bao cao thuc tap full libre 7988

B CNG THNG TRNG I HC CNG NGHIP TP.HCM

VIN CNG NGH SINH HC V THC PHM

BO CO THC TP TM HIU QUY TRNH SN XUT BIA

TI NH MY BIA SI GN HONG QUNH CNG TY C PHN BIA SI GN BNH TY

GVHD: TRN TH MAI ANH LP : DHTP7B SINH VIN THC HIN:

1. HONG TH HIN 11082371 2. NGUYN TH HUYN TRANG 11074331 3. NGUYN S NGUYN V 11077851

Thnh ph H Ch Minh, thng 9 nm 2014

SABIBECO

BO CO THC TP NH MY BIA SI GN HONG QUNH

i

LI M U Bia l mt trong nhng thc ung lu i nht m loi ngi to ra, c nin

i t nht t thin nin k th V_Trc Cng Nguyn, c ghi chp li trong cc th tch c i ca Ai Cp v Lng H.

Ni mt cch tng th bia l thc ung m c cn c sn xut bng qu trnh ln men ng l lng trong mi trng lng v khng c chng ct sau qu trnh ln men.

Dung dch ng khng ln men thu c t qu trnh ngm gi l hm ca bia hoc nc bia.

Ht ng cc thng thng l la mch c mang i . Cc ung c cn c ln men t s ln men ng c trong cc ngun

khng phi l ng cc v d nh nc hoa qu hoc mt ongkhng c gi l bia mc d cng c sn xut t mt loi men bia da trn cc phn ng sinh hc.

Do cc thnh phn s dng sn xut bia c s khc bit ty theo khu vc nn c trng v hng v v mu sc ca bia tng ni cng thay i khc nhau v do c khi nim loi bia hoc s phn loi khc nhau.

Ngy nay bia tr thnh mt loi thc ung khng ch c s dng trong cc ba tic ci, tic hp mt on vin sum vy trong nhng ngy L - Tt m n cn c xem nh mt thc ung gii kht cho mi ngi

Bia l thc ung c nh gi l c li cho sc khe nu bit s dng ng cch, khng lm dng. V bn cht bia l thuc cha cn thp cha nhiu enzyme amylase c li cho tiu ha v s tun hon ca mu ln no.

Vit Nam cng c rt nhiu cc thng hiu Bia ni ting nh Bia Si Gn, Bia 333, Bia i Vit hay Bia Hura

Sau y l phn tm hiu v quy trnh sn xut bia ca chng em sau mt thi gian thc tp ti Cng ty Bia Si Gn Hong Qunh.


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LI CM N Knh gi: Qu Thy C Trng i Hc Cng nghip Thnh Ph H Ch Minh

Nh my Bia Si Gn Hong Qunh Cng ty C phn Bia Si Gn Bnh Ty. Gio vin hng dn: Thc s Trn Th Mai Anh Chng em xin chn thnh cm n Thy C, Vin Cng Ngh Sinh Hc & Thc

Phm, Trng i Hc Cng Nghip Thnh Ph H Ch Minh xy dng nhng kin thc cn thit chng em c th thc hin tt bi bo co thc tp ln ny.

Chng em xin by t lng bit n chn thnh n c Trn Th Mai Anh ngi trc tip ch dn, truyn t kin thc cung cp nhng ti liu, ng gp kin cho chng em trong sut qu trnh hon thnh bo co.

Chng em xin chn thnh cm n Cng ty Bia Si Gn Hong Qunh, cng cn b, cng nhn vin trong nh my to iu kin tt nht cho chng em hc hi v hng dn ch o tn tnh trong thi gian chng em thc tp ti nh my.

Cui cng chng em chn thnh cm n nhng ngi gip chng em trong sut thi gian qua bi bo co c hon thnh tt p.

Tuy nhin, y l ln u tin tip xc vi thc t do kin thc v thi gian c hn nn kh trnh khi nhng thiu st. Knh mong s thng cm v gp ca qu thy c cng cc bn chng em c th cng c kin thc v rt ra kinh nghim cho bn thn.

Chng em chn thnh cm n !


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NHN XT CA GIO VIN HNG DN .................................................................................................................................

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TP.H Ch Minh, ngythng nm 2014 Xc nhn ca gio vin hng dn


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NHN XT CA GIO VIN PHN BIN .................................................................................................................................

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TP.H Ch Minh, ngythng nm 2014 Xc nhn ca gio vin phn bin


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MC LC TNG QUAN V NH MY ................................................................. 1 CHNG 1:

1.1. QU TRNH HNH THNH V PHT TRIN ............................................... 1 1.2. A IM XY DNG ..................................................................................... 2 1.3. B TR MT BNG NH MY ....................................................................... 2 1.4. T CHC NHN S .......................................................................................... 3

Trc thuc ph gim c sn xut ................................................................ 3 1.4.1. Trc thuc ph gim c nhn s ................................................................. 3 1.4.2. S t chc ................................................................................................. 3 1.4.3.

1.5. AN TON LAO NG V PHNG CHY CHA CHY ........................... 5 An ton lao ng ........................................................................................... 5 1.5.1. Phng chy cha chy ................................................................................... 5 1.5.2.

1.6. H THNG X L NC THI ..................................................................... 5 1.7. CC SN PHM BIA CA NH MY ........................................................... 8

NGUYN LIU SN XUT ................................................................ 15 CHNG 2:2.1. GII THIU CHUNG ....................................................................................... 15 2.2. MALT I MCH ............................................................................................ 15

c im cu to ht i mch .................................................................... 16 2.2.1. Cc ch tiu kim tra malt nguyn liu c s dng ti nh my ............. 18 2.2.2.

2.3. NGUYN LIU THAY TH: GO ................................................................. 19 2.4. HOA HOUBLON ............................................................................................... 19

Thnh phn ha hc ca hoa houblon ......................................................... 19 2.4.1. Cu to ca hoa houblon ............................................................................. 22 2.4.2. Vai tr ca hoa houblon trong sn xut bia ................................................. 23 2.4.3. Ch tiu cht lng ca hoa houblon s dng trong nh my ..................... 23 2.4.4.

2.5. NC ................................................................................................................. 24 Vai tr ca nc trong sn xut bia ............................................................. 24 2.5.1. Thnh phn ha hc ca nc sn xut ....................................................... 24 2.5.2. Yu cu ca nguyn liu nc nu bia ........................................................ 26 2.5.3. H thng x l nc v cp nc trong sn xut ........................................ 27 2.5.4.

2.6. NM MEN ......................................................................................................... 27


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2.7. NGUYN LIU PH GIA ................................................................................ 29 Ph gia s dng cho qu trnh nu .............................................................. 29 2.7.1. Ph gia s dng cho qu trnh ln men ....................................................... 30 2.7.2. Ph gia s dng cho qu trnh lc bia ......................................................... 30 2.7.3. Ha cht s dng cho qu trnh CIP ............................................................ 31 2.7.4. Ha cht s dng trong qu trnh x l nc cp ....................................... 33 2.7.5.

QUY TRNH SN XUT BIA TI NH MY BIA SI GN CHNG 3:HONG QUNH ......................................................................................................... 34

3.1. CNG ON X L NGUYN LIU ........................................................... 36 Cch tin hnh ............................................................................................. 36 3.1.1.

3.2. CNG ON NU BIA C C ................................................................... 40 Nu malt v go ........................................................................................... 40 3.2.1. Lc dch nha ................................................................................................ 48 3.2.2. un si dch ng vi houblon ................................................................. 50 3.2.3. Lng xoy v lm lnh nhanh ...................................................................... 51 3.2.4.

3.3. CNG ON LN MEN .................................................................................. 54 Mc ch ...................................................................................................... 54 3.3.1. Quy trnh cng ngh .................................................................................... 54 3.3.2. Cch tin hnh ............................................................................................. 55 3.3.3.

3.4. QU TRNH LC BIA ..................................................................................... 63 Quy trnh lc bia .......................................................................................... 63 3.4.1. Pha bia ......................................................................................................... 64 3.4.2. Quy trnh lc trong bia ................................................................................ 65 3.4.3. Tng tr bia sau lc ..................................................................................... 70 3.4.4.

CHIT BIA ............................................................................................. 71 CHNG 4:4.1. CHIT CHAI ...................................................................................................... 71

Quy trnh chit ............................................................................................. 71 4.1.1. Thuyt minh quy trnh ................................................................................. 72 4.1.2.

4.2. CHIT LON ....................................................................................................... 81 Quy trnh chit lon ....................................................................................... 81 4.2.1. Thuyt minh quy trnh ................................................................................. 82 4.2.2.

CC S C THNG GP V CCH KHC PHC ..................... 91 CHNG 5:


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5.1. S C TRONG QU TRNH NU ................................................................. 91 H thng ni nu go v malt, ni houblon. ............................................... 91 5.1.1. H thng ni lc. ......................................................................................... 92 5.1.2.

5.2. S C CNG ON LN MEN. ................................................................ 93 5.3. S C TRONG CNG ON LC. .............................................................. 93 5.4. S C TRONG QU TRNH HON THIN SN PHM. .......................... 93

THIT B ................................................................................................ 95 CHNG 6:6.1. THIT B CNG ON CHUN B NGUYN LIU .............................. 95

Thit b xay nghin go ............................................................................... 95 6.1.1. Thit b xay nghin malt .............................................................................. 95 6.1.2.

6.2. THIT B CNG ON H HA .................................................................. 97 Thit b nu go ........................................................................................... 97 6.2.1. Thit b nu malt .......................................................................................... 98 6.2.2. Thit b ni lc y bng ............................................................................. 99 6.2.3. Thit b un hoa ......................................................................................... 100 6.2.4. Thit b lng xoy v lm lnh nhnh ....................................................... 102 6.2.5.

6.3. THIT B CNG ON LN MEN .............................................................. 103 H thng tank ln men ............................................................................... 103 6.3.1.

6.4. THIT B CNG ON LC BIA ................................................................ 106 Thit b lc ng .......................................................................................... 106 6.4.1. Thit b lc a PVPP ................................................................................ 108 6.4.2. Thit b lc tinh: Trap filter. ...................................................................... 109 6.4.3.

QU TRNH CIP - KH TRNG TRONG NH MY .................... 111 CHNG 7:7.1. MC CH ...................................................................................................... 111 7.2. C IM CC LOI VT BN ................................................................ 111 7.3. HA CHT TY RA ................................................................................... 112

Cc tc nhn nh hng n qu trnh ty ra v sinh ............................. 112 7.3.1. Yu cu ca cht ty ra ........................................................................... 112 7.3.2. Tnh cht cc ha cht ty ra ................................................................... 113 7.3.3.

7.4. CHNG TRNH CIP TI NH MY ......................................................... 113 Khu nh nu ............................................................................................... 113 7.4.1. Khu nh ln men ........................................................................................ 114 7.4.2.


