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Page 1: Bioremediation (1) - UFZ · Bioremediation: A Bugs Life! Microorganisms….but don’t forget the plants (Bacteria) are the „Key players“ in BIOREMEDIATION: ubiquitary occurence!

Bioremediation (1)

1

Page 2: Bioremediation (1) - UFZ · Bioremediation: A Bugs Life! Microorganisms….but don’t forget the plants (Bacteria) are the „Key players“ in BIOREMEDIATION: ubiquitary occurence!

Bioremediation (1):

Microbiological Basics

Literatur:

F.H. Chapelle

Groundwater-Microbiology and Geochemistry

Central Questions:

- Why works in situ-BIOREMEDIATION always?

- Which role play organic contaminants?

2

Page 3: Bioremediation (1) - UFZ · Bioremediation: A Bugs Life! Microorganisms….but don’t forget the plants (Bacteria) are the „Key players“ in BIOREMEDIATION: ubiquitary occurence!

Bioremediation: A Bugs Life!

….but don’t forget the plants Microorganisms (Bacteria) are the „Key players“ in

BIOREMEDIATION: ubiquitary occurence!

Page 4: Bioremediation (1) - UFZ · Bioremediation: A Bugs Life! Microorganisms….but don’t forget the plants (Bacteria) are the „Key players“ in BIOREMEDIATION: ubiquitary occurence!

Innovative Reactive Barrier Technologies for Regionally Contaminated Aquifers

- Sessile Bacteria colonies

- near main flow pathes

- wander to ED + EA-gradients

4

Page 5: Bioremediation (1) - UFZ · Bioremediation: A Bugs Life! Microorganisms….but don’t forget the plants (Bacteria) are the „Key players“ in BIOREMEDIATION: ubiquitary occurence!

Cfu (g-1

sediment)

100 101 102 103 104 105 106

Dep

th [

m]

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

22

24

26

28

30

32

34

36

38

40

42

44

46

48

50

Aerobic bacteria (R2A agar)

Anaerobic bacteria (TSI agar)

Quarternary aquifer

Lignite seam

Tertiary aquifer

Bacterial colonization of the subsurface at the test site (SAFBIT 1/97 and 2/97)

even though oxygen(EA) is not present,

the aerob degradation pathway can be used!

important for oxygen-Injection 5

Page 6: Bioremediation (1) - UFZ · Bioremediation: A Bugs Life! Microorganisms….but don’t forget the plants (Bacteria) are the „Key players“ in BIOREMEDIATION: ubiquitary occurence!

Perchlorate - Degrading Bacteria

6

Page 7: Bioremediation (1) - UFZ · Bioremediation: A Bugs Life! Microorganisms….but don’t forget the plants (Bacteria) are the „Key players“ in BIOREMEDIATION: ubiquitary occurence!

Bioremediation: A Bugs Life!

….but don’t forget the plants Energy- and metabolism processes of microorganisms:

What is the energy source?

Redox-Processes Energy sources!

7

Page 8: Bioremediation (1) - UFZ · Bioremediation: A Bugs Life! Microorganisms….but don’t forget the plants (Bacteria) are the „Key players“ in BIOREMEDIATION: ubiquitary occurence!

e-

Cl- + O2

Biomass + CO2 Substrate (C-Quelle)

ClO4-

NO3-

O2

Example: Biological Perchlorate Degradation

Electron donors

e.g. all organic

contaminants (BTEX)

Electron acceptors

Energy gain through electron transfer

from Electron donor to Electron acceptor

ED: Plus-Pol

EA: Minus-Pol

8

Page 9: Bioremediation (1) - UFZ · Bioremediation: A Bugs Life! Microorganisms….but don’t forget the plants (Bacteria) are the „Key players“ in BIOREMEDIATION: ubiquitary occurence!

Bioremediation:

Processes and Tools

- Basic course 1: Redox-Chemistry

9

Page 10: Bioremediation (1) - UFZ · Bioremediation: A Bugs Life! Microorganisms….but don’t forget the plants (Bacteria) are the „Key players“ in BIOREMEDIATION: ubiquitary occurence!

- Basic course 1: Redox-Chemistry

1. Redox processes?

2. Oxidation and Reduction ?

3. Determine electron donor and acceptor with the help

of the Partial charge concept (PCC)!

Redox-Processes energy sources

10

Page 11: Bioremediation (1) - UFZ · Bioremediation: A Bugs Life! Microorganisms….but don’t forget the plants (Bacteria) are the „Key players“ in BIOREMEDIATION: ubiquitary occurence!

