bell work friday 3/14 look in your book beginning on page 651 to find the answers 1. why were...
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Bell WorkFriday 3/14
Look in your book beginning on page 651
to find the answers• 1. Why were members of the Third Estates dissatisfied
with life under the Old Regime?
• 2. How did Louis XVI’s weak leadership contribute to the growing crisis in France?
• 3. How did the purpose of the meeting of the Third Estates-General change in 1789?
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The French Revolution and Napoleon
Chapter 23
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Section 1-The French Revolution Begins
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The Old Order
• The Old Regime-The social and political system in France during the 1700’s– The people were
divided into three large classes called estates
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The Old Order
• The First Estate-– Made up of members of the clergy of
the Roman Catholic Church
– Scorned Enlightenment Ideas
• The Second Estate-– Made up of rich Nobles who held the
highest offices in government
– Disagreed about Enlightenment ideas
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The Old Order
• The Third Estate-– Included bourgeoisie,
urban lower class, and peasant farmers
– Had no power to influence government
– Resented the wealthy First and Second Estates
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The Forces of Change
• Economic Troubles in France-– Taxes made it too hard for
merchants and businesses to make profit
– Factors including the rise in the cost of living, wide spread crop failures in the 1780’s, and the price of bread doubling made life in France hard
– Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette live extravagantly and piled up massive debt helping America fight England
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Dawn of the Revolution
• The National Assembly-– The Third Estates delegates
were heavily influenced by the Enlightenment and eager to make changes in government
• Suggested that all three estates meet together and that each delegate should get a vote (giving them the advantage)
• The Third Estates became the National Assembly
– This action was the first deliberate act of revolution
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Dawn of the Revolution
• Tennis Court Oath-The Third Estate broke in and promised to stay in the indoor tennis court until a new constitution was drafted
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Dawn of the Revolution
• Storming the Bastille-– It took place on July 14th, 1789– Mobs stormed the prison after rumors emerged
that Louis was using military forces against the National Assembly
– Attackers killed the prison commander and several guards
• They put their heads on spikes in the streets
– This became the great symbolic act of revolution
• Bastille day is celebrated like our 4th of July
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The Great Fear Sweeps France
• The Great Fear-– Peasants were afraid that the nobles had
hired outlaws to terrorize them• As a result the peasants went into the
homes of nobles with pitchforks and farm tools destroying the old legal papers that forced them to pay federal duties
– After the price of bread rose in Oct. 1789, peasant women rioted and Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette were forced to leave France
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Bell WorkMonday 3/17
Look in your book beginning on page 656
to find the answers• 1. What major reform did the National Assembly
introduce? • 2. What did the divisions of the National
Assembly say about the differences in French Society?
• 3. How did the Reign of Terror come to an end?
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SSR + Log Monday 3/17
Please sit quietly with your desks cleared and have your pencil/pen
ready for SSR
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SSR + Log Monday 3/17
Please take two minutes to discuss our SSR article with your table mates.
When you receive your SSR One-Pager please read the directions and select and
circle five sentence stems to help complete the activity
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Section 2-Revolution Brings Reform and Terror
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The Assembly Reforms France
• The Rights of Man-– A set of revolutionary ideas
drafted by the National Assembly
• Said “men are born and remain free and equal in rights”
– Life, liberty, security, and resistance to oppression
– The document guaranteed equal justice, freedom of speech, and freedom of religion
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The Assembly Reforms France
• A State-Controlled Church-– Members of the National assembly
focused on reforming the church – Church lands were confiscated
saying church officials should be elected and paid by the state
• Catholic Church lost land and political independence
• The selling of church lands helped pay off France’s debt
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Divisions Develop
• Legislative Assembly-– Legislative body who
had the power to create laws and approve or reject declarations of war
• The king could still enforce laws
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Divisions Develop• Old issues caused the Legislative
Assembly to split into three factions – Radicals-
• Wanted massive gov. changes, opposed monarchy
– Moderates-• Wanted only some changes to gov.