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Khu nh lc v chit .................................................................................. 116 7.4.3.PH LC .................................................................................................................... 118 TI LIU THAM KHO ........................................................................................... 121 KT LUN ................................................................................................................. 122


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DANH MC BNG Bng 1.1: Ch tiu cht lng bn thnh phm bia Si Gn Lager ................................. 9 Bng 1.2: Ch tiu cht lng bia Si Gn Lager ........................................................... 9 Bng 1.3: Ch tiu cht lng bn thnh phm bia Si Gn Export ............................. 11 Bng 1.4: Ch tiu cht lng bia Si Gn Export ........................................................ 11 Bng 1.5: Ch tiu cht lng bn thnh phm bia lon 333 Export .............................. 13 Bng 1.6: Ch tiu cht lng thnh phm bia lon 333 Export ..................................... 13 Bng 2.1: Thnh phn ha hc ca malt ....................................................................... 16 Bng 2.2: Ch tiu cht lng malt ti nh my ............................................................ 18 Bng 2.3: Ch tiu cht lng go ti nh my ............................................................. 19 Bng 2.4: Thnh phn ha hc ca hoa houblon .......................................................... 20 Bng 2.5: Tiu chun v hoa houblon ........................................................................... 23 Bng 2.6: Phn loi cng ca nc .......................................................................... 25 Bng 2.7: Tiu chun nc nu bia ............................................................................... 26 Bng 2.8: Phn bit nm men chm v nm men ni .................................................... 28 Bng 3.1: Qu trnh lng xoy v lm lnh nhanh ........................................................ 52 Bng 3.2: Tiu chun bia sau pha .................................................................................. 64 Bng 3.3 Cc thng s kim sot trong qu trnh lc .................................................... 68 Bng 4.1: Tiu chun lon khi ghp m .......................................................................... 86 Bng 7.1: c im cc loi vt bn trong qu trnh CIP ........................................... 111 Bng 7.2: K hoch CIP nh nu ................................................................................. 113 Bng 7.3: K hoch CIP nh ln men.......................................................................... 115 Bng 7.4: K hoch CIP nh lc v chit .................................................................... 117 Bng I: Phiu theo di qu trnh nu ca mt m nu ca cng ty ............................. 118 Bng II: Bng theo di ca qu trnh ln men ti nh my ......................................... 119


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DANH MC HNH S 1.1: Mt bng tng th nh my Bia Si Gn Hong Qunh ............................... 2 S 1.2: T chc nhn s nh my Bia Si Gn Hong Qunh ................................. 4 S 1.3: X l nc thi sn xut theo phng php truyn thng ............................. 7 Hnh 1.1: Bia chai Si Gn Lager .................................................................................. 8 Hnh 1.2: Bia chai Si Gn Export ................................................................................ 10 Hnh 1.3: Bia lon 333 Export ........................................................................................ 12 Hnh 2.1: Malt i mch ................................................................................................ 15 Hnh 2.2: S h thng x l v cp nc trong sn xut ......................................... 27 Hnh 3.1: S quy trnh cng ngh tng qut ............................................................ 35 Hnh 3.2: S quy trnh x l nguyn liu ................................................................. 36 Hnh 3.3 : Quy trnh x l go ...................................................................................... 37 Hnh 3.4 : S quy trnh x l malt ............................................................................ 38 Hnh 3.5: S quy trnh nu bia c c ...................................................................... 41 Hnh 3.6: Gin nu bia .............................................................................................. 43 Hnh 3.7: S qu trnh ln men ................................................................................. 54 Hnh 3.8: Gin ln men chng men VLB ................................................................. 56 Hnh 3.9: S qu trnh lc bia ................................................................................... 63 Hnh 4.1 : S quy trnh chit chai ............................................................................. 71 Hnh 4.2: Khu tip nhn v chai .................................................................................... 72 Hnh 4.3: My ra chai .................................................................................................. 73 Hnh 4.4: S h thng ra chai ................................................................................. 73 Hnh 4.5: Kim tra chai ................................................................................................. 74 Hnh 4.6: S thit b chit ......................................................................................... 75 Hnh 4.7: H thng thit b chit rt v ng np ......................................................... 76 Hnh 4.8: Nhit thanh trng bia Si Gn Export ...................................................... 77 Hnh 4.9: Biu nhit thanh trng ......................................................................... 77 Hnh 4.10: Kim tra chai sau thanh trng...................................................................... 78 Hnh 4.11: Thit b dn nhn ......................................................................................... 79 Hnh 4.12: Thit b ra kt ............................................................................................ 80 Hnh 4.13: S quy trnh chit lon ............................................................................. 81


xi

Hnh 4.14: H thng cp lon .......................................................................................... 82 Hnh 4.15: H thng ra lon .......................................................................................... 82 Hnh 4.16: My chit lon ............................................................................................... 83 Hnh 4.17: My ghp m ................................................................................................ 84 Hnh 4.18: H thng np np lon vo my ghp m ...................................................... 85 Hnh 1.19: H thng thanh trng ................................................................................... 86 Hnh 4.20: Biu thanh trng bia lon ......................................................................... 87 Hnh 4.21: Thit b kim tra th tch lon ....................................................................... 89 Hnh 4.22: Dy chuyn ng thng ............................................................................... 89 Hnh 6.1: My nghin ba ............................................................................................. 95 Hnh 6.2: Cu to my nghin malt t ........................................................................ 96 Hnh 6.3: Cu to ni nu go ....................................................................................... 97 Hnh 6.4: Cu to ni nu malt ...................................................................................... 98 Hnh 6.5: Thit b ni lc y bng ............................................................................... 99 Hnh 6.6: Thit b un si hoa ..................................................................................... 101 Hnh 6.7: Cu to thit b un hoa ............................................................................... 101 Hnh 6.8: Cu to thit b lng xoy ............................................................................ 102 Hnh 6.9: My lm lnh nhanh kiu tm bn .............................................................. 103 Hnh 6.10: H thng tank ln men ............................................................................... 104 Hnh 6.11: Cu to tank ln men ................................................................................. 104 Hnh 6.12: H thng ng ng v panel ................................................................... 105 Hnh 6.13: Cu to thit b lc ng.............................................................................. 107 Hnh 6.14: Mt ngoi thit b lc ng.......................................................................... 107 Hnh 6.15: Thit b lc a PVPP ................................................................................ 108 Hnh 6.16: Cu to thit b lc a PVPP .................................................................... 108 Hnh 6.17: Thit b lc tinh ......................................................................................... 109 Hnh 6.18: Cu to thit b lc tinh Trap filter ............................................................ 110


Trang 1

CHNG 1: TNG QUAN V NH MY 1.1. QU TRNH HNH THNH V PHT TRIN

Cng ty c phn Bia Si Gn Bnh Ty (vit tt l SABIBECO) c thnh lp theo Lut Doanh Nghip v i vo hot ng theo giy chng nhn ng k kinh doanh s: 0304116373 do S K hoch v u t thnh ph H Ch Minh cp ngy 25 thng 11 nm 2005, thay i ln th 6 ngy 31/03/2011. Ban u Cng ty ch c mt chi nhnh l Nh my bia Si Gn Bnh Dng, ta lc ti khu cng nghip Tn ng Hip B, x Tn ng Hip, huyn D An, tnh Bnh Dng, khu t hnh ch nht, din tch khun vin: 143m * 489,74m = 70.033m2. Nh my bt u ng th, xy dng vo ngy 05 thng 01 nm 2006 (06/12/2005 m lch), vi cng sut 120 triu lt/nm. Sau 12 thng thi cng, nh my i vo vn hnh th v ngy 20/04/2007 cho ra i sn phm u tin l bia chai mang nhn hiu Si Gn , dung tch 355ml. Ngy 17/01/2008 S K hoch v u t thnh ph H Ch Minh ng cho php st nhp Cng ty c phn Hong Qunh vo Cng ty c phn bia Si Gn Bnh Ty v tr thnh chi nhnh th hai mang tn Nh my bia Si Gn Hong Qunh, cng sut 100 triu lt/nm.

Nh my bia Si Gn Hong Qunh c trang b my mc, thit b hin i hng u trong nc v Chu u; sn xut bia theo cng ngh ca Tng Cng ty c phn Bia, Ru, Nc gii kht Si Gn; i ng k s v cng nhn lnh ngh, tr, nng ng, sng to, y nhit huyt, c o to chuyn mn bi bn v ngy cng trng thnh, hon ton c th lm ch k thut cng ngh, i ng qun l c kinh nghim.

Nh my cung cp cc sn phm bia mang thng hiu ca Tng Cng ty c phn Bia, Ru, Nc gii kht Si Gn, hin ti l sn phm bia chai loi 355ml, bia lon 333ml, bia chai Si Gn Special 330ml v trong tng lai l cc sn phm khc c ghi trong giy chng nhn ng k kinh doanh.

Vi dy chuyn cng ngh tin tin, trang thit b hin i, ngun nguyn liu c nhp t nc ngoi nn sn phm ca cng ty lun t cht lng cao v c khch hng a chung. Hin nay, thng hiu Bia Si Gn c mt hu ht trn th trng cc tnh min Trung, Cao Nguyn, Nam B v tr thnh nt vn ha c trng


Trang 2

ca thnh ph Si Gn. ng thi, cng vi i ng cn b tr c trnh chuyn mn cao, i ng cng nhn c k thut lnh ngh v cc thit b hin i, cng ty khng ngng m rng th trng vi phng chm Uy tn - Cht lng - Hiu qu p ng nhu cu ca khch hng v pht trin cng ty ln mnh hn. 1.2. A IM XY DNG

Nh my Bia Si Gn - Hong Qunh c xy dng ti s A73/1 - ng s 7 - Khu cng nghip Vnh Lc, Q.Bnh Tn, Tp.H Ch Minh

Tng din tch mt bng: 21922m2

Din tch mt bng xy dng: 12500m2 1.3. B TR MT BNG NH MY

Nh my Bia Si Gn Hong Qunh c chia thnh nhiu phn xng, phng v c b tr theo s sau:

S 1.1: Mt bng tng th nh my Bia Si Gn Hong Qunh


Trang 3

1.4. T CHC NHN S Hin nay ti nh my c khong 250 nhn vin ang lm vic cc b phn

khc nhau, trong bao gm cc n v sau: Trc thuc ph gim c sn xut 1.4.1.

- Phng k thut - Phn xng cng ngh - Phn xng chit - Phng KCS - Phn xng c - nhit - in - X l nc thi

Trc thuc ph gim c nhn s 1.4.2.- Phng hnh chnh - nhn s - Phng vt t nh my - Phng thng k nh my

S t chc 1.4.3.


Trang 4

S 1.2: T chc nhn s nh my Bia Si Gn Hong Qunh

Hi ng Qun Tr

Ban Tng Gim c

Phng k ton tng cng ty

Nh my Bnh Dng

Ban gim c nh my Hong Qunh

Phng vt t tng cng ty

PG Sn xut PG Nhn s

Phng Hnh chnh Nhn s

Phng thng k nh my

Phng k thut

Cng xng

Cn tin

Kho thnh phm, chai, kt

Kho vt t

Bc xp, xe nng

X l nc thi

KCS Cc phn xng

Phn xng c in

L hi

Kh nn, CO2

Lm lnh

Phn xng chit

Chit chai 1

Chit chai 2

Chit lon

Phn xng cng ngh

X l nc nu

Ln men Lc

Nu

Phng vt t nh my


Trang 5

1.5. AN TON LAO NG V PHNG CHY CHA CHY An ton lao ng 1.5.1.

Cng nhn trc tip vn hnh c hng dn cc thao tc vn hnh thit b v c kh nng thch ng cao trong mi trng hp, lm vic theo quy tc nghim ngt. Mi thng tin v qun l, iu hnh u da trn qu trnh nghin cu chuyn su v c ghi chp li mt cch cn thn thun tin cho vic kim tra v khc phc.

mi my u nim yt cch vn hnh, mi s c u c cc chuyn gia x l kp thi nhanh chng m bo tin ca sn xut v an ton. Cc my mc c kim tra v bo tr theo nh k.

Cc ha cht s dng trong nh my u c dn nhn khoa hc, trnh s nhm ln trong khi s dng.

Phng chy cha chy 1.5.2.Cng nhn thng xuyn c hun luyn v cng tc phng chy cha chy.

Ban lnh o nh my lun ch trng nng cao thc ca cng nhn v vn ny. H thng in c b tr mt cch hp l, an ton bng h thng cu dao t

ng, gim ti mc ti thiu vic s dng la trong nh my. Bn cnh , nh my cn b tr cc bnh cha chy cc b phn sn xut v rn luyn thc cao cho ton b nhn vin trong nh my. Trong qu trnh sn xut, nh my lun tp trung vo mc ch an ton, v sinh, cht lng. 1.6. H THNG X L NC THI Cc ngun pht sinh v c tnh ca nc thi

Nc thi l dng cht thi ch yu, gy nhim chnh trong sn xut bia. Nc thi nh my c chia lm 3 loi khc nhau:

- Nc thi sinh hot: lng nc do cng nhn s dng v thi ra. - Nc chy trn b mt: lng nc ny ch yu l nc ma c lu lng

ln vo ma ma, cn ma kh th khng ng k. c trng ca nc thi ny l cun theo cc cht ri vi trn b mt nh my. Nhn chung nhim cc cht hu c ha tan l nh. Nc thi ny c chy trn vo cc ngun nc mt, vo cng rnh ca nh my.


