘q ‹X]q| †£; M†}p| sïÏÃM cª[ï ›ኾ{

o´lVq …MEኽ ‰M„ê‘é} }I| }…MEኽ †{iXkDê |§ …MFኾ

]´©q: …mk eªê] cÿXl} ÏÃöM| §Dmk] (|mk ›D–D ¹Xsê §kÃöI);

†oñ k²ï— Í[ïŠ| ›ኾ{ ‹X]r]}: ‰èDê K}Ê\ዊ Amkoñ kòo ‹X]oñ¥}}

…mk eªê] cÿXl} o·X{ðË §X‰mk; I›k †´sï…mkGíX {}I©öIªê M]

…MEኹ} H©ö{q …DÈ; |§sï H©ö{qsï M}¿} K´DÃö} ‰… eªê]

cÿXl} †£; …mk KQg—oñ eª[ò eªê] cÿXl} ‹}OX— ‰D÷|: …mk

[L¥gñ QX–o …MFኾ }ÃöMkX: sD–DLgñ I§‘q ©öL …chªïM|

{]oLiX; (1324-1327: 1407)

275 MQ·ïS eªê] cÿXl} ŠF† ]M …DȬ?

†oñ L†D¥ s§mkDê |§sï MQ·ïX †sï Amkoñ mk›oÊED¢ …]Lq

§²DÃö; {Ï]‘‰Ï ]M }²Dï„ê ²Ãö |§sï MQ·ïXsï §²FÃö; …]Lq

eªê] cÿXl} †sï ‰ïኸው} §ኽ†F& cÿXl}: KQg—oñ eª[ò: ©öVX

²÷§p: McÿV] †}²óV: …‰÷oõo cÿXl}: ዝኽU ILLq} Nq}

q}P„í} ²÷§p| „ï¢[é] ‹X]r]: eªê] KQg—oñ: eªê] …MFኾ

eªê\q MQ·ïVq: …›£ ›och©[ MQ·ïX K}kS pnq: eªê]

[épÎ (eªê] MilF); (1328- 1344)

276 …mk KDOረpgñ K©mk ©öy{q eªê] cÿXl} †}p§ ´© …DÈ?

…mk mkDê§ ‰ïª} eªê] cÿXl} …chªïKé mkM\Dí …mk …k–—E –Kpgñ

k–F Í[ïŠ …§@é©ö o{²ïT {kS; …mk mkDê§ ‰ïª} …§@é©ö: {oñ

A}©kpgñ |Ä M‘éĆ sኸoDD÷M M}dF Šmk ´mkÃï ‰ï›‹T „ïD÷M:

–Kq –Kq mks§kcÿ• †}²óV Í[M ¢mk—Dê {kT; ‹X]r] …mk

qMBXoë mkš—l eªê] cÿXl} ©öIU M›Vmk: …mk K‘ª†p ©öVX M]

HgX¥oë †sï Í[ïŠ …§@é©ö mkM›ŠX }eªê] cÿXl} OX•; ‹X]r]

l—Dê: <†sï }›ኽS§ ´kXÈ> (1fY. 11,24) ]D›mkF: kòo ‹X]oñ¥}

q†š› ²÷§p }ኽoኽkX kïE: ‰èDê ²ïsò: mkÏE§ K–Foñ q}P„í

‹X]r] …mk ›ኾነ —Do [}kq KQg—oñ eªê] cÿXl} o—X´; (1333-

1344)

277 …ÊÄÃöL KQg—oñ eªê] cÿXl} ‰K§ †£?

H© QX–q mksi‘éM ‹Fo o´lVq §ÏÃM; dF …MEኽ mkM}lmk}

(QX–o eª[ò): mkQX–q eªê] cÿXl}} (…‰÷oõo cÿXl}); …mkoñ

cªL§ o´lX dF …MEኽ §mkOX} §]L—}; …mkoñ ŠF…§ o´lX

ymk]q} ‘§}} §chXmk: †sï ko} |§ MFg¹ dEq |mk Q³}

©M} ‹X]r] §F‘¹: K†K|} ©öL }Q³} ©M ‹X]r] §ikDê;

(1345-1355: 1408)

278 |§ KQg—oñ eªê] cÿXl} OV–ð K} †£

†oñ mk´ké† K–X² ‹B{q sïDk[: …mk ‹}ªï †oñ X†[ï kòo ‹X]oñ¥}

›ኾነ ‹X]r]}: †oñ mk]M kòo ‹X]oñ¥}} sï–¤ ŠB} (…ké} ‘§

K}M ŠB}) †£ OV–ð KQg—oñ eªê] cÿXl}; (1348: 1411)

279 …mk KQg—oñ eªê] cÿXl} †oñ c}ªï s©öDï {²Vq †}p§ †£?

…mk KQg—oñ eª[ò c}ªï …©öE§} …²ª]} {²Vq: †oñ mkQX|§

›o[XG ymk]q} (†}²óV): †oñ Šmk sDE oኽሊ ‘§{ð ›oÃMcø

‘§}} †£;(1412)

280 KQg—oñ eªê] cÿXl} <›ኽU KQgoñ ‹X]r]> †£ }mkF&

mk‰K§ „ï|?

M†}oñ ©cñ [lq kïDê ‹X]r]: H© ²ïsò }HgT …mk K]cF o_}‰ïT

{mk„ê s‘ʨ KQg—oñ: ‰èDê ²ïsò BF‘é ]Dsï²mkY: eªê] cÿXl}

<›ኽሪ KQg—oñ ‹X]r] †£> }mkF;eªê] cÿXl} KQg—oñ ‰M›ኾነ:

ko} …mk MQV— eªê] cÿXl} l—Dê ²÷§p| „ï¢[é] ‹X]r]

›o·chKD} dEq §´DÃö: <†sï M†}pኹም sï‘Amk sD÷ Q³§ †£;

...†sï Ãög— †sï koñ M†}pኹም sïÊ]] ©K§ ›o²mkS H©öa ‰ïª}

†£> (Dêd. 22, 19-20); KQg—oñ eª[ò} KQg—oñ K]cF} H©

KQg—oñ †£; …mk ‹Foñ„ê ‘é˧} …iVmk} H© (‹X]r]) †£; …mk

…²lmk …‘ÍÏ¥ ´} ÏFF§ …D÷& …mk K]cF †oñ KQg—oñ

mkMÏ\] ©M oÊÃK; …mk KQg—oñ eªê] cÿXl} ´} †oñ KQg—

oñ mks§ MÏ\] ©M †£ sïÏÃM; (1362-1367)

281 ‰K§ „ïE kòo ‹X]oñ¥} …mk KQg—oñ eªê] cÿXl}

†q\oÏ?

…mk eªê] cÿXl}: †oñ KQg—oñ ‹X]r]: KQg—oñ …ŠEq [mk{oë‘é}

†£; …ŠEq ‹X]r] |§ ዝኾኑ K†K|} I§‘q}: ‘éª[ò}: ]i¥q}:

ÃD÷q}: ]VI} Ä—X} M]oñ |§ ‹X]r] KQg—oñ H© §ኸ‘é};

M†}oñ BFg}} Kép}}: M†}oñ QWq x·ï…q ‰èD÷M ©cñ [mk}:

Šmk …ME‹• s©öF¢| K}Ê\‘é} Q³‘é} ópq M†}oñ ‹}ikF}

KQg—oñ eªê] cÿXl} {—X´; †rM …mk [L§ sD’ LykS

‹X]oñ¥}‘é} …mksï KQg—oñ ‹X]r] §HmkT †¨M; (1368-1372:

1414)

282 BEgõ „ï¢[é] …mk eªê] cÿXl} ‰K§ †£?

BEgõ ‹X]r] …mk eªê] cÿXl} ÏDê§} K‘ª©öXoñ mks§mkDê} …²lmk

§ÏÃM; ‹X]r] …mk eªê] cÿXl} mkQ³„ê} ©Ké} mk{Ï]} KDኮቱ}

BF‘é ]D›ኾነ: BEgõ„ê Hc•} ‹‘é}{p‘é} …L|‘é} †£; BEgõ

‹X]r] …mk eªê] cÿXl} mk‰èFq|„ê LDq mkKDኮቱ} q]mk†ቱ}

†£; †sï BEgõsï mkKF‹— ymk]q} ‘§}} ]D›o_Ê{: BEgõ„ê

MQ·ïVgñ †‘é} †£ }mkF; (1373-1375: 1413)

283 <MFg¹ lBX§> (transubstantiation) LDq †}p§ LDq †£?

