DR.R.N.S.GOWDA Former Vice Chancellor,

KVAFSU, Bidar.

&

Ex-Director

INSTITUTE OF ANIMAL HEALTH

AND VETERINARY BIOLOGICALS

HEBBAL,BANGALORE-560024

INDIA

Poultry Farming

A dynamic Agribusiness

Fast adoptable

Renumarative

Helps in food security of the

country

BUT WHAT IS HAPPANING IN THE POULTRY

INDUSTRY TODAY ?

Transformation of poultry husbandry to industry and integrations.

Manipulation of marketing strategies- to face ever - narrowing profit margins

Leads to compromise in management, nutrition and health coverage

Multi age groups and increasing density of flocks and

Closeness of farms in a given area

ISSUES DEFINING BIOSECURITY TODAY &

TOMORROW

Bird perform better than ever because of good genetic potentiality and nutrition but their immune system has not necessasarly followed the same trend.

Discovery of newer immunosuppressive agents and Mycotoxinsand their prevention.

problems and losses due to infectious diseases like-ND,IB, IBD, MD, IBH,etc.

Human health concern -consumers now demanding risk free & safe food

EVALUTION OF FLOCK HEALTH

DEPENDS ON

The number of farms in the area

presence of endemic and epidemic

diseases

Application of biosecurity programmes

adopted to separate farm circumstances

WHAT ARE THE MAJOR DISEASES OF POULTRY

CONCERN TODAY ?

BACTERIAL : E.coli, Salmonella ,coryza,

fowl cholera & Mycoplasma

VIRAL : Ranikhet, Gumbaro ( IBD),

IBH/HHS Marek`s. IB & REO

FUNGAL : Aspergillosis .

Candidiosis.

PROTOZOAN : Coccidiosis.

HOW CAN WE RESPOND ?

Use of antibiotics is not a solution for

solving the problem -Drug resistance.

Vaccine development takes time and no

use on variants by a single vaccine

Therefore

GO BACK TO BASICS

CLEANLINESS IS THE KEYWORD

HACCP at Farm level

HACCP at Feed mill

HACCP at Water management

SANITATION AND BIOSECURITY IS THE

ANSWER !

WHY BIOSECURITY IS ESSENTIAL ?

Management helps good performance.

Nutrition helps to maintain the life, and

health for production.

Medication and Vaccination helps in

prevention of some disease to some extent..

But, A GOOD “SANITATION/ BIO-

SECURITY PROGRAMME ”is a vital factor

for disease prevention”

WHAT IS BIOSECURITY ?

Measures and Methods adopted to stop entry of disease organisms in to the farm.

A method to secure a disease free environment in the farm.

A method of production and profitability through disease control programmes.

WHAT IS BIOSECURITY ?

BIOSECRITY IS INFORMED

COMMON SENSE to avoid germs.

“ NOT BRING THE GERMS TO BIRDS OR

NOT BRING POULTRY TO GERMS”.

Top Biosecurity measures to break the chain

of infection

Transmission

Infectious agents

Removing susceptible host - All - in - All- out - Vaccination - Down time

Sanitation - Buildings

- People

Pest

control

People

Equipment

Traffic control

Communication

Audits,Education & Regional networking

HOW DO DISEASES SPREAD FROM

BIRD TO BIRD ?

BIRD WITHDISEASE

Exhaled airInfected eggs

Litter/Droppings

Feathers/DandruffInfectedbirds

Dead birds

WHAT IS THE MODE OF SPREAD OF

DISEASE ?

Vertical spread :

-Trans - ovarian transmission From – “EGG-to-CHICK”

Horizontal spread :

a) Vectors

- Flies, BeetlesRodents

- Inanimate objects: Equipments,Faecal matter,

Feathers & Dandruff

b) Nutritional - Feed and Water

WHY DO WE NEED BIOSECURITY ?