11

Page 12: Bioremediation (1) - UFZ · Bioremediation: A Bugs Life! Microorganisms….but don’t forget the plants (Bacteria) are the „Key players“ in BIOREMEDIATION: ubiquitary occurence!

O2

H2O

Den

itrif

icati

on

Perc

hlo

rate

Red

uct

ion

ClO4 NO3 CO2 SO4

N2 H2S CH4 Cl-

+ 800 - 250

Redox (millivolts)

Electron

Donor

Energy gain through electron transfer

from electron donor to electron acceptor

0

Klausur: Apply the PCC for all Redox-Pairs: EA?, ED?

C6H6

12

Page 13: Bioremediation (1) - UFZ · Bioremediation: A Bugs Life! Microorganisms….but don’t forget the plants (Bacteria) are the „Key players“ in BIOREMEDIATION: ubiquitary occurence!

„Current“ = electron transport from electron donor (ED) to

electron acceptor (EA) like a battery

Redox-Potential-Difference determines the „Current“, that

means how fast the organic contaminant (ED) will be degradaded

necessary for microbial degradation: Minus-Pole (EA)

Limiting Factor: Absence of EA‘s (e.g. Oxygen)

13

Page 14: Bioremediation (1) - UFZ · Bioremediation: A Bugs Life! Microorganisms….but don’t forget the plants (Bacteria) are the „Key players“ in BIOREMEDIATION: ubiquitary occurence!

Redox potential decreases!

? mV ? mV

? mV

Which Redox-Potential (voltage) measure

the Redox-electrodes? 14

Redox-Zonation in a contaminated aquifer

Page 15: Bioremediation (1) - UFZ · Bioremediation: A Bugs Life! Microorganisms….but don’t forget the plants (Bacteria) are the „Key players“ in BIOREMEDIATION: ubiquitary occurence!

O2

H2O

Den

itrif

icati

on

Perc

hlo

rate

Red

uct

ion

ClO4 NO3 CO2 SO4

N2 H2S CH4 Cl-

+ 800 - 250

Redox (millivolts)

Electron

Donor

Energy gain through electron transfer

from electron donor to electron acceptor

0

Klausur: Apply the PCC for all Redox-Pairs: EA?, ED?

C6H6

15

Page 16: Bioremediation (1) - UFZ · Bioremediation: A Bugs Life! Microorganisms….but don’t forget the plants (Bacteria) are the „Key players“ in BIOREMEDIATION: ubiquitary occurence!

Redox-Zonation in a pure, uncontaminated aquifer

Recharge

Redox potential decreases!

? mV

? mV

? mV ? mV

? mV

16

Task: Determine the potential!

Page 17: Bioremediation (1) - UFZ · Bioremediation: A Bugs Life! Microorganisms….but don’t forget the plants (Bacteria) are the „Key players“ in BIOREMEDIATION: ubiquitary occurence!

Energy gain through reductive Dechlorination:

PCE + H2 TCE + Cl- + H+

EA, ED ?

17

Page 18: Bioremediation (1) - UFZ · Bioremediation: A Bugs Life! Microorganisms….but don’t forget the plants (Bacteria) are the „Key players“ in BIOREMEDIATION: ubiquitary occurence!

18

Page 19: Bioremediation (1) - UFZ · Bioremediation: A Bugs Life! Microorganisms….but don’t forget the plants (Bacteria) are the „Key players“ in BIOREMEDIATION: ubiquitary occurence!

19

Page 20: Bioremediation (1) - UFZ · Bioremediation: A Bugs Life! Microorganisms….but don’t forget the plants (Bacteria) are the „Key players“ in BIOREMEDIATION: ubiquitary occurence!

20

𝑓𝐸𝐴,𝐸𝐷 ≡ 𝑈𝐹(𝐸𝐴, 𝐸𝐷) =𝑚𝐸𝐴

𝑚𝐸𝐷

HÜ8 (ÜA16, ÜA25)

BIOREM-Protokoll: Quantifizierung von Abbauprozessen

1. Feldsituation/Standort

2. Monitoring/Hypothesen

- Charakterisierung der Schadstoffquelle, Schadstofffahne

- Schadstoff, mögliche Abbauwege

3. Bilanzierung/Quantifizierung

3.1. Abbaupotenzial (BC) des GWL

- zentrale Frage: BC groß genug um Schadstoff abzubauen?