MFg¹ lBX§ (transubstantiation) LDq: |§ ymk]q} ‘§}} lBX§

mkMDê„ê |mk |§ ²÷§p| „ï¢[é] ‹X]r] Q³} ©M} lBX§ oDgñ·ê

LDq †£; †sï |§ lBX§ D‘é·ï …mk …‰÷oõo cÿXl}: ko} l—Dê

²÷§p| „ï¢[é] ‹X]r] ›ošSk} dEq}: mko´lX K}Ê] eªê]}

§ÏÃM; |§ ymk]q} ‘§}} lBX§ §D‘é¹ ©ö… †MkX: †oñ ›X„

´ªLgñ KF‹— ymk]q} ‘§}} ´} …§F‘¹} †£; (1376-1377:

1413)

284 mkMchÿV] ymk]oñ (†}²óV) ‹X]r] §KdhchF ©ö£?

mkMchÿV] †oñ Q³ ‹X]r] ›ኾነ ymk]oñ ‹X]r] …§KdhchF} †£;

…mk {Ï]‘‰Ï cÿV] ymk]oñ ‹X]r] ‰§oKdhchD mk‰èF}q|„ê …mk„ê

§{mkX; (1377)

285 ‹\mk K…] †£ BEgõ ‹X]r] mkKF‹— ymk]q} ‘§}}

sïÃ}I?

KF‹— ymk]q} ‘§}} ‹\mk sD÷: ‹X]r] mk‰èF}q|„ê …mk ‘éa·ï

KF‹— ymk]q} ‘§}} …D÷; (1377)

286 …mk e©öLð MQ·ïS eªê] cÿXl} †}p§ –§{q …MFኾ

§ÏÃM?

…mk KQg—oñ eª[ò ኮ{: Šmk eªሴ ‘éÄ„ï: }eªê] cÿXl} sï‘éAmk

…ምልኾ F‹— ‰Moñ }…MEኽ ›‘ሃብ: |§ ]´©q …MFኾ †£ sï‘Amk;

ksï Mኽን¥q †sï †¥ kòo ‹X]oñ¥} {oñ |mk Q³} ©M} ‹X]r]

›oD‘· ymk]oñ mkF•êF ¹}dhch …mk K骢 eªê] cÿXl} †q–cÿY;

|mk IKéLq}: …mk ²ïsò eª[ò |mk kòo ‹X]oñ¥} ‰ïKÃê |mk

s§ኽእDê [lq} omkÃöJ; K†K|} mk–−mk }‰ï[´©öDê …mk K}kS

pnq q‘éÃö‡: …mk •ê©q‘é} mk…−mk q]‰N; kòo ‹X]oñ¥} …mk

K}kS pnq }sD÷ eªê] cÿXl} MmkÄI ‰s‘éqT}: ‰ï]´ªê}

}K†K|| qEn; (1378-1381: 1418)

287 ]DM}p§ †£ eªê] cÿXl} <Í[ïŠgñ K…ªï> sïkAF?

‹X]r] …mk eªê] cÿXl}: {oñ ‰M M´mk} K]o} sï‘éÊ Q³„ê}

©Ké} ]DsïBk|: }I| M]„ê: ‰M„ê‘é} {}I©öI©ö| ‰M}HmkX

]Dsï²mkS|& ‹X]r] mkMQ·ïVgñ K}²ªï: Í[ê ]DsïOX–F|: eªê]

cÿXl} <Í[ïŠgñ K…ªï> ‘§ ©öVX †£ }mkD÷; (1382-1384: 1391-

1396)

288 K}kS pnq †}p§ †£ qX²éKé?

K}kS pnq |§ ‹X]r] MF‹q †£; …mk K}kS pnq ‹X]r] l—

Dê: |mk KQg—oñ ‰M›chSk ‘é˧ †£: ksï Mኽን¥q †sï K}kS

pnq |§ KQg—oñ K]cF np †£ }mkD÷; ‰M„ê‘é} ‹X]r] …mk

K}kS pnq: ‰M K}Ê\gñ M´kï ኮ§ኑ }–| ]D›‘Amk: K}kS pnq

<K…ªï> eªê] cÿXl} †£ }mkF; (1383:1410)

289 K…] „ï| mkq†š› kòo ‹X]oñ¥} |§ ´©ö} …mk KQg—oñ

eª[ò ‹}\oÏ sD|?

mkK–Foñ [}kq}: …mk –k§oñ k–Eq} eª[ò }‰ï[M•ê: kòo ‹X]oñ¥}

}K†K|| qEn; †}o ተኻእD‘é} K–Foñ Kà eª[ò ‰ï[M•ê kòo

‹X]oñ¥} qK‹X; (1389: 1417)

290 eªê] cÿXl} K…] „ï| †}ቅበF?

…mk KQg—oñ eª[ò sï\oË K†K|: ‰èDê ´sò ‰Moñ sï´l†

o[|©ö¨M eªê] cÿXl} ‰ïikDê kòo ‹X]oñ¥} qEn; K†K} |§

´©ö} o|sïsê ‰ïfXmk sDÈ …mk e{ Í[ïŠ †£; (1389)

291 eªê] cÿXl} }ኽ}ikF †}p§ M´lX ¢©öF¢|?

eªê] cÿXl} }ኽንimkF: M] ŠrDïŠgñq kòo ‹X]oñ¥} MDê† ymkSq

¢©öF¢|; {Ï]| Šmk ›ኾ{ ይኹን |§ x·ï…q Nq ‰{}ÃöI §´k…|;

yDï|„ê KXLðT …mk –mk§ x·ï…q ‰MsD÷ sïÊF¹ K†K} …chªïKé

‰ï|s› (MQ·ïS }]H ‰ïikF) …DÈ; e©öLð eªê] cÿXl} MilF|

›o…ss ÅM ‹}ÑéM: e©öLð McÿVmk| (eªê] cÿXl} MilF|)

mk†X{êmk K}Ê]} ÃD÷q} ‹}[|¬ §´k…|; …Dlmk\| ኾ{ o´lVq|

(…©mk|) }‹X]r] sኽmkX/sïki— ‰ïኸ‘é} §´l†; (1385-1389: 1415)

292 |§ eªê] cÿXl} ÏSpq …¢~q †¨M?

eªê] cÿXl} mkMilF|: M] kòo ‹X]oñ¥}} M] ‹X]r]} sD÷|

H©ö{q §©ö}Ï—: …mk MQ·ïS ¹Mcq} MQ·ïS LôY}} ›ochkF|¨

MQ·ïVgñ ó §I©]& …mk M›‘épX ÏiU mkħ ¢L—mkD|; …mk

ÏiU ›¥ª ‰M}QSq ²§T: }„ê] x·ï…q| ©M[ï[é: –mk§ x·ï…q

‰mk MÏÄM ¢©öy{|; (1391-1397: 1416).

293 {rM ŠrDé¥} s§ኮ{ê ‹X]oñ¥} …ygq| ‰ïfXké §ኺDê¬?

{rM M] ŠrDïŠgñq ቤo ‹X]oñ¥} MDê† H©ö{q s§mkD÷M: …lEq

M]Vdh‘é¥} …mk¥o ‹X]q¥|q ኮ§~M: ŠrDé¥} s§ኮኑ ‹X]oñ¥}:

†}o©ö… Ïdh¬M ኮይ{ê: mk›´l† ‰… †}o©… o[|©ö¨M: ŠB|q

ŠrDé¥} ክቑXmkÈM §ኽእDê; {rM |§ ŠF‡q …mk¥o ‹X]q¥|q

…lEq ኮ§~M ŠrDé¥} s§ኮ{ê ‹X]oñ¥}: …mk BÃêÃö ²éª§

†}os§ኮኑ ‰ïikDê …§Ïc©D÷M} †£; …mk BÃêÃö ጉª§: Šmk

ŠrDé¥} ŠB|q eªê] cÿXl} ‰ïikDê †}o©F¨M: l—D÷M ©öE¨M

‰ï²FÃê: mkcë— MeXVmk ‰ï²mkT: ‰Moñ ŠrDïŠgñq kòo ‹X]oñ¥}

†q…M~ …mk MQ·ïS eªê] cÿXl} ‰ï…M{ê …DÈM; (1398-1401)

294 eªê] cÿXl} ‰K§ „ïDê †£ <|§ KÄ„ï ‹mkU K}´Qo

[L¥q —Xké}> sïኸ‘é}?

eªê] ቁXl} mkMilF|: mksD÷ [L¥gñ ópq} kéV‰òpq} {Ï]|

]DqKF†: …mksï M©öVgñ }´©q| ]}ቂ ኾ§{ê: sD–DLዊ I§‘q

ASX ‰M†}mkF ]D ዚ²mkS|& …mkዚ M©öUዚ ‰D÷| M]ቲ …mk ¢L}

…mk„ê ochLð·ê sD÷ ²÷§p| „ï¢[é] ‹X]r]}: M] †~| e©öስቲñ

LX¥M} ‰èErM eªê\}}: M]p …mk [L§ †qI²÷] sE LykS

‹X]oñ¥}} ]Ds‘AB©|& <eªê] cÿXl} |§ KÄ„ï ‹mkU K}´Qo

[L¥q —Xké} †£> }mkF; (1402-1405)

<…mk KQg—oñ eªê] cÿXl}:

{oñ ÃS Nq ›ኾነ:M] ‹X]r] }HgT }ኽን{mkX

}sD–DM sï–cÿS| K©öx{ðq:

{oñ H© ›ኾነ ymk]oñ „ï| †}cøX]>

(eªê] „ï´|Ãö¨] s…}Ãö¨e¥)

ŠF…§ M—VÏ

|§ MÏg] MQ·ïVq

295 ‹X]r] ]DM}p§ †£ {sï ‹Fo |§ MÏg] MQ·ïVq:

LDq }MQ·ïS }]H} MQ·ïS c}ªïF} sïOX•?

|§ Kl†p ‹X]q| MQ·ïVq olሂD} sïÏD¸: MQ·ïS ¹Mcq}:

LôY}}: eªê] cÿXl}} ›ogBk| H©öa I§‘q ‰ïHMM}: ኪK‘éq}

]DዚኽእF: †oñ |§ {Ï]} Q³} H‰ïM ›ኾነ ‹X]r]: †sï |§

MÏg] MQ·ïVq: LDq ም]·ïS }]H} MQ·ïS c}ªïF} OX–F|;

†Mk…X‰] ‹X]r]: ksï ‹Fo |§ MÏg] MQ·ïVq: kòo ‹X]q¥{ê

|§ MÏg]} M©öx}} oFእኹኡ ‹qiÃöሎ ©D¢; (1420-1421: 1426)

|§ }]H} —Xi} MQ·ïX

296 MQ·ïS }]H †}p§

olAðDê §Ãög—?