Trang 6

- Nc thi sn xut: l nc thi c nhim hu c cao do c trng ca nguyn liu u vo l go, malt cng vi c tnh cng ngh sn xut. Qua kho st cng ngh sn xut hu nh tt c mi cng on sn xut u sn sinh nc thi. Cc dng nc thi sn xut trong nh my gm nc v sinh nh xng, thit b, cc thng ln men, thng cha bia, chai, nc bia ri vi trong cng on rt bia chai, lon, nc thi cng on lc dch nha, tch cc cht l lng hoc men bia.... Nc thi sn xut bia c c im l cha hm lng cht hu c cao d phn hy sinh hc nh: protein, amino acid, hydratcarbon, acid hu c, ru hu c

Lng nc thi ln: khong 7-10m3/1000 lt bia thnh phm. nh hng ca nc thi ti mi trng Nc thi sn xut bia c hm lng cc cht hu c cao nu khng x l m

x trc tip vo ngun tip nhn (sng, h) s nh hng rt ln ti h sinh thi ni ny. Chng to iu kin cho vi khun k kh hot ng sinh ra cc kh CH4, CO2, H2S, c mi hi thi, c hi.

Ngun nc b nhim bn lm mt s cn bng sinh thi t nhin. Gy ra nhiu bin i v sinh l, vt l, ha hc ca thy sinh vt (cc loi to

xanh pht trin mnh gy nguy him cho h sinh thi nc, lm thay i chu k sinh hc ca cc loi ng vt nc, kch thch s tng trng ca vi sinh vt gy bnh).

Tm li cc cht hu c d chuyn ha sinh hc trong nc thi nu khng c x l kp thi s b thi ra, lm mt m quan c s, gy nhim t, nc, khng kh, nh hng ti sc khe ca cng nhn v cng ng dn c xung quanh. Quy trnh cng ngh truyn thng x l nc thi


Trang 7

S 1.3: X l nc thi sn xut theo phng php truyn thng Thuyt minh quy trnh

B hm sau khi lc c bm ra b cha ring v bn cho nng dn lm phn bn hay ch bin thc n cho gia sc.

Nc thi sn xut bia c thu gom qua song chn rc (SCR) vo b tip nhn. Song chn rc c nhim v loi b cc tp cht c kch thc ln nh bao b ni lng, ng htnm ln trong nc thi.

Nc thi t b tip nhn c bm ln b iu ha sau khi qua li v trng lc . Li v trng lc l thit b lc tinh dng loi b phn rc mn. B iu ha gi chc nng iu ha nc thi v lu lng v nng .

Nc thi tip tc c dn vo b lc sinh hc k kh (UASB) nhm phn hy cc cht hu c phc tp thnh cc cht hu c n gin v chuyn ha chng thnh CH4, CO2, H2SSau , nc thi c a sang b lc sinh hc hiu kh. B lc sinh hc hiu kh va c nhim v x l tip phn BOD5, COD cn li va lm gim mi hi c trong nc thi.

iu chnh pH Kh nn

Li v trng lc

B iu ha

SCR B tip nhn

Nc thi sn xut bia

B sinh hc hiu kh

B UASB

B kh trng

B lng Nc thi u ra

Bn thi

Kh Biogas

Bn hon lu

Bn d

Kh nn

Clo


Trang 8

Sau khi x l b lc sinh hc hiu kh nc thi tip tc chy sang b lng lng bn hot tnh. Lng bn ny c rt khi b lng bng h thng bm bn v tun hon v b lc sinh hc hiu kh, bn d c dn v b nn bn.

Nc thi t b lng tip tc chy qua b kh trng nhm tiu dit vi trng v mm bnh c trong nc thi. Sau khi ra khi b kh trng nc thi s t tiu chun TCVN 5945-2005 loi A, B ri thi ra khu x l nc thi tp trung ca khu cng nghip Vnh Lc. 1.7. CC SN PHM BIA CA NH MY

Cc sn phm chnh ca nh my bao gm: Sn phm bia chai Si Gn Lager, Si Gn Export, sn phm bia lon 333 Export. Sn phm bia chai Si Gn Lager

Hnh 1.1: Bia chai Si Gn Lager

Thng tin chung v sn phm - Chng loi sn phm: Bia Lager. - cn: 4.3% th tch. - Dung tch: 450ml. - Thnh phn: nc, malt, go, houblon. - Bao b: ng chai thy tinh mu nu, 20 chai/kt nha. - Hng dn s dng: Ngon hn khi ung lnh, tt nht l 10 12oC. - Hng dn bo qun: bo qun ni kh ro v thong mt. Trnh tip xc trc tip

vi nh sng mt tri. - S cng b cht lng: TCCS 1 : 2008. - Th trng: Bia chai Si Gn Lager c sn xut v phn phi rng ri trn khp

c nc.


Trang 9

- Thng ip: Si Gn Lager Bia ca ngi Vit Nam. Cc ch tiu cht lng bn thnh phm v thnh phm Bng 1.1: Ch tiu cht lng bn thnh phm bia Si Gn Lager

Ch tiu Bia Si Gn Lager

Mong mun Chp nhn

oP biu kin 1.56 2.34

cn 4.4 4.55 4.05 4.59

oP nguyn thy 10.30 10.10 10.79

Hm lng CO2 5.1 4.5 5.8

chua 1.4 1.20 1.55

mu 6.0 5.5 7.5

c


Trang 10

c


Trang 11

Bng 1.3: Ch tiu cht lng bn thnh phm bia Si Gn Export

Ch tiu Bia Si Gn Export

Mong mun Chp nhn

oP biu kin 1.65 2.34

cn 5.0 5.05 4.65 5.19

oP nguyn thy 11.40 11.05 11.79

Hm lng CO2 5.3 4.5 5.8

chua 1.5 1.30 1.65

mu 6.5 6.0 7.5

c


Trang 12

ng 21 18 - 24

Diacetyl 0.07


Trang 13

Bng 1.5: Ch tiu cht lng bn thnh phm bia lon 333 Export

Ch tiu Bia lon 333 Export

Mong mun Chp nhn

ng biu kin 1.65 2.44

cn 5.4 5.45 5.05 5.59

oP nguyn thy 12.30 11.95 12.89

Hm lng CO2 5.3 4.6 5.8

chua 1.6 1.40 1.75

mu 7.5 6.0 8.0

c


Trang 14

ng 23 20 26

Diacetyl 0.07


Trang 15

CHNG 2: NGUYN LIU SN XUT 2.1. GII THIU CHUNG

Bia c sn xut t cc nguyn liu chnh l: Malt i mch, hoa houblon, nm men, nc.

nc ta hin nay, ngun nguyn liu chnh sn xut bia u nhp t nc ngoi l malt i mch v hoa houblon. Nhiu nm gn y Vit Nam trng th cy i mch v hoa houblon trong mt s vng pha Bc, Lt, Lm ng nhng nng sut thu hoch cn thp v cht lng cha t yu cu.

Th liu c s dng nhiu nht Vit Nam l go v go gip gim gi thnh, gip ci thin mi v v bo qun lu hn. 2.2. MALT I MCH

Malt l sn phm c ny mm, sau sy kh v tch mm t ht i mch, thuc h Hordeum Jessen ca nhm thc vt c ht. Trong bia malt l nguyn liu chnh, rt quan trng, nh hng tin quyt n cht lng sn phm.

Hnh 2.1: Malt i mch Malt sau khi ny mm l mt sn phm rt giu protein, h enzyme, xc tc cho

qu trnh sinh hc din ra trong qu trnh nu v ln men to sn phm c hng v c trng ring. nc ta, do iu kin kh hu khng thch hp cho i mch pht trin nn malt trong sn xut bia thng nhp cc nc ng u.


Trang 16

Bng 2.1: Thnh phn ha hc ca malt

Thnh phn ha hc ca malt i mch ph thuc vo ging i mch, iu kin t ai, kh hu, k thut trng v iu kin bo qun.

c im cu to ht i mch 2.2.1.

Thnh phn Malt (%)

Tinh bt 58 60 ng saccharose 3 5 ng kh 3 4 Nhng ng khc 2

Cht dng gum 2 4 Hemicellulose 6 8 Cellulose 5

Lipid 2 3 Protein th (N*6.25) 8 11 Protein dng ha tan th mui: Albumin, Globulin 2

Glutein Protein 2

Acid amin v peptid 3 4 Acid nucleic 1 2 Tro 0.2 0.3 Nhng cht cn li 2.26 7


Trang 17

i mch c phn thnh hai loi v nhiu ging khc nhau. C hai nhm i mch : i mch ma ng (ht gieo gia thng chn) v i mch ma xun (ht gieo vo gia thng ba v thng 4).

i mch c hai loi: i mch hai hng (Hordeum Distichum) v i mch a hng (Hordeum Polystichum)

i mch hai hng to, y n, v tru c np nhn u mng. Do loi i mch ny c hm lng c ch tng i ln, ng thi lng v t nn cha khng nhiu cc hp cht polyphenol v hp cht ng. Cc ht rt ng u v c hm lng cht ha tan tng i cao. Chng c tt c cc c im mong mun cho sn xut malt v bia.

Ht i mch a hng c kch c khng ng nht, cc ht mng hn v u ht ni mc ru b un cong. Chng thng dng sn xut thc n cho gia sc.

Ht i mch cha cc thnh phn sau: - Enzyme.

- Ni nh: Cha nhiu tinh bt nht, mt t protein, cellulose, cht bo, tro, ng.

- Aloron: Giu protein, cht bo, ng, cellulose, vitamin, cht tro. - Phi: Cha amylase. - V ht: Cha cht mu, cht ng, cht cht nh hng n cht lng

bia. V i mch gm nhiu lp khc nhau, chia thnh ba phn chnh: v ht, v qu, v tru.

- H2O: Chim nhiu nht l 13%. - Glucid: a phn l tinh bt. Ngoi ra cn cha cellulose, hemicellulose,

pectin, saccharid (saccharose, glucose, fructose). - Hp cht cha Nito gm: Protid, pepton, polypeptid, acid amin tham gia

phn ng melanoid to mu vng, v ngt, thm. - Cht bo, lipid: Nu c t s to mi v thm, nhiu qu s lm gim bt. - Hp cht khng cha Nito: Polyphenol, cht ng - Vitamin.

- Khong.


Trang 18

Cc ch tiu kim tra malt nguyn liu c s dng ti nh my 2.2.2.Malt c s dng ti nh my l malt vng c nhp t Php, c, New

Zealand nhng ch yu l c nhp t c. Cc ch tiu kim tra malt theo yu cu ca Tng cng ty c phn Bia, Ru, Nc gii kht Si Gn.

Malt c ng bao kn loi 50 kg c vn chuyn bng container ti nh my, sau khi kim tra t cht lng malt c bo qun trong cc silo. Nh my c 4 silo bo qun malt trong mi silo c sc cha t 200 - 300 tn. Yu cu k thut v cm quan:

- Mu sc: c mu vng sng hoc vng rm ng nht, khng m mc. - Mi : c mi ti, thm ngt hoc thm c trng ca malt, khng c mi

chua, l. - V: c v ngt du nh. - cng: malt phi xp v kh. - mn: khng c xay qu nhuyn to mt lp v tru gip lc d dng. - Tp cht: khng ln sn, rm, rc, su mt v cc tp cht khc. - Kch thc v hnh dng: ng u v y n.

