BIRDING IN PERU WITH MANU EXPEDITIONS

Birding@ManuExpeditions.com www.Birding-in-Peru.com

A TRIP REPORT FOR BIRDING EXPEDITION INCLUDING CUSCO AND THE MANU

BIOSPHERE RESERVE

JULY 15th to AUGUST 3rd, 2018

NOTE FROM SACC: “With passage of proposal 723, the linear sequence of orders in this classification now greatly differs from the traditional sequence with which most users are familiar, particularly the sequence between the traditional beginning (ratites) and the end (passerines). Multiple independent data sets indicate that the traditional division between waterbirds and landbirds has little phylogenetic basis, with some of the nonpasserine landbird orders more closely related to waterbird orders than to other landbird orders, and vice versa. To perpetuate the traditional sequence misleads ornithologists into thinking that waterbird’s, for example, form a monophyletic group. So, we might as well get used to it now!

Tour Leader: Richard Amable

The Manu Biosphere Reserve has the highest diversity of life on Earth and is one of the most important conservation units in the world. If you were to choose one of THE best birding trips in the world, this must surely be a candidate. The beauty of this trip is the variety of habitats visited ranging from orchid laden cloud forest where Spectacled Bears and Cock-of-the-Rocks still live unmolested, to untouched Amazon rainforest where 13 species of Monkey abound and Giant Otters still exist in the ox-bow lakes. A trip to Manu is a trip to one of the world's great wilderness areas where wildlife is still plentiful and over 1000 species of birds have been recorded. We regularly record 600 species on this tour and often see Jaguar. Imagine birding on forest trails with mixed species flocks that might contain over 50 species and bumping into a troop of Black Spider Monkeys around the corner, or quietly paddling on a catamaran on an Ox-bow Lake with Giant Otters and teeming lakeside birdlife! On this trip, we actually SAW 6 species of Tinamou, 10+ true Peruvian endemics and many more range restriced species, 44 species of Hummingbirds, and recorded 43 species of true Antbirds. On top of this we recored 10 primates, and watched an Ocelot catch a Macaw at the lick. A marvelous trip.

DAY BY DAY ACTIVITIES

July 15th. – Everyone arrives in Lima and Cusco

July 16th. – After meeting up at the airport we headed south-east of town with a picnic lunch to Huacarpay Lakes. The lake is surrounded by Inca, and pre-Inca ruins. Here we saw a variety of high Andean waterfowl including Puna, Yellow-billed and Cinnamon Teal, Yellow-billed Pintail, Andean Duck and other wetland associated birds. White-tufted Grebe and Andean Coot were here too. Targets we did see, specifically on the lookout for Wren-like Rushbird, Many-colored Rush-tyrant, Yellow-winged Blackbird,

Puna Ibis and Plumbeous Rail. Birds of Prey we did see include Cinereous Harrier and Variable Hawk. In the arid scrub around the lake we did have a good look at the endemic Rufous-fronted Canastero. Picnic lunch. We also saw Trainbearers. Peruvian, Ash-breasted and Mourning Sierra-Finches is here with Blue and Yellow Tanager. In the late afternoon we did drive back to Cusco for a night in the old Inca capital. Overnight in Cusco.

July 17th. – Early start in our expedition bus. We made a couple of selected stops in the inter-montane valleys specifically for two endemics. We took a box breakfast as the sun hits the slopes and colorful Quechua peasant farmers passed by with livestock creating a peaceful pastoral scene – our target here – the endemic Chestnut-breasted Mountain-Finch. We saw Andean Hillstar, Andean Flicker, Black-throated Flowerpiercer and Chuiguanco Thrush. Our next stop was for the endemic Creamy-crested Spinetail, before arriving at the last Andean pass – Ajcanacu and to look out from the last range of the Andes over the Amazon basin stretching into the distance, as the Incas did in ancient times, worshipping the sun rising over the endless rainforest. A side stop along the Tres Cruces road to find the newly described Puna Wren. Working our way down the eastern slope of the Andes, the forest becomes more continuous and we spent the afternoon birding to our accommodations at 2800 meters near Pillahuata encountering mixed species flocks of Tanagers, Flycatchers. In the evening we went to a favorite spot where we had luck seeing Swallow-tailed and Band-tailed Nightjar. Night at the Wayquecha Biological Station.

July 18th. We started early near our Lodge. Our target birds after a hot breakfast and hot tea and coffee included – Moustached Flowerpiercer, Golden-collared Tanager and the Puna Thistletail. The rest of the day birding downhill through the forest looking for mixed feeding flocks that contained Grass-green Tanager, Hooded Mountain-Tanager, White-banded and White-throated Tyrannulets and much more. We stayed again at the Wayquecha Biological Station for this night.

July 19th. – At breakfast we were greeted with a varied dawn calls and songs. We spent all day birding from the biological station at 2800 meters to our next stop at 1300 meters. This is pristine forest on a little traveled road. Some of the special birds on this stretch which we looked for included: White-rumped Hawk, Trilling Tapaculo, Black and Chestnut Eagle, Andean Guan, Scaly-naped Parrot, a wide variety of Hummingbirds including Collared Inca, Chestnut-breasted Coronet, Violet-throated Startfrontlet and Amethyst-throated Sunangel, White-bellied Woodstar. Box Lunch. Band-tailed Fruiteaters, White-throated Tyrannulet, Ochraceous-breasted Flycatcher, Barred Becard, Pale-footed Swallow, Masked Trogon, Mountain Wren and many Tanagers. Night at the comfortable Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge near Union at 1300 meters.

July 20, 21 and 22th. – Cock of the Rock Lodge is situated in the pristine Cloud Forest of the Mountains of Manu just a few minutes' drive from a spectacular Cock of the Rock lek furnished with a blind (hide) which enable us to observe these colorful birds during their dawn mating rituals. There is a large dining area and lounge overlooking a feeding station for Tayra and others (a large mustelid related to the Martens). Hummingbird feeders attract several species right in the dining room sometimes including Rufous-webbed Brilliant and Peruvian Piedtail. We use the trail system

behind the lodge that enables you to see the under-story of the Cloud Forest first hand and facilitates seeing some species such as Slaty Gnateater. Many spectacular waterfalls in the area are far enough away so as to enable hearing birdsong. Orchids abound with c. 80 species recorded around the lodge. One rainy day produced several species of hummingbird right at windows. Also, we did devote to the 2500-meter altitude zone, and one day to the 1500-meter zone. Include White-rumped Hawk, Solitary Eagle, Golden-headed Quetzal, Andean Motmot, Black-streaked Puffbird, Blue-banded Toucanet, Montane Woodcreeper, Spotted Barbtail, Montane Foliage-gleaner, Uniform Antshrike, Slaty Gnateater, Bolivian Tyrannulet, Inca Flycatcher (endemic), Yungas Mankin, Fulvous-breasted Flatbill, Saffron-crowned Tanager, Deep-blue Flowerpiercer, Peruvian Piedtail (endemic) and lots more. We did also a night birding here and Rufescent Screech Owl only heard. Nights at Cock-of-the-Rock Lodge

July 23th. – After a dawn breakfast accompanied by the singing of Andean Solitaires and Paradise Tanagers from the breakfast table, we left San Pedro at 1300 meters and spent the day birding slowly down to the comfortable Villa Carmen at 500 meters. We did pay attention to the stretch between 1500 meters and 800 meters. This upper tropical zone forest has disappeared on much of the Andean slopes in South America because of its suitability for cash crops such as tea, coffee and coca, but in this part of Peru the forest remains untouched. Birds we did seen on this stretch of road included: Chestnut-collared Swift, Peruvian Piedtail, Versicolored Barbet, Marble-faced Bristle-tyrant, Golden-crowned Flycatcher, Dusky-green Oropendola, Yellow-throated (Chlorospingus) Bush-Tanager, Black-backed Tody-Flycatcher and much more. We did plan to arrive at the comfortable Villa Carmen Lodge in time for some birding. Night at Villa Carmen Lodge.

July 24th. – The tripartite international boundary of Peru, Brazil and Bolivia is close, and this area is characterized by large stands of Chusquea bamboo and here at Villa Carmen we did look for some specialties of this micro habitat including Flammulated Tody-Tyrant, Dusky-cheeked Foliage-gleaner, Manu Antbird, Goeldi’s Antbird, Red-billed Scythebill, White-lined Antbird and Dot-winged Antwren. Wide variety of foothill species. After a leisurely lunch we worked the road to Atalaya where from lookout we saw Blue-headed Macaw and Great Potoo. Night Amazonia Lodge.

July 25 and 26th Two full days at the comfortable Amazonia Lodge. The Lodge has a bird list of around 650 species and others are continually being added to the list. The lodge is situated in the transitional zone at 500 meters, where the last low foothills of the Andes begin to flatten out into the lowland Amazon Basin proper. There are Butterfly bushes that attract various Hummingbird species including the pretty Rufous-crested Coquette, Golden-tailed Sapphire, Blue-tailed Emerald and others. A canopy tower on the hill enables us to watch the canopy foothill. We did bird a variety of habitats over the next three days including floodplain and hill forest. The possibilities around Amazonia Lodge include species such the strange Hoatzin, Military Macaw, Koepcke's Hermit, Bluish fronted Jacamar, Bamboo Antshrike, Amazonian and Thrush-like Antpitta's, Rusty-belted Tapaculo, Yellow-browed Tody-flycatcher, Band-tailed, Black-faced Dacnis - the list goes on....! We had the possibility of night birding here and seeing Black-banded Owl, hearing Tawny-bellied Screech-owl, Great, Long-tailed

and Common Potoo. We were reluctant to leave this very birdy place, but more always await in the Amazon lowlands. All nights at Amazonia Lodge.

July 27th Early morning short birding near Amazonia Lodge in search of species we have missed. As the day began to warm, we headed down the Alto Madre de Dios river in our motorized canoes to its confluence with the Manu River (about 4 hours), and then on for another two hours to the very comfortable Manu Wildlife Center, jointly owned by Manu Expeditions and the Peru Verde conservation group. Accommodations are first class in bungalows. On the river journey, we had the opportunity to see some of the typical riverside species such as Pied Lapwing, Collared Plover, Fasciated Tiger-heron, Orinoco Goose, Large-billed and Yellow-billed Tern. Flyovers included many species of Macaws and Parrots, with our opportunities for some Bird of Prey observations. The river trip is a pleasure as we leftthe last foothills and enter the Amazon proper. Our boats were roofed with comfortable padded bucket seats. We arrived at the Manu Wildlife Center in the late afternoon. Night Manu Wildlife Center.

July 28 th and through August 1th Five full days based at the Manu Wildlife Center. Situated just upriver from the Blanquillo Macaw Lick with 9 species of primate. The opportunity on one morning to visit the Macaw lick and observe the spectacle of hundreds of Parrots and Macaws at close quarters from our blinds. Here we saw the hundreds of Blue-headed Parrots as well as Mealy and Yellow-crowned Parrots. Smaller visitors include Cobalt-winged Parakeet The rest of the time we spent birding the extensive trail systems which have been designed to visit different forest types. The area around this lodge has the most forest types of anywhere in the Manu area, and thus the highest bio-diversity - which means the most species of birds. A coupled with the extensive Varzea, Terra Firma and Mature Transitional Floodplain Forest, this means a mind-boggling variety of bird-life. 600+. We spent time at a canopy observation tower accessed by a spiral metal stairway watching canopy birds. Target birds included Sclater's Antwren, Chestnut-winged Foliage-gleaner and a multitude of Tanagers, Dacnis’ and Honeycreepers. Some of the scarcer forest species we were on the lookout for include: Bartlett's Tinamou, Razor-billed Curassow, Pale-winged Trumpeter, Sunbittern, Pavonine Quetzal, Purus Jacamar, Cream-colored Woodpecker, Ocellated Woodcreeper, Banded Antbird, Black-spotted Bare-eye, White-bellied Tody-tyrant and Pale-eyed Blackbird. We did visit Blanco and Camungo Ox-bow lakes in the area where we did see lakeside birds including Hoatzin, Sungrebe, Band-tailed Antbird, Amazonian Streaked Antwren, Rufous-sided Crake, Gray-breasted Crake and we had luck seeing one Giant Otter family that live in the area. All nights at the Manu Wildlife Centre. August 2nd: Early start on our comfortable boats and our last look at early morning Parrot flocks. Our journey down the Madre de Dios River toke us by past pristine forest until the town of Boca Colorado. with great chances to see riverside birds and raptors. Leaving our boat, we did one-hour ride in local transport to the Inambari River where our bus was waiting on the other bank to take us, birding along the way, into the bustling frontier town of Puerto Maldonado where westayed at our comfortable Cabana Quinta hotel.

August 03rd After breakfast with birding to key spots to pick up new species in these few hours including White-throated Jacamar, Black-banded Crake, Point–tailed Palmcreeper. We did make a special effort for the range restricted White-throated

Jacamar. Morning Lan Peru flight to Lima for international connection and others to Cusco for tour extensions.