To reduce the infections -”Freedom from disease”

To avoid environmental pathogen challenge

To reduce morbidity & mortality

To improve good feed conversion

To boost good growth rate and production

To reduce cost of production

To reduce cost of medication

“BLOCK THE BUG BEFORE

IT BUGS YOR FLOCK”

Principle of Biosecurity:

Bio security programs require

Planning

Locating resources

Implementation

Control

Location resources

planning

Implementation Control

CYCLE OF MANAGEMENT

Three important factors in

Biosecurity are :

1-Conceptual Biosecurity

2- Structural Biosecurity

3-Operational Biosecurity

OPERATIONNAL

CONCEPTUAL

HIERARCHY OF BIOSECURITY

STRUCTURAL

1

2

3

1. CONCEPTUAL BIOSECUTRY

Location of the complex in relation to

concentrations of poultry of the same or

different species.

Distance between breeder and growing

units -hatcheries, feed mills, processing

plants/packing units etc.

DISTANCE BETWEEN SHEDS

500

200

200

300

100

400 1000

DENSITY OF ORGANISMAS

DISTANCE IN MTS

100 50

CONCEPTUAL BIOSECUTRY

Location of major or minor roads and the

movement of commercial and back yard

poultry.

Proximity of large lakes,tanks and rivers---

------migratory flyways

Location of multi age farms-laying units

2. STRUCTURAL BIOSECURITY

Fence the farm area to prevent

trespass

Fencing of house area with

secured gates.

Decontamination area for vehicles

and foot wear.

STRUCTURAL BIOSECURITY

Proper store for feed-vermin free storage.

Bird and rodent proofing housing

Concrete flooring for proper cleaning.

Separate feed,litter and equipment

storage area away from live-birds.

3. OPERATIONAL BIOSECURITY

Remove the litter and manure from the shed

wash flooring with plain water

sprinkle caustic soda flakes on the floor@1kg/100sq.ft

Soak caustic soda with water and spread it all over the flooring area and leave it for 3-4hours

OPERATIONAL BIOSECURITY

Wash the roof, beams. trusses, cages,side

walls,curtains and all accessories inside the

shed with jet of plain water -(hot water is

preferable)

Wash the shed with2%solution of washing

soda(2kgs/100lit.water)

Use a suitable disinfectant to clean the

floor.

OPERATIONAL BIOSECURTY

Use the flame gun to clean the shed

wash all the accessories like

feeders,waterers,brooders with jet of

water and then with washing soda solution

. -use of a

disinfectant is recommended

sun dry all equipments

OPERATIONAL BIOSECURTY

Apply white wash to the shed

inside -use one part of lime and three parts

of bleaching powder.

place new bedding-paddy

husk,wood shavings,maize cob

powder for deep litter.

place all accessories like waterers,

feeders,brooders in their places.

OPERATIONAL BIOSECURTY

Cover the shed with curtains and

spray the disinfectant to words

ceiling-”Environmental spray”

FUMIGATION: 2Kgs of potassium

permanganate with 4liters of formalin for 1000

Sft.of shed area.

Keep the shed closed and covered

OPERATIONAL BIOSECURTY-6

For “GUMBORO “affected area /

sheds a final spray of -X-185,- 4

ml/litre of water chloramine-T need

to be sprayed.

OPERATIONAL BIOSECURTY

For automatic watering systems -remove

all water from pipes and flush the pipes

with a descaler cum disinfectant solution

need to be applied.

Then Flush the system with plain water.

DISINFECTION

VIRAL CHALLENGE

BACTERIALCHALLENGE

BACTERIAL CHALLENGE

COCCIDIAL CHALLENGE

EXCESSIVE FIELD CHALLENGE

VIRUS, BACTERIA, FUNGUS, PROTOZOA.

Field Challenges ?

WHAT TYPES OF DISINFECTION ARE

TO BE FOLLOWED ?

TERMINAL DISINFECTION

CONTINUOUS DISINFECTION

CHICKS PLACEMENTS

LIFTING OF BIRDS

DRYCLEANING

EQUIPMENT CLEANING

WATER WASHING

DISINFECTION-IPLACEMENT OF EQUIPMENTS

DISINFECTION-II

FOOT DIPSWHEEL DIPS

TERMINALDISINFECTION

CONTINUOUS DISINFECTION

Practice of disinfection at regular

intervals.

Drinking water sanitation

During disease outbreaks.

DRINKING WATER SANITATION

Source of water is important

Water from open well, surface bore wells,

river,pond needs treatment

-0.01%Iodine solution,low dilutions of

Sodium hypochlorite, Coccobenzyl dimethyl

ammonium chloride and Glutaraldehyde,

-Chlorine ,Bleaching powder etc.