Bng 2.2: Ch tiu cht lng malt ti nh my

STT Tn ch tiu kim tra n v Yu cu

1 m % 5 2 Hot lc WK 260 350

3 Protein tng hp % 9.5 11.5

4 Kch thc ht > 2.5 mm Kch thc ht < 2.2 mm %

85 1.5 5 trong 0EBC 5.0 6 Thi gian ng ha Pht 15 7 mu 0EBC 3.0-4.5

8 Hm lng protein ha tan % 4 4.7


Trang 19

9 pH 5.8 6.2

10 Ch s Kolbach 38 - 43

2.3. NGUYN LIU THAY TH: GO h gi thnh sn xut, ci tin mi v ca bia v nhm mc ch bo qun

c lu di, nh my Bia Si Gn Hong Qunh dng go t lm nguyn liu thay th v y l ngun nguyn liu rt di do ti Vit Nam (Vit Nam ng th hai th gii v xut khu go). Go cha nhiu tinh bt v protein nn trong qu trnh nu ta thu c mt lng ln cc cht ha tan. Bng 2.3: Ch tiu cht lng go ti nh my

STT Ch tiu kim sot n v Tiu chun

1 m % 14.5 2 Tp cht % 0.05 3 T l tm loi


Trang 20

Thnh phn ha hc ca hoa houblon c vai tr quan trng i vi cht lng bia ph thuc vo ging, iu kin kh hu, t ai gieo trng v k thut canh tc trn cc thnh phn ha hc ca hoa c s khc nhau (tnh theo % cht kh):

Thnh phn ha hc ca hoa ph thuc vo chng ging, iu kin kh hu, t ai gieo trng, thnh phn ca hoa.

Bng 2.4: Thnh phn ha hc ca hoa houblon

STT

Thnh phn Hm lng (%)

1 Nc 10 -11

2 Cht ng 15 -20

3 Polyphenol 2 5

4 Protein 15 17

5 Amino acid 0.1

6 Cht khong 5-8

7 Tinh du thm 0.5 1.5

8 Monosaccarit 2

9 Pectin 2

10 Lipit v sp 3

11 Tanin 2 - 5

12 Xenlulose, lignin v cc cht khc 40-50

Cc hp cht ng Trong hoa houblon, cc cht ng c gi tr nht v nm trong ht lupulin, m

trong thc t cha ai tm c cc cht ny trong cc loi hoa khc. Lupulin to ra 85 -95% cht ng trong bia, n c hot ng b mt ln, v ng mnh (to bt, gi bt) v tnh khng khun mnh, ha tan t trong nc.


Trang 21

Vai tr ca cht ng trong sn xut bia rt ln, chng to cho bia c v ng du, to ra mt c tnh cm quan rt c trng cho bia. Khi ha tan vo dch ng v tn ti trong bia, cc cht ng l hn hp cht c c tnh sinh hc cao to ra sc cng b mt gip cho bia c kh nng gi bt rt lu. Vi nng thp cc cht ng cng c kh nng c ch rt mnh s pht trin ca vi sinh vt. V vy chng c tnh khng khun rt cao v nh lm tng bn sinh hc cho bia thnh phm.

Thnh phn cht ng trong hoa houblon gm nhiu hp cht (tnh theo % cht kh):

acid ng (6 9%) l cu t ng quan trng nht bao gm 6 hp cht: humulon, cohumulon, adhumulon, prehumulon, posthumulon v 4-deoxyhumulon.

Kh nng ha tan ca acid ng trong nc khong 500mg/l, trong dch ng vi hoa houblon cc cht houblon khng ha tan trc tip vo m chng phi tri qua giai on trung gian l qu trnh ng phn ha. Sau cc cht ng phn ny ha tan v b phn hy thnh cc sn phm c ng cao hn nhiu so vi hp cht nguyn thy. - acid ng (chim 3-4%) gm: lupulon, colupulon, adlupulon, prelupulon. Lupulon l hp cht dng tinh th, mu trng dng lng knh hoc dng que di nng chy 920C. So vi humulon th lupulon km ng hn nhng tnh khng khun cao hn. Nha mm (5- 6%) l polymer ca cc acid ng, l cht v nh hnh, cha c xc nh v thnh phn ha hc. Kh nng ha tan vo dch ng ca nha mm c hn - acid ng v vy chng to ra c lc ng kh ln cho bia. Nha cng (1-2%) l polymer ca cc acid ng nhng mc cao hn so vi nha mm. Chng c hnh thnh trong qu trnh sy v bo qun. Cu t ny hu nh khng ha tan vo nc v dch ng, chng thi ra ngoi theo cn ng. y l hp cht khng c gi tr trong sn xut bia. Tinh du thm

L nhng cht lng trong sut mu vng nht hoc khng mu, tinh du thm c mi thm rt mnh, d ha tan trong ru etylic nng cao. Cc tinh du thm trong houblon c to thnh trong i lupulin v cho houblon hng thm c trng. Tinh du hoa houblon khng phi l n cht m c hn 200 hp cht to thnh, chng


Trang 22

c chia lm 3 loi: hydrocacbon, cc cht cha lu hunh, v cc hp cht cha oxy. Trong hp cht cha nhiu nht l hydrocacbon (75%) nhng cng l thnh phn d bay hi nht.

Tinh du thm khi ha tan vo dch ng, tn ti trong bia v to ra cho n mt mi thm c trng, rt nh nhng v d chu. Trong thi gian un si dch ng vi hoa houblon c n 98% lng tinh du thm bay ra ngoi theo hi nc. Polyphenol

C tnh cht quan trng trong sn xut bia: v gt kt hp vi phc protein phc hp km bn vng, b oxy ha thnh cc hp cht mu nu , phlobaphen, chng hp vi cc mui st thnh cc hp cht en, lm n nh thnh phn v tng bn keo ca bia thnh phm. Cht bo v sp

Cc loi hoa houblon ht cha lng cht bo v sp nhiu hn cc loi houblon khng c dng ht. Cc acid bo t do ch yu l cc acid linoleic v linolenic l nhng acid c th tham gia vo qu trnh sn xut bia to thnh trans-2-noneral.

Cc cht sp ng vai tr quan trng trong sn xut bia. Hm lng ca n dao ng trong khong 0.5 5% v n chnh l este ca acid bo mch di v cc ru bc cao. Cc nguyn t khong

Thnh phn cc nguyn t khong rt phong ph. Cc gc nitrat ng vai tr quan trng trong kh nng hnh thnh cc hp cht nitro ha khng bay hi trong qu trnh sn xut bia. Hoa houblon v nc chnh l ngun cung cp nitrat cho dch ng.

Cu to ca hoa houblon 2.4.2.Hoa houblon c nhng thnh phn chnh nh sau: cung hoa, cnh hoa v nhng

ht lupulin vng ng ta phn hoa. Nhng ht phn hoa ny cha cht ng v cht thm ca hoa houblon. Ngi ta phi chng minh rng iu kin thi tit nhiu nh sang mt tri th hoa s c nhiu ht lupulin hn.

Hin nay trn th gii c khong hn 100 ging hoa houblon.


Trang 23

Hoa houblon c dng hnh chy di t 3 - 4cm, mu hoa khi chn thng t mu vng n mu vng ng. Trng lng tng phn ca hoa nh sau (tnh theo % khi lng cht kh):

Cnh v nhy hoa chim 66 67% Ht lupulin 19 20% Trc hoa 7 - 8% Cung hoa 5 - 6% Vai tr ca hoa houblon trong sn xut bia 2.4.3.

Hoa houblon l thnh phn nguyn liu chnh th hai sau malt: Lm cho bia c v ng du. To hng thm c trng. Tng kh nng to bt v gi bt Tng bn keo v n nh thnh phn sinh hc ca sn phm. C tnh khng khun.

Ch tiu cht lng ca hoa houblon s dng trong nh my 2.4.4.Bng 2.5: Tiu chun v hoa houblon

Loi hoa Tiu chun

Hoa vin

Chng loi Hoa vin thm, Pellet Type45, chng Perle v Aurora (Slovenia) mong mun 8.0 % acid ng.

Ngoi quan Mu xanh oliu, mi thm c trng cho hoa houblon.

Tnh trng bao b Nguyn bao, HSD cn li 6 thng. Ngun gc Vng Haillertau - c, Slovenia


Trang 24

Hoa cao

Chng loi Houblon cao, CO2 Extact, 30 - 65% acid ng. Ngoi quan Mu vng m hoc xanh oliu, khng

b bin tnh, mi thm c trng ca houblon.

Tnh trng bao b Nguyn lon, HSD cn li 6 thng. Ngun gc Chu u, Bc M, Chu c.

Hoa houblon s dng trong nh my sn xut bia l hoa vin v hoa cao. Nh my s dng hai loi hoa vin l hoa vin thng v hoa vin 45 HPE 10%. Trong hoa HPE c nhiu cht ng hn, mu m hn, kch thc nh hn hoa vin thng. 2.5. NC

Vai tr ca nc trong sn xut bia 2.5.1.Nc l nguyn liu khng th thiu trong sn xut bia chim khong 80%. Nc

c vai tr quan trng, c nh hng ln n cht lng bia.Nc l mi trng cho qu trnh thy phn v ha tan.

Trn dy chuyn cng ngh chnh nc c dng trong qu trnh sn xut malt, nghin t malt v th liu, nu go v malt, pha long dung dch ln men v nh vy nc tr thnh thnh phn chnh ca sn phm. Ngoi ra, nc cn c dng cc qu trnh khc nh: lm lnh, lm nng, ra dng c thit b, v sinh khu vc sn xut

Thnh phn ha hc ca nc sn xut 2.5.2.Nc l mt dung dch long ca cc mui dng ion. Nhm cation chim nhiu nht l Ca2+, Mg2+, H+, Na+, Mn2+, Al3+. Nhm anion ch yu l nhm OH-, HCO3-, Cl-, SO4-, NO3-, NO2-, SiO32-.


Trang 25

cng ca nc biu hin hm lng cc cht khong ha tan trong nc ch yu l mui c cha ion Ca2+ v Mg2+. Ch s ha hc c trng cho cng l tng hm lng tnh bng miligam ng lng cc ion Ca2+ v Mg2+ trong 1 lt nc.

Bng 2.6: Phn loi cng ca nc

STT S mg ng lng cng ca nc

1 10 Rt cng

X l nc cng sn xut bia l bin php loi hai ion Ca2+ v Mg2+ ra khi nc. C 3 loi cng

cng tm thi l loi cng nc gy ra bi s hin din cc khong cht bicarbonnat ha tan. Khi ha tan cc khong cht di dng cc cation Ca2+, Mg2+, anion cacbonat v bicacbonat (CO32- , HCO3-). cng tm thi c th c gim bng cch un si hoc s dng vi (canxi hydroxit) lm mm nc.

cng vnh cu l cng khng th loi b bng cch un si. Nhc n cng vnh cu l s tn ti ca cc ion Ca2+, Mg2+ trong cc mui acid mnh ca canxi v magie.

cng tng cng l tng ca cng tm thi v cng vnh cu. Mt ch tiu ng ch ca nc l hm lng cht kh, l hm lng cc

cht cn sau khi un bc hi cn ht nc v hm lng cht kh 1050C n khi lng khng i. Nc ung bnh thng c hm lng cht kh khong 1000mg/l, nhng nc c dng trong sn xut bia ch c cha hm lng cht kh 600mg/l. Nu hm lng cht st vt qu 0.1mg/l th nh hng khng tt n cht lng bia.


Trang 26

Nc cha nhiu nitrat v nitrit s km hm s pht trin ca nm men, to v kh chu cho bia.

S lng cc t bo vi sinh vt trong nc cng l mt ch tiu quan trng ca cht lng nc. Trong 2ml nc tiu chun dng trong sn xut bia khng cha qu 100 t bo vi khun ni chung, ring vi trc khun E.coli th khng c qu 3 t bo trong 1 lt nc.