BIRDING AND LOCALITIES OF INTEREST

1.- Hotel Casa Andina - Cusco (GPS Reference 13° 31'02.4" S 71° 58'43.7"W) 3400mts 2.- Huacarpay Highland Lake (13° 31'05.6" S 71° 58'45.5"W) 3100 mts 3.- Acjanaco Pass / Manu entrance (13° 11'53.8" S 71° 37'07.1"W) 3360mts 4.- Wayquecha Biological Station (13° 10'29.9" S 71° 35'13.8"W) 2910mts 5.- Pillahuata Waterfall Spot – Cusco (13° 09'21.1" S 71° 35'46.5"W) 2600mts 6.- Rocotal Spot (13° 06'24.1" S 71° 34'14.9"W) 2010 mts 7.- Cock of the Rock Lodge (13° 03'20.3" S 71° 32'46.3"W) 1300mts 8.- Chontachaca Village (13° 00'24.8" S 71° 26'00.1"W) 900m 9.- Pilcopata Town (12° 54'35.3" S 71° 24'14.9"W) 600m 10.- Villa Carmen Biological Station (12° 53'42.9" S 71° 24'26.9"W) 525 m 11.- Amazonia Lodge (12° 52'13.7" S 71° 22'35.0"W) 500 mts 12.- Manu Wildlife Cente / MWC (12° 21'11.2" S 70° 42'13.2"W) 350 mts 13.- Camungo Oxbow Lake and Canopy (12° 26'07.4" S 70° 41'08.4"W) 350 mts 14.- Blanquillo Macaw Lick (12° 26'47.4" S 70° 42'21.8"W) 350 mts 15.- Blanco Oxbow Lake (12° 24'15.6" S 70° 42'55.2"W) 350 m 16.- Boca Colorado Village (12° 36'57.5" S 70° 23'14.6"W) 300 mts 17.- Puerto Maldonado City (12° 35'36.2" S 69° 10'48.3"W) 220 mts 8.- Loboyoc Creek and Mauritia Palms (12° 27'05.8" S 69° 07'41.7"W) 220 mts 19.- Pastora Road and Canoe-port (12°35'08.4" S 69° 13'12.6"W) 200 mts

THE ROUTE'0

ALL PHOTOS BY JON IRVINE UNLESS STATED

OTHERWISE

TINAMOUS (Tinamidae) Great Tinamou – Tinamus major Heard only at Amazonia Lodge and MWC. The word "tinamou" comes from the Galibi  term for these birds,  tinamu. Tinamous have traditionally been regarded as the  sister group of the flightless  ratites, but recent work places them well within the ratite radiation, implying basal ratites could fly. Tinamous first appear in the fossil record in the  Miocene  epoch. They are generally sedentary, ground-dwelling and, though not flightless, when possible avoid flight in favour of hiding or running away from danger. They are found in a variety of  habitats, ranging from  semi-arid alpine grasslands  to  tropical rainforests. The two subfamilies are broadly divided by habitat, with the Nothurinae  referred to as steppe or open country tinamous, and the Tinaminae known as forest tinamous. With occasional exceptions, a male tinamou maintains a territory and a nesting site during the breeding season which a succession of females will visit, laying their eggs in the same nest. Females will wander through several territories mating with, and laying eggs in the nests of, the resident males. Nests are always on the ground, concealed in vegetation or among rocks. Eggs are relatively large and glossy, often brightly colored when laid, and are incubated by the males for a period of 2–3 weeks. The chicks can run soon after hatching and are largely self-sufficient at three weeks old.

Cinereous Tinamou – Crypturellus cinereus Two seen at Villa Carmen Biological Station and one more at MWC

Little Tinamou – Crypturellus soui One seen at MWC

Brown Tinamou – Crypturellus obsoletus Seen one at Cock of the Rock Lodge, out in the garden and more at Manu Wildlife Center

Undulated Tinamou – Crypturellus undulates Several heard and one seen at Villa Carmen. Common by sound

Black-capped Tinamou – Crypturellus atrocapillus Heard and seen at Villa Carmen Biological Station

Bartlet’s Tinamou – Crypturellus bartletti One great view at Manu Wildlife Center

Small-billed Tinamou – Crypturellus parvirostris Heard only near Puerto Maldonado

RR Taczanowski's Tinamou - Nothoprocta taczanowskii Flushing away one seen at Acjanaco Pass at treeline VULNERABLE

Andean Tinamou – Nothoprocta pentlandii One great view on our way to Paucartambo

Brown Tinamou

Black-capped Tinamou

SCREAMERS (Anhimidae) Horned Screamer – Anhina cornuta About seven seen during the boat ride from Amazonia Lodge to Manu Wildlife Center, and several more at Camungo and Blanco Oxbow lake. Common.

DUCKS AND GEESE (Anatidae) Orinoco Goose - Oressochen jubatus Five seen during the boat ride from Amazonia Lodge to Manu Wildlife Center and couple more in the area near of Blanquillo Macaw Lick.

Muscovy Duck – Cairina moschata Only one seen along boat ride to Colorado Village.

Yellow-billed Teal - Anas flavirostris About ten at Huacarpay lake, south of Cusco. The SACC says “Hellmayr & Conover (1948a) and many earlier classifications treated andium (Andean Teal) as a separate species from A. flavirostris. Many authors, from Meyer de Schauensee (1970) to Dickinson (2003), have treated andium as a subspecies of A. flavirostris. Anas andium was considered a separate species from Anas flavirostris by Ridgely et al. (2001), and this was followed by Hilty (2003). SACC proposal passed to recognize andium as separate species. Jaramillo (2003) further suggested that the subspecies oxyptera may also deserve recognition as a separate species from A. flavirostris.

Yellow-billed Pintail - Anas georgica Six seen at Huacarpay Lake and one more on the way to Paucartambo Puna Teal - Spatula puna Twenty-five seen at Huacarpay lake

Cinnamon Teal - Spatula cyanoptera Twelve seen at Huacarpay lake

Andean Duck - Oxyura ferruginea Only two seen at Huacarpay. lakes. Oxyura ferruginea is split from O. jamaicensis (Ridgely & Greenfield 2001; Jaramillo 2003, Dickinson 2003); SACC

CHACHALACAS, GUANS & CURASSOWS (Cracidae) Andean Guan - Penelope montagnii About four seen near Wayquecha Biological Station. Penelope  was the wife of the hero Odysseus in Greek mythology. She was the daughter of Icarius and Periboea.  Penelope had managed to keep all of her suitors at bay. She had told them she would choose a suitor once she finished weaving a burial shroud for her father-in-law, Laertes; however, every night, she would undo part of the shroud. Her plan was revealed by one of her servants, Melantho. Penelope eventually appeared in front of the suitors and said that she would marry the suitor that would be able to string Odysseus' bow and shoot an arrow through twelve axe heads. She already knew that this was a task that only her husband would have been able to achieve. None of the suitors was able to complete the task, and a disguised Odysseus asked to try; after being successful, he revealed himself and killed the suitors with the help of his son, the goddess Athena, and two of his herdsmen. Penelope, still not believing that this was her husband, told him to command the servant to move their bed. Odysseus protested saying that it was

impossible as one of the legs of the bed was part of a living olive tree. Penelope finally accepted that this man was who he claimed to be, and the couple were reunited.

Spix's Guan - Penelope jacquacu One seen at Villa Carmen and six more at Manu Wildlife Center

Spix's Guan

Blue-throated Piping-Guan - Pipile cumanensis Two seen at Villa Carmen Biological Station, few more at Amazonia Lodge and couple more at Manu Wildlife Center

Speckled Chachalaca – Ortalis guttata Common from Cock of the Rock Lodge and at lowland región

Razor-billed Curassow - Mitu tuberosum Group of three seen at river side on our way to Colorado Village

Blue-throated Piping-Guan

NEW WORLD QUAIL (Odontophoridae) Rufous-breasted Wood-Quail - Odontophorus speciosus loricatus Cock of the Rock Lodge

Rufous-breasted Wood-Quail male

Starred Wood-Quail - Odontophorus stellatus Heard only during the night at Manu Wildlife Center

GREBES (Podicipedidae) White-tufted Grebe - Rollandia Rolland Two seen at Huacarpay Lake in Cusco Rollandia: Specificname Podiceps rolland. rolland= In honor of Thomas Pierre Rolland, Master Gunner (1776-1847) French Navy, of the corvette L’Uranie which circled the globe 1817-1848.

PIGEONS AND DOVES (Columbidae) Ruddy Ground-Dove - Columbina talpacoti Two seen on the way to Villa Carmen Biological Station, one near Atalaya port and one more at Blanquillo Macaw Lick

Bare-faced Ground-Dove - Metriopelia ceciliae Twenty-five seen at Huacarpay Lake. Named for Cecile Gautrau daughter of French naturalist Rene Lesson.

Rock Dove - Columba livia Common

Spot-winged Pigeon - Patagioenas maculosa Four at Huacarpay and two more on the way to Acjanaco Pass. The albipennis subspecies found at high elevation is very different by plumage from the nominate subspecies found in the lowlands of S Bolivia, Paraguay, SE Brazil and Uruguay S to SC Argentina. It would not be surprising that these subspecies will be split in the future.

Band-tailed Pigeon - Patagioenas fasciata About ten seen near Wayquecha Biological Station

Pale-vented Pigeon - Patagioenas cayennensis Common in the Oxbow lakes near Manu Widlife Center

Plumbeous Pigeon - Patagioenas plumbea Eight counted near Cock of the Rock Lodge, few more at Villa Carmen Biological Station and six more at Manu Wildlife Center

Eared Dove - Zenaida auriculata Hundreds at Huacarpay lake and more on the way to Paucartambo town

White-tipped Dove - Leptotila verreauxi Two seen at trails in Amazonia Lodge. Named for the impressive sounding John Baptiste Edouard Verreaux (1810-1868) French Natural History dealer and collector.

Gray-fronted Dove - Leptotila rufaxilla Heard and seen few at Villa Carmen, Amazonia Lodge and Manu Wildlife Center. This and the previous species have complicated distribution with places where they occur side by side and other where only one occurs or is more common. In this part of Peru, the two species appear to segregate one another by elevation. White-tipped is found in the foothills and Grayfronted in the lowlands. At least one is far more common than the other at different elevations.

White-throated Quail-Dove - Geotrygon frenata One seen briefly on the way to Cock of the Rock Lodge

Ruddy Quail-Dove - Geotrygon montana One seen at Villa Carmen Biological Station and only hear at Manu Wildlife Center

Picui Ground-Dove - Columbina picui Two seen on the way to Puerto Maldonado City

Plumbeous Pigeon

Gray-fronted Dove

Ruddy Quail-Dove

CUCKOOS AND ANIS (Cuculidae) Rufous-vented Ground-Cuckoo - Neomorphus geoffroyi One seen briefly moving across road on the way to Atalaya port, near Pilcopata town VULNERABLE

Little Cuckoo - Coccycua minuta Two seen at Camungo Oxbow lake

Squirrel Cuckoo - Piaya cayana One seen at Villa Carmen Biological Station, heard and seen at Amazonia lodge and few more at Manu Wildlife Center

Smooth-billed Ani - Crotophaga ani Common in most deforested areas near cattle ranches in lowland region

POTOOS (Nyctibidae) The potoos are a highly conservative family in appearance, with all the species closely resembling one another; species accounts in ornithological literature remark on their unusual appearance. Potoos range from 21–58  cm in length. They resemble upright sitting  nightjars, a closely related family (Caprimulgidae). They also resemble the frogmouths of Australasia, that are stockier and have much heavier bills. They have proportionally large heads for their body size and long wings and tails. The large head is dominated by a massive broad bill and enormous eyes. In the treatment of the family in the Handbook of the Birds of the World, Cohn-Haft describes the potoos as "little more than a flying mouth and eyes". The bill, while large and broad, is also short,

barely projecting past the face. It is delicate, but has a unique "tooth" on the cutting edge of the upper mandible that may assist in foraging. Unlike the closely related nightjars, the potoos lack rictal bristles around the mouth. The legs and feet are weak and used only for perching. The eyes are large, even larger than those of nightjars. As in many species of nocturnal birds, they reflect the light of flashlights. Their eyes, which could be conspicuous to potential predators during the day, have unusual slits in the  lids,  which allow potoos to sense movement even when their eyes are closed. Their plumage  is cryptic, helping them blend into the branches on which they spend their days.

Great Potoo – Nyctibius grandis One seen on the way to Atalaya port, near Pilcopata town, hear at Amazonia lodge and at Manu Wildlife Center

Great Potoo

Long-tailed Potoo – Nyctibius aethereus * At Amazonia Lodge

Common Potoo – Nyctibius griseus * At Villa Carmen, Amazonia Lodge and Manu Wildlife Center

NIGHTKAWKS AND NIGHTJARS (Caprimulgidae) Sand-colored Nighthawk - Chordeiles rupestris Over hundred counted along the Madre de Dios river, near Boca Manu and Manu Wildlife Center

Band-winged Nightjar - Systellura longirostris Two seen near Wayquecha Biological Station

Band-winged Nightjar

Common Pauraque - Nyctidromus albicollis Heard in most sites such Villa Carmen, one seen at Amazonia Lodge and more heards at Manu Widlife Center

Ladder-tailed Nightjar - Hydropsalis climacocerca One seen at Madre de Dios River and one more seen at Blanco oxbow lake

Ocellated Poorwill - Nyctiphrynus ocellatus Two seen briefly at Grid trail near Manu Wildlife Center

SWIFTS Except when nesting, swifts spend their lives in the air, living on the insects caught in flight; they drink, feed, and often mate and sleep on the wing. Some individuals go 10 months without landing. No other bird spends as much of its life in flight. Their maximum horizontal flying speed is 111.6 km/h.

Chestnut-collared Swift - Streptoprocne rutila Over two hundred seen near Cock of the Rock Lodge

White-collared Swift - Streptoprocne zonaris Common in most sites

Gray-rumped Swift - Chaetura cinereiventris One seen and detected at Amazonia lodge and one more at Manu Wildlife Center

Pale-rumped Swift - Chaetura egregia Seven seen near Cock of the Rock Lodge at lower road dawn and more on the way to Manu Wildlife Center

Short-tailed Swift - Chaetura brachyura About teen seen at Amazonia Lodge, more at the Madre de Dios rive on the way to Manu Wildlife Center

White-tipped Swift - Aeronautes montivagus Six seen at Amazonia Lodge

Fork-tailed Palm-Swift - Tachornis squamata About twenty seen on the way to Villa Carmen, more near Manu Wildlife Center. Common

HUMMINGBIRDS (Trochilidae) With some 330 currently recognized species, these amazing birds form one of the largest avian families in the New World, surpassed only by the Tyrant-flycatchers (Tyrannidae), the latter comprising over 370 species. Amazing little creatures, hummingbirds have a resting heart rate of 1000 beats per minute (compare this to the average human rate of around 60-80 beats per minute!). This carries tremendous amounts of oxygen and energy to the relatively massive breast muscles. In addition, birds have to have a huge lung capacity in order to keep up with the large amounts of oxygen needed. Their respiratory system is so highly developed that they can actually breathe in and out at the same time.