3.2. Abbau-Kinetik: Steady-State AD-Glg

3.3. Inverse Modellierung: - Bioremediation Ja/Nein?

- Schätzung der Abbaurate (kbio)

- Schätzung der Schadstoffmasse (C0)

3.4. BIOSCREEN alles in 2D!

Page 21: Bioremediation (1) - UFZ · Bioremediation: A Bugs Life! Microorganisms….but don’t forget the plants (Bacteria) are the „Key players“ in BIOREMEDIATION: ubiquitary occurence!

21

BioREM-Protokoll: 3.2. Abbaukinetik für Toluen und Benzen

Toluen

Benzen

Rote Kurve:

Kurven-Fit an Felddaten: Inverse Modelling

LAbbau

Page 22: Bioremediation (1) - UFZ · Bioremediation: A Bugs Life! Microorganisms….but don’t forget the plants (Bacteria) are the „Key players“ in BIOREMEDIATION: ubiquitary occurence!

Aerobic and anaerobic

degradation pathways

EA = oxygen aerobic degradation pathway (max. energy gain)

EA = Nitrat et al. anaerobic degradation pathway

22

Page 23: Bioremediation (1) - UFZ · Bioremediation: A Bugs Life! Microorganisms….but don’t forget the plants (Bacteria) are the „Key players“ in BIOREMEDIATION: ubiquitary occurence!

Bioremediation: A Bugs Life!

….but don’t forget the plants Aerobe und anaerobe Abbauwege für

typische organische Schadstoffe 23

Page 24: Bioremediation (1) - UFZ · Bioremediation: A Bugs Life! Microorganisms….but don’t forget the plants (Bacteria) are the „Key players“ in BIOREMEDIATION: ubiquitary occurence!

Strukturformeln

wichtiger org. Schadstoffe

= Elektronendonatoren

Skript

24

PCE, TCE,

DCE, VC

BTEX

MCB, DCB

MTBE

Page 25: Bioremediation (1) - UFZ · Bioremediation: A Bugs Life! Microorganisms….but don’t forget the plants (Bacteria) are the „Key players“ in BIOREMEDIATION: ubiquitary occurence!

Schadstoffhäufigkeit im Abstrom von Schadensfällen

60 50 40 30 20 10 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60

TCE

PCE

Dichlorethen (trans)

Trichlormethan

Dichlorethen (1,1)

Dichlormethan

Trichlorethan (1,1,1)

Dichlorethan (1,1)

Dichlorethan (1,2)

Phenol

Aceton

Toluol

Diethylhexylphthalat

Benzol

VinylchloridDeutschland USA

TCE

PCE

Dichlorethen (cis)

Benzol

Vinylchlorid

Trichlormethan

Trichlorethan (1,1,1)

Xylol

Dichlorethen (trans)

Toluol

Ethylbenzol

Dichlormethan

Dichlorbenzol

Chlorbenzol

Tetrachlormethan

Schadensfälle / % nach G. Teutsch, P. Grathwohl, 1997

25

Page 26: Bioremediation (1) - UFZ · Bioremediation: A Bugs Life! Microorganisms….but don’t forget the plants (Bacteria) are the „Key players“ in BIOREMEDIATION: ubiquitary occurence!

