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Bio-fuel development Experience of Ethiopia
Ministry of Water, Irrigation & Energy May 5, 2014
Nadew Tadele:- Bio-fuel development coordination directorate Director
Presentation out line
1. Location 2. General information 3. Energy resource potential 4. Introduction 5. Back ground 6. Policy measure 7. Bio-fuel development and utilization strategy 8. Bio-fuel development program 9. Bio-fuel research 10. Bio-fuel Ethiopia for rural development project
General Information • Ethiopia is a landlocked country in the Horn
of Africa. It’s total area is 1.13 million square km.
• The country is the second most populous in Africa, with about 90 million inhabitants.
• Ethiopia celebrated its new millennium 5 years ago (local calendar)
Cont…
• Population growth rate - 2.5% per year.
• The country’s annual real GDP growth rate averaged 10% over the last four years (2008/09-20012/13), significantly above the Sub-Saharan average of 5.8 %
Energy Resource Potential
No. Resource Exploitable Potential
1 Woody Biomass 37 Million ton/year
2 Crop + animal waste 38 million ton/year
3 Hydropower 45,000 MW
4 Solar 5-6 KWh per meter square per day
5 Wind 10,000 MW
6 Geothermal 7000 MW
7 Natural Gas 4 trillion cubic feet
8 Coal 400 Million ton
Introduction • About 95% of the total energy consumption in
Ethiopia is composed of traditional biomass
fuels, with only 5% coming from modern energy
sources (FAO 1995).
• The biomass is mainly obtained from firewood,
charcoal, dung and crop residues that mainly
depend on the surrounding forest resources and
agricultural residues.
• In consequences, the country’s forest and land
resources is being disappear and degrade with
an alarming rate, resulting in desertification,
reduction in agricultural production and
recurrent drought.
• increase Emission of green house gases
Cont… • On the other side, Ethiopia imports its
entire petroleum fuel requirement by
spending over 80% of the foreign
earning annually.
• Even the demand for petroleum fuel is
increasing rapidly due to a growing
economy and expanding infrastructure.
• Hence, it is very critical to look for
alternative energy sources in order to
contribute for solving economic,
environmental and social problems.
Background
• availability of the bio-fuel feedstock Locally and its potential benefit for rural community in employment creation and modern life style.
• Potential alternative energy with all ranges of
thermal application. Therefore, bio-fuel development as one of the packages
in Energy development promoting wide scale development of renewable and energy efficiency and conservation is given high regard.
Policy Measures
• The Government decided to have legislation which facilitates bio-fuel development:
• Bio-fuel strategy issued by the Council of Ministers in September 2007
• The environment in which the strategy enacted is attractive where by:
• large number of labor force available, • land potential and suitable climate for the development of bio-
fuels.
Focus of the Bio-fuel strategy
the Ethiopian bio-fuel strategy focuses mainly on: • withstanding the challenges of unexpected fossil fuel
price increase, • save foreign earnings and produce foreign currency by
exploiting and availing alternative energy sources for the country;
• Enhancing rural development, industrial and service sectors by providing support and creating employment opportunities;
• Supporting soil and water conservation programs; • Implementing environmental protection programs and
measures.
GOALS AND OBJECTIVES OF THE
STRATEGY Goal: to produce adequate bio-fuel energy from domestic resource
for substituting imported petroleum products and to export excess products.
Objectives: • substituting mineral fuels by locally produced bio-fuels (to save
and earn foreign exchange); • Contributing to rural development by creating job in feedstock
production, bio-fuel manufacturing, and in transporting and distribution of feed-stocks and products;
• Reduction of environmental pollution by harmful pollutants from vehicles exhausts (GHG emissions).
PRINCIPLES OF THE STRATEGY
• Ensure that it supports food security,
• avoid negative effect on economic development, environmental and cultural values and land, safely secure water and grazing land being used by farmers and pastoralists;
• devise means for broad participation of farmers and pastoralists for benefit sharing.
• Ensure that it maintains environmental sustainability. Emphasis- to the conservation and improving of soil fertility, water quality and biodiversity.
Cont…
• Use of the by-products for various economic benefits and detoxify toxic components for environmental safety.
• Ensure sustainability of the country’s economic resource development and secure the benefit on the use of bio-fuels.
• Conform bio-fuel development to the international effort on the mitigation and principles of greenhouse gases
Strategy Contents
• Accelerating bio fuel technology transfer, research and development
• Increasing bio fuel development
• Increasing bio-fuel use and export earnings
• Involve Bio-fuel Actors • Efficient coordination and leadership for bio-fuel
development
• Increasing finance for bio-fuel development
Bio-fuel Development Program
• The Strategy provides the required guidance for bio-fuel development.
• A stakeholders forum for the implementation of bio-fuels strategy.
• 5% blending of Ethanol with gasoline has been implemented since October 2009 and increased the ratio to 10%
Ethanol for transport
• E5 blending started with one sugar factory and one blender company (Fincha and Nile petroleum)
• E10 blending started march 2011 with two sugar factories and three blender campaniles (Fincha, Metehara and Nile petroleum, Oil Libya and NOC). For these more than 17 million liters/year is needed.