Well guarded water supply -Chorination level

of not more than2ppm.

DURING DISEASE OUTBREAKS

Sanitation of entire farm

disinfection of poultry sheds

Sanitation of all equipments

sanitation of any material entering and

exit in the farm

spray of disinfectant on the birds

LITTER DISPOSAL

Removal of litter, faecal matter ,debris,

feathers and dispose away from the

poultry premises.

Treat the litter with larvecide insecticides.

Use organic matter for Proper composting

manure making or production of bio gas.

Avoid use of litter as manure around

poultry farm.

BIOSECRITY OF SURROUNDINGS

Cleanup thoroughly six feet around the

buildings

Remove all the vegetation, organic matter-

litter,feathers,debris and decaying material

Provide proper drainage to avoid water

pools.damps or marshy areas

Cut off wild growth of trees,grass etc. to

avoid perching of wild birds

SURVIVABILITY OF MICRO- ORGANISMS IN

THE ENVIRONMENT

Bursal disease -Months Avian Influenza -Days to weeks Maek’s disease -Weeks New Castle disease -Days to weeks Laryngotracheitis -Days Duck plague -Days Fowl cholera -Weeks Fowl coryza -Hours to days Salmonellosis -Weeks Mycoplasma -Hours to days Coccidiosis -Months

ORGANISMS TO BE CONTROLLED

BACTERIAL

-Salmonella pullorum -white diarrhea

-Salmonella galinarum -Fowl typhoid

-S.enteritidis -Gastroenteritis

-S.typhi murium -Typhoid

-Eschericha Coli, Aerobic bacilli, Staphylococci, Pseudomonas, Infectious Coryza & Fowl Cholera

-MYCOPLASMAL INFECTIONS -MG,MS,MI etc.

FUNGAL -Aspergillus fumigates, - -Candidiosis

ORGANISMS TO BE CONTROLLED

VIRAL

-Infectious bursal disease

-Ranikhet disease

-Infectious bronchitis

-Marek`s diseas

-Adeno-viral infections

-HPS,IBH& EDS

-REO-viral infections

CONTROL POINTS AT FARM LEVEL

Bio-security of the farm

Bio-security of the flock

Terminal clean outs and disinfection between

the flocks

Drinking water sanitation

Feed sanitation

Standard vaccination schedules

Flock health monitoring

DISINECTING POULTRY HOUSES DISINECTANTS

Quaterinary Ammonium compounds

Iodophores

Phenols

Formaldihyde

REMARKS

-Mild detergents- hard water

& high organic matter

decrease it`s efficiency

-Stains equipment-organic

matter & pH interfere with

efficiency

-Resistant to organic

matter,less effective on

virus

-Very effective on all

organisms

FORMALDEHYDE FUMIGATION FOR 100 Cft

STRENGTH FORMALIN

( IN ML)

POTASSIUM

PERMANGANATE

(In grams)

1 X 40 20

2 X 80 40

3 X 120 60

5 X 200 100

FORMALDEHYDE FUMIGATION,CONCENTRATIONS AND

RECOMONDATIONS

Fumigation of Conc.of

fumigant

Minimum time of

fumigationHatching eggs

immediately after they

are laid

3 X 20 minutes

Egg incubator 2 X 30 minutes

Incubator room 1-2 X 30 minutes

Hatcher between

hatches

3 X 30 minutes

Hatcher and chick

room between hatchers

3X 30 minutes

Sexig area &Hatcher

and chick room

3X 30 minutes

Chick boxea, pads and 5X 30 minutes

trucks

Effective against poultry

pathogens

Disease

organism

Aldehydes Chlorine Iodophore Quats Phenol Peroxide

Viruses ++ ++ +/- + + ++

Bacteria + ++ + + ++ +

B.spores + - - - - -

Fungus ++ - + + + +

Parasites - - - - - -

SUMMERY

Biosecurity should be thought out, planned and implemented in a wider perspective.

Operational procedures are to be properly documented and communicated to each and every employee,so that they are implemented strictly.

Proper understanding and communication of biosecurity is very vital

THANKS

for

YOUR TIME

and

NOW YOUR TIME FOR

QUESTIONS ?