basic audience need: love and belongedness do audience members feel “they belong?” the...
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Basic Audience Need: Basic Audience Need: Love and BelongednessLove and Belongedness
Do audience members feelDo audience members feel“they belong?”“they belong?”
The speaker’s challenge: to stimulate a The speaker’s challenge: to stimulate a cohesive and congenial atmospherecohesive and congenial atmosphere
Basic Audience Need:Basic Audience Need:Self EsteemSelf Esteem
Does the audience believeDoes the audience believethey will grasp your material?they will grasp your material?
What enhances/diminishesWhat enhances/diminishesself esteem in their workplace?self esteem in their workplace?
Consider how you can increase the Consider how you can increase the audience’s confidence about their skills, audience’s confidence about their skills, knowledge and motivationsknowledge and motivations
Basic Audience Need: Basic Audience Need: Self Actualization Self Actualization (“Be, all that you can be…”)(“Be, all that you can be…”)
What makes your audience feelWhat makes your audience feelself-actualized, professionally?self-actualized, professionally?
Consider how your key messagesConsider how your key messagescan contribute to audience self-can contribute to audience self-actualizationactualization
You can teach anythingYou can teach anythingif you believe in it andif you believe in it andyou can understand it.you can understand it.
Ralph MillerRalph MillerCoach, Iowa BasketballCoach, Iowa Basketball
Telling the Bad NewsTelling the Bad News
Tell it yourselfTell it yourself Control the messageControl the message
Tell it first, tell it quick, tell the truthTell it first, tell it quick, tell the truth Admit when you don’t know,Admit when you don’t know,
or can’t commentor can’t comment Find points of agreementFind points of agreement Acknowledge feelingsAcknowledge feelings
Yours and the audience’sYours and the audience’s
The worse the news,The worse the news,the more effort should gothe more effort should go
into communicating it.into communicating it.
Andrew S. GroveAndrew S. Grove
Emotion is Key to Audience Emotion is Key to Audience ActionAction
Emotional tone is created via:Emotional tone is created via: Vivid languageVivid language ExamplesExamples Speaker’s voice and non-verbalsSpeaker’s voice and non-verbals
Deep seated cultural changesDeep seated cultural changesrequire emotional investmentrequire emotional investment
Principles of Audience Principles of Audience IdentificationIdentification
Relate to the audienceRelate to the audience We tend to like people who likeWe tend to like people who like
the same things we likethe same things we like Perceived differences create imbalance and Perceived differences create imbalance and
cognitive dissonancecognitive dissonance
Build upon genuine points of commonalityBuild upon genuine points of commonality Avoid areas of differenceAvoid areas of difference
When Speaking To A When Speaking To A Friendly AudienceFriendly Audience
The speaker can be less formal and employ:The speaker can be less formal and employ: More casual clothingMore casual clothing Relaxed body postureRelaxed body posture Smiling and warm facial expressionsSmiling and warm facial expressions Humor Humor References to self References to self Vivid examples Vivid examples
You can safely employ almost any You can safely employ almost any organizational pattern organizational pattern
When Speaking To A When Speaking To A Hostile AudienceHostile Audience
Use a slow deliberate openingUse a slow deliberate opening Follow a chronological patternFollow a chronological pattern Use restrained body languageUse restrained body language Present balanced viewpoints and evidencePresent balanced viewpoints and evidence Avoid humor and self-referenceAvoid humor and self-reference Use strategic, calm, languageUse strategic, calm, language Control time, format, and Q&A formatControl time, format, and Q&A format Employ visible back-up by expertsEmploy visible back-up by experts
Speak when you are angrySpeak when you are angryand you’ll make the best speechand you’ll make the best speech
you will ever regret.you will ever regret.Ambrose BierceAmbrose Bierce
Anger is just one letter short of dAnger is just one letter short of dangeranger..UnknownUnknown
Wise men say nothingWise men say nothingin dangerous times.in dangerous times.