Yu cu ca nguyn liu nc nu bia 2.5.3.Bng 2.7: Tiu chun nc nu bia

STT Ch tiu kim sot n v

Gii hn ti hn

Mc mong mun

Mc chp nhn

1 Mi, v Khng c mi, v l

2 pH 6.2 7.5

3 kim tng cng (TAC) 0F 2.0 4.0 4 cng tng (TH) 0F 5

Hm lng mui (quy v NaCl)

mg/l 6 trong % Neph 7 Hm lng chlor t do ppm 8 Hm lng st mg/l 9 Hm lng nitrit mg/l 0

10 Hm lng nitrat mg/l 11 Hm lng mangan mg/l


Trang 27

12

Cc ch tiu vi sinh: + Nm men, mc, tp trng + Tng s vi khun hiu kh

+ Coliform v E.coli

Khun lc/ml Khun lc/ml

Khun lc/100ml

0

H thng x l nc v cp nc trong sn xut 2.5.4.

Hnh 2.2: S h thng x l v cp nc trong sn xut 2.6. NM MEN

Men bia l cc vi sinh vt c tc dng ln men ng. Nm men dng sn xut bia l cc vi sinh vt n bo thuc ging Saccharomyces. Cc ging men bia c th c la chn sn xut cc loi bia khc nhau, nhng c hai ging chnh l men ni ale (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) v men chm lager (Saccharomyces carlsbergensis), vi nhiu loi ging khc na ty theo loi bia no c sn xut. Men bia chuyn ha ng thu c t ht ng cc, to ra cn v cacbon dioxit (CO2).


Trang 28

Bng 2.8: Phn bit nm men chm v nm men ni c im Nm men ni Nm men chm

Nhit ln men Cao (14 250C) Thp (0 - 140C)

Loi ng ln men Glucose, Fructose, Sacrose, Maltose, 1/3 dextrin n gin.

Glucose, fructose, sacrose,

maltose, ton b khng ln men dextrin n gin.

Trong qu trnh ln men L lng trong dch ln men, tp trung vng b mt (ln men trit tng s i lu v cc mt c cht).

To thnh chm, lng xung y thit b (do cao tip xc c cht t hn).

Qu trnh ln men kt thc T kt chm sau ni ln tch ra khi dch bia t trong chm.

Men bia chm xung t kt lng tch ra t trong nhanh.

ng dng Bia en v bia c nng cn cao.

Sn xut bia vng v bia c nng cn thp.

Nm men s dng trong nh my Nm men s dng trong nh my l nm men chm Saccharomyces carlsbergensis. Ngun gc ca nm men: nm men ti nh my Bia Si Gn Hong

Qunh c cung cp bi Tng cng ty Bia, Ru, Nc gii kht Si Gn. Men ly t i F3 ca cng ty bia Si Gn em v cho vo thng cha v s dng n i F8, t l nm men cht c kim sot 10%. Nhit ln men chnh nm men pht trin l 7-90C. Nm men c kh nng chuyn ha cc ng i, ng n gin, cc peptid, acid amin, gii phng ra CO2, ru etylic v nhit.


Trang 29

Nh my cha men bng hai tank, v tank ny c th cha 1500kg men ging. Tank cha men l mt bn c gi lnh nh h thng glycol v c mt cn nh khi lng bn trong bn nhm m bo cho vic cp men chnh xc khi lng. Nhit tank duy tr 2 - 50C.

2.7. NGUYN LIU PH GIA Ph gia s dng cho qu trnh nu 2.7.1.Cc ph gia lm cht liu ph tng gi tr cm quan v cht lng ca bia to iu kin ti thch cho cc enzyme hot ng. Trong qu trnh nu s dng cc ph gia:

Caramel 2.7.1.1.

M t: cht lng snh, mu nu m, c mi ng, v hi ng. Cng dng: Tng mu cho bia, gi cho bia c bn mu. Cho caramel vo dch nha khi un si. CaCl2 (canxi clorua) 2.7.1.2.

M t: dng vin hoc bt rn, n nh, khng tng thch vi nc, km, acid mnh. Cng dng: s dng trong qu trnh ng ha, iu chnh pH, tng hot tnh enzyme gip enzyme bn nhit hn. B sung mt lng Ca2+ gip qu trnh kt lng ca men tt, ng vai tr tch cc trong qu trnh ln men, m bo tnh cht n nh v mi v bia tt. Gc Cl- to cho bia c v tt hi ha. Acid lactic ( CH3CHOHCOOH) 2.7.1.3.

M t: cht lng khng mu n vng, bn, c th chy, khng tng thch vi tc nhn oxi ha mnh. Cng dng: u tin nht iu chnh pH trong qu trnh h ha v ng ha, gim cng ca nc, to mi trng thch hp cc enzym hot ng, to v cho bia. Km sunfat (ZnSO4.H20) 2.7.1.4.

M t: tinh th rn, mu trng.


Trang 30

Cng dng: cho vo sau khi kt thc qu trnh un si dch nha lm cho nm men tng sinh khi, khe v pht trin mnh trong qu trnh ln men chnh. To v m cho bia. Enzyme ultraflow Max (hn hp beta-glucanase v xylananse) 2.7.1.5.

M t: cht lng mu nu c mi ln men nh. Cng dng: b sung trong qu trnh nu. L cht xc tc gip lm gim nht ca dch nha tng hiu sut lc. Enzyme termamyl SC 2.7.1.6.

M t: cht lng mu nu nht c mi ln men nh. Cng dng: gip cho qu trnh thy phn tinh bt thnh ng mt cch trit .

Ph gia s dng cho qu trnh ln men 2.7.2. Cht ph gia s dng cho qu trnh ln men l Maturex L ( - axetolactat

decarbonxylase): c thu nhn t vi khun Bacilus subtillis. Sn phm Maturex L l dch lng mu xm c t trng 1.2g/ml. Maturex L c s dng trong thi k ln men ph, ngn nga s to thnh diacetyl bng cch xc tc phn ng decacboxyl ha ca - axetolactat to thnh acetoin.

Ph gia s dng cho qu trnh lc bia 2.7.3. Bt FW14 2.7.3.1.

M t: dng bt trng n hng, c mi hi t. Cng dng: to lp bt lc th cho my lc KG, l cht dng lm trong v n nh bia trong qu trnh lc. Bt tr lc ln 2 (Standard Super cel Z/Celatom FP3) 2.7.3.2.

M t: dng bt mu trng ng hoc c mu hng nht. Cng dng: to lp bt lc tinh bn ngoi lp bt FW14 cho my lc KG, l cht dng lm trong v n nh bia trong qu trnh lc. Bt PVPP 2.7.3.3.


Trang 31

M t: dng bt hoc tinh th trng n vng. Cng dng: to lp bt lc cho my lc a, cht dng lm trong v n nh bia trong qu trnh lc. Colupullin (papain) 2.7.3.4.

M t: dng bt mu kem nht, tan hon ton trong nc. Cng dng: b sung trong qu trnh lc bia, l cht xc tc gip ngn nga s to thnh cn protein. Vicant SB (hn hp acid ascorbic, Na2S2O5/K2S2O5) 2.7.3.5.

M t: dng bt hoc tinh th mu trng n vng, tan hon ton trong nc. Cng dng: b sung trong qu trnh lc bia, c tc dng ngn nga cc hin tng oxi ha, tng tnh n nh cho bia, bn mu, mi v, lm gim tc nu ha.

Ha cht s dng cho qu trnh CIP 2.7.4. Oxonia (Hydrogen peroxide, 30% solution H2O2) 2.7.4.1.

M t: cht lng khng mu, c mi hc, khng bn - d phn hy ra oxygen v nc, nhy cm vi nh sng, c th sinh p sut trong chai, cn thn khi m. Cng dng: s dng v sinh, kh trng thit b ti phn xng. L cht kh trng trn c bn l acid peracetic c to thnh do s kt hp ca acid vi hydrogen peroxide. C th s dng trong hnh thc khng thu hi, dng mt ln x b hoc tn dng trong cng tc v sinh cc thit b khc theo hnh thc thu hi, b sung nng v ti s dng. Nng s dng theo hnh thc thu hi l 0.4 - 0.5%. Nhit s dng tt nht l nhit thng. Tuy trong nhiu trng hp c th gia nhit nhng khng qu 45oC. Khng cn thit phi trng ra li sau khi thanh trng. Nng Oxonia trong bn CIP phi duy tr mc 0.4 - 0.5% m bo hiu dng lun t 0.2% tt c cc khu vc trong chu trnh CIP.


Trang 32

Sau mi ln CIP cn kim tra nng hao ht b sung m bo hiu qu cao nht trong qu trnh tip theo. Thi gian lu dung dch Oxonia trong bn CIP sau khong 5 n 10 ln CIP nn thay dung dch mi, do dung dch c th b nhim bn t cc ln CIP v thu hi trc . Acid trimeta HC, ES ( acid phosphoric H3PO4) 2.7.4.2.

M t: Ha cht v sinh dng lng trong khng mu, khng mi, bn, khng tng thch vi hp cht ion, bt kim loi, c tnh acid, s dng v sinh cho cc tank ln men v cc tank bo qun bia. Cng dng: Trimeta HC c s dng trong quy trnh ty ra trong phn xng vi nng 0.5- 1.5%, mt pha acid cho cc tank ln men, tank bo qun bia khng cn phi tin hnh ui CO2 trc khi v sinh. Dung dch v sinh s c thu hi v bn CIP. Thi gian lu dung dch Trimeta HC trong bn CIP sau khong 5 n 10 ln CIP nn thay dung dch mi, do dung dch c th b nhim bn t cc ln CIP v thu hi trc . NaOH 2.7.4.3.

M t: NaOH hay cn gi l xt l cht rn dng vy c, mu trng, tan nhiu trong nc v sinh nhit mnh. Ti nh my hin ti s dng xt dng dung dch c nng khong t 1.5 3.2%. NaOH c tnh bazo mnh v khi dng dung dch n khng mu, mi hc. Cng dng: ch s dng NaOH dng dung dch ti cc h thng CIP CIP thit b trong phn xng, hon nguyn h x l nc (ct cation), CIP tank ln men, TBF, ng ng. NaOH ch dng v sinh cc dng c bng Innox khng g, khng dng v sinh cc dng c bng nhm hoc b mt ph sn. Sau mi ln CIP cn kim tra nng hao ht b sung m bo hiu qu cao nht trong qu trnh CIP tip theo. Thi gian lu dung dch xt trong bn CIP sau khong 5 n 10 ln CIP nn thay dung dch mi, do dung dch c th b nhim bn t cc ln CIP v thu hi trc .


Trang 33

Stabilon WT (phosphonobutane tricarboxylic acid, C7H11O9P) 2.7.4.4.

M t: l cht lng mu vng, c mi hc, n nh trong iu kin thng. Cng dng: s dng nh mt ha cht trung gian lm gim tnh n mn ca NaOH, tng kh nng ty ra chai.

Ha cht s dng trong qu trnh x l nc cp 2.7.5. Ht Cation (R-COOH, ion nguyn thy Na+) 2.7.5.1.

M t: dng ht u, mu nu m, c mi tanh, c tnh acid mnh. Cng dng: s dng lm mm nc, kh kim loi nng trong h thng x l nc ca phn xng cng ngh. Ht anion (R-NH3OH, ion nguyn thy Na+) 2.7.5.2.

M t: dng ht u, mu vng sng, c mi tanh, c tnh bazo mnh. Cng dng: s dng kh cc anion trong nc ca h thng x l nc ca phn xng cng ngh. Clorin (Calci hypocloric (Ca(ClO)2)) 2.7.5.3.

M t: Ca(ClO)2 dng bt ht nh mu trng c, ta nhit rt ln khi ha tan trong nc. Cng dng: s dng kh trng nc ti nh my. Than hot tnh 2.7.5.4.