– Conservatives-• Liked the idea of limited monarchy and
only wanted a few gov. changes
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War and Execution
• France at War-– As usual the war begins badly for France– By summer of 1792 Prussian forces
were advancing on Paris– Aug 10th, 1792-
• 20,000 men stormed the Tuileries and captured Louie, Marie Antoinette and the kids
• Angry protesters raided the prisons and killed over 1,000 prisoners
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War and Execution
• France at War-– National Convention-
• September 21st, 1792
• New government of France
– Disposed of the King
– Dissolved the National Assembly
– Made France a republic
– Adult males were given the right to vote and hold political office
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War and Execution• Jacobins-
– Radical members of the political organization that brought sweeping changes into the French Government
– Jean-Paul Marat-• Jacobin writer who called for the deaths of
those who still supported the king
– Guillotine-• Quick and efficient way of beheading a
criminal– Louis XVI was executed this way
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Terror Grips France
• Reign of Terror-– July 1793, Maximilien Robespierre
became the leader of the Committee of Public Safety and ruled like a dictator
• During this time nearly 40,000 citizens were killed
– Including George Danton and Marie Antoinette
– 85% were peasants
• Reign of Terror ended in July 1794 with Robespierre’s capture and execution
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Bell WorkTuesday 3/18
Please take out your notes/study guide and with your elbow partner review all of the
information for our test covering Chapter 23 Sections 1 and 2.
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Section 3-Napoleon Forges an Empire
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Napoleon Seizes Power
• Napoleon Bonaparte-– Born in 1769 – Sent to military school at 9 years old– He became a lieutenant in the French
artillery at 16– Upon his return from Egypt he led a
coup d’ etat• When the council dissolved he named
himself dictator– His first goal was to restore order in France
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Napoleon Rules France
• The Plebiscite-– A vote of the people that gave
Napoleon all real power
• Napoleon Supported– Changes from the revolution – Laws that would strengthen the
central gov. and achieve the goals of the revolution
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Napoleon Rules France
• Napoleon also:– Set up an effective banking system– Tried to end to gov. corruption – Set up Lycees-Gov. ran public schools
• Students came from all backgrounds
• Relived jobs based on performance
• Napoleonic Code-A uniform set of laws that ended many injustices – Promoted order over individual rights
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Napoleon Creates an Empire
• 1804-Napoleon crowned himself emperor – This symbolized his power over
the church
• Napoleon's Goals-– Wanted to control all of Europe
• Re-establish French dominance in the Americas
– He thought the key was the sugar producing colony of Saint Domingue
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Napoleon Creates an Empire
• Loss of American Territories-– The people of Saint Domingue
led by Toussaint L’Ouverture demanded the same rights as French citizens
• Napoleon failed to overtake them
– 1803-Napoleon offers to sell the Louisiana Territory for $15 million
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Napoleon Creates an Empire
• Napoleon was extremely successful in battle during the early part of his reign– Britain, Russia, Austria, and Sweden
joined forces against France but could not beat them
– His victories allowed him to build the largest empire since the Romans
• His only real challenge was Britain's navy
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Napoleon Creates an Empire
• The Battle of Trafalgar-– The only major battle
Napoleon lost – This naval defeat had two
lasting effects:• It assured Britain naval
supremacy for the next 100 years
• Napoleon abandoned his plans of invading Britain
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Napoleon Creates an Empire
• By 1812 the only countries in Europe not controlled by Napoleon were:– Britain, Portugal, Sweden
and the Ottoman Empire – His empire existed at it’s
greatest extent from 1807 to 1812
• Napoleon’s grand ambitions became his undoing
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Bell WorkWednesday 3/19
Look in your book beginning on page 668
to find the answers
• 1. How did Great Britain combat Napoleon’s naval blockade?
• 2. Why did Napoleon have trouble defeating enemy forces in the Peninsular War?
• 3. How many member of France’s Grand Army returned from their attack on Moscow?