White-necked Jacobin - Florisuga mellivora Common in Amazonia Lodge and couple more at Manu Wildlife Center

Rufous-breasted Hermit - Glaucis hirsutus One seen at Manu Wildlife Center

White-bearded Hermit - Phaethornis hispidus One seen at Villa Carmen Biological Station, one more at Amazonia Lodge and few more at Manu Wildlife Center

Green Hermit - Phaethornis guy Couple seen at Cock of the Rock lodge

E Koepcke's Hermit - Phaethornis koepckeae One seen at Amazonia Lodge. . koepckeae: In honor of Maria Emilia Koepcke née von Mikulicz-Radecki (1924-1971) German ornithologist in Peru 1949-1971, explorer, and collector. Named for Maria Koepcke, originally Maria Emilie Anna von Mikulicz-Radecki, was born and educated in Germany, earning a PhD in Zoology from Kiel University in 1949. She then moved to Peru, where she married zoologist Hans-Wilhelm Koepcke in 1950. Together they collaborated on much of their scientific work and publications, and had a daughter named Juliane. She was a successful Neotropical ornithologist at a time when South American ornithology was male-dominated. On Christmas Eve 1971, Koepcke traveled with her 17-year-old daughter on LANSA Flight 508 from Lima to Pucallpa to join her husband for a holiday. The plane encountered a severe thunderstorm, was hit by lightning, and disintegrated above the Amazon

Rainforest. Seated next to each other, the Koepkes were separated in mid-air (with Juliane remaining belted to their row of three seats), and both survived the fall. Coming to rest in different areas of the jungle floor, Maria was badly injured and died several days later. Juliane, despite sustaining a broken collar bone and an eye injury, was able enough to travel through the dense jungle for eleven days, before reaching a makeshift logging camp and being subsequently rescued on 3 January 1972.

Needle-billed Hermit - Phaethornis philippii Two seen on the way to Camungo oxbow lake

Reddish Hermit - Phaethornis ruber Couple seen at Manu Wildlife Center

RR White-browed Hermit - Phaethornis stuarti Two seen at Cock of the Rock lodge

Geoffroy's Wedgebill - Schistes geoffroyi One seen at Cock of the Rock Lodge. The two species of wedgebill - Geoffroy's Wedgebill and White-throated Wedgebill (Schistes albogularis) - formerly were classified as a single species, Wedge-billed Hummingbird (Schistes geoffroyi). The recurring mention of "wedge" in the English names for these hummingbirds refers to the tip of the bill, which is very narrow and sharply pointed; this unusual bill shape is quite distinctive, but is not readily seen in the field. Named for Etienne Geoffroy Saint-Hillaire (1772-1884) French zoologist.

Geoffroy's Wedgebill

Lesser Violetear - Colibri cyanotus One seen at Cock of the Rock Lodge The Central and Middle American form of Green Violetear have been split into Mexican Violetear by the AOU sour form which occurs from Costa Rica to Bolivia is now this species

Sparkling Violetear - Colibri coruscans Common in highland region

Black-eared Fairy - Heliothryx auratus One seen near Chontachaca village

Black-throated Mango - Anthracothorax nigricollis One seen at Manu Wildlife Center

Amethyst-throated Sunangel - Heliangelus amethysticollis Five seen near Wayquecha Biological Station. Heliangelus: Gr. Hēlios= sun, angelos= angel. amethysticollis: L. amethystus= amethyst and collis= -necked, throated.

Amethyst-throated Sunangel

Rufous-crested Coquette female

Wire-crested Thorntail - Discosura popelairii One seen at Cock of the Rock. Named for Jean BaptisteBaron Popelairede Terloo Belgian naturalist and collector in Peru in the first half of the 19th century.

Rufous-crested Coquette - Lophornis delattrei One seen at Villa Carmen and one more at Amazonia Lodge. Named after French naturalist/collector Henri de Lattre (1838)

E Peruvian Piedtail - Phlogophilus harterti Three seen at Cock of the Rock lodge

Speckled Hummingbird - Adelomyia melanogenys One seen near Rocotal spot and one more at Cock of the Rock lodge

Long-tailed Sylph - Aglaiocercus kingi Two seen near Wayquecha Biological Station and one more on the way to Cock of the Rock lodge, This long-tailed hummingbird was named for Admiral Philip Parker King, British marine surveyor, naturalist and traveler in tropical America 1825-1830.

Andean Hillstar - Oreotrochilus estella One seen on the way to Paucartambo Town

Green-tailed Trainbearer - Lesbia nuna Three seen at Huacarpay lake Lesbia is Greek – a woman of Lesbos. Nuna – named for fictitious Indian virgin Nouna-Koali in Jean F. Denis’s novel.

Long-tailed Sylph

Rufous-capped Thornbill - Chalcostigma ruficeps One seen at Wayquecha Biological Station

RR Scaled Metaltail - Metallura aeneocauda One seen near Wayquecha Biological Station

Tyrian Metaltail - Metallura tyrianthina About six seen near Wayquecha Biological Station. Variously known as Royal purple, Tyrian purple, purple of the ancients, this ancient dyestuff, mentioned in texts dating about 1600 BC, was produced from the mucus of the hypobranchial gland of various species of marine molluscs, notably Murex. Although originating in old port of Tyre in modern day Syria (hence the name), man's first large scale chemical industry spread throughout the world. With the decline of the Roman Empire, the use of the dye also declined and large-scale production ceased with the fall of Constantinople in 1453. It was replaced by other cheaper dyes like lichen purple and madder.

Shining Sunbeam - Aglaeactis cupripennis Six seen near Wayquecha Biological Station

Bronzy Inca - Coeligena coeligena One near Wayquecha Biological Station and two more near Cock of the Rock Lodge

Collared (Gould’s) Inca - Coeligena torquata Four seen at Wayquecha Biological Station.

Collared (Gould’s) Inca

Violet-throated Starfrontlet - Coeligena violifer Four seen at Wayquecha Biological Station

Chestnut-breasted Coronet - Boissonneaua matthewsii About six seen Wayquecha Biological Station

E Anna’s Racket-tail - Ocreatus annae Several seen at Cock of the Rock lodge. Common in the garden. The Racket tailed Puffleg was unknown in life but specimens existed in various London cabinets, whence a drawing was sent in 1832 by Mr. Underwood on behalf of Charles Stokes, a London stockbroker and collector. An article in Zootaxa 4200 (1): 083–108 2016 Biogeography and taxonomy of racket-tail hummingbirds (Aves: Trochilidae: Ocreatus): evidence for species delimitation from

morphology and display behavior by KARL-L. SCHUCHMANN, ANDRÉ-A. WELLER

& DIETMAR JÜRGENS provided evidence from plumage and behavior that  Ocreatus underwoodii  should be treated as four species, with the subspecies  addae,  annae, and peruana elevated to species rank. If this is so the species would be thus:

White-boooted Raquetail O underwood Venezuela to W. Ecuador Peruvian Racket-tail O. peruvianus E Ecuador to NE Peru Anna’s Racket-tail O. annae Pasco to Cuzco (endemic) Rufous-booted Racket-tail O. addae Bolivia (endemic)

Anna’s Racket-tail

Gould's Jewelfront - Heliodoxa aurescens Five seen at Amazonia Lodge

Violet-fronted Brilliant - Heliodoxa leadbeateri Common at Cock of the Rock Lodge

Violet-fronted Brilliant

Long-billed Starthroat - Heliomaster longirostris One seen on the way to Puerto Maldonado

White-bellied Woodstar - Chaetocercus mulsant Three seen at the garden of Cock of the Rock lodge. Named for Martial Etienne Mulsant French zoologist and explorer.

Amethyst Woodstar - Calliphlox amethystine One seen at Villa Carmen Biological Station and one more at Amazonia Lodge

Blue-tailed Emerald - Chlorostilbon mellisugus Two seen at Villa Carmen and common at Amazonia Lodge

Violet-headed Hummingbird - Klais guimeti One seen at Amazonia Lodge

Gray-breasted Sabrewing - Campylopterus largipennis Seven seen at Villa Carmen and several at Amazonia Lodge

Fork-tailed Woodnymph - Thalurania furcata Two seen at Cock of the Rock, three at Amazonia Lodge and two more at Manu Wildlife Center

Many-spotted Hummingbird - Taphrospilus hypostictus Six seen at Cock of the Rock lodge

Sapphire-spangled Emerald - Amazilia lactea Common at Villa Carmen and at Amazonia Lodge. One seen at Manu Widlife Center

Golden-tailed Sapphire - Chrysuronia oenone Common at Villa Carmen and at Amazonia Lodge

Golden-tailed Sapphire

HOATZIN Hoatzin (Opisthocomus hoazin) Common in the Amazon. Seen mainly at the oxbow lakes.

LIMPKIN (Aramidae) Limpkin – Aramus guarauna One seen at Villa Carmen Biological Station and one more at Manu Wildlife Center

Hoatzin

RAILS (Rallidae) Rufous-sided Crake - Laterallus melanophaius * At Camungo Oxbow Lake

Gray-breasted Crake - Laterallus exilis Several heard and one seen well at Blanco Oxbow Lake

Gray-cowled Wood-Rail - Aramides cajaneus About four seen at Villa Carmen Biological Station and two more at Amazonia Lodge The old Gray-necked Wood-Rail has been split two ways – Russet-naped Wood-Rail Aramides albiventris of Mexico and the Caribbean slope of Costa Rica and the one we saw of the Pacific slope of Cosat Riva to Argentina.

Plumbeous Rail - Pardirallus sanguinolentus Twelve seen at Huacarpay lake

Purple Gallinule - Porphyrio martinica Two seen at Villa Carmen Biological Station

Common Gallinule - Gallinula galeata Dozen seen at Huacarpay lake. Note that the New World form has been split from the Common Moorhen of Eurasia. Common Gallinule of Western Hemisphere is split from Common Moorhen on the basis of morphological, genetic, and vocal differences (Groenenberg et al 2008).

Slate-colored Coot - Fulica ardesiaca About thirty seen at Huacarpay lake. Called "Andean Coot" in Fjeldså & Krabbe (1990), Taylor (1996), and Ridgely et al. (2001) but other authors use Slate-colored

Gray-cowledWood-Rail

Plumbeous Rail

PLOVERS (Charadriidae) Pied Lapwing (Plover) - Vanellus (Haploxypterus) cayanus About fourteen counted during boat rides along the Madre de Dios river, near Manu Wildlife Center Collared Plover - Charadrius collaris About nine counted during boat rides along the Madre de Dios river, near Manu Wildlife Center

Southern Lapwing - Vanellus chilensis Two seen along the Madre de Dios river, on the way to Manu Wildlife Center and six more on the way to Boca Colorado

Andean Lapwing - Vanellus resplendens Eight seen at Huacarpay and twelve more near Acjanaco pass

SANDPIPERS (Scolopacidae) BM Greater Yellowlegs - Tringa melanoleuca Five seen along the Madre de Dios river ride to Manu Wildlife Center

BM Baird's Sandpiper - Calidris bairdii Five seen along the Madre de Dios river ride, near Blanco Oxbow lake

JACANAS (Jacanidae) Wattled Jacana - Jacana jacana Three seen at Camungo Oxbow lake and eight more at Blanco Oxbow lake

GULLS AND TERNS (Laridae) Andean Gull - Chroicocephalus serranus About eight seen at Huacarpay and couple dozen more on the way to Paucartambo town

Large-billed Tern - Phaetusa simplex Twenty-six counted during boat rides along the Madre de Dios river, near Boca Manu, Manu Wildlife center and on the way to Boca Colorado

Yellow-billed Tern - Sternula superciliaris Thirty-one counted during boat rides along the Madre de Dios river, near Boca Manu, Manu Wildlife center and on the way to Boca Colorado

STORKS (Ciconidae) Wood Stork - Mycteria americana About four seen near Manu Wildlife Center and three more on the way to Colorado Village

ANHINGA DARTERS (Anhingidae) Anhinga - Anhinga anhinga About six counted during boat rides in the Madre de Dios river

CORMORANTS (Phalacrocoracidae) Neotropic Cormorant - Phalacrocorax brasilianus Common along the Madre de Dios River

HERONS (Ardeidae) Rufescent Tiger-Heron - Tigrisoma lineatum One at Villa Carmen Biological Station, one six at Camungo Oxbow Lake and one more at Blanco Oxbow Lake

Rufescent Tiger-Heron

Fasciated Tiger-Heron - Tigrisoma fasciatum About four seen along the short boat ride to Amazonia Lodge and dozen seen on the way to Manu Wildlife Center

Cattle Egret - Bubulcus ibis Two seen at Huacarpay lake and common in lowland region

Cocoi Heron - Ardea cocoi Common in the Madre de Dios river

Great Egret - Ardea alba One seen at Huacarpay lake and several more along the Madre de Dios river

Capped Heron - Pilherodius pileatus Four seen from at Pilcopata river from bridge near Pilcopata Town

Snowy Egret - Egretta thula Common along the Madre de Dios river

Little Blue Heron - Egretta caerulea About eight counted during boat rides along the Madre de Dios river

IBISES (Threskiornithidae) Puna Ibis - Plegadis ridgwayi About one hundred seen at Huacarpay lake and couple dozen more on the way to Paucartambo

Green Ibis - Mesembrinibis cayennensis Three seen at agriculture areas on the way to Puerto Maldonado

Green Ibis

AMERICAN VULTURES (Cathartidae) Turkey Vulture - Cathartes aura Fairly common in lowland region. Noted the Amazonian race. Jaramillo (2003) suggested that the resident tropical subspecies ruficollis and the southern subspecies group (jota and "falklandica") might merit recognition as separate species from the northern Cathartes aura group.