Grundwasserkontamination - Beispiel Bitterfeld

Jessnitz

Wolfen

Muldenstein

RossdorfBurgkemnitz

Schlaitz

Altjessnitz

Raguhn

KledewitzThurland

Reuben

Thalheim

Sandersdorf

B100

B184

> 1000 µg/L AOX

300 - 1000 µg/L AOX

60-300 µg/L AOX

20 - 60 µg/L AOX

10 - 20 µg/L AOX

Bitterfeld

Biedersdorf

Mühlbeck

Pouch

A 9

5 km

Dichloromethan

1,1-Dichlorethen

cis-Dichlorethen

trans-Dichlorethen

Trichlormethan

1,1-Dichlorethan

1,2-Dichlorethan

1,1,1-Trichlorethan

1,1,2-Trichlorethan

Tetrachlormethan

Trichlorethen

Tetrachlorethen

1,1,1,2-Tetrachlorethan

1,1,2,2-Tetrachlorethan

Pentachlorethan

Hexachlorethan

Vinylchlorid

Benzen

Toluen

Chlorbenzen

1,2-Dichlorbenzen

1,3-Dichlorbenzen

1,4-Dichlorbenzen

25 km2 mit einem geschätzten Volumen von mehr als

200 Mio m3 kontaminiertem Grundwasser

1,2,3-Trichlorbenzen

1,2,4-Trichlorbenzen

1,2,5-Trichlorbenzen

1,3,5-Trichlorbenzen

2-Chlorphenol

3-Chlorphenol

4-Chlorphenol

2,3-Dichlorphenol

2,4-Dichlorphenol

2,5-Dichlorphenol

2,6-Dichlorphenol

3,4-Dichlorphenol

3,5-Dichlorphenol

2,3,4-Trichlorphenol

2,3,5-Trichlorphenol

2,3,6-Trichlorphenol

2,4,6-Trichlorphenol

2,3,4,5-Tetrachlorphenol

2,4,5,6-Tetrachlorphenol

Pentachlorphenol

4-Chlor-3-methylphenol

1-Chlor-3-methylphenol Sanierungsforschung

in regional kontaminierten

Aquiferen

26

Page 27: Bioremediation (1) - UFZ · Bioremediation: A Bugs Life! Microorganisms….but don’t forget the plants (Bacteria) are the „Key players“ in BIOREMEDIATION: ubiquitary occurence!

27

Destabilisierendes

Dipolmoment!

Abbauweg erfolgt über Catechol!

Page 28: Bioremediation (1) - UFZ · Bioremediation: A Bugs Life! Microorganisms….but don’t forget the plants (Bacteria) are the „Key players“ in BIOREMEDIATION: ubiquitary occurence!

Aerober Abbauweg von Benzen zu Catechol Ringspaltung

28

Page 29: Bioremediation (1) - UFZ · Bioremediation: A Bugs Life! Microorganisms….but don’t forget the plants (Bacteria) are the „Key players“ in BIOREMEDIATION: ubiquitary occurence!

Aerober Abbauweg von Chlorbenzen

29

Page 30: Bioremediation (1) - UFZ · Bioremediation: A Bugs Life! Microorganisms….but don’t forget the plants (Bacteria) are the „Key players“ in BIOREMEDIATION: ubiquitary occurence!

Möglicher aerober Abbauweg

von MTBE

30

Page 31: Bioremediation (1) - UFZ · Bioremediation: A Bugs Life! Microorganisms….but don’t forget the plants (Bacteria) are the „Key players“ in BIOREMEDIATION: ubiquitary occurence!

Abbauwege höher-

chlorierter KWs

31

HÜ8 – Aufgabe 25: Gekoppelter PCE-TCE-Abbau

Zur Wiederholung

Start SS2015: 17.4.2015

Page 32: Bioremediation (1) - UFZ · Bioremediation: A Bugs Life! Microorganisms….but don’t forget the plants (Bacteria) are the „Key players“ in BIOREMEDIATION: ubiquitary occurence!

Bioremediation: A Bugs Life!

….but don’t forget the plants Höher-chlorierte Kohlenwasserstoffe

sind häufig persistent gegenüber aeroben Abbau

HCH, PCE

Case study: Auensee-Leipzig

32

Page 33: Bioremediation (1) - UFZ · Bioremediation: A Bugs Life! Microorganisms….but don’t forget the plants (Bacteria) are the „Key players“ in BIOREMEDIATION: ubiquitary occurence!

TCE PCE TCA

Case study: Auensee-Leipzig

Exkursion!

lignite seam

Auensee

H2-O2-Injektion

33

Page 34: Bioremediation (1) - UFZ · Bioremediation: A Bugs Life! Microorganisms….but don’t forget the plants (Bacteria) are the „Key players“ in BIOREMEDIATION: ubiquitary occurence!

Case study: Auensee-Leipzig

34

Page 35: Bioremediation (1) - UFZ · Bioremediation: A Bugs Life! Microorganisms….but don’t forget the plants (Bacteria) are the „Key players“ in BIOREMEDIATION: ubiquitary occurence!

Case study: Auensee-Leipzig

35

Page 36: Bioremediation (1) - UFZ · Bioremediation: A Bugs Life! Microorganisms….but don’t forget the plants (Bacteria) are the „Key players“ in BIOREMEDIATION: ubiquitary occurence!