M t: dng mnh nh, mu en, ch yu l nguyn t carbon dng v nh hnh. Cng dng: s dng kh mi trong h thng x l nc ca phn xng cng ngh


Trang 34

CHNG 3: QUY TRNH SN XUT BIA TI NH MY BIA SI GN HONG QUNH


Trang 35

Malt lt

Malt

Sng (1 ln)

Go

Sng (2 ln)

Cn

Xay

Xay nghin

Pha bt malt

m ha

Nc, Acid Lactic

CaCl2

Cn

Pha bt go

H ha

Nc, Acid Lactic

Malt lt

ng ha

Lc dch nha

Houblon ha

Lng cn

Lm lnh nhanh

Sc kh

Ln men chnh

Ln men ph

Lm lnh

Lc

Bo ha CO2

Tng tr

Chit

Thanh trng

Dn nhn

Sn phm

ng thng

Khng kh

Nc

Ra b

V trng

Nm men men

CO2

Chai Ty nhn, ra

Thu hi men

Cn

B

Cn

Acid Lactic, ZnSO4, Houblon,

Caramel

Lon Ra

Dch ha

Hnh 3.1: S quy trnh cng ngh tng qut


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3.1. CNG ON X L NGUYN LIU

Hnh 3.2: S quy trnh x l nguyn liu Cch tin hnh 3.1.1.

Chun b nguyn liu 3.1.1.1.Khu vc chun b v x l nguyn liu c thit k gm 6 tng, cc thit b

c b tr khoa hc m bo nguyn liu sau x l l tt nht cho qu trnh nu. Go

Nguyn liu go c thu mua t nhiu ngun khc nhau v phi t c cc tiu chun ca nh my. Go sau khi qua kim tra c nhp vo 2 silo cha go thng qua cc gu ti v vt ti.

Sng tp cht 1 Sng tp cht 3

Ht st Ht st

Sng tp cht 2

Cn Nghin

Cn Nghin malt t Nghin malt kh

Malt Go

Ni nu

Bn cha n

Ni nu

Ht bi


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Hnh 3.3 : Quy trnh x l go Gu ti a go ln cc tng khc nhau x l: Go c my ht bi ht loi

b s b cc tp cht (bi, bao b, dy nha) Sau go tip tc qua h thng cc thit b gm:

- Thit b ht st: nam chm gn trong thit b ht st ra khi go, thit b c nh k tho g ly kim loi ra.

- Thit b ht bi: lu lng gi l 10milibars, ht v loi b hon ton cc ht bi, tp cht khc cn li t cng on trc.

- Sng tp cht: sng rung vi gc nghing 50o, tp cht nh: sn, si, ct lt qua cc l ca sng v c loi b.

- My nghin go : thit b nghin ba Bng ti v gu ti chuyn go sch ln bn cha tm thi ngay bn trn thit b

cn nh lng. Go qua thit b cn v c cha trong bn cha go. Go c nghin bng thit b nghin l ba t c kch thc mong

mun. Malt

Nguyn liu malt c nhp ngoi, nh my c 4 silo cha malt. Malt phi t cc tiu chun ca nh my. Malt sau khi qua kim tra c nhp vo silo cha malt thng qua cc gu ti v vt ti.


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Hnh 3.4 : S quy trnh x l malt Gu ti, bng ti a malt t silo ln thit b tip nhn malt, malt c ht

bi loi b s b cc tp cht nh nh. Malt c cn t ng nh lng trc khi c a vo bn cha. Qua thit b sng rung vi gc nghing 200, khng s dng gi ht. Mc ch loi b s b cc loi dy nha, bi, nilng, ht lp... Malt tip tc c chuyn h thng thit b nhiu chc nng bao gm:

+ B tch st: c h cc nam chm, mc ch chnh ht loi b kim loi v c nh k m ly kim loi ra.

+ Sng rung: c gc nghing 350, lu lng gi 5milibars. Chc nng chnh ca sng l loi sn.

+ Thit b ht bi: dng gi ht loi b v tru, rc (giy, bao b) mt cch trit . Sau malt c vn chuyn n cn nh lng trc khi a vo bn

cha malt sch, sn sng cho cng on xay malt. T bn cha malt, malt c s dng i qua 2 hng l qua thit b xay nghin malt lt v malt t.

+ Malt lt: malt c nghin trc khi cn nh lng. + Malt t: malt c cn nh lng trc nghin.


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Xay nghin 3.1.1.2. Mc ch

Malt v go c xay nghin thnh cc ht c kch thc nh hn nhm ph v cu trc t bo, tng b mt tip xc vi nc, lm cho thnh phn ca ni nh tip xc vi nc nhanh hn, thc y qu trnh ng ha v qu trnh thy phn qu trnh trch ly, phn ng enzyme din ra d dng.

Cc tin hnh: Nh my c cc h thng nghin khc nhau: my nghin go, my nghin malt

kh dng lm malt lt trong sn xut bia c c v my nghin malt t. - Xay nghin go

C cc h thng nghin bng my nghin ba. ng knh ca l sng c quy nh l 1.5 - 2mm. Go cha trong cc silo c m cho ri xung qua mt van ng m bng kh nn. Sau , qua mt h thng van nh lng, go s i vo vt ti. Go c h thng vt ti a xung thng trung gian v h thng gu ti a vo cc my xay go. Trc khi xay, c mt h thng tch tp cht (, st, si) ra khi nguyn liu.

T my xay, go li c h thng gu ti a ln bn cn tng ng vi khi lng tnh i vo ni nu. + u im:

C th bo qun trong thi gian di sau khi nghin v trc khi nu. Nghin tt cc th liu c nhuyn km.

D v sinh. Ht c mn tt.

+ Nhc im: n o, bi trong qu trnh nghin. Tn tht do ma st ln.

- Xay nghin malt Nh my bia Si Gn Hong Qunh s dng my nghin malt t.


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Nghin malt t c tc dng lm mm v malt, trnh cho v b nt nhiu. V malt khng b nghin qu nhiu s gip cho qu trnh lc d dng hn, cng

nh gip gim bt nh hng ca cc cht ng v cht cht c trong v malt. Yu cu ca malt sau khi xay:

- V: cn nguyn v tch ri khi ni nh. - Tm th: lng nh. - Tm mn: nhiu. - Bt mn: rt t.

u im: V tru c bo ton do rt ngn thi gian lc b khong 10 - 20%. Tng chiu dy lp lc. Ph hp vi thit b ni lc. Gim hao ht nguyn liu.

Nhc im: Nghin khng tt nhng ht malt km nhuyn. Hot lc enzyme khng c kim sot trong thng ngm. Thit b phc tp,

u t ban u ln. Kh v sinh thit b. Cn 3.1.1.3.

Mc ch: qu trnh cn xc nh khi lng nguyn liu ng theo yu cu ca mi m nu trong tng loi bia. Cc tin hnh: - V d mt m nu bia c c ti nh my c khi lng cc thnh phn nh

sau:

+ Tng lng go: 880kg. + Tng lng malt: 2582kg (k c malt lt).

3.2. CNG ON NU BIA C C Nu malt v go 3.2.1.


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Quy trnh cng ngh 3.2.1.1. Quy trnh nu bia c c

Hnh 3.5: S quy trnh nu bia c c

Malt i mch

Nc

Go

m ha

Hi cho ng ha

Lc

un si hoa

Lng xoy

Lm lnh nhanh

Phi trn

Dich ha

Malt lt

B

Kim tra

ZnSO4, A.Lactic, E.Termamyl

A. Lactic

Hoa houblon, caramel

E.Ultraflo Max, CaCl2, A. Lactic

O2

Ra b

Cha trong ni trung gian


Trang 42

Ton b lng nguyn liu cn cho qu trnh nu go v malt trong mt m nu:

STT Nguyn liu S lng

1 Malt 2430 kg

2 Go 880 kg

3 Malt lt 152 kg/2 ln

4 Acid lactic 160ml

5 CaCl2 3.3kg

6 Enzyme Ultraflo Max 230g

7 Enzyme Termamyl SC 30g

8 Nc - 28hl ni go - 73hl ni malt

Gin nu bia


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Hnh 3.6: Gin nu bia 3.2.1.2. Qu trnh nu go. Mc ch

Cng on nu go (h ha) lm trng n v ph v cc ht tinh bt trong dch h nng, nh vy cc enzyme amylase s tc dng d dng hn khi tinh bt cha h ha. Trong qu trnh nu go cn b sung malt lt vo tng hiu sut ca qu trnh thy phn do h thng enzyme trong tinh bt go rt t.

H ha c ngha rt quan trng trong qu trnh cng ngh sn xut bia v tinh bt c h ha s ng ha nhanh hn. Cch tin hnh Chun b nguyn liu

Nguyn liu chun b: go, malt lt, ha cht s dng phi m bo v ng s lng, cht lng theo yu cu cng ngh.

Cho vo ni nu go lng nguyn liu nh sau:

Ni go Ni malt

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200

72oC 72oC 83oC

100oC

65oC

50oC

75oC 76oC

Nhit (oC)

Thi gian (pht)

Go+malt lt

Malt lt 2

Malt


Trang 44

Nc lt ni (500 lt): mc ch ca nc lt ni chng chy ni khi nhit qu cao. Go (880 kg): chim khong 25% so vi tng lng nguyn liu dng cho nu bia. Malt lt ln 1 (75 kg) chim khong 8.5% khi lng go. Malt lt ln 2 (77 kg) chim khong 8.7% khi lng go. Nc (23hl): th tch nc cn thit cho qu trnh h ha. Acid lactic: 160ml Enzyme termamyl: 30g Qu trnh nu ni go Nng ln v gi nhit 72oC : Thi gian nng nhit c thit b kim sot trong Khi nhit tng ln

72oC gi 20 pht to iu kin ti thch cho enzyme -amylase hot ng thy phn tinh bt thnh dextrin v glucose, lm gim nht ca dch cho, mt phn tinh bt c h ha. Giai on ny c gi l giai on thy phn s b.

Nng ln v gi nhit 83 oC : Nng nhit ca khi cho ln 83oC trong 5 pht a s tinh bt c h

ha, gip qu trnh thy phn nhanh hn. giai on ny nht tng nhanh v enzyme c v hot.

H xung v gi nhit 72oC : Thm nc h nhit ca khi cho xung 72oC gi trong 20 pht. Lc

nhit ni t 76oC th b sung lng malt lt cn li vo cung cp thm enzyme tip tc thc hin qu trnh dch ha ln 2.

+ Giai on un si dch cho: un si dch cho ln 100oC gi khong 30 pht nhm s dng tc ng vt

l ca qu trnh si ph v trit cc cu trc tinh bt cn st li h ha hon ton tinh bt, to iu kin thun li khi hi cho qua ni malt qu trnh dch ha v ng ha din ra d dng v nhanh chng.


Trang 45

Trong qu trnh nu, cnh khuy hot ng lin tc 24 vng/pht trnh kh chy y ni.

3.2.1.3. Qu trnh nu malt Mc ch

Cng on nu malt gip chuyn ti a nhng cht khng ha tan d tr trong ht malt v th liu, thng qua cc h thng enzyme (amylase, protease) c sn trong ht malt bng con ng thy phn, to ra dch ng ha.

S thy phn tinh bt c th tm tt nh sau:

Cch tin hnh Chun b nguyn liu Cng lc vi vic nng nhit ni h ha ln 100oC th cho vo ni malt

lng nguyn liu nh sau: Malt (2430kg): cung cp mt lng enzyme thy phn. Nc (73hl): t l nc: malt = 2.3: 3.0 dng cho qu trnh thy phn. CaCl2 (3.3kg): nhm n nh pH, tng hot tnh ca enzyme, gip enzyme bn nhit hn, b sung hm lng Ca2+ h tr cho vic kt lng, ng vai tr tch cc trong qu trnh ln men, m bo tnh cht n nh v mi v bia tt; Cl- to cho bia c v tt, hi ha. Acid Lactic (500ml) : c th cho hoc khng cho vo ni malt n nh pH trong khi hi cho, pH ti u cc enzyme hot ng thch hp l 5.2 n 5.5. Qu trnh nu ti ni malt Qu trnh nu malt din ra qua 3 giai on:

+ Giai on 50oC: nhit 50oC gi trong 10 pht thc hin qu trnh m ha. Sau b sung

CaCl2 gip n nh h enzyme amylase. Giai on nng nhit ln 50oC cng chnh l thi gian phn gii protein. C th hiu qu trnh phn gii protein nh sau:

Protein Polypeptit (Albumose, Pepton) Acid Amin. Giai on 65oC :


Trang 46

Tin hnh hi cho bng cch bm dch cho bn ni go sang ni malt. Khi bm b sung thm 4-5hl nc nhit t 65oC. Khi t 65oC gi trong 5 pht to iu kin thch hp cho enzyme -amylase hot ng, y chnh l nhit enzyme -amylase hot ng mnh nht thc hin qu trnh ng ha bin tinh bt thnh ng. Giai on 75oC:

Nng nhit ln 75oC v gi trong 20 pht to iu kin cho enzyme -amylase hot ng thy phn phn tinh bt cn li qu trnh ng ha din ra hon ton. nht ca dch ng ha giai on ny gim i mt cch nhanh chng. Dng iode th tinh bt , xc nh xem tinh bt c thy phn ht hay cha. Nu cha ht tinh bt th cho thy phn tip.