Greater Yellow-headed Vulture - Cathartes melambrotos Common in lowland region

Black Vulture - Coragyps atratus Common and widespread

King Vulture - Sarcoramphus papa About nine seen in Manu Wildlife Center and Blanquillo Macaw Lick in different dates

OSPREY (Pandionidae) Osprey - Pandion haliaetus Two seen at Madre de Dios river and on the way to Colorado Village

HAWKS AND EAGLES (Accipitridae) Gray-headed Kite - Leptodon cayanensis One picture taken at Cock of the Rock Lodge

Swallow-tailed Kite - Elanoides forficatus Six seen at Camungo Oxbow lake and two more at Blanquillo Macaw Lick

Ornate Hawk-Eagle - Spizaetus ornatus One seen perched next to Amazonia Lodge

Ornate Hawk-Eagle photo by Richard Amable

Black-and-chestnut Eagle - Spizaetus isidori Two, an adult and one immature seen near Rocotal at 2000 m along Manu road. Named after Isidore Geoffrey Saint – Hilliaire 1805-1861 French zoologist. ENDANGERED

Black-collared Hawk - Busarellus nigricollis Three seen at Blanco oxbow lake

Double-toothed Kite - Harpagus bidentatus Two seen at Amazonia Lodge and two more in Manu Wildlife Center area

Plumbeous Kite - Ictinia plumbea Common in lowland region

Cinereous Harrier - Circus cinereus Two seen at Hucarpay lake

Cinereous Harrier

Sharp-shinned Hawk - Accipiter striatus One seen at Wayquecha area.

Crane Hawk - Geranospiza caerulescens One seen at boat ride from Amazonia Lodge to Manu Wildlife Center and one more on the way to Boca Colorado town

Great Black-Hawk - Buteogallus urubitinga Three seen along the Madre de Dios River and couple more on the way to Boca Colorado

Montane Solitary Eagle - Buteogallus solitarius Two seen at Cock of the Rock Lodge

Roadside Hawk - Rupornis magnirostris Common in lowland region

Variable (Red-backed) Hawk - Geranoaetus polyosoma Two at Huacarpay and two more on the way to Adajanaco pass Sightings of the “Puna Hawk” form in the highlands and “Red-backed” form along the coast. The taxonomy of this group is confusing, and some authors try to split it as Puna Hawk B. poecilochrous and Red-backed Hawk B. polyosoma. SACC comments: Farquhar (1988) concluded that Buteo poecilochrous and B. polyosoma are conspecific, as they were formerly treated; he was unable to find any way to reliably diagnose the two forms using plumage characters or measurements. Ridgely & Greenfield (2001), Jaramillo (2003), and Schulenberg et al. (2007) followed this treatment and suggested "Variable Hawk" be retained for the composite species. Genetic data (Riesing et al. 2003) are consistent with hypothesis that B. polyosoma and B. poecilochrous are conspecific. Cabot & de Vries (2004, in press) and Cabot et al. (in press) present additional data that support their recognition as separate species. SACC proposal to re-elevate poecilochrous to species rank did not pass. The IOC does not split these either yet.

White Hawk - Pseudastur albicollis Two seen from the canopy tower at Amazonia Lodge

Gray-lined Hawk - Buteo nitidus Two seen on the way to Puerto Maldonado

Broad-winged Hawk - Buteo platypterus One seen on the way to Villa Carmen Bioogical Station coming from Cock of the rock Lodge

Short-tailed Hawk - Buteo brachyurus One seen along Madre de Dios river, on the way to Manu Wildlife Center and one more at Blanquillo Macaw Lick

White-throated Hawk - Buteo albigula One seen from Paradise Lodge, near Cock of the Rock lodge

OWLS (Strigidae) Tropical Screech-Owl - Megascops choliba * At Villa Carmen Biological Station

Rufescent Screech-Owl - Megascops ingens * At Cock of the Rock lodge

Tawny-bellied Screech-Owl

Tawny-bellied Screech-Owl - Megascops watsonii Hear only Villa Carmen, at Amazonia lodge and one seen at Manu Wildlife Center Recent analyses of genetic and vocal differences (König et al. 1999) confirm a major division of the screech-owls into New World Otus (except O. flammulatus) and Old-World groups, as noted by Amadon & Bull (1988). consequently, the AOU (Banks et al. 2003) placed all New World Otus (except O. flammulatus) in the genus Megascops. The SACC says: Sibley & Monroe (1990) and König et al. (1999) treated usta as a separate species from Megascops watsonii based on vocal differences, but this was not followed by Ridgely & Greenfield (2001). SACC proposal to recognize usta as a separate species from M. watsonii was rejected because of inadequate geographic sampling and analysis. Usta was split by Restall 2002. Named after Gavin Watson US writer and ornithologist.

Crested Owl - Lophostrix cristata * At Manu Widlife Center

Amazonian Pygmy-Owl - Glaucidium hardyi * At Manu Widlife Center

Ferruginous Pygmy-Owl - Glaucidium brasilianum * At Blanquillo Macaw Lick

Burrowing Owl - Athene cunicularia Three seen along the Madre de Dios river ride, on the way to Manu Wildlife Center

Mottled Owl - Ciccaba virgate * At Villa Carmen

Black-banded Owl - Ciccaba huhula One seen at Amazonia lodge

Black-banded Owl

Masked Trogon

QUETZALS AND TROGONS (Trogonidae) Pavonine Quetzal - Pharomachrus pavoninus * At Manu Wildlife Center

Golden-headed Quetzal - Pharomachrus auriceps One seen near Pillahuata waterfall, on the way to Cock of the Rock Lodge. From the Greek Pharo = Mantle or Cloak. Machrus = long.

Black-tailed Trogon - Trogon melanurus Six seen at Amazonia Lodge and five more at Manu Wildlife Center

Green-backed Trogon - Trogon viridis Three seen at Manu Wildlife Center

Amazonian Trogon - Trogon ramonianus One seen at Manu Wildlife Center. The subspecies ramonianus and caligatus were formerly (e.g., Cory 1919, Pinto 1937) considered separate species from Trogon violaceus (Violaceous Trogon) but Peters (1945) considered them all conspecific. Ridgely & Greenfield (2001) considered caligatus (Gartered Trogon) of Middle America and northwestern South America to be a separate species from Trogon violaceus, and this was followed by Hilty (2003); Genetic data (DaCosta & Klicka 2008) indicate that caligatus is basal to a group that includes Amazonian T. violaceus, T. curucui, and T. surrucura (and that Amazonian violaceus may be paraphyletic with respect to the latter two species). SACC proposal was passed to recognize caligatus as a species. SACC proposal passed to recognize ramonianus as a separate species from T. violaceus.

So, in short you have 3 species that came out of Violaceous Trogon.

Gartered Trogon caligatus – S. Mexico to NW Peru Amazonian Trogon - Trogon ramonianus – the Amazon Basin Guianan Trogon –Trogon viridis – Trindad and the Guianan Shield.

Blue-crowned Trogon - Trogon curucui Seen one at Villa Carmen, three at Amazonia Lodge

Collared Trogon - Trogon collaris Two seen at Manu Wildlife Center

Masked Trogon - Trogon personatus Three seen along Manu road near Pillahuata and Cock of the Rock lodge

KINGFISHERS (Alcedinidae) Ringed Kingfisher - Megaceryle torquata One seen near Villa Carmen and about six at the Madre de Dios river, on the way to Manu Wildlife Center

Amazon Kingfisher - Chloroceryle amazona About sixteen seen at Madre de Dios river, during boat rides

Green Kingfisher - Chloroceryle Americana Two seen at Madre de Dios river and one more at Blanco oxbow lake

Green-and-rufous Kingfisher - Chloroceryle inda One seen briefly at Blanco Oxbow lake

MOTMOTS (Momotidae) Broad-billed Motmot - Electron platyrhynchum One heard and seen at Manu Wildlife Center

Rufous Motmot - Baryphthengus martii Heard only at Manu Wildlife Center

Amazonian Motmot - Momotus momota One seen at Manu Wildlife Center

Andean Motmot - Momotus aequatorialis Four seen near Cock of the Rock

So, there are now 6 recognized species that came out of the old Blue-crowned Motmot

Momotus coeruliceps Blue-crowned Motmot – NE and Central Mexico Momotus lessoni Blue-diademed Motmot – South Mexico to Central Panama Momotus subrufescens Whooping Motmot - E Panama to NC Venezuela and the Magdalena Valley of Colombia; SE Ecuador and extreme NW Peru. Momotus bahamensis Trinidad Motmot – Trindad & Tobago Momotus momota Amazonian Motmot - Venezuela (S of the Orinoco) and the Guianas S through the entire Amazon basin to extreme N Argentina and Paraguay. Momotus aequatorialis Andean Motmot – The Andes from NC Colombia to NE Bolivia.

Andean Motmot

PUFFBIRDS (Bucconidae) Chestnut-capped Puffbird - Bucco macrodactylus One seen at Villa Carmen Biological Station

Western Striolated-Puffbird - Nystalus obamai Only heard at roadside exit, on the way to Puerto Maldonado. Named for the former President of the United States Barrack Obama.

Black-streaked Puffbird - Malacoptila fulvogularis One seen near Rocotal spot 1800m, Manu Road

Black-fronted Nunbird - Monasa nigrifrons Common in the lowland region. Monasa is Greek for solitary or a monk a reference to the plain plumage and quiet behavior of the Nunbirds

White-fronted Nunbird - Monasa morphoeus Seven seen at Manu Wildlife Center. Morpheous was the son of sleep and god of dreams a referral to the lethargic behavior of this Nunbird.

Swallow-winged Puffbird - Chelidoptera tenebrosa Eight seen on the way to Villa Carmen and common in lowland region

Swallow-winged Puffbird

JACAMARS (Galbulidae) RR Purus Jacamar - Galbalcyrhynchus purusianus About eight seen at Camungo Oxbow lake and two more at Pastora road, near Puerto Maldonado.). Named for the Purus River that runs from eastern Peru into Brazil.

Purus Jacamar photo by Richard Amable

RR White-throated Jacamar – Brachygalba albogularis Two seen at Pastora road near Puerto Maldonado

RR Bluish-fronted Jacamar - Galbula cyanescens Two near Chontachaca village, one at Villa Carmen, two at Amazonia Lodge, and one more at Manu Wildlife Center

BARBETS (Capitonidae) Gilded Barbet - Capito auratus* At Manu Wildlife Center

Lemon-throated Barbet - Eubucco richardsoni Four seen at Amazonia Lodge

Versicolored Barbet - Eubucco versicolor One seen at Pillahuata spot and several more at Cock of the Rock lodge

Versicolored Barbet

TOUCANS (Ramphastidae) White-throated Toucan - Ramphastos tucanus Two at Amazonia Lodge and common in Manu Wildlife Center

Channel-billed Toucan – Ramphastos vitellinus * Heard only at Manu Wildlife Center

RR Blue-banded Toucanet – Aulacorhynchus coeruleicinctis One seen on the way to Cock of the Rock lodge

Grey-breasted Mountain-Toucan - Andigena hypoglauca Two seen near Wayquecha Biological Station

Grey-breasted Mountain-Toucan

Golden-collared Toucanet - Selenidera reinwardtii Only heard at Manu Wildlife Center Lettered Aracari - Pteroglossus inscriptus* Only heard at Manu Wildlife Center. In Greek Pteroglossus means “feathertongued” a reference to the slim feather-like tongues of toucans and aracaris.

Ivory-billed (Brown-mandibled) Aracari – Pteroglossus (mariae) azara Three at Camungo canopy tower and four more at Manu Wildlife Center

Chestnut-eared Aracari - Pteroglossus castanotis Two seen at Villa Carmen Biological Station and three more seen at Blanquillo Macaw Lick

Curl-crested Aracari - Pteroglossus beauharnaesii Two seen at Manu Wildlife Center and only hear at roadside exit near Puerto Maldonado. The cool afro crest feels like plastic to the touch! (On museum specimens).

WOODPECKERS (Picidae) RR Fine-barred Piculet - Picumnus subtilis Two seen at Amazonia Lodge

Yellow-tufted Woodpecker - Melanerpes cruentatus Roosting cavity found at Manu Wildlife Center. Common

Yellow-tufted Woodpecker

Little Woodpecker - Veniliornis passerinus One seen near Chontachaca, one at Villa Carmen and few more at Amazonia lodge. Also, at Manu Wildlife Center

Red-stained Woodpecker - Veniliornis affinis One seen at Manu Widlife Center

Golden-green Woodpecker - Piculus chrysochloros Heard only at Manu Wildlife Center

Golden-olive Woodpecker - Colaptes rubiginosus Two seen at Cock of the Rock lodge

Andean Flicker - Colaptes rupicola Two at Huacarpary lake and few more on the way to Paucartambo

Scaly-breasted Woodpecker - Celeus grammicus One seen at Manu Wildlife Centre

Golden-olive Woodpecker

Cream-colored Woodpecker - Celeus flavus Four seen at Manu Wildlife Center. The cream of Woodpeckers!

