bbnan04000 angol fonológia ea. / english phonology …¡vosfonó-1... · • tongue position...

BBNAN04000 Angol fonológia ea. / English Phonology lecture course

(sávos)

BBK 2016

1. Intro

phonetics – phonology – morphology

Today:

• phonetics vs. phonology: vowels• revision of basics of phonology

phonetics: physical properties of speech sounds:

phonetics: physical properties of speech sounds:➢ articulatory (speech production)

phonetics: physical properties of speech sounds:➢ articulatory (speech production)➢ acoustic

phonetics: physical properties of speech sounds:➢ articulatory (speech production)➢ acoustic: spectrograms:

phonetics: physical properties of speech sounds:➢ articulatory (speech production)➢ acoustic

phonetics: physical properties of speech sounds:➢ articulatory (speech production)➢ acoustic➢ auditory (speech perception)

e.g., the articulatory classification of RP vowels:

e.g., the articulatory classification of RP vowels:● manner of articulation:

• monophthongs vs. diphthongs (vs. triphthongs)• long vs. short

e.g., the articulatory classification of RP vowels:● manner of articulation:

• monophthongs vs. diphthongs (vs. triphthongs)• long vs. short

● place of articulation:• tongue position (tongue height +

frontness/backness)• lip position

the Cardinal Vowel Chart

Can you find the vowels of Hungarian?

The monophthongs of RP

Gimsonian IPA symbols for the vowels of RP:

Recap:

phonetics: physical properties of speech sounds:➢ articulatory (speech production)➢ acoustic➢ auditory (speech perception)

So far: the articulatory classification of RP vowels

Functional (= phonological) classes:


in what position?


in what position?: 3 classical subgroupings:


in what position?: 3 classical subgroupings:➢ full vs. weak: reduction under zero stress,

all full vowels -> schwa, e.g., Japan-Japanese, Hungarian-Hungary, famous-infamous


in what position?: 3 classical subgroupings:➢ full vs. weak


in what position?: 3 classical subgroupings:➢ full vs. weak➢ r-influence: bee-beer, sky-lyre (breaking),

cat-car, bid/put/but/bet-bird/purr/Bert (broadening)


in what position?: 3 classical subgroupings:➢ full vs. weak➢ r-influence (breaking, broadening)


in what position?: 3 classical subgroupings:➢ full vs. weak➢ r-influence (breaking, broadening)➢


in what position?: 3 classical subgroupings:➢ full vs. weak➢ r-influence (breaking, broadening)➢ tense vs. lax

The full vowels of RP:

The phonological classification of the vowels of RP:

Phonetics vs. phonology

The basics of phonology


➢ sound inventory (universal/particular, markedness, implications)



➢ distribution of sounds, possible combinations (phonotactics)




➢ processes (alternations)




➢ processes (alternations)

that is, rules and representations

possible relations between two (or more) phones: do they contrast?


(i) correspond to different phonemes


(i) correspond to different phonemes: distinctive / contrastive units

minimal pairs: pit – bit, right – wrote

minimal sets: pit, pat, pet, put, putt, pot

identical or at least overlapping distribution



(ii) allophones: conditioned variation: complementary distribution

predictable phonetic variants, nondistinctive/noncontrastive, redundant, conditioned/positional variants, physical realisations

allophony / allophonic variation

phonetic vs. phonemic representation:




(iii) free variation

when a contrast ceases to exist: neutralisation


e.g.:


e.g.:

- under zero stress: recall: all full vowel phonemes -> schwa, e.g., Japan-Japanese, Hungarian-Hungary, famous-infamous


e.g.:


- voicing contrast of obstruents after /s/:

/t/ vs. /d/ cf. e.g., tick vs. Dick

/p/ vs. /b/ cf. e.g., pier vs. beer etc.


e.g.:


- voicing contrast of obstruents after /s/:

/t/ vs. /d/ cf. e.g., tick vs. Dick

/p/ vs. /b/ cf. e.g., pier vs. beer etc.

but: s_... ?? cf. e.g., spear but *sb-

THE END

bbnan04000 angol fonológia ea. / english phonology …¡vosfonó-1... · • tongue position...

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