MQ·ïS }]H: MQ·ïS

—Xcñ: MQ·ïS MISq:

MQ·ïS {êšsò: MQ·ïS

oKF^ olAðDê‘é} §ÏD¹

†£; (1322-1424)

297 ©öIU ¹Mcq| ]DM}p§ H© o‘\ኺ MQ·ïS }]H …©öD¢?

MQ·ïS ¹Mchq: }[mk…gñ ©ኻም{q| mkMDê„ê ]D s¢¹Ï†: ‰M„ê‘é}

{oñ |mk x·ï…q sï]Ik| qM{ðq Q³| mkMDê„ê ]D s§©M[[:

‹X]r] {sï MQ·ïXsï OX–F|; ]Dsï MQ·ïS }]H: {rM ©öIU

¹Mcq Šmk …MEኽ }›SHchë x·ï…oይናpq |§ oKF^} |§ }]H

K³kU †£; (1425-1426: 1484)

298 ‹X]r] K…] MQ·ïS }]H OX–F|?

‹X]r] …mk M_q Í[ïŠ }HgX¥oë M]oV†¨M: <K}Ê] eªê]

ochkDê: x·ï…rM }›x©‹KéD÷M §y©²D÷M: }s§x©‹MD÷M ‰…

§oxsD÷M †£> (¨H. 20, 22-23) …mk ›kD÷ †g} MQ·ïS }]H

oOX•; (1485)

299 ›o·Kchë skDê }]H ¢©öF¨M ©ö£?

‹X]r] ›An |§ }]H Dkg: }MDê† —©öK ‹X]oñ¥} ዚ©³²M ጻውዒq

†£; kòo ‹X]oñ¥} e©ö]oñ †¥: †}oኾነ ´} …mk IchëÍ x·ï…oይናpq

]D sD’: }‰ï}]Gê} ‰ïMD[é} |§ KE† kòo ‹X]oñ¥} cÄDï Ä—U

†£; (1427-1429)

300 ‘éa¸gñ }]H †}p§ †£?

†oñ mkKሰረpgñ ó o}ch\chñ[è <›o¸—[ Fkï> (K›. 51,19): }MISq

…Mላኽ ‰ïMFa kïDê ›²mkY M}i]dh]: ‘éa¸gñ }]H §kAF; †ዚ

}]Hዚ: |§ sïÊÃMŠ¨ x·ï…q ÃöF†} ¸—\}: }KÄ„ï …mk S©ö„íq

…MEኽ oo]Ìኻ }‰§qx¹† cëXÃï Ïdh©ö M´lX} ›ኾ{ê o´lVq

¢·dhFF; }]H …mk KOረpgዊ MISq §q]Ð; }]H mko]Í

KOረpዊ MISq §M²mk; (1430-1433: 1490)

301 …mk ‹X]q¥|gñ I§‘q }]H mkኸK§ KF‹— §´DÃö?

…mk I§‘q ‹X]q| }]H mk›oÊED¢ KF‹— §´DÃö; mkÏE§ ´}

mkÅM} ÃD÷q} MÃögq} §´DÃö; †›} ŠF† ›oSÊ KF‹— }]H}

…mk —Dpgñ I§‘q ‹X]oñ¥} ‰ï´DÃö §‰…F †£; mkÏE§ ´} }]H

…mk ²ïsò ÅK …Xl–} mk—Dq –Xmk} (Ské—}) †£ sïÏÃM;(1434-1439)

302 |§ MQ·ïS }]H c}©ö} …©öD§q} o´lVq …¢~q

†¨M?

c}ªï o´lVq MQ·ïS }]H ‹Fo †¨M; mk©öÏ„ïq K}Ê] eªê]

§}\I |§ sD÷ ‹X]oñ¥} o´lVq}: |§ ŠB} ÏqHq}; ÏqHq

›Bmk ŠB} mk]M ‹X]r] §ÊqI: …²lmk c~| (ŠI\) ©öL §‘é]};

(1440-1449)

303 o´lVq o{[H§ …¢~q †¨M?

¹}cëi |§ yDï| KXKV M´lX: mkš—l x·ï…qŠ MIš}: Šmkዚ

‰ïD–F sDÈ …mk KÄ„ï ጊsò }ኸይqxጥእ cëXÃï Ïdh©ö M´lX:

x·ï…qŠ }ŠB}Š M}³X LDq mkš—l x·ï…qŠ M}š›: ›ogBkŠ (|§

ŠI\ o´lVq) c~| MÏÄM; እቲ }…MEኽ mkMmkªFŠ ዚ]K–Š

Hš}: ÏÃêM Hs} §kAF; †oñ mkኻF† Mኽን¥q ]K–Š Hs} ´}

s§ÏÃêM Hs} §kAF; †oñ mkx·ï…q ›oÊÃK k©F ‰ï‰H] ]DsDÈ:

ŠB} }o{[H§ H©H© ŠI\ §‘é]{Dê †£; †sï ‰… c~| §kAF;

(1450-1460: 1487-1492)

304 }‰K§ ›kD x·ï…q „ï| †}|s›?

©öIU ¹}chëi |§ yDï|| KXKV M´lX: s§o|s›|¨M –mk§ቲ

x·ï…q ‰Msሉ| †}oÊሊ¹|: ‹}|sዞM …D÷|; †oñ }†ar x·ï…q

¹V§ s§ኮ{]: mkÏE§ {oñ –k§oñ x·ï…q †}oo|s›|¨ ¹V§ †£

MISq x·ï…q| sï‘Ak|; (1456)

305 –k§oñ x·ï…q| ‹}|sዘሎM sï´k…| K…] †£?

Fkï ›²kS ‹X]oñ¥}: ‘qT e©öLð eªê] cÿXl} MilDê: mkÏE§ ©öL

†}o‘H© H© ²ïsò …mk –Kq –k§oñ x·ï…oë ‰ïን|s› qGê› †£;

(1457)

306 ]DMp§ „ï| <}†ar x·ï…q‘é} ‹}|ዘዝ …D÷|> †}mkF?

e{ê— yDï| ኼነጥ ]D›I´s|: …}ÄX ILi ›lDí| ‰M}dhD]

]Dsï²mkS|: mk‹X]r] oÊgñ]|: I§‘q| mkK}Ê] }‹}KXI

]DsኽእD|: }†ar x·ï…q‘é} }ኽን|sዝ kòo ‹X]oñ¥} …Ãkïdh qEn;

(1458)

307 |§ M]·S }]H OV–ð K} †£?

‹X]r] |§ —Xcñ MQ·ïVq (MQ·ïS }]H): e©öM }HgX¥oë:

©öHX‘é} {rM oŠ†rM ›ኾኑ …ké|q}: ‰M„ê‘é} {rM oHlkXoñ

…ké|q ዝኾኑ ŠB|q} AnM; †oeM ›o·i[é [lq: ‹X]r] mk›AnM

]F¸}: |§ KDOEpgñ Ãö©öe} ÏqI} MISq} K]~pq

(K\XIpq) †¨M; }\rM mk]M …mk} ‘F©ö} K}Ê] eªê]}:

x·ï…q }‰ïH©ö²é (‰ïÊqGê) ]F¸} …DÈM; (1461-1466: 1495)

308 |§ ²Dï„ê x·ï…q y©ö²q (ÏqHq) mkÏE§ }K} §MF‰q?

ŠB} skD …mk ©ö}²o Nq }›X‰mk x·ï…ተይና †}Šmk ‰èDê –§{q

x·ï…oë ‰ïÊqJ §ኽእF: ‘§‘é} †}Šmk ‘é´soë |Ä ‰ïmkD÷ §ኽእF

†£; y©ö²q ‘§ ÏqHq ²Dï„ê x·ï…q ´} Isê† ‰ïኸው} ይኽእF

†£; ²Dï„ê mks§ K·} –mk§ ›ኾነ x·ï…q ‘é´sq ‰òኸትF §ኽእF

†£; |§sï –§{q x·ï…q y©ö²q ‘§ ÏqHq }HgX¥gñ K}kX ‘§

}…ké} [kኻ ‘§ ]F¸} }›ogBn ŠB} §MF‰q; (1463).