HÜ8: ÜA 16 + 25: Bioremediation

Dechlorierungsreaktion: PCE + 2e- + H+ TCE + Cl- : (kPCE)

TCE + 2e- + H+ DCE + Cl- : (TCE)

Differentialgleichungen für „Parents-Daughter-Reaction“:

PCE

PCE

PCEPCE

PCE

PCE CR

k

x

C

R

u

t

C

PCE

TCE

PCETCE

TCE

TCETCE

TCE

TCE CR

kfC

Rx

C

R

u

t

C

Reine Advektion:

Page 37: Bioremediation (1) - UFZ · Bioremediation: A Bugs Life! Microorganisms….but don’t forget the plants (Bacteria) are the „Key players“ in BIOREMEDIATION: ubiquitary occurence!

Steady-state-Lösung:

C(x,t) – Konzentration (mg/l), k – Abbaurate (1/Tag),

u – Abstandsgeschwindigkeit (m/Tag)

Diskussion der ÜA25 Skript: ÜA mit Lsgn

EXCEL-file: steady-state (siehe ÜA25 Bioremediation!)

x

u

kxCxC PCE

PCEPCE exp)0()(

x

ux

u

k

k

xCkfxC TCEPCE

PCETCE

PCEPCETCE

expexp

)0()(

Keine Zeitabhängigkeit!

x

u

kxCtkfxC PCE

PCEPCETCE exp)0()(

PCETCE k

PCETCE k

Page 38: Bioremediation (1) - UFZ · Bioremediation: A Bugs Life! Microorganisms….but don’t forget the plants (Bacteria) are the „Key players“ in BIOREMEDIATION: ubiquitary occurence!

Tools zur

Bioremediation-

Technologie-Optimierung

Biocapacity-Konzept:

Welches Abbaupotential besitzt unser Aquifer?

Start SS2015: 17.4.2015

Page 39: Bioremediation (1) - UFZ · Bioremediation: A Bugs Life! Microorganisms….but don’t forget the plants (Bacteria) are the „Key players“ in BIOREMEDIATION: ubiquitary occurence!

39

Page 40: Bioremediation (1) - UFZ · Bioremediation: A Bugs Life! Microorganisms….but don’t forget the plants (Bacteria) are the „Key players“ in BIOREMEDIATION: ubiquitary occurence!

40

HÜ9

Page 41: Bioremediation (1) - UFZ · Bioremediation: A Bugs Life! Microorganisms….but don’t forget the plants (Bacteria) are the „Key players“ in BIOREMEDIATION: ubiquitary occurence!

41

Field data

Page 42: Bioremediation (1) - UFZ · Bioremediation: A Bugs Life! Microorganisms….but don’t forget the plants (Bacteria) are the „Key players“ in BIOREMEDIATION: ubiquitary occurence!

42

Field data

Page 43: Bioremediation (1) - UFZ · Bioremediation: A Bugs Life! Microorganisms….but don’t forget the plants (Bacteria) are the „Key players“ in BIOREMEDIATION: ubiquitary occurence!

43

Field data

Page 44: Bioremediation (1) - UFZ · Bioremediation: A Bugs Life! Microorganisms….but don’t forget the plants (Bacteria) are the „Key players“ in BIOREMEDIATION: ubiquitary occurence!

Bioremediation:

BIOSCREEN-Course

Reaktiver Transport BIOSCREEN

Page 45: Bioremediation (1) - UFZ · Bioremediation: A Bugs Life! Microorganisms….but don’t forget the plants (Bacteria) are the „Key players“ in BIOREMEDIATION: ubiquitary occurence!

45

Transport von Schadstoffen:

Mathematische Beschreibung (3)

Ddisp = Dispersionskoeffizeint

siehe Skript!

4. advektiver, dispersiver Transport („diffusiver“ Transport im strömenden Grundwasser) :

dx

dCu

dx

CdD

dx

Cujd

dt

dC TT

Tdisp

TTTT

2

2)(TldispdispdispwT uDRDDRuu ,/,/ 0

Lösung für konstante Randbedingung (ÜA 22):

),(),(

2),( 0 txgErfc

D

xuExptxgErfc

CtxC

disp

TT

tD

tuxtxg

disp

T

2),(

0),0( CtxCT

Task 22-3, Task 23-2

Page 46: Bioremediation (1) - UFZ · Bioremediation: A Bugs Life! Microorganisms….but don’t forget the plants (Bacteria) are the „Key players“ in BIOREMEDIATION: ubiquitary occurence!