Sau nng nhit ca dch ng ha ln 76oC, b tr lng nhit mt i trong khi bm dch ng ha qua my lc, nhm duy tr nhit thch hp cho qu trnh lc l 75oC.

3.2.1.4. Bin i ch yu xy ra trong qu trnh nu S bin i ha hc.

S thy phn tinh bt ch yu to thnh dextrin v maltose nh vo h enzyme amylase c sn trong malt, ngoi ra cn to thnh lng nh glucose bi acid theo cc phn ng sau:

(C6H10O5)n x (C6H10O5)n (dextrin) (C6H10O5)n + n H2O n C12H22O11 (maltose) (C6H10O5)n + n H2O n C6H12O6 (glucose) Trong qu trnh nu, ch yu ch c hai phn ng u xy ra do tc ng ca

enzyme c trong malt.

Tinh bt (t nhin) rt lu mi b enzyme phn hy c. Mun cho tinh bt ng ha nhanh cn phi tin hnh h ha tc l ph v cu trc cc ht tinh bt trong nc nng.

Qu trnh ng ha chia thnh 3 giai on:


Trang 47

S h ha Khi ngm nc nng, mt lng nc thm vo phn t tinh bt lm tng th

tch ht, dn ti trng n, cui cng v tung. Dch tng nht, ty vo ht nc ca bt malt v loi nguyn liu thay th malt c s dng. Qu trnh phn hy ny din ra khng mang tnh ha hc v gi l qu trnh h ha.

Sau khi h ha, tinh bt khng cn lin kt chc ch vi nhau na, cc phn t tinh bt c gii phng t do vo dch nht, to thun li cho cc enzyme amylase trong dch tc ng trc tip vi tinh bt, s thy phn tinh bt din ra nhanh hn.

Nhit h ha ph thuc vo tinh bt ca loi ht v kch thc ca ht tinh bt, ht cng nh th nhit h ha cng cao. Tinh bt go c h ha nhit 80-85oC, y l nhit h ha cao nht v ht tinh bt ca go li nh nht, tinh bt la m bt u h ha nhit 60 - 85oC.

S dch ha Trong phn t tinh bt c chui mch di to nn t cc gc glucose (amylose v

amylopectin) b ph hy nhanh chng bi - amylase hnh thnh cc mch ngn hn, lm nht dch gim nhanh. - amylase ch c th phn tch t t mch tinh bt t u khng kh, nn s thy phn tinh bt nh enzyme ny chm.

Vy qu trnh dch ha lm gim nht ca dch bt h ha. Enzyme tc ng dch ha thch hp nht nhit l 70 - 75oC, pH = 4.6 v d b ph hy nhit 80oC trong thi gian ngn.

S ng ha L s bin i ca tinh bt dch ha thnh dextrin v maltose, ch xy ra khi

cho dch ha xong. S thy phn tinh bt din ra giai on ng ha ch yu l do tc ng ca enzyme: amylase maltose ha

amylase c toopt = 60 65oC v pHopt = 5.4, d b bin tnh nhit ln hn hoc bng 70oC. Cht m:

C nhiu loi enzyme m ha trong malt hin nay ta chia lm 2 loi protease v peptidase. Nhit thch nghi lc nu ha tan m l 43 - 50oC.


Trang 48

acid: pH thch nghi ca a s enzyme thp hn acid thng thng ca dch nha. V vy ngi ta mi acid ha vi m nu n pH = 5.2. y l pH thun li nht cho m ha v s ha tan cc phosphate.

Bin i ha l: S ta lng protein: khi nhit tng cc protein km chu nhit s b kt ta. S to thnh cc melanoid: do cc acid amin tc ng cc cht ng ti nhit

cao to thnh (tc dng tt cho mi v ca bia, kh nng to mi v gi bt ca bia). Lc dch nha 3.2.2.

Hn hp sau khi ng ha s thnh hai pha: Pha lng: cha nc v cc cht ha tan cn thu nhn. Pha rn: cha rt nhiu cc cht khng ha tan, in hnh l cellulose. Mc ch:

- Lc tch b nhm tch pha lng ra khi pha rn, tch cc phn t khng tan v cc phn kt ta trong qu trnh un si ra khi dch ng. - Ra b nhm tn thu cht dinh dng cn li trong b, tng hiu sut trch ly, tng s khuch tn cc cht ha tan vo dch ng. Dng nc nng 760C ra b. Khng nn ra b bng nc nng hn v nhit cao s lm v hot enzyme amylase, ng thi cng trch ly nhiu cht ng v nhng cht ha tan khc, gy c bia.

Cch tin hnh 3.2.2.1.u tin phi v sinh y gi, trc khi a dch ng vo phi kha van tho

b malt v cc vi ly dch ng phi ng kn, sau cho nc nng (khong 8hl) vo cc ng dn dch ng v khong cch gia hai y, nc nng s ui ht khng kh ra ngoi, ng thi lm nng thng lc.

Cn chuyn dch ng vo thng lc cng nhanh cng tt (khong 8 10 pht) v khuy u dn u b trn b mt y thit b (cnh khuy lc ny cch y ni khong 150mm). Nu b phn b khng u khin cho tch chit khng u


Trang 49

lm gim hiu sut thu hi cht chit. Vn tc bm cng thp cng tt trnh o trn khng cn thit. Dch ng c bm t di ln trnh oxy xm nhp. Sau khi bm dch ng vo thng lc, cnh khuy c nng ln v tr cao nht 300mm v dng quay lng 5 10 pht. B s lng xung v hnh thnh mt lp lc t nhin.

Phn dch lc u tin thu c khong gia y thng v y gi c cha cc ht nh c th lt qua lp lc. Phn dch ny c bm tr li thng lc di b mt dch ng, lm nh vy s hn ch ti a oxy xm nhp vo dch.

Khi quan st thy dch lc bt u trong th kha van hi lu v thu dch. Dch ct yu cu ng 160P, lu lng: 120hl/h v cnh khuy: quay thun 3.2vng/pht, mc 130mm. Lc dch c 20 30hl th ly mu dich ct kim tra.

Khi dch ng chy qua to nn mt lc ht, lm cho b b nn dn li, tc lc gim dn. V th cn gi tc lc va phi m bo chnh lch p sut cng thp cng tt gi cho b ti xp. Qu trnh ra b chia lm 3 ln: Ra b ln 1: 50hl nc 760C, khi lc c 76hl dch tc 5% (3.2 vng/pht).

Cnh khuy quay thun (5%) v tr 120mm. Lu lng nc ra b: 180hl/h. Lu lng lc: 140hl/h. Khi bm nc ra b ln 1 xong, ni lc lc c 120hl th tin hnh ct mng. Cnh khuy h xung (20%) mc 20mm, quay thun (5%), quay trong vng 5 pht.

Sau nng ln mc 120mm v tip tc lc. Ra b ln 2: 45hl nc 760C khi lc dch c 165hl. Cnh khuy quay thun (5%) mc 120mm, lu lng nc ra: 280hl, lu lng lc 220hl/h. Ra b ln 3: 23hl nc 760C khi lc dch c 165hl. Cnh khuy quay thun (5%) mc 120mm, lu lng nc ra: 280hl, lu lng lc 220hl.

Qu trnh ra b kt thc khi nng ng cn st li l 0P. Sau khi thu ht dch, h cnh khuy v cho quay ly ht b ra ngoi. Tin hnh v sinh thit b chun b cho m k tip.


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un si dch ng vi houblon 3.2.3. Mc ch 3.2.3.1.

Ha tan cht ng cht cht, cht thm trong bia. Cc cht trong hoa s kt hp vi cc cht trong dch ng lm n nh cc thnh phn trong bia.

To iu kin cho s hnh thnh kt ta gia cc protein cao phn t km bn vng vi tanin.

To phn ng melanoid. Tiu dit cc enzyme xc tc sinh hc. Kh trng dch ln men 100oC. Lm bay mt phn hi nc ca dch ln men. Gia tng mu, mi v, acid, to thnh cc cht kh, gim nht, tng bn

sinh hc, kh nng to bt v gi bt. Cch tin hnh 3.2.3.2.

Thc hin ngm cao khi lc c ~ 170hl dch, un cao khong 40 pht (n im ly mu iu chnh, ngm hoa vin).

Thc hin x cao, vin v un theo ng k hoch kim sot cht lng.

Bc Cng vic Yu cu

1 Nhn dch nha Dch lc c a sang ni trung gian Kt thc qu trnh lc th bm ton b lng dch trong ni trung gian qua b trao i nhit vi nc 960C vo ni hoa. Thi gian : nu l m u tin ca chu k nu th cho vo khi lc c dch ct khong 50 70hl. Nu l cc m tip theo ca chu k nu th cho vo khi bm dch t ni trung gian sang ni hoa c 2 3 pht.

2 Cp hoa houblon cao

Khi nhn th tch trc khi un si Nhit 950C v vic cp houblon cao phi kt thc trc khi t 1000C.


Trang 51

3 Nng nhit n si

Kt thc bm dch t ni trung gian sang ni hoa th nhit trong ni khong 900C, nng nhit ln 990C. Lu : cho hoa cao v caramel vo thng ngm vi lng ph hp vo thng HOP khi lc dch c khong 160hl

4 Cp hoa houblon vin

ln 1

Khi un si 50 pht.

5 Cp houblon vin ln 2

Thi im: 5 pht trc khi kt thc un si.

6 Cp caramel Cng thi im cp houblon cao

7 Cp ZnSO4, acid lactic

Cng thi im cp hoa vin.

8 Cp enzyme termamyl

Cho 100ml vo ni trung gian khi lc c khong 30hl dch ct v cho vo ni hoa 200ml nhm lm cho qu trnh thy phn tinh bt trit hn, hn ch tinh bt st trong qu trnh nu.

Cc bin i trong qu trnh un hoa 3.2.3.3.Mu v mi: do qu trnh bc hi nc v hin tng caramel ha cc cht

ng, s hnh thnh cc melanoid v cc cht c mu trong houblon chuyn vo dch. Loi b cc cht bay hi khng mong mun trong qu trnh un si.

bt bia: cc cht nha ng ca houblon lm gim ng k sc cng ca b mt. Chng tp trung to mng b mt gy nn s tht thot do dnh trn np thit b trong khi ln men chnh.

Lng xoy v lm lnh nhanh 3.2.4.


Trang 52

Bng 3.1: Qu trnh lng xoy v lm lnh nhanh

Lng xoy 3.2.4.1. Mc ch

Tch cn b trong hoa houblon v mt s kt ta khc khi dch ng to iu kin thun li cho qu trnh ln men v lc bia sau ny. Cch tin hnh (Bng 3.1)

Bc 1 Cng vic Yu cu

1 Nhn dch nha Thi gian nhn dch: cng nhanh cng tt (10 15 pht)

2 Ch lng Thi gian: 20 5 pht V quan st nc nha trong ni quay chm v gn ng yn

3 Chun b chuyn dch Thanh trng my gii nhit v ng ng chuyn dch bng nc nng Lm lnh ng ng v 100C

4 Chuyn dch v gii nhit nhanh

Ngay sau khi lm lnh ng ng xung 100C Nhit gii nhit nhanh: theo 6 80C Nhit y tank 90C Thi gian chuyn dch: 1h. Hoc thi gian bm t ni un si sang ni lng xoy + thi gian lng + thi gian chuyn dch 70 pht.