John SeldenJohn Selden
Use Effective LanguageUse Effective Language
Gender neutral Gender neutral Disability sensitiveDisability sensitive Avoid jargonAvoid jargon Employ a conversational style—this is not Employ a conversational style—this is not
the same as written language the same as written language Use shorter vs. longer sentencesUse shorter vs. longer sentences
The word The word wewe is ismuch more powerfulmuch more powerfulthan the word than the word theythey..
Richard A. MoranRichard A. Moran
Employ Strategic Employ Strategic RedundancyRedundancy Your message is just beginning toYour message is just beginning to
“get through” when you begin to get“get through” when you begin to getsick of sending it.sick of sending it.
What I tell you three timesWhat I tell you three timesis true.is true.
Lewis CarrollLewis Carroll
The T3 PrincipleThe T3 Principle
T1: Tell what you’ll tell themT1: Tell what you’ll tell them The introductionThe introduction
T2: Tell itT2: Tell it During the speechDuring the speech
T3: Tell them what you told themT3: Tell them what you told them The conclusionThe conclusion
Appeal to Different Appeal to Different Learner StylesLearner Styles Employ multiple modalitiesEmploy multiple modalities
Visual (“It’s easy to Visual (“It’s easy to seesee that…”) that…”) Auditory (“I Auditory (“I hearhear you”) you”) Tactile (“This approach Tactile (“This approach feelsfeels right”) right”)
If you’re trying to tell someone If you’re trying to tell someone something and you can see something and you can see that they don’t “get it,” tell that they don’t “get it,” tell
them a different way.them a different way.
Richard E. MoranRichard E. Moran
The difference between the The difference between the almost right word and the right almost right word and the right word is really a large matter -- word is really a large matter --
this the difference between this the difference between the the lightning buglightning bug and and
the the lightninglightning..Mark TwainMark Twain
Never assume people will Never assume people will understand acronyms.understand acronyms.
Richard A. MoranRichard A. Moran
Construct Clear Construct Clear MessagesMessages State a Central ThesisState a Central Thesis
This is the main idea, stated in one sentenceThis is the main idea, stated in one sentence“Feeding a baby with cleft palate requires “Feeding a baby with cleft palate requires simple but specialized feeding techniques”simple but specialized feeding techniques”
Observe a hierarchical organization patternObserve a hierarchical organization pattern Present 3-5 balanced messagesPresent 3-5 balanced messages
• Message 1 Message 1 (bottles)(bottles)• Message 2 Message 2 (positioning the baby)(positioning the baby)• Message 3 Message 3 (timing and burping)(timing and burping)
Strive for Clarity… Strive for Clarity…
It’s not the most intellectual It’s not the most intellectual job in the world, but I do have job in the world, but I do have
to know the letters.to know the letters.
Vanna WhiteVanna WhiteTV Game Show HostTV Game Show Host
Commit To Your TopicCommit To Your Topic
The topic should be of interest to you, The topic should be of interest to you, the speakerthe speaker
Believe in what you sayBelieve in what you say
Before you try to convince anybody else,Before you try to convince anybody else,be sure you are convinced, and if you be sure you are convinced, and if you
cannot convince yourself, drop the subject.cannot convince yourself, drop the subject.John H. PattersonJohn H. Patterson
You can teach anything if you believe in it You can teach anything if you believe in it and you can understand it.and you can understand it.
Ralph MillerRalph Miller
Except in poker, bridge, and similar play-Except in poker, bridge, and similar play-period activities, don't con anybody.period activities, don't con anybody.
Don’t con yourself either.Don’t con yourself either.Robert TownsendRobert Townsend
Take Time to PrepareTake Time to Prepare
All speeches require planning, good All speeches require planning, good organization and evidenceorganization and evidence
There is no substitute for advance There is no substitute for advance preparation preparation
The best impromptu speeches The best impromptu speeches are the ones written wellare the ones written well
in advance.in advance.
Ruth GordonRuth Gordon