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Section 4-Napoleon’s Empire Collapses
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Napoleon’s Costly Mistakes
• Napoleon’s desire for power became his greatest downfall– Napoleon made three
major mistakes in his quest to crush Britain and expand France
• The Continental System
• The Peninsular War
• The Invasion of Russia
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Napoleon’s Costly Mistakes• The Continental System-
– Napoleon set up a blockade to prevent trade between Britain and Europe
• Two Goals:– Make continental Europe self-sufficient
– Destroy Britain’s commercial and industrial economy
– France’s blockade was weak• British ships made it to Europe• French and Neutral ships were stopped by Britain’s
blockade• U.S. frustrated and declared war on Britain (War of
1812)
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Napoleon’s Costly Mistakes• The Peninsular War-
– In his attempt to get Portugal to accept the Continental system Napoleon sent troops through Spain
• Removed the Spanish king– The people worried he would weaken the
Catholic church
• Peasant fighters called guerrillas killed 300,000 of Napoleon’s men
– A growing sense of nationalism in European nations became a powerful weapon against Napoleon
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Napoleon’s Costly Mistakes
• The Invasion of Russia-– Napoleon decided to invade Russia in 1812
• Russian czar refused to stop selling to Britain
– Scorched-earth policy-• Russia burned all the grain fields and killed all the live
stock in France’s path so there would be nothing to eat
– Russia and France met at the Battle of Borodino • The entire Russian campaign cost Napoleon’s Grand
Army 410,000 soldiers
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Napoleon's Downfall
• Napoleon Suffers Defeat-– Britain, Russia, Prussia and
Sweden joined forces against Napoleon
– In April 1814 Napoleon accepted the terms of surrender and gave up his throne
• Napoleon was given a small pension and exiled to the island of Elba
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Napoleon's Downfall • The Hundred Days-
• Napoleon's last bid for power
– Napoleon escaped from Elba on March 1st, 1815
• Crowds joyfully greeted him and helped him re-capture the French throne
– Waterloo-• June 18th, 1815–British and Persian forces
defended their ground and defeated Napoleon's forces
– Napoleon was exiled to St. Helena where he died 6 years later
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Bell WorkFriday 3/21
Look in your book beginning on page 672
and begin reading to find the answers• 1. What were the three main points of Metternich’s plan
for Europe?
• 2. Why was the Congress of Vienna considered a success?
• 3. What was the long-term legacy of the Congress of Vienna?
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Section 5-The Congress of Vienna
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Metternich’s Plan for Europe
• The Congress of Vienna-– 8 month conference with
the goal of establishing a new European order consisting of collective security and sensibility for the whole continent
• The Five Great Powers-– Russia, Prussia, Austria,
Great Britain and France
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Metternich’s Plan for Europe
• Klemens von Metternich-– Austrian foreign minister who
held three goals at the Congress of Vienna
• Surround France with strong countries to prevent further aggression
• Create a balance of power so no one would threaten each other
• Restore the royal families Napoleon removed
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Metternich’s Plan for Europe
• The Containment of France-– Kingdom of the Netherlands was
established– German Confederation was created
out of 39 German states– Switzerland was recognized as an
independent nation – The Kingdom of Sardinia was
strengthened by the addition of Genoa
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Metternich’s Plan for Europe
• Legitimacy-– Policy that restored as many rulers as
possible that Napoleon had removed to their thrones
• Ruling families of France, Spain, several states in Italy and Central Europe regained their thrones
• The Congress of Vienna marked the 1st time an entire continent came together to decide political affairs
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Political Changes Beyond Vienna
• Conservative Europe-– The Holy Alliance-
• Agreement in which Russia, Austria, and Prussia would base their relations with other countries on Christian principals
– Concert of Europe-• An agreement between several
European nations that ensured they would help each other in the event a revolution occurred
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Political Changes Beyond Vienna
• Revolutions in Latin America-– The Creoles (Spanish American colonists)
overthrew Spain's control in Mexico – Brazil declared their independence from
Portugal (Sept. 1822)
• Long –Term Legacy– France was weakened but Britain and
Prussia grew in power – Nationalism spread and led to new
revolutions
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Chapter 23 Section 3-5 Review
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Chapter 23 Section 3-5 Review
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Chapter 23 Section 3-5 Review
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Chapter 23 Section 3-5 Review
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Exit Ticket Tuesday 3/26
Please answer the following questions a half sheet of loose leaf paper
• 1. Are there any areas of Chapter 23 Section 3-5 we reviewed today that are still confusing?
• 2. What kinds of things are you going to do to help improve your study habits for this quiz?