biology journal 3/25/2013 whenever blood enters the heart, what chamber does it go into first? where...

Biology Journal 3/25/2013

Whenever blood enters the heart, what chamber does it go into first? Where does it go second? What does it leave through?


What is atherosclerosis? What is atherosclerosis? What kinds of things What kinds of things cause it? What does it do cause it? What does it do to the heart? What do to the heart? What do you think could be you think could be treatments for it?treatments for it?


The heart is The heart is surrounded by surrounded by fat tissue. fat tissue. Why do you Why do you think that think that might be a might be a good thing?good thing?

6.2 Transport System

Assessment statement

6.2.1 Draw and label a diagram of the heart showing the four chambers, associated blood vessels, valves and the route of blood through the heart.Care should be taken to show the relative wall thickness of the four chambers. Neither the coronary vessels nor the conductive system are required.

6.2.2 State that the coronary arteries supply heart muscle with oxygen and nutrients.

6.2.5 Explain the relationship between the structure and function of arteries, capillaries and veins.

6.2.3 Explain the action of the heart in terms of collecting blood, pumping blood, and opening and closing of valves.collection of blood by the atriawhich is then pumped out by the ventricles into the arteriesthe direction of flow is controlled by atrio-ventricular and semilunar valves

6.2.4 Outline the control of the heartbeat in terms of myogenic muscle contraction, the role of the pacemaker, nerves, the medulla of the brain and epinephrine (adrenaline).

6.2.6 State that blood is composed of plasma, erythrocytes, leucocytes (phagocytes and lymphocytes) and platelets.

6.2.7 State that the following are transported by the blood: nutrients, oxygen, carbon dioxide, hormones, antibodies, urea and heat.

There are 7 important substances that are carried by your blood (according to our IB topics). How many can you name?

7 important substances carried by your 7 important substances carried by your blood:blood:

OxygenOxygenCarbon Carbon DioxideDioxideNutrientsNutrientsHormonesHormonesAntibodiesAntibodiesUreaUreaHeatHeat

1. What is the name of this chamber? 2. What is the name

of this chamber?

3. What is the name of this valve?

4. What is the name of this valve?

Right AtriumRight AtriumLeft VentricleLeft Ventricle

Atrioventricular Atrioventricular valvevalve

Semilunar valveSemilunar valve

Complete the table!

Artery Vein Capillary

Are they thick or thin?

Are they elastic?

Is the blood pressure high or low?

Complete the table!

Artery Vein Capillary

Are they thick or thin? Thick ThinReally

thin(only 1 cell thick)

Are they elastic (stretchy)? Yes No No

Is the blood pressure high or low? High Low Low

What are coronary arteries? Why are they important?

Coronary arteries are the arteries that supply blood to the heart itself. They are important because when they become blocked, a heart attack happens!

In one complete loop through the circulatory system, your blood…

1. Passes through how many chambers?

2. Is squeezed by contractions of the heart how many times?

3. Passes through how many heart valves?

Four! Right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium, left ventricle.

Two! In the right ventricle (which sends it to the lungs) and in the left ventricle (which sends it all over the body)

Four! 2 atrioventricular, 2 semilunar

The medulla of the brain controls the heart rate by reacting to the concentration of CO2 in the blood.

If the concentration of CO2 in the blood is high, would the medulla make the heart rate go faster or slower? Why?Faster! The CO2 concentration is high because O2 is being consumed and turned into CO2 by cellular respiration. A faster heart rate is needed to supply the oxygen to cells for this reaction!

Which chamber of the heart has the thickest walls? Why? Which chamber as the 2nd thickest? Why? Which chamber has the 3rd thickest? Why?

Left ventricle. It pumps blood to Left ventricle. It pumps blood to the whole body.the whole body.

Right ventricle. It pumps blood to Right ventricle. It pumps blood to the lungsthe lungs

The atria. They only pump blood The atria. They only pump blood to the next ventricle.to the next ventricle.

1st

2nd

3rd

When might blood clots be a good thing? When might blood clots be a bad thing?

A compound fractured bone. This soccer player’s tibia bone is now poking out of his sock. The blood around this injury will be clotting very soon.

A blood clot in this person’s thigh vein has caused blood to build up in his entire leg.

When might blood clots be a good thing? When might blood clots be a bad thing?Blood clots are good when they prevent blood loss (for internal or external bleeding). They are bad when they happen when they are not supposed to (heart attacks, strokes, or “blood clots”)

What does the sinoatrical node do? How does it do it?

The sinoatrical node is a group of heart muscle cells that contracts, and sends electrical signals that cause the other cells to contract. It’s called the pacemaker.

Cells What do they do?

Erythrocytes

Leukocytes

Plasma

Platelets

Complete the table!

Cells What do they do?

ErythrocytesTransport O2 and CO2 (aka red blood cells)

LeukocytesFight off pathogens. Has phagocytes, and lymphocytes (B and T cells)

PlasmaLiquid part of the blood. Transports many important substances

Platelets Stick together to make blood clots

Complete the table!

1. What is arthrosclerosis?

2. What kinds of diseases could be a result of having arthrosclerosis?

Part Description

1. Blood enters by filling this chamber.

2. Blood leaves the heart by being squeezed out of this chamber.

3. This chamber is larger and more muscular than the other.

4.This structure separates the chambers of the heart, to keep blood going in one direction.

Complete the table!

Parts of the Heart and their Function

Part Description

1. AtriumBlood enters by filling this chamber.

2. VentricleBlood leaves the heart by being squeezed out of this chamber.

3. VentricleThis chamber is larger and more muscular than the other.

4. Atrioventricular Valve

This structure separates the chambers of the heart, to keep blood going in one direction.

Complete the table!

Parts of the Heart and their Function

Suppose somebody had a mutation to the DNA that coded for clotting factor proteins. What do you think could happen if your clotting factors didn’t work?

When are clotting factors released by your cells?

What do they do to platelets?

What do they do to white blood cells?