basic,eucosanoids, nsaid
DESCRIPTION
kjihuuoigyTRANSCRIPT
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ANALGESIC AND NSAIDS
Dr. Budhi Setiawan, M.Kes
Pharmacology
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OBJECTIVES
• List the major effects of prostaglandin and leucotriene
• List important sites of synthesis and the effects of thromboxane and prostacyclin in the vascular system
• List the currently available antagonists of leucotrienes and prostaglandins and their targets
• Explain the different effects of aspirin on prostaglandin synthesis and on leucotriene synthesis
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OBJECTIVES
• Contrast the functions of COX-1 & COX-2
• Describe the effects of Aspirin on prostaglandin synthesis
• Contrast the action and toxicity of Aspirin, the older non selective NSAIDs & COX-2 selective drugs
• List the toxic effect of Aspirin
• Describe the effects and the major toxicity of Acetaminophen
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TERMINOLOGY
• AINS Anti Inflamasi Non Steroid• NSAID Non Steroidal Anti Inflammation Drug• SAARD Slow Acting Anti Rheumatic Drug• DMARD Disease Modifying Anti Rheumatic
Drug• Analgesik Obat utk mengurangi nyeri sedang-
ringan• Antipiretik Obat utk menurunkan demam• Anti inflamasi Obat utk menghambat keradangan
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Pain
An unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or
potential tissue damage, or described in terms of such damage.
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Eicosanoid
• Klasifikasi : Prostaglandin, Prostasiklin, Tromboksan, Leukotrien
• Mekanisme Kerja : Aktifasi reseptor : protein G Adenylyl Cyclase (c AMP) / Phosphatidylinositol cascade ( IP3 & DAG)
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Penggunaan Klinis
• Obgyn : PGE2 (Dinoprostone), PGF2α, mematangkan Cervix, PGE1 (Misoprostol) Kontraksi uterus
• Pediatry : PGE1 Patent Duktus Arteriosus• Dialysis : PGI2 (Epoprostenol) Hipertensi
Pulmoner• Ulkus Peptikum AINS : Misoprostol• Urology : PGE1 (Alprostadil) Impotensi• Ophthalmology : PGE2α (Latanoprost)
Glaucoma, Unoprostone Meningkatkan out flow Humor Aqueous
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Antagonis Eicosanoid
• Kortiko steroid• AINS• Antagonis Leukotrien : Zileuton
Lypoxygenase inhibitor, Leukotrien receptor antagonist Zafirlukast, Montelukast
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Steps in Pain Control
1. NSAID or acetaminophen(Ibuprofen, Naprosyn, Tylenol)
2. Add adjuvant analgesic(TCA, Anticonvulsant, Tramadol)
3. Add opioid analgesic to above(codeine, hydrocodone, oxycodone)
4. Increase potency of opioid(morphine, Fentanyl, hydromorphone)
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Medications used for chronic pain management
• Acetaminophen
• NSAID’s
• Adjunct medications– Tricyclic antidepressants– Anitconvulsants– Serotonin reuptake inhibitors– Muscle relaxants
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Psychotropic Drugs
• Tricyclic Antidepressants– Amitryptiline, Nortryptiline
• Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors– Prozac, Zoloft
• Anticonvulsant– Tegretol, Dilantin, Gabapentin
• Effective for chronic nerve-related pain
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Ibuprofen - Advil Naproxen - Anaprox, NaprosynDiclofenac - VoltarenIndomethacin – IndocinPiroxicam - FeldeneMetamizole - NovalginMefenamic Acid - PonstanKetorolac Tromethamine – ToradolKetoprofen - Profenid
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AINS Selective COX-2
• Celecoxib
• Rofecoxib
• Nimesulide
• Meloxicam
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TOKSISITAS
• Gastritis
• Tinnitus
• Prolonged Bleeding Time
• Allergy
• Reyes syndrome Aspirin
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Analgesik Lainnya : Acetaminophen
• Sejak 1893 Paracetamol• Dipakai sebagai analgesik &
antipiretik• Tidak mempunyai efek anti inflamasi• Menghambat PG di sentral• Tidak mengiritasi lambung• Dosis besar hepatotoksik
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