Chestnut Woodpecker - Celeus elegans One seen at Manu Wildlife Center

Lineated Woodpecker - Dryocopus lineatus One seen at Villa Carmen and three more at Manu Widlife Center

Crimson-crested Woodpecker - Campephilus melanoleucos Two seen at Villa Carmen and two more at Amazonia Lodge

Cream-colored Woodpecker

Crimson-crested Woodpecker

FALCONS (Falconidae) Laughing Falcon - Herpetotheres cachinnans One seen along the Madre de Dios river and one more on the way to Boca Colorado

Lined Forest-Falcon - Micrastur gilvicollis One seen at Manu Wildlife Center

Black Caracara - Daptrius ater Common along Madre de Dios river, near Manu Wildlife Center

Red-throated Caracara - Ibycter americanus Three seen at Villa Carmen, Amazonia Lodge few and more at Manu Wildlife Center

Mountain Caracara - Phalcoboenus megalopterus Three seen at Huacarpay lake, five more on the way to Paucartambo Twon, and near Acjanaco

Southern Caracara - Caracara plancus One seen at Madre de Dios river and one more on the way to Puerto Maldonando city

American Kestrel - Falco sparverius Eight seen at Huacarpay lake and five more on the way to Paucartambo town

Bat Falcon - Falco rufigularis One seen at Madre de Dios river and two more at Blanquillo Macaw lick.

Aplomado Falcon - Falco femoralis Two seen on the way to Paucartambo town

Red-throated Caracara

Mountain Caracara immature

MACAWS AND PARROTS (Psittacidae) Tui Parakeet - Brotogeris sanctithomae About eighty seen at Blanquillo Macaw lick

Tui Parakeet photo by Richard Amable

Cobalt-winged Parakeet - Brotogeris cyanoptera Common in lowland region

Orange-cheeked Parrot - Pyrilia barrabandi Few heard and seen flying across the forest. The fastest parrot, very well. Named after Jaques Barrand (1767- 1809), French bird and flower illustrator.

Blue-headed Parrot - Pionus menstruus Common is lowland region

Blue-headed Parrots

Yellow-crowned Parrot - Amazona ochrocephala About forty seen at Blanquillo Macaw Lick

Mealy Parrot - Amazona farinosa About fifty at Blanquillo Macaw Lick, very common in lowland region. Farinosa is Latin for “Sprinkled with Flour” referring to the “dusted” appearance of this Amazon.

Scaly-naped Parrot - Amazona mercenarius * At Cock of the Rock lodge

Dusky-billed Parrotlet - Forpus modestus About eight seen at Camungo canopy tower and three more at Mammal clay lick in Manu Wildlife Center

Rose-fronted Parakeet - Pyrrhura roseifrons * At Manu Wildlife Center

Dusky-headed Parakeet - Aratinga weddellii Heard and seen, seems common at Lowland region, but we did not see many Red-bellied Macaw - Orthopsittaca manilata About fifteen seen at a Palm swamp near Puerto Maldonado

Blue-headed Macaw - Primolius couloni Heard and seen two on the way to Atalaya port near Pilcopata town VULNERABLE

Blue-and-yellow Macaw - Ara ararauna About twenty counted during boat rides at Madre de Dios river. And most near Manu Wildlife Center

Military Macaw - Ara militaris Two seen flying very high at Amazonia Lodge VULNERABLE

Scarlet Macaw - Ara macao Common in lowland region and mostly near Manu Wildlife Center

Red-and-green Macaw - Ara chloropterus One day eighty seen at Blanquillo Macaw lick, one seen beeing captured by an Ocelot. Common in the area

Chestnut-fronted Macaw - Ara severus Common in lowland region

White-eyed Parakeet - Psitticara leucophthalma Hear and seen. Common in lowland region

Red-and-green Macaw

Chestnut-fronted Macaw sits on an Amazisa flowers

ANTBIRDS (Thamnophilidae Bamboo Antshrike - Cymbilaimus sanctaemariae Two seen on the way to Atalaya port and one more heard at Amazonia Lodge

Great Antshrike - Taraba major Heard at Villa Carmen and seen at Amazonia Lodge

Barred Antshrike - Thamnophilus doliatus Heard and seen one at Blanquillo Macaw lick

RR Chestnut-backed Antshrike - Thamnophilus palliatus Seen four at bamboo forest 1300m. near Cock of the Rock lodge

Plain-winged Antshrike - Thamnophilus schistaceus Heard and seen two at Amazonia lodge, heard also at Manu Widlife Center

Uniform Antshrike - Thamnophilus unicolor Two seen near the lek at Cock of the Rock lodge

Dusky-throated Antshrike - Thamnomanes ardesiacus Five seen at Manu Wildlige Center

Bluish-slate Antshrike - Thamnomanes schistogynus Three seen at Amazonia lodge. The understory flock leader

Plain-throated Antwren - Isleria hauxwelli Two seen at Manu Wildlife Center

Ornate Antwren - Epinecrophylla ornata meridionalis One seen at Cock of the Rock lodge. A specialist on dead leaf clusters where it forages for insects

Ornate Antwren female

Pygmy Antwren - Myrmotherula brachyura Heard and seen two at Amazonia lodge

RR Sclater's Antwren - Myrmotherula sclateri Only one heard and seen at Manu Wildlife Center

Amazonian Streaked-Antwren - Myrmotherula multostriata Two seen at Blanco oxbow lake

Stripe-chested Antwren - Myrmotherula longicauda About ten seen at Cock of the Rock lodge and more on the way down to Pilcopata town

Stripe-chested Antwren

Long-winged Antwren - Myrmotherula longipennis Four seen at Manu Wildlife Center

Gray Antwren - Myrmotherula menetriesii One seen at Manu Wildlife Center

Banded Antbird - Dichrozona cincta One seen at Manu Wildlife Center

Dot-winged Antwren – Microrhipias quixensis Heard and seen on the way to Atalaya port

Peruvian Warbling-Antbird - Hypocnemis peruviana One seen at Manu Wildlife Center

RR Yellow-breasted Warbling-Antbird - Hypocnemis subflava Heard and seen at bamboo forest 1300m, near cock of the Rock

Black Antbird - Cercomacroides serva Heard and seen one on the way dawn to Chontachaca Village

RR Manu Antbird - Cercomacra manu Two seen at Villa Carmen Biological Station

Gray Antbird - Cercomacra cinerascens One seen at Manu Wildlife Center

White-backed (Western) Fire-eye - Pyriglena maura marcapatensis* At Cock of the Rock lodge

White-browed Antbird - Myrmoborus leucophrys Several seen at Amazonia lodge and more at Manu Wildlife Center. Common

RR White-lined Antbird - Percnostola lophotes Heard at Villa Carmen and two seen at Amazonia lodge. Another bamboo specialist! Range just creeps over the border into NW Bolivia

RR Band-tailed Antbird - Hypocnemoides maculicauda Two seen Camungo oxbow lake and one more at Manu Wildlife Center

Silvered Antbird - Sclateria naevia One female seen at Amazonia lodge

Plumbeous Antbird - Myrmelastes hyperythrus Heard and four seen at Manu Wildlife Center

Plumbeous Antbird

Chestnut-tailed Antbird - Sciaphylax hemimelaena Two heard and seen at Amazonia lodge

RR Goeldi's Antbird - Akletos goeldii One seen at Villa Carmen and heard only at Amazonia lodge. Favors Bamboo but is not restricted to it. Named for Emil August Goeldi, German naturalist resident in Brazil and author of “Aves do Brasil” 1894.

Sooty Antbird - Hafferia fortis One seen at Manu Wildlife Center

Black-throated Antbird - Myrmophylax atrothorax Heard and one seen at Amazonia lodge, common in lowland region

Black-spotted Bare-eye - Phlegopsis nigromaculata Five seen at Amazonia Lodge and heard only at Manu Wildlife Center

GNATEATERS (Conophagidae) RR Slaty Gnateater - Conopophaga ardesiaca Two seen at Cock of the Rock lodge

ANTPITTAS (Grallaridae) Scaled Antpitta - Grallaria guatimalensis * Heard only at Cock of the Rock lodge

E Red-and-white Antpitta - Grallaria erythroleuca* Near Wayquecha Biological Station

RR Rufous (Urubamba) Antpitta - Grallaria rufula occabambae* Heard only near Wayquecha Biological Station

Amazonian Antpitta - Hylopezus berlepschi* Heard at Villa Carmen and at Amazonia Lodge

Thrush-like Antpitta - Myrmothera campanisona* At Amazonia lodge and at Manu Wildlife Center

TAPACULOS (Rhinocryptidae) Rusty-belted Tapaculo - Liosceles thoracicus Two seen at Amazonia Lodge

Trilling Tapaculo - Scytalopus parvirostris * Near Wayquecha Biological Station

ANTHRUSHES (Formicariidae) Rufous-capped Antthrush - Formicarius colma* At Manu Wildlife Center

Black-faced Antthrush - Formicarius analis Heard and two seen at Amazonia Lodge and heard at Manu Wildlife Center

OVENBIRDS (Funariinae) Black-tailed Leaftosser - Sclerurus caudacutus One seen at Manu Wildlife Center

Common Miner - Geositta cunicularia Four seen on the way to Paucartambo. Fjeldså & Krabbe (1990) suggested that vocal differences between lowland nominate cunicularia and Andean subspecies indicate that at least two species are involved in Geositta cunicularia. Genetic data (Cheviron et al. 2005) also suggest that more than one species is involved.

Olivaceous Woodcreeper - Sittasomus griseicapillus Two seen at Amazonia lodge and four more at Manu Wildlife Center. Certainly, consists of multiple species (Hardy et al. 1991, Ridgely & Tudor 1994, Parker et al. 1995, Ridgely & Greenfield 2001, Hilty 2003), with at least five subspecies group possibly deserving separate species status (Marantz et al. 2003). The subspecies viridis and amazonus are elevational replacements in southern Peru with different song types (Robbins et al. 2013).

Plain-brown Woodcreeper - Dendrocincla fuliginosa One seen at Amazonia lodge

Wedge-billed Woodcreeper - Glyphorynchus spirurus Two at Amazonia lodge and two more at Manu Wildlife Center

Cinnamon-throated (Devillei’s) Woodcreeper - Dendrexetastes (devillei) rufigula One seen at Amazonia lodge, one at Camungo Canopy tower and one more at Manu Wildlife Center

Long-billed Woodcreeper – Nasica longirostris One seen at Manu Wildlife Center

Black-banded Woodcreeper - Dendrocolaptes picumnus One seen at Amazonia lodge

Straight-billed Woodcreeper - Dendroplex picus One seen at Blanquillo Macaw lick

Tschudi’s Woodcreeper – Xiphorhynchus chunchotambo One seen at Manu Wildlife Center

Elegant Woodcreeper – Xiphorhynchus elegans juruanus Three seen at Manu Wildlife Center We saw the jurua subspecies. Note that Zimmer (1934d), Pinto (1937), Ridgely & Tudor (1994), and Ridgely & Greenfield (2001) considered Xiphorhynchus elegans and X. spixii (Spix’s Woodcreeper) conspecific but see Haffer (1997) for rationale for treating them as separate species, as in Peters (1951) and Meyer de Schauensee (1970). Aleixo (2002) also found molecular support for treating nominate spixii as a separate species from all other taxa in the group. Cory & Hellmayr (1925) treated the subspecies juruanus and insignis as separate species from X. spixii (Jurua Woodcreeper), and Pinto (1947) also maintained juruanus as a separate species; but they were considered conspecific by Zimmer (1934d) and Peters (1951).

Buff-throated Woodcreeper – Xiphorhynchus guttatus Common in lowland region. The most common Lowland rainforest Woodcreeper; some authorities consider Buff throated Woodcreeper of SE Brazil as distinct, but some authorities consider the reason for splitting weak.

Olive-backed Woodcreeper – Xiphorhynchus triangularis Four seen near Cock of the Rock lodge

Olive-backed Woodcreeper

Red-billed Scythebill - Campylorhamphus trochilirostris Heard and seen near Cock of the Rock lodge, heard at Villa Carmen, Amazonia lodge and Manu Wildlife Center

Montane Woodcreeper - Lepidocolaptes lacrymiger Six seen on the way to Cock of the rock lodge. lacrymiger “tear gathering” referring to the spotting.

Plain Xenops - Xenops minutus Two seen at Amazonia lodge and one more at Manu Wildlife Center

Streaked Xenops - Xenops rutilans One seen at Cock of the Rock lodge

Point-tailed Palmcreeper – Berlepschia rikeri One seen at Loboyo creek near Puerto Maldonado

Streaked Tuftedcheek - Pseudocolaptes boissonneautii One seen near Pillahuata, on the way to Cock of the Rock lodge

Pale-legged Hornero - Furnarius leucopus Common in Amazonia lodge and few more at Manu Wildlife Center

Wren-like Rushbird - Phleocryptes melanops Four seen at Huacarpay lake

Cream-winged Cinclodes - Cinclodes albiventris Three seen on the way to Paucartambo town. Jaramillo (2003) suggested that the albiventris group might warrant recognition as a separate species from Bar-winged Cinclodes Cinclodes fuscus. Unfortunately, Chesser's (2004a) sampling did not include populations of C. fuscus from the Andes north of Argentina. Sanín et al. (2009) sampled C. fuscus from throughout its range and found that it was polyphyletic, with various populations more closely related to C. olrogi, C. oustaleti, C. comechingonus, and C. antarcticus. SACC proposal passed to elevate the albiventris and albidiventris groups to species rank. As for English names, Jaramillo (2003) proposed Cream-winged Cinclodes for C. albiventris and Buff-winged Cinclodes for C. fuscus, and Jaramillo (see proposal 415) proposed Chestnut-winged Cinclodes for C. albidiventris.