309 s|›› ŠB} ({êšsò ›ochkD ŠB}) MQ·ïX ‰ï—emk qGê›

©ö£?

{êšsò ›ochkD ŠB}: mkš—l sï[M˜ x·ï…q }ኸይšSmk |§ {êšsò LyoM

§ኽል‹D÷; †sï MQ·ïXsï o{dÏ} –mk§} ]D›ኾ{& mkÏE§ ‰… |§

o{\H§ ‹mkU ‰ïID÷ ]DsDÈ: ŠB} …mk {êšsò ‘§ ‰M {êšsò mkš—l

sï[M˜ {²Vq mkM}M –§{q ‰ïšSmk …§ኽእF}; …mk e©öLð Nq‘é}

†}oኾነ s|ss ŠB} MQ·ïX MQ·ïS }]H mkÏÃêM ‰ï—emk …DÈ;

LyoM MQ·ïS {êšsò sÏS[ ŠB} (–mk§ ገk} ]D ›ÏÃöM) –mk§

KiÄ—oñ ¢ኸትDDê; (1467)

310 |§ MQ·ïS }]H ÏSpq …¢~q †¨M?

MQ·ïS }]H mksò]—n o´lVq ‘§ mksïBn ÏSpq †£ sïFD; M]

…MEኽ …o–Uchë x·ï…q| §©öM][F|; M] kòo ‹X]oñ¥} LDq M]

LykS ‹X]p} ¢o–Xch|; ó …´sï…mkGíX †}o¹Ì†|: §MD[F|;

mk[}‰ï –mk§ x·ï…q }²A{K †\q }›ÊX©| KiÄ—oñ §©öM][F|;

\—kò} |§ |†aoë x·ï…q Šmk ›ኾነ ²Dï„ê ²ïsï¥gñ KiÄ—oñ ¢©öy{|;

|§ yDï| e\{q} [EM}: K}Ê\gñ MÃö}|—} §Bk|; …mk M©öVgñ

dF]| }K}Ê\gñ x§F| ¢kVq˜; (1468-1470: 1496)

311 …mk Ãö²éM ²ïsò †oñ …mk eª[ò mkHÊ` }I›k ‹X]oñ¥}

›‘Amk ÏqHq (s‘F©ö) }MQ·ïS }]H ‰ïq‰‡ §ከኣF¬?

…mk Ãö²éM ²ïsò: }…mk{q …mk ©ö}²o Nq: ‘éFdgñ …ÊÄÃöL MQ·ïS

}]H mkHÊ`gñ …ÊÄÃöL MQ·ïS }]H (ሓÊ`ዊ {êšsò} HÊ`ዊ

ÏqHq}) ‰ïqŠ… §‰…F †£; …mksï ´} kòo ‹X] ቲ¥} ›H²²r

QX–q MኽታF ¢©öDï; †sï …²lmk {êšsò ©öL {oñ c}ዲ …²lmk

MQ·ïS }]H ‰ïq‹‡ ]D ›§ኽእF: ²ïsò} …³¸M} …mk ›oSኸበDê

†g} koñ }kéX …²lmk ‰ïqŠ† …DÈ; (1480-1484)

312 QWq x·ï…q (Indulgence) †}p§ †£?

(x·ï…oይና M] o{]Gí k©Dê §y©²Dê †£: ኮ§{ê ´} †oñ mk[}‰ï

x·ï…q sïKÃö† ²ïsï¥gñ KiÄ—oñ …D÷; †oñ mk[}‰ï x·ï…q sïKÃö†

²ïsï¥gñ KiÄ—oñ: …mk e©öLð …Mላኽ sïy©²Dê mkQWq x·ï…q †£);

]Dsï QWq x·ï…q: †oñ mk[}‰ï x·ï…q sïKÃö† ²ïsï¥gñ KiÄ—oñ

‘§ mkMDê„ê ‘§ mk‰ÌF sï©öM]] K}Ê\gñ K³kU †£;kòo ‹X]oñ¥}

|§ ‹X]r]} |§ eªê\}} K›²k ŠI\ ‹q—©öF} ‰o©E©öF} ]F¸}

]DsDg: }M†K|| ²D o´lVq mkMÏÄM }…‡M ኾ{ }›Nቱ

…ygrM QWq x·ï…q ‰M›ኸስké q²mkX;(1471-1479: 1498)

MQ·ïS c}ªïF ‘§ emk…o IKéL}

313 …mk mkDê§ ‰ïª} }ILM ‰K§ §ikFÈ {kT?

…mk mkDê§ ‰ïª}: }ILM ‰M lBX¥gñ ©öኻም{q ‘ªï[mk ²§YM

§ikFÈ {kT: ILM} x·ï…q} MQ·ïVgñ mk›ኾ{ …²lmk Mq†]\X

‰MsDÈ ²§YM §´Moë {kT; {mk¥q ´}: ILM †}oÅXŠ

}©öy{qŠ} ©öy{q mkÅqŠ}: }y©ö²q x¸qŠ} mkÅqŠ} ‰M›·iM

²§YM §‘]©öÈ {kT; ]Dsï [mk: ILM §ikD÷: Šmk …MEኽ ©öL

K©öx{ðq ‘§ Ê‘éሲ §FM} {kS; (1499-1502)

314 <„ï¢[é] }IKéLq §©ö}´ÃD÷M {kS> †}‰ïkAF †}p§

LDq †£?

„ï¢[é] }IKéLq §©ö}´ÃD÷M}:

mkmk›wð‘é} ¢I‘é¨M} {kS; }[é:

†oñ …mk F—Dï x·ï…q: ILLq}

Nq} sïÊÃN –‘q: K}´Qoñ

…MEኽ ‰MsïKà HkSF|; ²÷§p|

„ï¢[é] ‹X]r] mkILLoë} mkNoë}:

}ILM} ]i¥q} ‘ªï[mk H©öa

qX²éM ‰M›BFÈ ²kS: ‰K§ ›ኾነ

§ኹን ILM ‘§ ]dh§ M]

]i¥q} ILLq} ²÷§p| „ï¢[é]

‹X]r] ÃMkïXŠ †}oochkïFŠ¨:}–ኻ

ኾ{ }ኻል‡q |§ M}ÄI} |§

©öy{q} K\XGï ‰ïኸው} §ኽእF;

(5030-1505)

315 kòo ‹X]oñ¥} }IKéLq mk‰•K§ q¹MrM?

kòo ‹X]oñ¥} }IKéLq ‹qÏ‘é] Šmk ²÷§p| „ï¢[é] ‹X]r]

]D›o…ssq: }IKéLq q‰|ኸን: M]„ê‘é} mkÃD÷q M†}p‡M

oLF©ö; mk²÷§p| „ï¢[é] ‹X]r] ›oOX•: |mk IKéLq sïc}•:

]Dsï †£ eªê] ¥—fmk }IKéLq ¹V§ sï·eM} MQ·ïX ‰MsD÷|

‰Msï †|kD sïM]‹X: <…mk L†‰F‰êM ›HKK †}oD÷ }KVIoቲ

kòo ‹X]oñ¥} §Ã‘é—: }\rM ‰… mk]M ²÷§p mks§ቲ †|chmk„ê

§ÃF£Dê; †p mk†M{q ›o²mkSq ÃD÷q ©öL {oñ IKéM ‰oIgñ¨

†¥> (¥—. 5, 14-15); (1505-1513: 1526-1527)

316 MQ·ïX emk…o IKéLq ‘§ MQ·ïS c}ªïF K} †£

‰ïikD÷ ›ኽእF?

†oñ mkILM ‘§ mk†X³} ‰ïK‘éq ›©D¢: ‘§ …mk …ÏNq sïX‰mk

K†K}: MQ·ïX emk…o IKéL} ‰ïikF §ኽእF; †oñ mkኸምዚ

…²lmk H© ²ïsò emk…o IKéL} ›ochkD [mk: Šmk ILKé oÊgñ[é:

ŠF…§ ²ïsò †}oHLðKé: ‘§ ŠF† mkXoë— ILM †}o…¹c˜ }ኻል…§

²ïsò {sï MQ·ïXsï ‰ïikD÷ §ኽF; e©öLð {sï MQ·ïXsï MilDê

›IKK [mk mk›oኻእD K·} ‰ï|s› …DÈ; (1514-1515: 1528-1529)

317 |§sï MQ·ïXsï OV–ð K} †£?

|§ዚ MQ·ïXዚ OV–ð ኣቡን፤ ዓዳሊ ከኣ …ké} ወይ ካህን †£;

318 MQ·ïS emk…o IKéL} ‰K§ kïDê §ÏÃM?

c}ªï …ÊÄÃöL emk…o IKéL} mkMil†} mkÃD÷q} §ÏÃM; OV–ð

ŠB}: …ké} mk›ባረኽዎ s§oñ ²§T: …mk QX–q Eoñ} ´}lX} „ï©ö}

IKéM ¹V§ §cmk†; …mk QX–q M]Vdh‘é¥} ´} }ŠF† ‹ÏDï

[mk{q‘é} §chmk† †£; ŠB} †|chmk„: MQ·ïVgñ ó }‰ï‘X©ö …mk

F—Dï IKéM §ÃöDï; (117-1523: 1531)

319 ÏS emk…o IKéL} †}p§ †£?

