Robert G. Hockaday

Energy Related Devices, Inc.

www.energyrelateddevices.com

BIO-DIGESTION TO FUEL

FUTURE SOUTHWEST

ENVIRONMENT

Hotter

Dryer

WATER

Water

Water

ENERGY

Water

RENEWABLE ENERGY STORAGE

Grow Fuel?

Make Fuel?

FACTOIDS

• New Mexico Has 320,000 Milk Cows that produce ~ 4 million tons of milk/year (Albuquerque Business First Oct 4, 2013) NM milk industry: $1.2 billion revenue.

• New Mexico Dairy Cattle produce 7.5 million tons wet Manure/year

• New Mexico Dairy Cattle produce 2.6 million tons of Dry Manure/year

ESTIMATE

• Dairy Cattle manure-aerobic-digestion: 1.5 million tons of Methane/year

• Value: $0.25billion/year

• New Mexico Natural Gas industry produces ~6.5million tons of

Methane/year.

• Value about $1 billion/year (Albuquerque Business First Oct 4, 2013)

• Value of NM 1.5 million cattle manure: $1billion/year

POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS

• Aerobic Digestion---CO2 and Fertilizer

• Anaerobic Digestion---CH4, CO2 and Fertilizer

• Anaerobic Digestion/Fermentation---Cattle feed, ethanol, CH4, CO2 and

Fertilizer.

• Pyrolysis— CO2 and range of fuels—no Fertilizer

UPGRADE FUEL

Manure-Methane---Methanol---DME

• $5----$25 ------$123------$249/Ton of Manure

Manure---Pipeline Bio-Methane

• $5----$75/Ton of Manure

ETHANOL PLANT CONVERSION

• Manure and wastewater feedstock

• Use the existing digesters

• Reconfigure stills

• Gas cleaning to pipeline quality injection.

• Sterile fertilizer

• Waste carbon dioxide, water, and nutrients to

greenhouses

CENTRAL REFINERY?

Value of Tucumcari Basin Gas per 1000 standard cubic feet:

• Methane: $2.56

• Natural gas liquids content: $4.90

• Helium $0.25

• Total: $7.71

• Bio-Methane Value: $8.45

• (Henry Hub Price of Methane: $3.60/1000 standard cubic ft)

LOW NET WATER USE AGRICULTURE

How low can we go?

PHYSICS OF PLANTS

• Most Photosynthesis utilized Blue and red light and reflects

green light.

• C3 Plants (Majority Species of plants) 833 Water/Carbon

Dioxide Captured.

• C4 plants (maze, corn, sorghum, sugarcane) 277

Water/Carbon Dioxide Captured.

• CAM (Cactus) can seal and hold.

THE GREENHOUSE SOLUTION

• Contain the Water

• Inject Carbon dioxide or produce from within

• Breath air as needed at night.

• Temperature stability

Algenol’s outdoor algae-to-ethanol

photobioreactors in Lee County, FL

THE OVERHEATING PROBLEM

• Radiant cooling blockage by the skin of

greenhouse

• Gas layer thermal insulation of green house

• Without the greenhouse effect we would be a

cold planet.

• Internal evaporation and condensation helps to

counteract

THERMAL STABILITY SOLUTIONS

• More thermal mass

• More infrared transmission of the skin

• Reflectivity to green and all light when hot

• Emergency evaporative cooling

• Just grow plants that are adapted to hot conditions.

THERMAL MASS SIMPLE TESTS

A GREENHOUSE REFLECTIVITY SOLUTION

27°C 37°C 38°C

ONE OF NATURES GREAT

INVENTIONS

• The Stomata

Stomata of Tall fescue grasses.

TESTS

Ventilated

Green House Sealed Top

Green House

Aperture Vent

CARBON DIOXIDE INJECTION

• C3 Plants 833 Water/Carbon Dioxide Captured.

• C4 plants (maze, corn, sorghum, sugarcane) 277

Water/Carbon Dioxide Captured.

• With CO2 injection in day time and air breathing for night:

0.25 Water/Carbon Dioxide Captured

• 1000X better!

WHAT TO GROW

• Algae

• Multicellular Aquaponics (DuckWeed)

• Cellulosic ( Fruits & Vegtables)

• Aquaculture

• Cattle

• Fuel

• Chemicals

•