basic concepts about matter
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Basic Concepts About Matter. Chemistry and Matter. Matter - anything that has mass and takes up space (has volume) What are some examples? Chemistry – the study of matter and the changes it undergoes What types of chemists are there? . Three phases (states) of matter. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Basic Concepts About Matter
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Chemistry and Matter
Matter - anything that has mass and takes up space (has volume)
What are some examples?
Chemistry – the study of matter and the changes it undergoes
What types of chemists are there?
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Three phases (states) of matter
What are the three phases of matter?
How do they compare in terms of shape, volume, and compressibility?
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Physical and Chemical Properties
Physical property – can be observed without changing the identity of the substance
What are some examples?
Chemical property – describes how a substance undergoes (or resists) change (chemically reacts) to form new substances
What are some examples?
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Physical and chemical changes
Physical change – substance changes in appearance but its identity is not changed
What are some examples?
Chemical change – substance changes (chemically reacts) in a way that changes its chemical composition and therefore changes its identity
What are some examples?
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Properties and Changes
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Pure substances and mixtures
Pure substance – can not be separated into simpler substances by physical means (as opposed to chemical reactions that break chemical “bonds”)
Mixture – two or more pure substances mingled in a way where each retains its own identity
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Pure substances
Element: Pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means (breaking bonds) 115 known
Compound: Pure substance made up of two or more elements chemically combined. Can be broken down into those elements by chemical means. 9 million known
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Mixtures
Homogeneous: Has one visible phaseHas the same composition throughoutExamples?
Heterogeneous:Has two or more visible phasesHas a different composition when sampled in different areasExamples?
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Relative abundance of elements
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Common elements and polyatomic ions The first three periods Family IA (the first six elements) Family IIA (the first five elements) Family VIIA (the first five elements) The following elements: Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn,
Ag, Sn, Au, Pb, Hg
Know the following polyatomic ions: NH4+
(ammonium ion), OH- (hydroxide ion), NO3- (nitrate
ion), NO2- (nitrite ion), SO3
2- (sulfite ion), SO42-
(sulfate ion), PO43- (phosphate ion), CO3
2- (carbonate ion), HCO3
- (bicarbonate ion)
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Atoms, molecules and compounds
Atom: smallest particle of an element that still has the properties of that element
Molecule: two or more atoms chemically combined
Compound: two or more atoms from different elements that are chemically combined
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Different types of
molecules
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Classify these as:a) diatomic, triatomic, etc…b) homoatomic or heteroatomicc) elemental or compound
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Chemical formulae
Tells you what elements are present in a molecule and the number of atoms of each type of element
Molecular formula: Tells you the elements and the actual number of each atom within the true molecule
Empirical formula: Tells you the elements and the lowest whole number ratio of each type of atom