MQ·ïX emk…o IKéL}: ]i¥q} ILM} }K}Ê\gñ ¹iLð

IKéM} }¹iLð KE† kòo ‹X]oñ¥} M†}ቲ ኪኸው}: M] ILLq

‹X]r] ‰MsïÃöMkX §²mkY; {oñ IKéM ‰… ÏDê§ ›ኾነ Q·ïVgñ

ó}: MÃö}|—} [EM} Hn} §Bn; †oñ IKéM ‰§o|ss ADgoë

†}o…¹Ê„ ksï MQ·ïXsï x·ï…ቱ §y©²Dê; …MEኽ †}o©D¨‘é}:

ksï MQ·ïXsï ²§T …ŠEgñ ¹—| ‰ò]—mk §ኽእF †£; {ቲ s§Hዊ

IKéM: †ዚ MQ·ïXዚ: |mk ²š †´sï…mkGíX …n: LDq |mk

K}´Qo [L¥q }‰ï…ቱ §I´ዝ †£; (1520-1523: 1532)

320 <K}Ê\gñ ]}cñ> (Viaticum) †}p§ †£?

{rM …mk …ÊNq sïX‰ké: …mk M›šM M©öVgñ I§‘q sD’

IKéL}: |mk sD–DLgñ I§‘q }M†p‘é M†}oñ ‰[|©öÈM: ›‘Amk

eªê] cÿXl} <K}Ê\gñ ]}chñ> §kAF; †sï Šmk M©öVgñ I§‘q| |mk

²š …n …mk †}…q‘Dê †g} ›‘Amk: |§oñ sïNo} ›o}Q„í} ‹X]r]

Q³} ©M}:sX„ï sD–DLgñ I§‘q}: x§Dï q}P„í} †£;(1524-1525)

PF\§ M—VÏ

|§ …²F´D÷q: oF†ኾ: [épÎ: MQ·ïVq

321 |§ …²F´D÷q [épÎ oF†ኾ MQ·ïVq sïkADê …¢~q'¨M?

‹Fo MQ·ïVq: LDq MQ·ïS ‹B{q} MQ·ïS oኽሊïF}: M†}oñ

I}Ãq I›k †´sï…mkGíX: …mk kòo‹X]oñ¥} ÏDê§ oF†ኮ ogሂkéŠ

M†}oñ ‰o²F´F MQ·ïVgñ ó §Bkéኻ; †sï ‹Fo MQ·ïVqsï …mk

|§ kòo ‹X]oñ¥} H©ö{q} …mk M©öx} ŠF‡q} –mk§ ´© …DÈ;

(1533-1535)

MQ·ïS ‹B{q

322 MQ·ïS ‹B{q †}p§ †£?

MQ·ïS ‹B{q ‘§ K–X² ‹B{q:

‹X]r] }HgX¥oë I©öU AðmkÈM

|§ ›{kS oFእኾ KcÃFp †£;

\E ‹B{q: oF†ኾ ‹X]r] …mk kòo

‹X]oñ¥} §›‘éoX} ‹\mk K‘ª…p

–DM}‘é} §Ã}I; (1536)

323 †sï MQ·ïXsï ]DM}p§ †£ <K–X´> ›mkF eÃöF sï‘An?

MQ·ïS ‹B{q: ÏDê§ mk›ኾነ ‘Ê¥ |mk …‰pqE K–X³q kòo

‹X]oñ¥} ‰Mq…oë ]D›²mkSŠ: ÏDê§ mk›ኾነ B¥mk K}Ê] eªê]:

K}Ê\gñ ]F¸} ]DsFmk[Š: mk]M} mk]F¸}} ‹X]r] …mk …²F´D÷q

I›k †´sï…mkGíX ‰MqÃöK©ö‘é} ]D›²mkSŠ: K–X² ‹B{q olAðDê

§Ãög†; (1537-1538)

324 …mk K©mk ©öy{q …MEኽ MQ·ïS ‹B{q †}p§ ´© …DÈ?

…mk mkDê§ ‰ïª} o²DïÃê sD÷: …²F´D÷q Dg‘é¥}}: ‹B{q …Y}}:

MIV§ <[mk– aL´Dpq}> (swê. 11,25): |§ MQ·ïS ‹B{q e©öK

M\Dí †£; †sï e©öK M\Dí …mk ²÷§p| „ï¢[é] ‹X]r] ÏÄLô

§S‹mk; ‹X]r] mkKQg—oñ K]cDê: <†oñ …mk K}μ [mk} …MEኽን

sD÷ H© Ko–Schñ> (1·ïN.2,5) ኮ{; }[é<‰M K–X´ KF‰òéi Dïc

ŠB|q> (—mk.10) †£;†sï †}OE ›ኾነ ‹X]r\gñ ‹B{q:koñ oF†ኻ…gñ

›Oኾነ ‹B{q †£ …mk –DM BEgõ„ê sS³´Ãö; (1439-1546: 1590-1591)

<‹X]r] ¹V§ †£ ŠB}:

ŠF‡q ‰èD÷M F„ኻቱ †¨M>

(eªê] rL] s…‰è~)

325 K–X² ‹B{q ‹}©§ ©S®pq …DÈ?

K–X² ‹B{q OD]o ©S®pq …DÈ; }\rM ©öL ጵጵስ|: ‹B{q:

ªïcë| „ï¥rM; †ቶም OD]o ©S®pq K–X² ‹B{q †sï‡M: …mkoñ

QT—…cg‘éL (eXÃï) kòo ‹X]oñ¥} KoŠ†p s§mkD÷M ©S®pq

ኮ§~M }SኽቦM; (1554-15930

326 ÏS K–X² ÃÂöÃÂö]| †}p§ †£?

K–X² ÃÂöÃÂö]| }L—X² ‹B{q KÊÃMp ¢Fmk^; K–X² ÃÂöÃÂö]|:

}…ké} I³gñ o‰pF} oŠ†} HgX¥q}& …lF [ï~¬] …ké|q}

‰Mዚኸውን §²mkY; M] X. ሊ. ÄÂÄÂ\q} ŠF‡q …ké|q} ኮ§{ê mkš—l

KE† kòo ‹X]oñ¥} ‰ï[XI ]F¸} ¢Fmk^; …mk kòo ‹X]oñ¥} |§

MMAX} Miª]} MMIªX} ‹†Dq §Bn; (1557-1558: 1594)

327 …mk X†[ï H}oñ [kኻ ‘§ A²S ]mk‰q ›obK ÄÂÄÂ] ‘§

…ké} HFÏ{oë †}p§ †£?

‰M ¶\ ‘§ …KHªU H}oñ [kኻ ‘§ A²S ]mk‰q ›obK …ké}:

›S„ MF‹q} KOSq} H©ö{q |§p skòpgñq kòo ‹X]oñ¥} †£;

}ሱ ‰M MኽትF ‹X]r] ኮ§{ê: mkŠB|ቱ} ዲ¥f|ቱ} oH²ïsê: |§

A²S ]mk‰oë ‘§ [kኻኡ ²ÿ]{pgñ o´lX §ÏÃöM; (1560-1561)

328 |§ K–X² ‹B{q ÏS †}p§ †£?

mkemk…q K}Ê] eªê] ]D›och©]: ‹B{q ›Dk[ ªï¥f}: s§©öM[]

LyoM §ikF; †sï s§©öM[] LyoM }‹X]r] ŠB} ¢K\]D÷:

mk]M †oñ X†[ï kòo ‹X]oñ¥} ›ኾኑ ‹X]r] ‰ï[XI‘é} ¢ኽእD÷;

ŠB} oHlkU K–X² ÃÂöÃÂö]| ]Dኾነ: ‘}²óF ‰ï[ብኽ: QX–o …MFኾ

‰ïÏÃöM: mkÏE§ ©öL KQg—o eªê] cÿXl} ‰ò—X´}: |§ K†K|{ê

¶\ ‰ïኸውንን §ኽእF; (1562-1567: 1595)

329 ŠB} ‰K§ ²§T †£ oF†ኾ„ê sïÏÃöM?

|§ ŠB} ተልእኾ …²F´D÷q ‰èEgñq kòo ‹X]oñ¥} †£;}ሱ ]Xሑ

sïÏÃöM ´} …mk [kኻዊq kòo ‹X]oñ¥} †£;M]rM ŠF‡q |§ [በኻ

ŠB|q <LykS ŠB|q> §Ê¹X: mkMQ·ïVgñ ›ኾ{ y‘é{q §{mkX;

…mk qIoñ …ké} [በኻ ኮ§{ê: M]„ê‘é} H©ö{q mkMϸX: |§p [በኻ

MMIªVgñ HEÏ{q §]‰M; (1568)

330 ÏS K–X² ªïcë| †}p§ †£?

