Before, During, and After Reading Strategies

Before, During, and After Reading StrategiesLauren Fairchild

What is Reading?Reading is the ability to decode and understand the meaning of written words.

What is the process of reading? It is complex.

This process is influenced by a number of factors including: the reader, the text being read, the task the reader is trying to accomplish, the context in which the reading is being down.

How do these Factors influence the process?

Reader: prior-knowledge or knowledge of skills the reader brings to the reading processText: the way the text is organized to form a framework (ex: non-fiction and fiction)Activity/task: motivation to continue reading the textContext: the amount of support provided for reading by peers and teachers

Before Reading StrategiesStrategies/techniques that should be used prior to reading the text.

Activate Prior KnowledgePreviewMake predictionsVocabulary reviewSet a purpose/focus

Activate Prior KnowledgeAsk yourself:What do I already know about the topic?

Preview

Look through the text to see what it will be about.

Read the titlesRead the headingsLook at the pictures/illustrationsIf using a text book: read the side bars and outlines to preview the chapters

Make Predictions

Formulate hypothesis about the context-What do you think will happen in the text? Write down what you think will happen in the text.Create and write down questions you think will be answered throughout the text.

Vocabulary Reviewunderstand new vocabulary that is taught in order to understand the text

Set a Purpose/FocusDecide why you are reading this text.

(ex: to get information?, to help you?, to create something?)

During Reading StrategiesOnce you have prepared yourself to read the text through activating prior knowledge, previewing the text, making predictions, review vocabulary, and setting a purpose for your reading, you are now read to read!

The following are strategies are for you to use and will help you stray focused while you are reading

1. check predictions2. Monitoring text3. analyze4. Connect (text to text, text to world, text to self)5. self-questioning

Check Predictions

Ask yourself:Does it seem like my hypothesis will be correct? Does the text include information I thought would be in it based on the titles, headings, and pictures?Did I find the answers to questions I thought the text would answer yet?Do I have any new predictions?

Monitoring TextWhen monitoring text ask yourself Is what I am reading making sense? or Do I understand what I am reading?

If you are struggling to understand: Identify where the difficulty is.Identify what the difficulty is.Restate the difficult sentence/passage in their own words.Look back through the text.Look forward in the text for information that might help you resolve the difficulty.Use context clues: sematic, syntactic, picture.

AnalyzingExamine the structure of the textExamine the information that is being presentedFigure out what information is important to know

ConnectAsk yourself : how does the text relate to itself, me, and the world?

Text to Text: how does the information being read relate to the text? If so, how?Text to Self: how does the information being read relate to you? If so, how?Text to World: how does the information being read relate to the world? If so, how?

Self-Questioning

Through asking questions, you can reflect on what you are reading.Examples:Why did the author choose a certain word to use? Why did the characters or people do what they did?What will happen next?What is the author trying to tell me?Does this make sense?

After Reading StrategiesCongratulations you have finished reading the text.

Do you put the book down and stop here? Definitely Not!

Now, it is time to look back on what you read and learned. Here are some strategies to use now that you have finished reading!

Summarize/ paraphraseReflect Associate new/gained information with prior knowledge (make connections)Confirm predictionsEvaluate

Summarize/ParaphraseA summary is a synthesis of the important ideas in a text. Summaries helps you to identify the main ideas in an expository text. Also, it will help you evaluate your own understanding of what you have read.

Ex: For an expository text, you will often state the main idea and supporting details of several related paragraphs.

ReflectThis can be done through discussions, writing or drawing about the text read.

Ask yourself:What were the main ideas and information in the text?Why was this information important to know?Why did the author provide this information?

Associate New/Gained Information With Prior Knowledge

Extend your understanding of information that was gained.

Ask yourself:How does this new information relate to information I already know?

Confirm PredictionsReflect on what you read and think about the predictions you made prior to reading the text.

Ask yourself:Were my predictions correct?Was my hypothesis correct?

EvaluateWrite or speak on a specified topic related to the material that was read.

Compare and contrast information

Break down the information/material that was read.

Strategies That Can Be Used Before, During, and After Reading:Graphic organizers: visual representations between facts, terms, and ideas within the textK-W-L : a 3 column chart that helps capture before, during, and after components of the text.K: Know- the prior knowledge you have about the topicW: Want or Will- what you want to know or will know by the end of the textL: Learned What you have learned from the text

ReferencesBursuck, W. D. & Damer, M. (2011) Teaching Reading to Students Who Are at Risk or Have Disabilities. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson Education, INC..

Safadaran, M. (2013, August 30). Reading Strategies Booklet [Video file]. Retrieved from http://www.slideshare.net/majidsafadaran/reading-strategies-booklet?related=5

Yardley, B. (2012, July 28) Reading Strategies [Video File]. Retrieved from http://www.slideshare.net/libraryyard/reading-strategies-13782096?from_search=2#btnNext