Dusky-cheeked Foliage-gleaner - Anabazenops dorsalis One seen at Villa Carmen Biological Station

Cinnamon-rumped Foliage-gleaner - Philydor pyrrhodes One seen at Manu Willdlife Center

Rufous-rumped Foliage-gleaner - Philydor erythrocercum Three seen at Manu Willdlife Center

Chestnut-winged Foliage-gleaner - Philydor erythropterum Two at Manu Willdlife Center

Buff-fronted Foliage-gleaner - Philydor rufum One seen at Amazonia lodge

Montane Foliage-gleaner - Anabacerthia striaticollis Two seen at Rocotal Spot and few more near Cock of the Rock lodge

Chestnut-winged Hookbill - Ancistrops strigilatus * Only heard at Manu Willdlife Center

Buff-throated Foliage-gleaner - Automolus ochrolaemus One seen at Manu Willdlife Center

Chestnut-crowned Foliage-gleaner - Automolus rufipileatus Heard at Villa Carmen and at Amazonia lodge

Olive-backed Foliage-gleaner - Automolus infuscatus Two seen at Manu Willdlife Center

Spotted Barbtail - Premnoplex brunnescens Two seen at Cock of the Rock lodge

Pearled Treerunner - Margarornis squamiger Three seen near Wayquecha Biological Station and few more near Pillahuata on the way to Cock of the Rock lodge

RR Puna Thistletail - Asthenes helleri Three seen near Acjanaco pass. Named for Edmund Heller (1875- 1944) US naturalist and collector who worked at the Field Museum of Natural History. VULNERABLE

E Rusty-fronted Canastero - Asthenes ottonis Three seen at Huacarpay

Ash-browed Spinetail - Cranioleuca curtata One seen at Cock of the Rock lodge VULNERABLE

E Creamy-crested Spinetail - Cranioleuca albicapilla Five seen on the way to Acjanaco pass. Unlike Synallaxis spinetails, members of this genus are typically arboreal, often favoring vine tangles in mid-storey and subcanopy.

Speckled Spinetail - Cranioleuca gutturata One seen at Amazonia lodge

Azara's Spinetail - Synallaxis azarae Heard and seen at Wayquecha Biological Station. Named for the Spaniard Brigadier General Felix Manuel de Azara (1742-1821) who commanded the Paraguayan/Brazilian frontier.

Azara's Spinetail

Dark-breasted Spinetail - Synallaxis albigularis One seen at Blanquillo Macaw Lick

Plain-crowned Spinetail - Synallaxis gujanensis Seen at Villa Carmen and one more at Amazonia lodge

RR Cabanis's Spinetail - Synallaxis cabanisi * On the way to Villa Carmen and heard only at Amazonia lodge

TYRANT FLYCATCHERS (Tyrannidae) Forest Elaenia - Myiopagis gaimardii Seen one at Villa Carmen, two at Amazonia lodge and one more at Manu Wildlife Center

Large Elaenia - Elaenia spectabilis One seen on the way to Villa Carmen Biological Station

White-crested Elaenia - Elaenia albiceps Fifteen seen at Huacarpay lake. The SACC says: The subspecies modesta was formerly (REF) considered a separate species from Elaenia albiceps but see Zimmer (1941a). Jaramillo (2003) suggested that E. albiceps consists of more than one species.

Mottle-backed Elaenia - Elaenia gigas One seen at Villa Carmen and two more at Blanquillo Macaw lick

Sierran Elaenia - Elaenia pallatangae Six seen at Wayquecha Biological Station

White-throated Tyrannulet - Mecocerculus leucophrys Fifteen seen near Wayquecha Biological Station

White-throated Tyrannulet

White-banded Tyrannulet - Mecocerculus stictopterus Ten seen near Wayqhecha and Pillahuata water falls

Yellow-billed Tit-Tyrant - Anairetes flavirostris Two seen on the way to Paucartambo town

Torrent Tyrannulet - Serpophaga cinerea One seen near Cock of the Rock lodge

Ringed Antpipit - Corythopis torquatus Two seen at Amazonia Lodge and heard at Manu Wildlife Center

RR Bolivian Tyrannulet - Zimmerius bolivianus Two seen near Wayquecha Biological Station and couple more near Cock of the Rock Lodge

Bolivian Tyrannulet

Marble-faced Bristle-Tyrant - Phylloscartes ophthalmicus One near Cock of the Rock Lodge

RR Cinnamon-faced Tyrannulet - Phylloscartes parkeri One seen near Quita Calzon 1100m on the way to Pilcopata. One of the several birds named for Theodore A. Parker the III –pioneer US ornithologist tragically killed in plane crash in souther Ecuador in 1993.

Streak-necked Flycatcher - Mionectes striaticollis Four seen near Pillahuata 2500m and one more near Cock of the Rock lodge. Flycatchers in this genus are unusual in being frugivorous rather than insectivorous. Hence, like many Cotingas and Manakins, they also have lek systems. Ochre-bellied Flycatcher - Mionectes oleagineus One seen at Amazonia lodge

E Inca Flycatcher - Leptopogon taczanowskii Three seen near Pillahuata water fall 2500m Named for Wladislaw Taczanowskii, Polish ornithologist and author of “Ornithologie du Perou” 1884.

Sepia-capped Flycatcher - Leptopogon amaurocephalus One seen near Chonchachaca, on the way to Pilcopata town

Slaty-capped Flycatcher - Leptopogon superciliaris One seen at Pillahuata and several more near Quita Calson 1200m. at Cock of the rock lodge

Many-colored Rush Tyrant - Tachuris rubrigastra Two seen at Huacarpay lake

Scale-crested Pygmy-Tyrant - Lophotriccus pileatus Common near Cock of the Rock lodge

RR Flammulated Pygmy-Tyrant - Hemitriccus flammulatus Heard at Villa Carmen Biological Station

RR White-bellied Tody-Tyrant - Hemitriccus griseipectus Seen one at Amazonia Lodge and two more at Manu Wildlife Center

Rusty-fronted Tody-Flycatcher - Poecilotriccus latirostris * At Villa Carmen and at Blanquillo Macaw lick

E Black-backed Tody-Flycatcher - Poecilotriccus pulchellus Two seen near Chontachaca, on the way to Pilcopata

Black-backed Tody-Flycatcher

Spotted Tody-Flycatcher - Todirostrum maculatum One seen at Blanquillo Macaw lick

Yellow-browed Tody-Flycatcher - Todirostrum chrysocrotaphum Seen one at Amazonia lodge

Yellow-breasted Flycatcher - Tolmomyias flaviventris One seen nesting at Amazonia Lodge

Fulvous-breasted Flatbill - Rhynchocyclus fulvipectus One seen at Cock of the Rock lodge

Golden-crowned Spadebill - Platyrinchus coronatus Two seen at Manu Wildlife Center

White-crested Spadebill - Platyrinchus platyrhynchos Three seen at Manu Wildlife Center

Bran-colored Flycatcher - Myiophobus fasciatus Three seen at Blanquillo Macaw lick and one more on the way to Puerto Maldonado The SACC says: The subspecies rufescens of arid western Peru and northern Chile was formerly (e.g., Cory & Hellmayr 1927) considered a separate species from Myiophobus fasciatus, but Zimmer (1939c) and Koepcke (1961) reported specimens that showed signs of intergradation between rufescens and M. f. crypterythrus (cf. Ridgely & Tudor 1994); thus, Meyer de Schauensee (1966) considered them conspecific, and this has been followed by subsequent authors. Jaramillo (2003), however, suggested that rufescens should be considered a separate species.

Whiskered Flycatcher – Myiobius barbatus One seen at Manu Wildlife Center

Cinnamon Flycatcher - Pyrrhomyias cinnamomeus Common at Wayquecha Biological Station and on the way to Cock of the Rock Lodge

Cinnamon Flycatcher

RR Ochraceous-breasted Flycatcher - Nephelomyias ochraceiventris Three seen near Wayquecha Biological Station

Ochraceous-breasted Flycatcher

Smoke-colored Pewee - Contopus fumigatus Two seen near Pillahuata, on the way down to Cock of the Rock Lodge

RR Olive Flycatcher - Mitrephanes olivaceus One near Cock of the Rock lodge

Black Phoebe - Sayornis nigricans Several near Cock of the Rock lodge, Also near Villa Carmen Biological Station

Austral Vermilion Flycatcher - Pyrocephalus rubinus One at Villa Carmen and several more at Madre de Dios river during boat rides, near Manu Wildlife Center In a recent paper – Carmi el al 2016 it strongly suggests several taxonomic changes to the genus Pyrocephalus, including elevating three currently recognized subspecies to full species status: the austral migrant South American subspecies rubinus, and the two Galápagos subspecies dubius and nanus.

As such, they propose a revised taxonom

Species Pyrocephalus rubinus (Boddaert, 1783), Austral Vermilion Flycatcher Species Pyrocephalus obscurus Gould, 1839, Vermilion Flycatcher Species Pyrocephalus nanus Gould, 1838, Galápagos Vermilion Flycatcher Species Pyrocephalus dubius Gould, 1839, San Cristóbal Vermilion Flycatcher The San Cristobal Vermillion Flycatcher is extinct

White-winged Black-Tyrant - Knipolegus aterrimus One on the way to Paucartambo

Drab Water Tyrant - Ochthornis littoralis Common along Madre de Dios river

Little Ground-Tyrant - Muscisaxicola fluviatilis One seen at Madre de Dios river, on the way to Boca Colorado

Spot-billed Ground-Tyrant - Muscisaxicola maculirostris Six seen on the way to Paucartambo

Ochre-naped Ground-Tyrant - Muscisaxicola flavinucha Two seen on the way to Paucartambo town

Rufous-naped Ground-Tyrant - Muscisaxicola rufivertex Three at Huacarpay lake and eight more on the way to Paucartambo town

Black-billed Shrike-Tyrant - Agriornis montanus One seen on the way to Acjanaco

Streak-throated Bush-Tyrant - Myiotheretes striaticollis One seen on near Pillahuata, near Wayquecha Biological Station

RR Rufous-bellied Bush-Tyrant - Myiotheretes fuscorufus Three seen near Wayquecha Biological Station

Crowned (Kalinowski’s) Chat-Tyrant - Ochthoeca (spodionota) spodionota One seen at near Acjanaco

Slaty-backed Maroon-belted) Chat-Tyrant - Ochthoeca (thoracica) cinnamomeiventris Four seen near Pillahuata falls, on the way to Cock of the Rock lodge. Garcia-Moreno et al. (1998) suggested that the plumage and genetic differences between subspecies groups north and south of the Maranon should be recognized at the species level, with Ochthoeca thoracica the name for the southern species. Ridgely & Tudor (1994) reported that there are also vocal differences that would support this split. Ridgely & Greenfield (2001) and Hilty (2003) further recognized Venezuelan nigrita as a separate species from O. cinnamomeiventris, as done by Cory & Hellmayr (1927); see Zimmer (1937b) for the rationale for treating them all as conspecific based on plumage pattern, the treatment followed by Fitzpatrick (2004). Proposal needed.

Rufous-breasted Chat-Tyrant - Ochthoeca rufipectoralis Two seen at Acjanaco pass and two more near Wayquecha Biological Station

Brown-backed Chat-Tyrant - Ochthoeca fumicolor Five seen at Acjanaco pass

White-browed Chat-Tyrant - Ochthoeca leucophrys Two seen at Huacarpay lake and two more on the way to Paucartambo

Long-tailed Tyrant - Colonia colonus One seen at Villa Carmen and two at Amazonia Lodge

Piratic Flycatcher - Legatus leucophaius Four seen on the way to Pilcopata town

Rufous-breasted Chat-Tyrant

Brown-backed Chat-Tyrant

Social Flycatcher

Social Flycatcher - Myiozetetes similis Common in lowland region

Gray-capped Flycatcher - Myiozetetes granadensis Several seen on the way down to Chontachaca village, Common in lowland region

Great Kiskadee - Pitangus sulphuratus One seen at Huacarpay lake and common in lowland region

Lesser Kiskadee - Pitangus lictor Three at Blanco Oxbow lake

Golden-crowned Flycatcher - Myiodynastes chrysocephalus One seen at Cock of the Rock lodge and more on the way to Chontachaca village

Streaked Flycatcher - Myiodynastes maculatus One seen near Quita calzon at 1100m

Boat-billed Flycatcher - Megarynchus pitangua Two seen at Amazonia lodge

Sulphury Flycatcher - Tyrannopsis sulphurea One seen at Manu Wildlife Center

Crowned Slaty Flycatcher - Empidonomus aurantioatrocristatus One on the way down to Manu Wildlife Center and one more at Blanquillo Macaw Lick. An Austral migrant and the bird with the longest scientific name in the world.