ªï¥f} {oñ …²F³Dï ‰èD÷M ›ኾነ ‹X]r] K[ïDê: kòo ‹X]oñ¥}

}ኼገF´F K–X´ §Dmk];…mk qIoñ …ké{ê ኮ§{ê: …mk …²F´D÷q dF

…MEኽ §ÃöK©ö; …mk QX–o …MFኾ ¢²F´F; }K†K|} §KXI}

|§ XyVwó o´lVq §ÏÃöM}; (1569-1571: 1596)

331 …ÊÄÃöL ‘§ QX–o PðKo ‹B{q ‰K§ †£?

…mk OD]oñኡ ©S®pq ‹B{q (ªïcë|: ‹B{q: ÃÂöÃÂö]|): …ÊÄÃöL QX–

q MQ·ïS ‹B{q ‰Msï ›]—mk †£; …mk X†[ï †oñ K–X² ‹B{q

sïikF sD÷ [mk: …ké} …MmkY „ï©ö §²mkX; †oñ ‹kéX ÃD÷q PðKo

‹B{q mkM©ö³M‘é} ‹B{q ¢Fmk]È; …mksï ÃD÷qsï: †oñ ÏDê§ ዝኾነ

M‘éV©ö K}Ê] eªê] ‰ïÏÃM}: ÏDê§ }›ኾነ ‹B{pgñ oFኾ ›I´›

‘éBkpq K}Ê] eªê] ‰ï‘X©ö}: …ké} }†´sï…mkGíX …MEኽ §FM{ê;

(1572-1574: 1597)

332 OV–ð MQ·ïS ‹B{q K} †£?

oŠ†q} o‰oFq} HgX¥q ]D›ኾኑ: †rM mk´ké† K–X² ÃÂöÃÂö]|

sïDk[é …ké|q: |§oñ OD]o ©S®pq s·dhFF K–X² ‹B{q OV—oñ

†¨M; (1575-1576: 1600)

333 MQ·ïS ‹B{q sïDmk] K} †£?

}MQ·ïS ‹B{q: †oñ ›o·Kch †N ‘ªï ol—p§ ›ኾነ ‘éFc[mk

¹V§ †£ mkmki–q ‰ïikD÷ ዚኽእል; ²÷§p| „ï¢[é] ‹X]r] (}L—

X² ‹B{q ©cñ ol—q¨ ¹V§ ]D›HS¢) †sï MX½sï ]Dsï²kS}: kòo

‹X]oñ¥}‘é} ksï MX½ዚ qi¢©ö; mk[k ]F¸} kòo ‹X]oñ¥} }K–

X² ‹B{q mkcë— ኮ§ኑ ›o²Ko [mk ¹V§ †£ ‹B{q sïDmk];

s§oKXà oV [mk {sï K–X´sï s§ochkF‰ê ‹mkF …§ኽእF};(1577-

1578:1598)

334 MQ·ïS ‹B{q ‰ïikF ›©Dï [mk |§ ´©ö} s§oKX–‘

©ö£ ‰ïኸው} sDÈ?

}K–X² ÃÂöÃÂö]| ›cVSmk ŠB}: s§oKX–‘ mko–en ›{mkX [mk ኪኸ

‘é} …DÈ; …mk M—Vmkgñq kòo‹X]oñ¥} }K–X² ‹B{q sïcVSké

[lq: ŠmkrM s§oKX–’ K†K} ‰ïኾኑ <M†}oñ K}´Qo [L¥q>

(Loõ. 19,12) kïD÷M‘é} mko–en ‰ï{mkT sï©F£ [lq ¹V§ †¨M

sïMSÃê; …mk M]Vdh‘é¥} …mk¥o ‹X]q¥|q ›oKX–’ ªï¥f|q

K–X² ‹B{q ‰ïDmk[é §ኽእDê; ©öIU ‹B{q ´} MMX–‘é …§Ïc©ö}

†£; ‰M„ê‘é} }cgLð K–X² ªïcë| ›oKX–‘é M†K|} ‰ïMSÃê

§ኽእDê; (1579-1580: 1599)

335 ÏS MQ·ïS ‹B{q ‰K§ ›kD †£?

‰‰M ©S® K–X² ‹B{q: †sï MQ·ïXsï {oñ ‹B{q sïDmk] sD÷

M†K} }‹X]r] ¢K\]D÷; …mk |§ ‹X]r] ‹B{pgñ {mk¥gñ }²éPgñ

oF†ኾ•‘é} ‰MsïÃöMkX §²mkY; MQ·ïS ‹B{q s§©öM[] K}Ê\gñ

LyoM §HqKF|; ]Dዚ MQ·ïS ‹B{q H}oñ ²ïዚ ¹V§ „ï|

†}ikD÷; (1581-1589)

336 ‹B{pgñ oF†ኾ †}p§ –§{q ]F¸} …DÈ?

‹B{q sïDk[é [lq …mk MÏÄM K}Ê\gñ oFኾኦM ‰ï[XGê} ‰ïšSké}

‰D’: mk|§ ²š† X†^M ]F¸}: ‘§ LykS ‹X]oñ¥} mk›AmkÈM

]F¸} ‘§ mk‘é‹F| ›ochkFÈ ]F¸} s§ኮ{]: …mk ‹}ªï †oñ X†[ï

kòo ‹X]oñ¥} ›ኾነ ‹X]r]}: mk]M kòo ‹X]oñ¥}} „ï¨M sïÏÃöMÈ;

ksï Mኽን¥qsï †sï: oF†ኾ…gñ ‹B{q: Šmkoñ oV |§ K†K} ‹B{q

mkK–X´ ¹V§ s§{ mklBX§‘é} §ÏD; oF†ኾ…gñ ‹B{q }…²F´D÷q

‹B{o K†K|} †£ oOU•ê; (1547-1553: 1592)

MQ·ïS dF ‰ïª} ‘§

MQ·ïS oኽDïF

337 K©mk …MEኽ mkš—l [mk…§} [k§q} †}p§ †£?

†oñ ÏiU ›ኾነ …MEኽ፡ }[mk mkÏiU Ê·ïT:}‰òÏiX §Ãö‘é˜;

…MEኽ: [mk…§} [k§q} ‰ïʹX ‰D÷: mkdF ‰ïª} ›o…]S –Lðcÿ

H©ö{q} H©öIªgñ ÏiX} I§‘q} ‰ïʹT јM; <©²ïM H© …ŠF

†¨M †MkX ‹Fo …§ኮ{ê}> (Loõ.19,6); }[mk…§} [k§q} ‰ïlኾም

‰D÷ …MEኽ <ÏS£} ol›wê} }M©öU ‰… MF†g} MDኽዋ}>

(sϹ.1,28) kD÷M; (1601-1605)

338 …MEኽ }M}p§ —EL kïDê †£ MQ·ïS dF ‰ïª} sïOX•?

[mk…§} [k§q} H© …ŠF sï²mkX MQ·ïS dF ‰ïª}: Šmk …MEኽ

Šmk ›K}»‘ I²ï †£ sïQV—} sïMQSq}; mklBX£ †Mk…X‰]

MQ·ïS ተኽሊል }H©ö{q} ¹eM} oÄK©öoñ: ‘éDê©ö }M‘éE©ö}:

‘éDê©ö }M—l§} ›–DK †£; mk¹}oñ K©mk …MEኽ ‰M›{kS:

‹X]r]‘é} ©²ïKé <†Mk…X {oñ …MEኽ H© ›²kY [mk …§ÏD¨>

(Loõ.19,6) ‰M›kD÷: …mk dF ‰ïª} sD÷ H©ö{q …§ÏpI} †£;

(1659-1660)

339 x·ï…q }dF ‰ïª} ‰K§ kïDê †£ …mk H©³ ‰ò‘é©öj sïኽእF?

H©ö{q} ÏeX} [mk…§} [k§q}

sïʹX MQ·ïS dF ‰ïª}:

mks§M]ML—} M¹FEM} …mk

H©³ ‰ï‘©öi ይኽእል; †oñ

cªL§ x·ï…q …ªM} Gíg}}:

{oñ mk…MEኽ }[mk…§} [k§q}

ogAðké ›{kS H©ö{q ‰MsÏS^:

†sï |§ s§M]L—} M¹FEM}

x·ï…q‘é} mksêy ²ïsò }dF

‰ïª} ‰òÏX^ ይኽእል; ኮ§ኑ ´}:

‰Moñ Šmk ¹}oñ K©mk …MEኹ

›{kS H©ö{q [mk…§} [k§q}

M†}oñ ‰òÃ}—: …Mላኽ mks§ዉª†

MISoë: }[mk…§} [k§q}

ó„ê §BnM;(1606-1608)

340 mkDê§ ‰ïª} mkš—l MQ·ïS K‘é]n †}p§ §mkF?