• Till now we blended more than 44 million liters of ethanol with gasoline and we can save more than 35 millions USD
Ethanol for House hold
• In our country 313.4 million liters/year of kerosene used by house holds.
• More than 6,000 stoves distributed by different organizations
• In order to produce affordable ethanol cook stove for HHs, ethanol cook stoves produced by our ministry alternative energy laboratory center.
Bio-diesel Feedstock
• various types of plant species which can be used for producing bio-diesel grow in the country
• Jatropha, grows in many parts and used as a hedge and medicinal plant.
Researches have been done to support bio-
fuel development program:-
1.Suitability mapping for jatropha production • Topographic (Slope, Elevation):- 63.4 % of the total area of the
country are suitable for jatropha production. • Soils:- 18.8% of the area of Ethiopia falls under suitable category. • Climate(Temperature, Precipitation):- 35.2 % by area of land falls under
suitable category.
• Land cover:- Around two third of the land area of Ethiopia is suitable for jatropha production in terms of elevation.
• Only less than half of the land area of the country is suitable for jatropha production without affecting the existing land use practices.
No. Suitability Area (ha) Proportion (%)
1 Not suitable 9,211,430.97 8.36
2 Moderately suitable 84,403,971.54 76.57
3 Highly suitable 16,608,240.81 15.07
TOTAL 110,223,643.32 100.00
2. Effects of Seed storage on germination ability of physicnut
S/N treatment Germination % at the end of experiment period
1 M Holeta 94.2
2 M Wondo Genet 92.4
3 M Were 93.9
4 J Holeta 92.9
5 J Wondo Genet 92.0
6 J Were 93.5
7 MWP(sack via
plastic) Holeta
93.7
8 MWP Wondo Genet 90.3
9 MWP Were 92.3
Possibility of storing longer times for using it as a seed
3. Evaluation of physic nut oil cake
for fertilizer
Treatments pH EC OC (%) P (mg/kg of
dry soil)
100% oil cake and 0% cow dung 7.1-7.4 3.32-3.96 41-46 1518-2453 75% oil cake and 25% cow dung 7.3-7.9 4.39-4.83 40-46 1791-2532 50% oil cake and 50% cow dung 7.4-8.1 3.9-6.02 39-44 1715-2482 25% oil cake and 75% cow dung 7.4-8.9 3.47-4.7 37-43 1647-2522 O% oil cake and 100% cow dung 8.4-9 2.67-3.34 37-42 1384-2499
4. Direct use physic nut SV oil for lightening
(a) 0 % SVO
(b) 25 % SVO
(c) 50 % SVO
(c) 75 % SVO
(d) 100 % SVO
discipline is of paramount importance. Thus, the following directions could be sought: •Research should continue to further modify
designs that are aimed at substituting elements of the lamp with easily accessible materials
•Comparative emissions of exhausts of such lamps with that of Kerosene lamps need to be investigated quantitatively to substantiate findings
5. Substitution of olive oil with physicnut and oil palm oil for soap preparation
Samples were submitted to
ESA to be tested for their
quality standarts
The formulation protocol was deveoped and soap was prepared
Future Research Issues and Directions • Survey to identify the knowledge and technology gap in
biodiesel
• Characterization and identification of important growing
areas
• Variety Development [high yielder vs. dieses resistance];
Castor and Jatropha
• Chemical characterization + quantification
• Post harvest management [storage of seeds vs. oils]
• Silvicultural/Agronomic package [Management]
• Environmental impact studies
• Alternative use of oils from castor and jatropha [soap,
cosmetics]
• Waste management of biodiesel plants [Fertilizer, biogass]
• Alternative product development as value addition
• Study on the economic benefit of biodiesel plants
Bio-fuel Ethiopia for rural development project
• OBJECTIVE
1. Substituting traditional biomass energy utilization by Modern and
clean energy using Biodiesel and reducing the energy bill of
households in rural areas,
2. Great job opportunity and income for rural house hold,
3. Women Empowerment,
4. Save imported fuel currency, and
5. drive domestic cooperation and investment Growth.
. Stakeholder and Process Mapping
Energy Sector
Biofuel Sub-sector
Biofuel Forum
Agricultural, Environment Institutes, Research Universities, Corporations
Propagation Material
Agronomy Package
Cultivation Practice
Post Harvest technology
Industrial Institutes, Research, Universities, Quality standards
Processing Methods
Processing Package
Industrial Package
Entrepreneurs
Cooperatives
SME's
Products
Quality Control Methods
Processing Equipment Specification
Fabrication/ procurement of
equipmnt
Trade/Commerce, Regulation
Market Strategy, Promotion, Investment
Marketing
Other Institutions
Activities done so far
• Sensitization work shop to launch the project for regional energy bureaus and other relevant sectors, universities, research institutes, investors other stake holders.
• BASELINE, SUITABILITY AND VALUE CHAIN STUDY ON THE BIO-FUELS DEVELOPMENT OF ETHIOPIA.
Cont… • Bio-fuel extension package Training about jatropha extension package has
been given for regional, zonal and woreda experts as well as selected house holds in the pilot project areas.
• Technology prototyping and research development
Training how to produce the technology prototypes has been given for regional technology centers.