Tropical Kingbird - Tyrannus melancholicus Common

Grayish Mourner - Rhytipterna simplex Two heard and seen at Manu Wildlife Center

Dusky-capped Flycatcher - Myiarchus tuberculifer Two seen at Pillahuata water fall and one more at Manu Wildlife center. Note highland and loland forms WILL be split

Short-crested Flycatcher - Myiarchus ferox One seen at Villa Carmen Biological Station and four more at Blanquillo Macaw lick

Dull-capped Attila - Attila bolivianus Heard at Camungo oxbow lake

Bright-rumped Attila - Attila spadiceus Heard at Manu Wildlife Center

COTINGAS (Cotingidae) RR Band-tailed Fruiteater - Pipreola intermedia One seen near Wayquecha Biological Station

Band-tailed Fruiteater female

Andean Cock-of-the-rock

Red-crested Cotinga - Ampelion rubrocristatus Four seen near Acjanaco and three more near Wayquecha Biological Station

Andean Cock-of-the-rock - Rupicola peruvianus Fifteen seen at lek near Cock of the Rock lodge

Purple-throated Fruitcrow - Querula purpurata Heard only at Manu Wildlife Center

Amazonian Umbrellabird - Cephalopterus ornatus Two seen at Amazonia lodge Plum-throated Cotinga - Cotinga maynana One seen at Camungo Canopy Tower

Screaming Piha - Lipaugus vociferans Heard common and one seen at Manu Wildlife Center

Bare-necked Fruitcrow - Gymnoderus foetidus Several seen at Madre de Dios river and couple more at Manu Wildlife Center

MANAKINS (Pipridae) Dwarf Tyrant-Manakin - Tyranneutes stolzmanni Two seen at Manu Wildlife Center. While its call, "jew-rit", is a common sound in tall forest, this bird is infamous for being extremely difficult to see. This is partly a result of its preference for higher strata in the forest than many manakin species. stolzmanni: In honor of Jan Sztolcman (1854-1928) Polish zoologist, collector in tropical America 1875-1883. Yhis is the best photo I have seen of this species

Dwarf Tyrant-Manakin

RR Yungas Manakin - Chiroxiphia boliviana * At Cock of the Rock lodge

Fiery-capped Manakin - Machaeropterus pyrocephalus One seen near Cock of the rock lodge

Fiery-capped Manakin

Blue-crowned Manakin - Lepidothrix coronate Two seen at Manu Wildlife Center

Band-tailed Manakin - Pipra fasciicauda One seen at Amazonia Lodge and three seen at Manu Wildlife Center

Round-tailed Manakin - Ceratopipra chloromeros Heard only at Manu Wildlife Center

TITYRAS AND BECARDS (Tityridae) Black-tailed Tityra - Tityra cayana Two seen at Wildlife Center

Black-crowned Tityra - Tityra inquisitor Two seen at Madre de Dios river and one more at Pastora road, near Puerto Maldonado

Masked Tityra - Tityra semifasciata Four seen near Chontachaca village and two more at Camungo Canopy tower

Cinereous Mourner - Laniocera hypopyrra Two seen and heard at Manu Wildlife Center

Barred Becard - Pachyramphus versicolor Three seen near Pillahuata water falls, on the way to Cock of the Rock lodge

White-winged Becard - Pachyramphus polychopterus Two near Chontachaca village and four at Amazonia lodge

Pink-throated Becard - Pachyramphus minor Two seen at Amazonia lodge

VIREOS (Vireonidae) Brown-capped Vireo - Vireo leucophrys Three seen near Pillahuata Water fall

Chivi Vireo - Vireo chivi Several seen at Villa Carmen, Amazonia lodge and couple at Manu Wildlife Center. Chivi Vireo is one of the most widespread and common passerines of South America. This species consists of a complex mosaic of resident and migratory populations, however. Not only is there seasonal overlap, in the austral winter, between some resident populations and wintering populations from southern South America, but during the boreal winter there also is overlap between the same resident Chivi Vireos and wintering Red-eyed Vireos (Vireo olivaceus) from North America! For many years Chivi and Red-eyed vireos were considered to be the same species; this is understandable, given that they are very similar in appearance, but phylogenetic analysis of DNA sequence data reveals that Chivi is more closely related to  Black-whiskered Vireo (Vireo altiloquus) than it is to Red-eyed. The general biology of Chivi Vireo probably is very similar to that of Red-eyed Vireo but, despite its abundance, Chivi Vireo is much less well studied.

Dusky-capped Greenlet - Pachysylvia hypoxantha* Heard at Amazonia lodge and Manu Wildlife Center

Tawny-crowned Greenlet - Hylophilus ochraceiceps Three seen at Manu Wildlife Center

JAYS (Corvinae) Green (Inca) Jay - Cyanocorax (yncas) luxuosus Three seen near Rocotal spot at 2000m

Green (Inca) Jay

RR Purplish Jay - Cyanocorax cyanomelas Six seen at Villa Carmen, common at Amazonia Lodge and more along Madre de Dios river

Violaceous Jay - Cyanocorax violaceus Six near Chontachaca village, common at Villa Carmen and lowland region

SWALLOWS AND MARTINS (Hirundinidae) Blue-and-white Swallow - Pygochelidon cyanoleuca Common in the highlands and near Cock of the rock lodge

Brown-bellied Swallow - Orochelidon murina Four seen near Acjanaco pass

Pale-footed Swallow - Orochelidon flavipes One seen near Wayquecha Biological Station

White-banded Swallow - Atticora fasciata Common in Lowland region

Southern Rough-winged Swallow - Stelgidopteryx ruficollis Common in lowlands

Brown-chested Martin - Progne tapera About hundred-fifty seen at Madre de Dios river, near Boca Manu Town

Gray-breasted Martin - Progne chalybea Two seen at Blanco lake and two more on the way to Puerto Maldonado

White-winged Swallow - Tachycineta albiventer Common at Madre de Dios river

WRENS (Troglodytidae) Scaly-breasted Wren - Microcerculus marginatus One seen at Amazonia Lodge and one more at Manu Wildlife Center

Gray-mantled Wren - Odontorchilus branickii Two seen at Cock of the rock lodge

House Wren - Troglodytes aedon Common. Many authors (e.g., Hellmayr 1934, Pinto 1944, Phelps & Phelps 1950a) formerly treated Neotropical mainland populations as a separate species T. musculus; see also Brumfield and Capparella (1996); this treatment was followed by Brewer (2001) and Kroodsma & Brewer (2005). The Falklands population, T. a. cobbi, is treated as a species (Wood 1993), as was done by Brewer (2001), Mazar Barnett & Pearman (2001), Jaramillo (2003), and Kroodsma & Brewer (2005);

Mountain Wren - Troglodytes solstitialis Four seen at Pillahuata Water falls

RR Puna Wren - Cistothorus minimus Five seen at Acjanaco pass

Thrush-like Wren - Campylorhynchus turdinus Four seen at Amazonia lodge and two more at Manu Wildlife Center

RR Moustached Wren - Pheugopedius genibarbis One seen at Cock of the Rock lodge and heard in most sites

Gray-breasted Wood-Wren - Henicorhina leucophrys Two seen near Rocotal spot, common on the way to Cock of the Rock lodge

DIPPERS (Cinclidae) White-capped Dipper - Cinclus leucocephalus Two seen near Cock of the Rock lodge

THRUSHES (Turdidae) Andean Solitaire - Myadestes ralloides One seen at Rocotal spot, one more at Cock of the Rock lodge

Hauxwell's Thrush - Turdus hauxwelli One seen at Cock of the rock lodge, and one more at Manu Wildlife Center. hauxwelli: In honor of John Hauxwell (fl. 1868) English collector in Peru and Brazil. Creamy-bellied Thrush - Turdus amaurochalinus One at Amazonia lodge and one more at Manu Wildlife Center Black-billed Thrush - Turdus ignobilis Common in lowland region

Great Thrush - Turdus fuscater Ten seen near acjanaco pass and common at Wayquecha Biological Station

Great Thrush

Chiguanco Thrush - Turdus chiguanco Common in highland region. Note that a detailed study of the Chiguanco/Great Thrush complex is needed to determine exactly how many species-level taxa exist. The name comes from the Quechua “Chiwanco”

Glossy-black Thrush - Turdus serranus Two seen near Pillahuata falls

Andean Slaty Thrush - Turdus nigriceps Two seen at Cock of the Rock lodge

Andean Slaty Thrush

White-necked Thrush - Turdus albicollis Two seen at Manu Wildlife Center

DONACOBIUS (Donacobiidae) Black-capped Donacobius - Donacobius atricapilla One seen at Villa Carmen, six at Camungo oxbow lake and few more at Blanco oxbow lake

TANAGER AND ALLIES (Thraupidae) Red-capped Cardinal - Paroaria gularis Seen several at Villa Carmen, common at Amazonia lodge and seen more at the Oxbow lakes near Manu Wildlife Center

Black-faced Tanager - Schistochlamys melanopis Two seen on the way to Puerto Maldonado

Magpie Tanager - Cissopis leverianus Two seen near Chontachaca Village, one at Villa Carmen and several more at lowland sites

Hooded Tanager - Nemosia pileata Two seen at Blanquillo Macaw Lick

RR Slaty Tanager - Creurgops dentatus Three seen at near Rocotal Spot, on the way to Cock of the rock lodge

Black-eared Hemispingus - Sphenopsis melanotis Five seen near Wayquecha Biological station and couple more near Cock of the rock lodge

Gray-hooded Bush Tanager - Cnemoscopus rubrirostris Two seen near Pillahuata water falls

Superciliaried Hemispingus - Thlypopsis superciliaris Six seen at Pillahuata water fall

RR Rust-and-yellow Tanager - Thlypopsis ruficeps Four seen near Wayquecha Biological station and ten more near Pillahuata water fall

Yellow-crested Tanager - Islerothraupis rufiventer One seen at the hillforest in Amazonia lodge

White-shouldered Tanager - Islerothraupis luctuosus Two seen at Camungo canopy tower

White-winged Shrike-Tanager - Lanio versicolor Three seen at Amazonia lodge and two more Manu Wildlife Center

Masked Crimson Tanager - Ramphocelus nigrogularis Common in Amazonia lodge

Silver-beaked Tanager - Ramphocelus carbo Common

Hooded Mountain-Tanager - Buthraupis montana About twelve seen near Acjanaco and ten more near Wayquecha Biological station

Grass-green Tanager - Chlorornis riefferii Four seen at Wayquecha Biological Station

Scarlet-bellied Mountain-Tanager - Anisognathus igniventris Eleven seen near Wayquecha Biological Station

Yellow-throated Tanager - Iridosornis analis One seen near Rocotal Spot and couple more near Cock of the Rock lodge

RR Golden-collared Tanager - Iridosornis jelskii Four seen near Wayquecha Biological Station

Hooded Mountain-Tanager

Grass-green Tanager

Yellow-throated Tanager

Fawn-breasted Tanager - Pipraeidea melanonota Two seen near Pillahuata Waterfalls and two more near Rocotal, Also one at Manu Wildlife Center

Blue-and-yellow Tanager - Pipraeidea bonariensis Twenty seen at Huacarpay lake

Orange-eared Tanager - Chlorochrysa calliparaea Two seen near Rocotal spot and five more near Cock of the Rock lodge

Blue-gray Tanager - Thraupis episcopus episcopus Common

Golden-collared Tanager

Palm Tanager - Thraupis palmarum Common

Blue-capped Tanager - Thraupis cyanocephala About twelve seen at near Acjanaco and Wayquecha Biological Station

Spotted Tanager - Ixothraupis punctata One seen near Rocotal spot and several more at Cock of the Rock lodge

Golden-naped Tanager - Tangara ruficervix One seen near Pillahuata falls, on the way to Cock of the Rock lodge

Spotted Tanager

Blue-capped Tanager

Blue-necked Tanager - Tangara cyanicollis Common at Cock of the Rock lodge and near Chontachaca village

Blue-and-black Tanager - Tangara vassorii Four seen near Pillahuata waterfalls

Beryl-spangled Tanager - Tangara nigroviridis Four seen near Pillahuata waterfall and several more near Cock of the Rock lodge

Turquoise Tanager - Tangara mexicana About three seen at Amazonia lodge. Not found in Mexico!

Paradise Tanager - Tangara chilensis Common in most of mixed species flocks in lowland. Not found in Chile

Beryl-spangled Tanager

Paradise Tanager

Opal-crowned Tanager - Tangara callophrys One seen at Camungo canopy tower

Golden-eared Tanager - Tangara chrysotis Two near Rocotal spot and five more at Cock of the Rock lodge

Golden-eared Tanager

Saffron-crowned Tanager - Tangara xanthocephala Five seen at Cock of the Rock lodge. Here the subspecies has an orange not saffron crown

Green-and-gold Tanager - Tangara schrankii Five seen at Amazonia and one more at Manu Wildlife Center. Tangara: Tupí name, Tangara= dancer, one who turns and skips, originally used for the manakins, but subsequently

(Marcgrave 1648) transferred to other bright finch-like birds. schrankii: In honor of Prof. Franz von Paula Schrank (1747-1835) German theologian, botanist, entomologist, collector

Swallow-Tanager - Tersina viridis Two seen at Villa Carmen and and one more at Manu Wildlife Center

Black-faced Dacnis - Dacnis lineata One seen near Cock of the Rock lodge and five more at Amazonia lodge, also two at Manu Wildlife Center

Yellow-bellied Dacnis - Dacnis flaviventer One at Camungo canopy tower

Blue Dacnis - Dacnis cayana Two seen on the way to Chontachaca and four more at Villa Carmen Biological Station

Purple Honeycreeper - Cyanerpes caeruleus Two seen near Cock of the Rock lodge, three at Amazonia and one at Manu Wildlife Center

Green Honeycreeper - Chlorophanes spiza One seen near Chontachaca village

Chestnut-vented Conebill - Conirostrum speciosum Two seen at Villa Carmen

Cinereous Conebill - Conirostrum cinereum One at Huacarpay lake and three more on the way to Paucartambo

RR White-browed Conebill - Conirostrum ferrugineiventre One seen near Acjanaco pass

Capped Conebill - Conirostrum albifrons Four seen near Pillahuata waterfall

Rusty Flowerpiercer - Diglossa sittoides One seen at Huacarpay lake

Deep-blue Flowerpiercer - Diglossa glauca One near Wayquecha Biological Station and two more at Cock of the Rock lodge

RR Moustached Flowerpiercer - Diglossa mystacalis Four seen at Acjanaco pass

Black-throated Flowerpiercer - Diglossa brunneiventris Four seen at Acjanaco pass and three more near Wayquecha Biological Station

Masked Flowerpiercer - Diglossa cyanea Twenty near Wayquecha Biological Station and common on the way down to Cock of the Rock lodge

Moustached Flowerpiercer

Black-throated Flowerpiercer

Masked Flowerpiercer

RR Peruvian Sierra-Finch - Phrygilus punensis Twelve seen at Huacarpay lake and ten more on the way to Paucartambo

Mourning Sierra-Finch - Phrygilus fruticeti One seen at Huacarpay lake

Ash-breasted Sierra-Finch - Phrygilus plebejus Four seen on the way to Paucartambo town

E Chestnut-breasted Mountain-Finch - Poospizopsis caesar One seen on the way to Paucartambo town

Saffron Finch - Sicalis flaveola Two seen near Puerto Maldonado

Yellow-bellied Seedeater - Sporophila nigricollis One seen on the way down to Chontachaca

Slate-colored Seedeater - Sporophila schistacea One seen near Villa Carmen Biological Station

Double-collared Seedeater - Sporophila caerulescens Two seen at Madre de Dios River and few more at Manu Wildlife Center. Common in lowland open habitats

Chestnut-bellied Seedeater - Sporophila castaneiventris One seen near Chontachaca village and one more near Puerto Maldonado

Chestnut-bellied Seed-Finch - Sporophila angolensis One seen near Villa Carmen and two more at Blanquillo Macaw lick, and one more at blanco oxbow lake

Buff-throated Saltator - Saltator maximus Four seen at Cock of the Rock lodge and couple more at Villa Carmen, one more at Amazonia lodge and Manu Wildlife Center. Klicka et al. (2007) found strong genetic support for a sister relationship between Saltator and core Thraupidae. Sushkin (1924) proposed that Saltator was thraupine, not emberizine/cardinaline. SACC proposal passed to transfer Saltator from Cardinalidae to Incertae Sedis. SACC proposal to transfer to Thraupidae did not pass. Barker et al. (2013) found that Saltator and Saltatricula were embedded in the Thraupidae. SACC proposal passed to transfer to Thraupidae. Chavez et al. (2013) found that relationships within the genus are not consistent with the current linear sequence of species. SACC proposal passed to revise linear sequence.