…MEኽ mkqMBXoñ I² Ké[ò} mkqMBXoñ {mk¥q} ²§T }I›ké

KAYM; dF ‰ïª} H© ²ïsò }HgT ‰M›´kX}: ‰Ms§ÏpI}

‰ïMBYM kïDê ©öL …mksï ²éª§sï X©ö„ïq I›k †]V„íF kmkcëTmk

‰M›[ÏI} ‰M›M—mkF} ²kS; …Mላኽ }I›k †]V„íF dF ‰ïª}

‰M›oኸለሉ sX©ö† M\Dí …mk mkDê§ ‰ïª} mksêy …D÷; †ዚ M\Dísï {oñ

‘ªï …Mላኽ ›ኾነ ‹X]r] M]p KX–ቱ ›ኾነት kòo ‹X]oñ¥} ‰ïoኽሎ

}›{kY H©öa dF ‰ïª} …iªïKé ¢KF‹q}: }…„ê‘é} §chVXmk;

(1609-1611)

341 ‹X]r] …mk dF ‰ïª} sMÃö‡ H©öa {²X †}p§ …D÷?

‹X]r] mkš—l dF ‰ïª} sMÃö‡ H©öa {²X ‰Msï sï]—mk †£;

‹X]r] }MQ·ïS dF ‰ïª}: …MEኽ |mk ›©D¨ |mk |§ c©Ké

QX–q KD^; koñ H©öa ‹mkU sDÈ MQ·ïX }‰ï{mkT ©öL {rM

oÄK©öoñ ó §Bmk; MQ·ïS dF ‰ïª} MF‹q dF ‰ïª|gñ ÏiU

‹X]r]} kòo ‹X]oñ¥} ]D ›ኾነ Ä‘éD÷]: <…}oëM [mk„êq: ‰Moñ

‹X]r] }kòo ‹X]q¥{ê... …mk ‹}©ö… ²š† X†[é k® ‹\mk MAmk

sÏcV: {}]qኹም …ÏeX‘}> („íÊ. 5,25) §mkF; (1612-1617: 1661)

342 ‰èDê [mk MQ·ïS dF ‰ïª} ‰ïÏÃöM §´©©ö ©ö£?

‰èDê [mk mkdF ‰ïª} ‰ï{mkX …§´©©ö}; …MEኽ }²Dï‡M [mk„êq}

…}]q} mkÏE§: M†}oñ K}´Qo [L¥q „ïD÷M: }‹mkU dF ‰ïª}

‰ïM}{ê& }²÷§p| „ï¢[é] ‹X]r] …mk K}²ªï ©ö}´F| (’˧ o–

in) }‰ï]—mkÈ §Ãö‘é˜M; }^M mkš—l |§ ²÷§p} {²Vq §´©[é&

}…„ê ¹V§ ©] ‰òmkDê §Ãö—T& ‰Msï kïD÷M ©öL {oñ mkኽብU sïÏÃM

ኻል…§ MÄ…oë mkASXp †|oÃk£& …mkš M©öU †sï… ÏeU ‹X]r]

ÏÃêM cªM{q ‰ï‘An ‰MsDÈ §M]‹T; (1618-1620)

343 QX–q …ÊÄÃöL dF ‰ïª} ‰K§ †£?

MQ·ïS dF ‰ïª} {rM KX•êq (KÄM©öoñ) …mk I§‘q kòo

‹X]oñ¥} H© ÏDê¹ ›ኾነ –§{q I§‘q }ኪMQXቱ ]D ›I´ዞM:

…ÊÄÃöL„ê …mk e©öLð I›ቢ: LDq KE† I›k ‹X]oñ¥} }QX–o

…MF …mk ›o…‰kDê ‘éioñ: …mk e©öLð ŠB} ‘§ …mk e©öLð mkkòo

‹X]oñ¥} ›oKss mkcë— ‘‰ïF}/K]ŠU: …mk e©öLð ŠF‡q K[ኻኽX}

§ÏÃM;(1621-1624)

344 QMSq} ©öE§} MQ·ïS dF ‰ïª} (Matrimonial Consent)

†}p§ †£?

MQ·ïS dF ‰ïª}: KÄM©öoñ mksï²FÃöÈ dF ‘§ QMSq ‘§

©öE§ †£ sïch‘éM; ]Dsï QMSq dF ‰ïª} ‰ïkAF ‰D÷: †rM

KÄM©öoñ ›ኾነ [mk…§} [k§q}: mk†Ké}} ÏX¥M} ›ኾነ ÏiU

o…\[ïYM }‰ï{mkT: mksD–DL‘é{q }H©öI¬M ‰ï‘ÍÊ£: sï²FÃöÈ

dF ‘§ ©öE§ †£; c}©ö} …©öE§} o´lX MQ·ïS dF ‰ïª} †sï

‰ï´DÃö sDÈ QMSq ]D›ኾነ: QMSq †}os¢D÷ dF ‰ïª}

…§oÊÃM} LDq †£; ]Dsï MQ·ïS dF ‰ïª} mkcë— }‰ïኸው}

QMSq dF ‰ïª}: {oñ Hቀይና dF ‰ïª} ›–DK: mkMÏXVI}

²÷{Ãö} sï´kX s§ኮ{]: H© |Ä} mkÏE¹ sï´kX} [mk…gñ o´lX

‰ïኸው} …DÈ; (1625-1632: 1662-1663)

345 H© ŠmkrM KÄM©öoñ ŠrDïŠgñ †}os§ኾ{: mkኸK§ dF

‰ïª} ‰ïÏÃM §ኽ†F?

H© ŠrDé} H}oñ ›o·Kcq ‹X]oñ¥}} sï…]XÈ dF ‰ïª} mkcë—

}‰ïkAF: Ïdh©ö [k]F¸} kòo ‹X]oñ¥} ¢©öሊ; H© ŠrሊŠ‘é} H}ቲ

‹X]oñ¥} s§ኮ{q} (s§o·Kcq) sïÏÃM dF ‰ïª} mki–q }}ኪBFÈ

ÏDê§ mk¥{ó kòo ‹X]ቲ¥} ¢©öDï; …mk ‹Foñኡ –§{q dF ‰ïª} ´}

‹Foñ‡M KÄM©öቲ [mk…§} [k§q}: †oñ c}ªï —EL} lBX§}

ŠrDïŠgñ dF ‰ïª} ‰ïikDê …DÈM; ŠrDïŠgñ ›ኾነ [mk…§ ‘§ [k§oñ

A§L~ቱ ‰ï—emk: |§ ‘éDêዱ ŠrሊŠዊq ¹Mcq} qMBXq} ‰ï‘An

|§ ´©ö} ‰Mዚኾነ ‰òS³´Ãö …DÈ; †ቲ ‹X]ት¥} s§ኮ{ KÄM©ቲ

[mk…§ ‘§ [k§oñ ©öL {ዚ {²Vq …chªïKé ÊDï·ê ‰MዚikD÷

‰S³´Ãö …DÈ; (1633-1637)

346 ÏSpq MQ·ïS dF ‰ïª} …¢~q †¨M?

MQ·ïS dF ‰ïª} …mk K}²÷ ›oKX–’ [mk…§} [k§q} H© sD–

DLgñ ›ኾነ ÏDê§ H©ö{q §Ê¹X; …MEኽ l—Dê {oñ sïo²Fà dF

‰ïª~M ¢Ãö}˜; ]Dsï †oñ …mk K}²÷ ŠrDé¥} ›ኾነ [mk…§}

[k§q} ›o²FÃ} ›oÊÃK} dF ኪª} ÊጺKé ‰ïÏpI ኣይኽእልን;

MQ·ïS dF ‰ïª}: KX•êq …mk dF ‰ïª|gñ I§‘q Ã{ð˜M

mki©ö]| }ኺነkT ó §BnM;}›‘AnM ‘éDê©ö }‰ïikDê: mk‹X]q¥|ዊ

K—k¥ }ኸ—mk§ÈM ©öL §I´ዞM; (138-1642)

347 …}ÄX MQ·ïS dF ‰ïª} ›ኾ{ê x·ï…q …¢~q †¨M?

›Kéq: {oñ H©ö{q} ÏDê§{q} ÏeU dF ‰ïª} ]DsïÄSX x·ï…q

†£; …}]oñ Mmkšy: {oñ …mk K}²÷ [mk…§} [k§q} ‰ïBDê sï´k‡

L—X{q ]DsòÏX] x·ï…q †£; M}ÄF Ãö}[ï: }B¥mk ‘éDê©ö

]Dsï{Ãö´}& ‰M„ê‘é} ÏqI {oñ mklBX£ s§ÏpI dF ‰ïª}

]DsÏX]& }dF ‰ïª} sïÄST x·ï…q †¨M; (1645-1648)

348 [mk dF ‰ïª} K…] †¨M ‰ïÊED£ sF?