46

Transport von Schadstoffen:

Mathematische Beschreibung (4)

Reaktiver Transport

RT

TT

dispT Q

dx

dCu

dx

CdD

dt

dC

2

2

TldispdispdispwT uDRDDRuu ,/,/ 0

2. Steady-state-Annahme:

0)0( CxCT

TR CkQ 1. Für Reaktionsrate verwenden wir Kinetik 1.Ordnung:

TT

TT

dispT kC

dx

dCu

dx

CdD

dt

dC

2

2

TT

TT

disp kCdx

dCu

dx

CdD

2

2

0

3. Berücksichtigen nur konvektiven Transport:

TT

T kCdx

dCu

Analytische Lösung (steady-state, 1. order, reaktiver Transport) :

)/exp()( 0 uxkCxCT

BIOSCREEN: Centerline

HÜ8

Page 47: Bioremediation (1) - UFZ · Bioremediation: A Bugs Life! Microorganisms….but don’t forget the plants (Bacteria) are the „Key players“ in BIOREMEDIATION: ubiquitary occurence!

1) Solute transport without decay (k = 0!),

2) Solute transport with biodegradation modeled as a

first-order decay process

3) Solute transport with biodegradation modeled as

an "instantaneous" biodegradation reaction

BIOSCREEN

EXCEL: Extras Makros Sicherheit niedrig

Wer Software haben will, bitte e-mail an mich!

Page 48: Bioremediation (1) - UFZ · Bioremediation: A Bugs Life! Microorganisms….but don’t forget the plants (Bacteria) are the „Key players“ in BIOREMEDIATION: ubiquitary occurence!

2) Solute transport with biodegradation modeled as a

first-order decay process

Page 49: Bioremediation (1) - UFZ · Bioremediation: A Bugs Life! Microorganisms….but don’t forget the plants (Bacteria) are the „Key players“ in BIOREMEDIATION: ubiquitary occurence!

1 EA = Oxygen

Nur wenn EA vorhanden, kann

BTEX abgebaut werden, d.h.

C0_TCE(NA) <= BC!

3) Solute transport with biodegradation modeled as

an

"instantaneous" biodegradation reaction

Page 50: Bioremediation (1) - UFZ · Bioremediation: A Bugs Life! Microorganisms….but don’t forget the plants (Bacteria) are the „Key players“ in BIOREMEDIATION: ubiquitary occurence!
Page 51: Bioremediation (1) - UFZ · Bioremediation: A Bugs Life! Microorganisms….but don’t forget the plants (Bacteria) are the „Key players“ in BIOREMEDIATION: ubiquitary occurence!
Page 52: Bioremediation (1) - UFZ · Bioremediation: A Bugs Life! Microorganisms….but don’t forget the plants (Bacteria) are the „Key players“ in BIOREMEDIATION: ubiquitary occurence!
Page 53: Bioremediation (1) - UFZ · Bioremediation: A Bugs Life! Microorganisms….but don’t forget the plants (Bacteria) are the „Key players“ in BIOREMEDIATION: ubiquitary occurence!
Page 54: Bioremediation (1) - UFZ · Bioremediation: A Bugs Life! Microorganisms….but don’t forget the plants (Bacteria) are the „Key players“ in BIOREMEDIATION: ubiquitary occurence!
Page 55: Bioremediation (1) - UFZ · Bioremediation: A Bugs Life! Microorganisms….but don’t forget the plants (Bacteria) are the „Key players“ in BIOREMEDIATION: ubiquitary occurence!

Bioremediation-

Seminar 1 + 2

BIOSCREEN for SAFIRA test site LEUNA

Biodegradation of BTEX/MTBE

55

Page 56: Bioremediation (1) - UFZ · Bioremediation: A Bugs Life! Microorganisms….but don’t forget the plants (Bacteria) are the „Key players“ in BIOREMEDIATION: ubiquitary occurence!

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Page 57: Bioremediation (1) - UFZ · Bioremediation: A Bugs Life! Microorganisms….but don’t forget the plants (Bacteria) are the „Key players“ in BIOREMEDIATION: ubiquitary occurence!

57

Field data

Page 58: Bioremediation (1) - UFZ · Bioremediation: A Bugs Life! Microorganisms….but don’t forget the plants (Bacteria) are the „Key players“ in BIOREMEDIATION: ubiquitary occurence!

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Field data

Page 59: Bioremediation (1) - UFZ · Bioremediation: A Bugs Life! Microorganisms….but don’t forget the plants (Bacteria) are the „Key players“ in BIOREMEDIATION: ubiquitary occurence!

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Field data

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