5 Kt thc chuyn dch Dng nc nng ui dch nha trn ng ng vo tank

6 V sinh V sinh sch s cn nng v cn hoa ni lng xoy


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Trong qu trnh un si dch ng vi hoa houblon, to nhiu kt ta vi kch thc khc nhau. Khi dch trng thi tnh, cc kt ta ny c nhiu hng ri t do xung y thng, tc ri ph thuc vo khi lng ring ca chng. C hai loi cn: Cn th: l cn c kch thc tng i ln. Khi h nhit xung 600C th hu ht chng b kt lng, mt thng khng th trng thy c. Thnh phn ch yu l protein, cc hp cht polyphenol, cc hp cht ng, cc cht khong v mt s cht khc. S c mt ca chng trong dch ln men, s gy xo trn giai on u ca qu trnh ln men, khi kt lng s lm nm men b bn. V vy cn loi ht cc cn th. Cn mn: l nhng cn c kch thc nh hn. Khi h thp nhit n nhit ln men th chng vn c kh nng kt ta. Thnh phn cha c xc nh chnh xc, s nh hng ca chng n tin trnh ln men v cht lng sn phm theo cc nh khoa hc cn c kin tri ngc nhau, nu loi b ht th lm gim hng v bia v kh nng gi bt km.

Sau khi un si dch c bm qua thng lng xoy, dch i vo thng theo phng tip tuyn vi thnh thng. Cn tp trung gia y thng. Thi gian lng khong 20 pht. Dch sau khi lng c bm qua h thng lm lnh nhanh.

Lm lnh nhanh 3.2.4.2. Mc ch

- H nhit dch ng n nhit thch hp cho nm men pht trin. - Hn ch s xm nhp ca vi sinh vt. - Loi dn cc cn mn khi lm lnh. Cch tin hnh (Bng 3.1)

Dch nha sau khi lng nhit 90 950C s c dn trc tip vo thit b trao i nhit lm lnh. Tc nhn trao i nhit trc tip l nc c lm lnh xung 20C.

Dch nha nng chuyn ng qua cc rnh ca cc tm trao i nhit. Cht ti lnh chuyn ng ngc chiu vi chiu ca dch, cht ti lnh chy mt bn tm lm gim dn nhit c dch chuyn ng mt cn li ca tm. Nhit ca dch nha sau khi lm lnh l 6 80C. Nc sau khi lm lnh dch nha (72 76oC) c a i dng lm nc ra b malt.


Trang 54

Lu : - m bo dch ng hon ton v trng. - Cung cp oxy nm men pht trin. - Dch ng phi trong v c loi b kt ta th. - Loi b mt phn kt ta mn hnh thnh trong qu trnh lm lnh. 3.3. CNG ON LN MEN

Mc ch 3.3.1. Qu trnh ln men gip chuyn ha cc cht ng v dextrin c phn t thp thnh ru etylic, CO2 v to ra nhiu hp cht mang hng v c trng cho bia.

Quy trnh cng ngh 3.3.2.

Hnh 3.7: S qu trnh ln men

Dch lnh

Np dch vo tank v cy men

Ln men chnh

Kim tra

Ln men ph

Kim tra

Thu hi CO2 Thu hi men

Bia sau khi ln men

Maturex L

Khng kh

V trng

X cn hoa

Men


Trang 55

Cch tin hnh 3.3.3. Np dch vo tank v cy men 3.3.3.1.

Dch nha c lm lnh bng my lm lnh nhanh t 95 98oC xung cn 8oC sau c sc kh v trng bng n cc tm ri cp qua phn xng ln men. Mc ch ca vic sc kh l cung cp oxy cho nm men s dng tng sinh khi. Xc nh lng men cn cp

Ly mu xc nh mt t bo, m c, t l men cht, mc ny chi ca nm men sa cn s dng.

Tnh lng men cn cp cho 1 tank ln men theo cng thc sau: Trong :

- C l m c (%). - Vdch lnh: th tch dch np y tank. - K: h s cy men. (K 0.5 0.7) Mt t bo nm men sau khi cy cn t 20.106 30.106 t bo/ml dch nha.

Qu trnh np dch vo tank - Np dch ng

Thanh trng my lm lnh nhanh v ng ng cp dch bng nc nng 80-90oC, thi gian 5 - 10 pht.

Trc khi nhn dch nha lnh m u tin, tin hnh v sinh tank ln men a nhit tank ln men v gn bng ngng nhit ln men.

Nhn dch nha t xng nu theo m, 6 - 7 m/1 tank. Lng dch nha khong 180 190 hl/ m. Sau khi qua thit b trao i nhit tin hnh sc kh vo dch nha to mi trng cho nm men sinh trng v pht trin. Khng kh

trc khi vo dch nha phi c v trng bng n cc tm.

Yu cu dch nha khi c chuyn sang ln men phi c plato khong 13 0.1, pH khong 5.3, nhit 6 1C.


Trang 56

- Cp men Sau khi tip nhn m u tin vo tank khong 15 pht tin hnh cy men ging

theo ng nc nha, ng thi b sung Maturex L 5000ml/1400hl. Thng xuyn theo di qu trnh np men, khi lng men yu cu th ng van tip men trc, sau tt bm, ng van y bn men v van thng p.

Sau khi men, x b men cn d ra bn men thi v tin hnh CIP tank cha men, bm cp men v cc ng ng.

Ln men chnh 3.3.3.2.

Nh my s dng hai loi men l RH v VLB vi c tnh ln men khc nhau. Trong qu trnh thc tp nhm tm hiu v chng nm men VLB.

- Chng men VLB

Hnh 3.8: Gin ln men chng men VLB Gii thch: Ln men chnh trong khong t 5 7 ngy. ng p kt thc qu trnh ln men

chnh.

Tng nhit ln 100C to nn dng i lu, khuch tn mnh y cc cht tin t to hp cht cha lu hunh (SO2, H2S) gy mi v khng tinh khit.

oC

Ngy

8oC

5 7 ngy 5oC

7 ngy

2oC

4 ngy 1oC

3 ngy

10oC

1-3 ngy

ng p


Trang 57

Diacetyl sunfit gim l do n kt hp vi mt s cht nh O2, H2 khi kch nhit ln dn n khuy o cun theo CO2 thi ra ngoi. Mc ch:

Chuyn cc cht ng v dextrin c phn t thp thnh ru ethanol, CO2 theo yu cu k thut v cht lng thnh phm

C6H12O6 -> C2H5OH + CO2 + Q

Hnh thnh mt s sn phm ph nh: acid hu c, cc este, ru bc cao (du fusel), diacetyl, aldehyt, glycerin. Dn n s thay i v cht lng ca cc cht ha tan c trong dch ng v bin dch ng thnh dch bia. Qu trnh ln men chnh : c chia lm 4 giai on

- Thi k 1 (sau 1 ngy): Nm men pht trin v sinh sn biu hin l bt bong bng li ti bm trn thnh thng v trn b mt ca dch v dn dn ph kn thng ln men. Bt trng mn, cht ha tan gim 0.3 0.5%, nhit tng khong 5%.

- Thi k 2 (1 ngy tip theo): qu trnh ln men tip tc v mnh dn, mt lp bt ni trn b mt dch ng , mu sm hn, cht ha tan gim 2 2.5%, nhit tng 1 1.5oC.

- Thi k 3 (2 ngy tip theo): qu trnh ln men din ra mnh nht, bt xut hin nhiu v dy hn, mu sm, cht ha tan gim 2.5 3%. CO2 thot ra nhiu nht v cng l giai on to nhiu diacetyl.

- Thi k cui (1 ngy cn li): cng ln men yu dn, bt gim, to ra mt lp vng mu sm trn b mt, cht ha tan gim 0.8 1%, nhit gim 3 - 4oC, nm men bt u lng xung cng cc thnh phn keo t nh protein, tannin, nha ng houblon Qu trnh ln men chnh kt thc sn phm nhn c l bia non.

Nhng bin i ca qu trnh ln men chnh: - Bin i cc cht kh ha tan: trong nc nha c y cc cht dinh dng

cho nm men nh: hydratacarbon, protein, cc vitamin v mui khongSau khi chuyn nm men ging vo nc nha, qua thi gian ngn ca thi k tim


Trang 58

pht, nm men ny chi v pht trin mnh m s lng t bo trong dch tng ln r rt, va pht trin va ln men, tiu hao c cht v to ra cc sn phm. S ln men cc loi ng khc nhau din ra theo mt tun t nht nh do s thm thu ca cc loi ng ny vo t bo nm men. Saccharose cng c chuyn ha ngay giai on u ca qu trnh ln men nhng phi nh enzyme fuctofuranosidase (enzyme ny c trong nguyn sinh cht ca t bo nm men) thy phn thnh ng fructose v glucose. Khi trong dch ln men khng cn glucose v fructose na th lc ny nm men bt u s dng n maltose (maltose l thnh phn chnh trong dch nha, c th chim n 50% tng lng hidratcarbon). Di tc dng ca enzyme glucosidase, maltose chuyn ha thnh glucose. Maltose hu nh c tiu hao ht trong qu tnh ln men chnh. Cc sn phm th cp ca qu trnh ny c tch t nh glycerin, acetaldehyl, acid pyruvic, acid acetic, acid lactic, diacetyl, 2,3-butylenglycol v mt lng t acetoin, acid citric. Song song vi cc qu trnh ny l qu trnh ln men ru bc cao t cc acid amin nh: tryptophylic, propylic, Bn cnh qu trnh ny cng hnh thnh mt s hp cht khng c li nh: C4 (aceton, diacetyl v 2,3 butylenglycol) gy mi kh chu.

- Bin i ha l: dch nha lc mi cy nm men thng c pH = 5.3 5.6. Cn pH cui giai on ln men chnh khong 4.2 4.5 (pH gim l do s hnh thnh CO2 v cc acid hu c trong ch yu l acid lactic, acid tatric). S lng cc sn phm oxy ha gim mnh trong khi cc sn phm ca qu trnh kh oxy tch t ngy mt nhiu. Nm men pht trin km hm cc qu trnh oxy ha, chng hp th oxy ha tan trong dch nha, tiu hao cho cc phn ng trao i cht. Trong giai on ln men mnh, tt c oxy ha tan trong dch nha c nm men s dng ht. S tch t CO2 trong mi trng lm chm cc qu trnh oxy ha.

- S ng t cc protein v s hnh thnh bt: qu trnh ln men to ra cc cn, este lm cho mi trng pH gim to iu kin cho cc protein ng t v kt lng mt phn t bo nm men. Kh cacbonic c to ra trong qu trnh ln men, lc u th ha tan trong dung dch nhng sau tan dn v tch thnh cc ti kh (l c s cho s hnh thnh bt). Trn b mt cc ti kh xut hin lp hp ph c hot tnh b mt nh: nha houblon, protein. Khi cc ti kh


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ring l dnh vo nhau th to nn bt, dn dn trn kn v dy ln trn b mt dch ln men.

- Mt s s c k thut thng thng v bin php khc phc trong qu trnh ln men chnh

S c Nguyn nhn Khc phc

Tc ln men chm

Khng lng t bo nm men

Nm men khng t cht lng hoc b thoi ha. Khng m van x p lm p sut tank tng cao lm c ch nm men.

Cho s lng t bo nm men yu cu. Nm men phi c tr ha, cht lng phi n nh. Khi p sut trong tank tng cao phi m van x p.

Dch ln men b x

Do lp lch ca thao tc. Lp ca thao tc ng k thut.

H hng khi dch ln men

Dch len men b nhim vi sinh vt l. Nhim vi sinh vt khi cy nm men vo tank.

Tank cha v sinh hoc v s

bao cao thuc tap full libre 7988

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