‰kï©ö a´X}: ‰ï]²X s§‰…F K•}cÏ} M]sïBDê: ‹Fo [mk dF

‰ïª} {}k§~M mk‰ï ኮ§~M: ‹\mk ›—Scë oÊEF¨M ‰ï{mkT: kòo

‹X]oñ¥} ‰oÏi©ö qኽእF; †}oኾነ †oñ cªL§ dF ‰ïª~M

Kኸላ†p ‰M›{kY}: ÏT] ‰M›ኾንን mk[k ]F¸} kòo ‹X]oñ¥}

†}os§oS³²ïÃê: Hªï‡M mkI§‘oë ‹\mk sD÷: †oñ H© KÄMዲ dF

‰ïª} ‰ï…]X …§ኽእF}; (1629-1649)

349 mkš—l †rM oÍoñJM M] ŠF† ›oKX–’ [lq kòo

‹X]oñ¥} †}p§ qmkF?

kòo ‹X]oñ¥} q†š› ²÷§p ‰ተኽብX †}ተኾነ: |§rM ›oÍqGê ´}

‰… mkሲቪላዊ …²lmk ŠF…§ dF ‰ïª} sï…]T [lq ‰M I³‘é¥} [mk

‰ïª} ‹qikD÷M …§ትኽእF}; mkš—lsï dF …Mላኽ }ÃêX †£: <†oñ

[k§oë ÊoñGê ŠF† ዜእቱ: …mk F—ሊ… §›Ké; †p [mk…¥ ÊoñH

ኻልእ †o†ቱ q›Ké> (LX.10,11-12); kòo ‹X]oñ¥} mkš—l †rM

oÍoñJM ›MX–’ [lq ¹}cëi o²ª]{q …Dg; mk†M{q ‰ï{mkT:

ÃD÷q ‰òs‘éqT: |§ XyVwó o´lVq †|ÊÃKé: ©fM mk‹]Xq¥|ዊ

Q{ QX–q ‰ïchÃö•ê qEkÈM; o´lVrM M] I²ï …MEክ ]DsïÄSX

´}: ‰è{prM ኬ¢K–VS£: ÏqHq ‰ï‘AnM …§ኽእF}& eªê] cÿXl}

‰ïikDê …§ኽእDê}& ²Dï„ê |§ kòo ‹X]oñ¥} HEÏ{q ©öL }ኸ§Dብሱ

‹F‰êEq †¨M; (1650-1651: 1665)

350 …mk dF ‰ïª~M Ã{ð˜M sï{mkT [lq: <]©öVkòpgñ kòo

‹X]oñ¥} ¢chëKé> sïkAF ]DM}p§ †£?

]©öVkòq |§ kòo ‹X]oñ¥} lBX§ ›ኾነ H©ö{q} ]©öVkòpgñ K}Ê]}

]DsDg: …mk †M{q ‹X]q| Ã{ð– q{mkX& <]©öVkòpgñ kòo ‹X]oñ¥}>

‰… qkAF; {Ï]‘‰Ï …lF ]©öVkòq: ‰‰M Ãg—p„ê:†oñ Šmk MQ·ïS

¹Mcq sïKÃö† ‹B{pዊ oF†ኾኡ ]D sïÏÃöM: ]©öV kòq |§ ó}

|§ ÃD÷q} LykX&|§ [mk…ዊñ: ‹X]q¥|‘é} K}Ê\gñ x§F} kòq

qMBXቲ †¥;|§ ‘éDê©ö cªL§ mkQVo †M{q ›†‘−E np †¥;

(1655-1658: 1666)

Vmk–§ M—VÏ

ŠF† Dï·êX²ï¥gñ QX–pq

H‘é[ï MQ·ïVq (SACRAMENTALS)

351 H‘é[ï MQ·ïX ›kAF †}p§ †£?

mkkòo ‹X]q¥} ›oOX•: }²Dï„ê ‰è{pq I§‘q ‘ªï[mk sïi©ö]:

K}Ê\‘é} cª]} MF‹q †£; H‘é[ï MQ·ïVq: q†MXo K]cF}

ŠF† MF‹pq} ÃD÷pq} ¢·dhFF; Šmkoñ mksêy H‘éሲ MQ·ïVq:

kéV‰òpq MAmk …mk I§‘q} o´lVq} kòo ‹X]oñ¥} –mk§ oV

…DÈ; }…MEኽ †{K]´{Dê: B¥lቱ }ኽንikF ©öL †}FM{ሉ ÃD÷q

©öL: kéV‰ò §kAF; [lq }…²F´D÷q …MEኽ፡ }gq ©öL }K\XGï

QX–o …MFኾ ‰{‘Ì ‰ሎ| |§ <‘Ê¥ ÃD÷q> {—X´: †sï ‘Ï‘é¥ዚ

†‘é} H© H‘é[ï MQ·ïX †£; (1667-1672: 1677-1678)

352 <M‘éĆ …³}}oñ> ‰K§ †£?

kòo ‹X]oñ¥} mk›ogBl ]F¸}}} mk]M ‹X]r]}: }H© [mk ‘§

}H© …iH Šmk ]F¸} [§¸} }‹qIFÈ: ‘§ Šmk lX{q [§¸}

|Ä }ኸተ‘éÃö‡ kïE }…MEኽ mkÃD÷q M] †qFM}: †sï o´lXዚ

<M‘éĆ …³}}oቲ> §kAF; †sï o´lXዚ ‘qT …mk QX–o ¹Mcq

mkoV ŠB} séoX †£; †oñ –mk§} mkc}ªê} <M‘éĆ …³}}oቲ>

´}: Šmk …ké} ]F¸} mk›ogBn ŠB} ¹V§ †£ séoX; (1673)

353 {sï mkkòo ‹X]oñ¥} ›oOX• H‘é[ï MQ·ïVq s[{ð: I›lgñ

]M–ðq sïÊ·Y ŠF† K}Ê\gñ o´lVq …D÷¬?

†‘ …D÷;|§ I›k ‹X]oñ¥} K}Ê\gñ ]M–ðq ›Ê·Y:{oñ MQ·ïVgñ

I§‘q kòo ‹X]oñ¥} s[{ð mksêy K}Ê\gñ o´lVq} K}Ê\gñ QX–

pq} …D÷; Šmksï…rM ›¹c[é: ምኽባር iX¥q eªê\}} ዝኽሮምን&

}´©q} •ê©q}& Ï~o K]cF}፡ ]´©q}& KcÿÃX¥}፡ ªgñq}&

ÅM}፡ MÃögq}፡ ‘so kòo ‹X]oñ¥} mkmkXA{ †M{p {oñ Hc• ዝኾነ

I›lዊ K}Ê\‘é{q omkXB} oolmk—}; (1674-1676: 1679)

QX–o ÏqHq sKép}

354 Nq ‹X]oñ¥}} MQ·ïVq} X‹mk …DȬ?

…mk ‹X]r] sïK‘éq ‹X]oñ¥} M©öVgñ I§‘oë §š›M; mkMQ·ïS

¹Mcq ›−KSq: mkMQ·ïS LôY} sïÃ}•q: |§oñ [L¥gñ K…ªï

e©öK M\Dí mk›ኾነ MQ·ïS eªê] cÿXl} ›oK²kq M©öVgñ

I§‘ቱ mkNq omki—; Nq ‹X]oñ¥}: mkmkXA} Nq} q}P„í}

‹X]r] ¹V§ †£ qX²éM (mkXA}) sïS‹mk; ‹X]r] ዝተንስኣላ o]Í|

]D›ኾ{: †oñ …mk ‹X]r] sïK‘éq ‹X]oñ¥}: <Šmksï [mk{qsï ´–ðsê:

M] ²÷§p §{mkX> (2fY. 5,8); (1680-1683)

355 …mk Q{ QX–q cmkU sïÏÃM ÏqHq †}p§ ¢KF‹q?

‰‰M ‰è{poë} lBDï A²X} ‰ïc¥¢X §ኽእF †£; Q{ QX–q cmkX}:

…mk Q{ QX–q cmkU sïÏÃM ÏqHq}: Nq Í[ïŠgñ qX²éM‘é}

‰MsDÈ ¢KF‹q; ÏqHq: ©öIU Nq o]Í q}P„í ‰MsD÷:

I¥g}} Kép}} H©ö{q ‰MsDÈM: M†}oñ ÏqHq (y©ö²q) x·ï…oë

mk†{—Xμ ÃD÷q M] Kgoñ [mk H©ö{q ‰MsD÷| ¢KF‹q; (1684-

1685)

356 |§ ÃD÷o ÏqHq sKép} c}ªï ‹ÏFpq …¢~q †¨M?

Kkšyoq„ê (M—Vlgñ) Q{ QX–q cmkU …Xl—o c}ªï o´lVq

¢·dhFF; 1-(…mk ²š sï´kX ÃD÷q) kòo[mk W\ ‰ïikDê ‰D’ ›}²X

|§ KÃö}|—} |§ o]Í} dEq& 2-(…mk kòo ‹X]oñ¥}) sï´kX QX–

o eª[ò}: 3-…‰÷oõo cÿXl}}& 4- {Ï[ï Kgoñ: |mkoñ M}¼ sD–

DLgñ I§‘q ›ኾነ …MEኽ †|…LIÃ}|: }‰ïq}Q† |mk †qÃök¢Dê

KdmkX ‹q‘éX©ö ‰E †}©´N |§ (´mk…o KWq) KÍ{gñ ÃD÷q

†£; (1686-1690).

Source of text: Compendium of the New Catholic Catechism, translated byAbba Amanuel Mesgun.