Buff-throated Saltator

Golden-billed Saltator - Saltator aurantiirostris Four seen at Huacarpay and four more on the way to Acjanaco pass

Band-tailed Seedeater - Catamenia analis Thirty seen at Huacarpay lake and twenty more on the way to Paucartambo town

Bananaquit - Coereba flaveola Common at Cock of the Rock and, Villa Carmen and Amazonia Lodge

SPARROWS (Emberizidae) Rufous-collared Sparrow - Zonotrichia capensis Very common in highland region

Yellow-browed Sparrow - Ammodramus aurifrons Common in lowland region

Yellow-browed Sparrow

RR Black-faced Brushfinch - Atlapetes melanolaemus Common at Wayquecha Biological Station. The Atlapetes genus has been completely revamped based on bio-chemical data and work done at Copenhagen Field Museum. Formerly considered part of Rufous-naped Brush-Finch complex A. rufinucha. Atlapetes melanolaemus was formerly (Hellmayr 1938, Paynter 1970a, Meyer de Schauensee 1970, Ridgely & Tudor 1989, Sibley & Monroe 1990) considered a subspecies of A. rufinucha but see García-Moreno & Fjeldså (1999).

Common Chlorospingus - Chlorospingus flavopectus Four seen near Pillahuata waterfalls and couple more near Rocotal spot Genetic data (REFS, Burns et al. 2002, 2003) indicate the genus Chlorospingus is not a member of the Thraupidae, but (Klicka et al. 2007) a member of the Emberizidae. SACC proposal passed to transfer to Emberizidae. Barker et al. (2013) further confirmed the placement of the genus with the New World sparrows. Frank Pitelka (in Tordoff 1954a) long ago noted the emberizine-like behavior of Chlorospingus. SACC proposal passed to change English names of the species in the genus from “Bush-Tanager” to “Chlorospingus”.

Black-faced Brushfinch

Common Chlorospingus

Short-billed Chlorospingus - Chlorospingus parvirostris Eight seen near Pillahuata waterfalls and couple more near Rocotal spot, also at Cock of the Rock lodge

Yellow-throated Chlorospingus - Chlorospingus flavigularis Six seen near Cock of the Rock lodge

CARDINALS GROSBEAKS (Cardinalidae) White-winged Tanager - Piranga leucoptera Two seen at Cock of the rock lodge

Red-crowned Ant-Tanager - Habia rubica Five seen at Manu Wildlife Center

Carmiol's Tanager - Chlorothraupis carmioli One seen at Amazonia lodge. Chlorothraupis: Gr. Khloros= green and thraupis= unknown small bird, perhaps some sort of finch. carmioli: Franz Carmiol (born Franz Grasneck) (fl. 1868) German immigrant, son of Julian Carmiol, resident and collector in Costa Rica.

Black-backed Grosbeak - Pheucticus aureoventris aureoventris One seen on the way to Paucartambo and two more near Wayquecha Biological Station

Black-backed Grosbeak female

Rothchild´s Grosbeak – Cyanocompsa rothchildii* One heard only at Amazonia Lodge

NEW WORLD WARBLERS (Parulidae) Tropical Parula - Parula pitiayumi Two seen near Cock of the Rock lodge

Buff-rumped Warbler - Myiothlypis fulvicauda One seen at Villa Carmen and one more at Amazonia Lodge

Russet-crowned Warbler - Myiothlypis coronate One seen near Cock of the Rock lodge

Two-banded Warbler - Myiothlypis bivittatus Common at Cock of the Rock lodge

Two-banded Warbler

RR Three-striped (Yungas) Warbler - Basileuterus (punctipectus) tristriatus Two seen near Wayquecha, after tunnels Gutiérrez-Pinto et al (2012) found that broadly defined Basileuterus tristriatus consists of 10 distinct clades, one of which is B. trifasciatus, which is the sister group to B. tristriatus tacarcunae of the Darién. Donegan (2014) provided evidence that the Bolivian punctipectus group (including canens) should be treated as a separate species.

Slate-throated (Whitestart) Redstart - Myioborus miniatus Six seen near Pillahuata waterfall and few more near Cock of the Rock lodge

Slate-throated (Whitestart) Redstart

Spectacled (Whitestart) Redstart - Myioborus melanocephalus Ten seen Six seen near Pillahuata waterfall

OROPENDOLAS, ORIOLES AND BLACKBIRDS (Icteridae) Russet-backed Oropendola - Psarocolius angustifrons Common in lowland region

RR Dusky-green Oropendola - Psarocolius atrovirens Four seen near Rocotal and few more near Cock of the Rock lodge

Crested Oropendola - Psarocolius decumanus Several seen at Amazonia lodge and couple more at Manu Wildlife Center

Russet-backed Oropendola

Crested Oropendola

Olive Oropendola - Psarocolius bifasciatus Four seen at Amazonia Lodge seven more at Manu Wildlife Center

Solitary Black Cacique - Cacicus solitarius Only heard at Amazonia lodge

Yellow-rumped Cacique - Cacicus cela Common in Lowland region

(Southern) Mountain Cacique - Cacicus chrysonotus Five seen near Wayquecha Biological station

The northern (leucoramphus) and southern (chrysonotus) groups of subspecies were treated as separate species by Blake (1968b), but most classifications have treated them as a single species (e.g., Hellmayr 1937, Meyer de Schauensee 1966, 1970, Ridgely & Tudor 1989, Fjeldså & Krabbe 1990; and usually as Cacicus leucoramphus, an error, because chrysonotus has priority) because specimens near the contact zone show some signs of gene flow (Hellmayr 1937, Bond 1953). However, see Jaramillo & Burke (1999) for possible reasons for ranking them as species; this was followed by Ridgely & Greenfield (2001), Hilty (2003), and Fraga (2011). Powell et al. (2014) found that the two were deeply divergent genetically, more so than some Cacicus treated as species, but did not sample populations anywhere near the contact zone. SACC proposal to treat leucoramphus as a separate species did not pass. Hosner et al. (2015b) found evidence for intergradation between the taxa in Ayacucho, Peru.

Casqued Cacique - Cacicus oseryi One seen at Amazonia lodge and one more at Manu Wildlife Center

Epaulet Oriole - Icterus cayanensis Two seen near Chontachaca village

Orange-backed Troupial - Icterus croconotus One seen near Chontachaca Village

RR Pale-eyed Blackbird - Agelasticus xanthophthalmus Six seen at camungo oxbow lake and four more at Blanco oxbow lake

Yellow-winged Blackbird - Agelasticus thilius About ten seen at Huacarpay lake

Giant Cowbird - Molothrus oryzivorus Common in lowland region

FINCHES (Fringillidae) Hooded Siskin - Sporagra magellanica Eight seen at huacarpay lake and thirty more on the way to Paucartambo town

Golden-bellied (White-lored) Euphonia - Euphonia chrysopasta Two seen at Manu Wildlife Center

Bronze-green Euphonia - Euphonia mesochrysa Five seen at Cock of the Rock lodge

White-vented Euphonia - Euphonia minuta Four seen at Pastora port, near Puerto Maldonado

Orange-bellied Euphonia - Euphonia xanthogaster Six to more seen at Cock of the Rock lodge, also at Villa Carmen and Amazonia lodge

Rufous-bellied Euphonia - Euphonia rufiventris One seen at Manu Wildlife Center

Orange-bellied Euphonia

THE MAMMALS

ANTEATERS Giant Anteater – Myrmecophaga tridactyla Only footprints at Manu Wildlife Center

ARMADILLOS Giant Armadillo – Priodontes maximus Only holes and burrows at Manu Wildlife Center

Nine-banded Armadillo – Dsypus novemcinctus Only holes and burrows at Manu Wildlife Center

MARMOSETS Weddell´s Saddle-back Tamarin – Saguinus weddelli Ten seen at Manu Wildlife Center

MONKEYS Black-headed Night Monkey – Aotus nigriceps Two seen at Villa Carmen

Toppin’s Titi Monkey – Callicebus toppini Four seen near Puerto Maldonado

E Urubamba Titi Monkey – Callicebus urubambensis ENDANGERED One seen at Amazonia lodge

Bolivian Black-capped Squirrel Monkey – Saimiri boliviensis Twelve seen at Amazonia lodge and more at Manu Wildlife Center

Large-headed Cappuchin – Cebus macrocephalus Four seen at Manu Wildlife Center

Shock-headed Cappuchin – Cebus cuscinus Three seen at Amazonia lodge and six more at Manu Wildlife Center

Red Howler Monkey – Alouatta seniculus Three seen at Manu Wildlife Center

Tschudi´s Wooly Monkey – Lagothrix lagothricha tschudi Four near Rocotal spot and twelve more near Cock of the Rock lodge ENDANGERED

Black Spider Monkey – Ateles chamek Twelve seen at Manu Wildlife Center ENDANGERED

RACCOON FAMILY Tayra – Eira Barbara One seen at Cock of the Rock lodge

Giant Otter – Pteronura brasilensis Six seen at blanco oxbow lake ENDANGERED

CATS Jaguar – Pantera onca Only footprints seen at Amazonia lodge

Ocelot with a Red-and-green Macaw

Ocelot – Loopardus pardalis Hunting at Blanquilo macaw lick

TAPIRS Lowland Tapir – Tapirus terrestris Footprints seen at Amazonia lodge and Vanessa at Manu Wildlife Center

PECARRIES Collared Peccary – Tayassu tajacu Only smells at Villa Carmen

DEER Common Red Brocket – Mazama Americana One seen at Amazonia Lodge

SQUIRRELS Southern Amazon Red Squirrel – Sciurus spadaceus Two seen at Manu Wildlife Center

Bolivian’s Squirrel – Sciurus sanborni Couple seen at Cock of the Rock lodge

Bolivian’s Squirrel

LARGE AND SMALL RODENTS Montane Guinea Pig – Cavia tschudi Three seen at Huacarpay lake

Capybara – Hydrochaeris hydrochaeris Eight seen at Madre de Dios river, near Manu Wildlife Center

Brown Agouti – Dasyprocta variegate Two at Cock of the Rock lodge and one more at Manu Wildlife Center

Amazon Bamboo Rat – Dactylomys boliviensis Heard only at Manu Wildlife Center

BATS Long-nosed Bat – Rhynchonycteris naso Twenty seen at Blanco oxbow lake

REPTILES AND AMPHIBIANS Black Caiman – Melanosuchus niger One seen at Blanco Oxbow lake

White Caiman – Caiman crocodilus One seen at Amazonia lodge and one more at Madre de Dios river near Manu Wildlife Center

Side-necked Turtle – Podocnemis unifilis Common along the Madre de Dios river

Amazon Race Runner – Ameima ameiva Few at Amazonia lodge and Manu Wildlife Center

Crested Toad – Rinella ssp. One at Amazonia lodge and one more at Manu Wildlife Center

Common Mussarana – Clelia clelia One seen at Manu Wildlife Center

Collared Tree Lizard - Plica plica One seen at Manu Wildlife Center

References and Literatures: - Thomas S. Schulenberg, Douglas F. Stotz, Daniel F. Lane, John P. O´Neill and Theodore A. Parker III. Birds of Peru (Revised and Update Edition). Princeton University Press. New Jersey. USA. 2010. - Louise H. Emmons. Neotropical Rainforest Mammals (A field Guide). The University of Chicago Press. Chicago. USA. 1990.

MORE PHOTOS

Masked Trogon female

Collared Trogon eggs photo by Richard Amable

Clearwing

Many-spotted Hummingbird (Left) and Violet-fronted Brilliant female (Right)

Paradise Tanager

Speckled Chachalaca

Chontachaca overlook 1400mts, near Cock of the Rock lodge photo by Richard

Amable

Bamboo (Guadua sp) habitat 1150mts photo by Richard Amable

Madre de Dios river near Amazonia Lodge photo by Richard Amable

Bus crew for highland region photo by Richard Amable

Boat crew for lowland and river rides photo by Richard Amable

-

Cabin at Manu Wildlife Centre